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W INDOWS- ............................................... 29
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MARKETPLACE ............................................................ 93
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BITRIXSETUP ................................................................. 104

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(DEMO) ............................................................................112
- ........................................................................114
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PHP .................................................................................................................................315
SQL ........................................................................................................................................316
PHP ....................................................................................................................316
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Google Sitemap .................................................................................................................................377
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/ ...................................................................................... 388
RSS ..................................................................................................................................388
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XML......................................................................................................398
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MySQL ......................................................................................................456
Oracle .......................................................................................................460
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PHP......................................................................................................................................480
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Unix ....................................................................................................................................................494
Windows .............................................................................................................................................499
IIS 6 ............................................................................................. 502

PHP ..................................................................................................................................502
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PHP
PHP,
PHP 5 http://windows.php.net/download/ (Microsoft Nonthread-safe (NTS)).
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126
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127
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128
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Extensions ( PHP),
:
GD2;
LDAP ( LDAP-);
Multi-Byte String ( ,
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MySQL;
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129
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130
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131
PHP
PHP :
, PHP.
php.ini .
:
fastcgi.impersonate = 1
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1
cgi.force_redirect = 0
short_open_tag = On
extension_dir = "C:\<__>\PHP\ext"
upload_tmp_dir="C:\inetpub\temp"
session.save_path="C:\inetpub\temp"
allow_call_time_pass_reference = On
display_errors = On
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<?php.
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: cd C:\<__>\PHP\;
php info.
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132
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(http://www.iis.net/downloads/default.aspx?tabid=34&i=1683&g=6).
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FastCGI Settings:
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1, , .
PHP.
PHP
PHP :
C:/inetpub/wwwroot phpinfo.php, :
<? phpinfo(); ?>
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133
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Apache 1.3.0 ;
.htaccess;
PHP 5;
safe_mode (
);
short_open_tag ;
135
memory_limit 32 "", 64
"";
: Zlib ( -
), GD lib ( ), Free Type (
CAPTCHA);
MySQL : 4.1.11, 5.0 ;
PHP (APC, eAccelerator

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bitrix_server_test.php, .

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139

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140

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define("BX_FILE_PERMISSIONS", 0666);
define("BX_DIR_PERMISSIONS", 0777);
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141
PHP
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utf-8 . ,
( mbstring
pgp: mbstring.func_overload=2).
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Bitrix Framework
,
. ( Bitrix Framework)
.
.

.

.
142

. :
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( > > >
).
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<?
$PERM["/"]["*"]="R"; ?>
2:
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GNU tar, tar Linux. WinRar tar,
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restore.php,
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: ERROR 1062 (23000) at line
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: , , ,
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143

/bitrix/php_interface/after_connect.php, :
<?
$DB->Query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");
?>
. utf8.
character_set_server SQL-:
show variables where Variable_name = 'character_set_server';

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SET NAMES `utf8`;
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144

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145

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.htaccess .

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FTP , ,
FTP, .
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nobody:. , ,
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( ), /bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php
:
146
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, .
, CHMOD
.
, :
chmod -R 644 *
:
find . -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} ';'
, :
<?php
function chmod_R($path) {
$handle = opendir($path);
while ( false !== ($file = readdir($handle)) ) {
if ( ($file !== ".") && ($file !== "..") ) {
if ( is_file($path."/".$file) ) {
chmod($path . "/" . $file, BX_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
}
else {
chmod($path . "/" . $file, BX_DIR_PERMISSIONS);
chmod_R($path . "/" . $file);
}
}
}
closedir($handle);
}
$path=dirname(__FILE__);
147
umask(0);
chmod_R($path);
echo $path;
?>

FTP . , FlashFXP 3..
FlashFXP ,
.
:
Separately set File and Folder attributes (
);
Apply changes to all subfolders and files (
)
:
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148

,
( *NIX).
149
.htaccess
.htaccess ( . hypertext access) - -
Apache.
-
httd.conf.
.htaccess httpd.conf ,
, , . .htaccess
.
,
.htaccess. ,
.htaccess ,
httpd.conf ( AllowOverride
All). .
.htaccess .
.htaccess ,
. ,
-.
!
.htaccess.
.htaccess
:
Options -Indexes
ErrorDocument 404 /404.php
#php_flag allow_call_time_pass_reference 1
#php_flag session.use_trans_sid off
#php_value display_errors 1
php_value mbstring.func_overload 2
php_value mbstring.internal_encoding UTF-8
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !/bitrix/urlrewrite.php$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /bitrix/urlrewrite.php [L]
AddType application/x-httpd-php .ico
150
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

ExpiresActive on
! PHP
(#) . Apache
PHP-,
(500).
, #.
PHP , (#),
Apache .
.
1. PHP
php_flag
session.use_trans_sid
off
.
2. PHP php_value display_errors 1, ,

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php_value error_reporting ,
.
PHP .
3.
php_value
mbstring.func_overload
2
mbstring.internal_encoding UTF-8
mbstring.
4.
mod_rewrite.
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php_value
5. AddType application/x-httpd-php .ico

ico php-.
6.
ExpiresActive
on
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ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 3 day", ,
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UNIX- ( FAR UNIX-).
CGI
151
1.
php CGI.
HTTP php. ,
phpinfo() Server API: CGI.
, ,
.htaccess mod_rewrite. :
.htaccess :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule .* - [E=REMOTE_USER:%{HTTP:Authorization},L]
bitrix/admin/.htaccess,
mod_rewrite:
#<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c="">
# RewriteEngine Off
#</ifmodule>
bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php :
$remote_user = $_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"]
? $_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"] : $_SERVER["REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER"];
$strTmp = base64_decode(substr($remote_user,6));
if ($strTmp)
list($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'], $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW']) =
explode(':', $strTmp);
HTTP- .
! .
HTTP- ,
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,

.
152
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php);
/bitrix/modules/main/include/dbconn_error.php:
<br>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="35%" bgcolor="#9C9A9C">
<tr>
<td><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"><FONT
face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
<font color="#FF0000"><b><?echo "Error connecting
to database."?></b></font><br>Please try again.</font></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><br><br>
, , MySQLGUI Windows,
http://www.mysql.ru/download/.
153
/bitrix/php_interface/dbquery_error.php.
, ,
bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php, ,
$DBDebug = true;
<?
define("DBPersistent", true);
$DBType = "mysql";
$DBHost = "localhost:31006";
$DBLogin = "root";
$DBPassword = "";
$DBName = "bsm_demo";
$DBDebug = true;
$DBDebugToFile = false;
set_time_limit(60);
@ini_set("memory_limit", "64M");
?>
, , ,
.
154
perror.exe ( perror.exe
mysql/bin) :
: 28 :
,
.
,
.

.
:

MySQL MyISAM.

> > :
155
,
,
?no_keep_statistic_LICENSE-KEY=Y.
.

.

: (login) (password) . :
http://www.mysite.ru/bitrix/admin/repair_db.php?login=DB_Login&password=DB_Passw
ord.
:
:
MySQL Query Error: .. [Out of memory restart server and try again (needed 65528 bytes)]
:
MySQL.

MySQL my.cnf:
MySQL,
key_buffer = 128K
max_allowed_packet = 16M
table_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 128K
read_buffer_size = 128K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 128K
net_buffer_length = 128K
thread_stack = 128K
MySQL.
156
500 - Internal Server Error

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error.log. .

.
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(, 0755,
0711).

php-;

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PHP.
.
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php.ini.
.
,
(, ).
1-
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157

1C-: ,
, ,

1-, PHP-. Windows
Unix .

1-.
1-,

BitrixVM.
, ..

BitrixVM.
VMWare Player .
VMWare.
1-,
. BitrixVM

"1-".
158
1C-:
1-:
!
1-, ,
.
1C-: VMWare Studio

VMWare Virtual Appliance VMWare:
VMWare Server 1.0 ;
VMWare ESX 3.0 ;
VMWare ESXi 3.5 ;
VMWare Workstation 6.0 ;
VMWare Player 2.0 ;
VMWare Fusion 1.1 .
1-: .
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, firewall, , ,
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, .
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"1-".
root bitrix,
bitrix bitrix.
:
!
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:
: Windows XP, Vista, 7, Server 2003, Server 2008 (x86/x64); Linux (x86/x64);
VMWare Player;
: 2 ;
: 160 ;
159
: 256 .
160
BitrixVM
VMWare Player ,
Windows Linux.
: VMWare Player
.
VMWare.
BitrixVM.
, , :\VMBitrix\BitrixVM\.
VMWare Player. Open a Virtual Machine
BitrixVM.vmx, :\VMBitrix\BitrixVM\.
.
Play Virtual
Machine:
,
. :
161
:
o
Login;
Configure Network;
, , Set
Timezone.
Login.
: root bitrix.
.
162
localhost.localdom login Password

(root bitrix ) Enter.
(current) UNIX password (bitrix) Enter.
Enter new UNIX password Enter.
Retype new UNIX password
Enter.
: Change root
password .
163
Available actions:
0. Virtual appliance information

;
1. Mail sending system parameters

;
2. Disable/Enable HTTP access (HTTPS only) /

HTTPS;
3. Enable/Disable ZendServerCE control panel /

ZendServerCE;
4. Change root password ;
5. Change bitrix password bitrix;
6. Virtual server reboot ;
7. Virtual server shutdown ;
8. Set PHP timezone from Operating System setting

;
9. Create master mode - -;
10. Add slave node - (

-);
11. Make slave node a master node -

( -);
12. Add additional site -

;
13. NTLM authentication - NTLM .
164
( 0 8)
Enter. , 7
(Virtual server shutdown) Enter.
: VMWare Player
(Virtual Machine > Removable
Devices > Network Adapter > Settings...), (Bridged, NAT, Hostonly):
, 6 Enter.
, Ctrl+Alt.
IP- (
http://192.168.0.175 https://192.168.0.175).
:
165
,
,
1C-. ,
BitrixSetup.
,
(
). ,
.
166

:
Type a number and press ENTER 1 (Mail sending
system parameters) Enter:
Mail sending subsystem settings,

:
SMTP server name .
SMTP port . , 25 -
465 - ( SSL).
Enter, (25).
Default sender address

.
SMTP , SMTP authorization

required Yes, No.
167
SMTP-
Save changes Yes.

BitrixEnv ( Linux) BitrixVM,
.
,
(/bitrix/home/www) /home/bitrix/backup/archive.
, 2:30.
/etc/crontab/.
:
wget http://repos.1c-bitrix.ru/ext/start_site_backup.sh
chmod +x start_site_backup.sh
./start_site_backup.sh

.
168
3.
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.
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,
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169

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170

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171
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172

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173
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174

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175
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176

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177

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178
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179
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180

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181

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182
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184
185

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186

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187
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upload_max_filesize.
!
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188

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189
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190

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.

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) .

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HTML ,
styles.css:
191
,
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,
HTML
:
192
193
,
HTML-.

Microsoft Word, .
php - pSpell.
,
aSpell
(http://aspell.net/),
pSpell
(http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pspell.php).
pSpell,
:
: :
MS Word, pSpell,
pSpell, .. pSpell
, MS Word .
pSpell
,
194
,
,
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/bitrix/modules/fileman/u_dics/_). ,
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custom.pws .
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, /bitrix/modules/fileman/u_dics/_/.
195

.
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:
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:
196
:
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HTML ( IE 5.0 FireFox 1.0 ):
197
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198

, ,
.
. :
( >
> > ).
.
: , .
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, .
.
,
.
,
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www\bitrix\components\... ( -),
.
,
,
.

.
199

( >
> > ).

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,
<p>#COMPONENT0001#</p>.
200

,
.
:
"SCREENSHOT" ( .description.php
\www\bitrix\components\<_>)
-. .
.
...
$arComponentDescription = array(
"NAME" => GetMessage("T_IBLOCK_DESC_LIST"),
"DESCRIPTION" => GetMessage("T_IBLOCK_DESC_LIST_DESC"),
"ICON" => "/images/news_list.gif",
"SORT" => 20,
"SCREENSHOT" => array(
"/images/news_list.png",
),
201
"CACHE_PATH" => "Y",

...

-.

-,
.
/snippets/
(.default), :
.content.php - .
(title) (description).
<?if(!defined("B_PROLOG_INCLUDED") ||
B_PROLOG_INCLUDED!==true)die();?>
<?
$SNIPPETS = Array();
$SNIPPETS["snippet0001.snp"] = Array("title"=>"",
"description"=>"");
?>
.htaccess - ;
( *.snp). .
, /snippets/images/
, .
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/images/test1/table.png ( ).
202

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,
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, ,
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.
.
,
:
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.
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, ..
:
203
:
sect_inc.php
[_]_inc.php.
, index.php
index_inc.php.

.

... ,
. ,
, .
.
204
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,
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205
,
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.
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206
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:
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207

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.
208
( > >
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.
209
210
.

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(<head>)
:
211
: ,
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Work Area
Work Area #WORK_AREA#
.
, ,
.
.
212
: Work Area .

, .. ,
. .

php- .
html- php-. ,
:
<a href="<? echo 'www.oursite.ru';?>" title="
">OurSite</a>
, ( img).
213
,
<a> : href, title, class, style
<img> : src, alt, class, style

.. <? ...... ?>
php-:
<table >
<? ........ ?>
<tr>
<? ........ ?>
<td>
</td>
<? ........ ?>
</tr>
<? ........ ?>
</table>
,
, SITE_TEMPLATE_PATH:
<img height="4" alt=""
src="<?=SITE_TEMPLATE_PATH?>/images/left_top_corner.gif" width="4"
border="0" />
,
php . .. :
<img src="<?=SITE_TEMPLATE_PATH?>/images/<?='image.gif';?>" width="2"
height="17" alt="" class="search-left" />
214
php-
: php-
.
HTML- php- :
php-
.
,
;
php-,
.

, php-
:
! html- php-.
, :
<a href="<? echo 'www.oursite.ru';?>" title="
">OurSite</a>
, ( img).
, :
<a> : href, title, class, style
<img> : src, alt, class, style
.. <? ...... ?>
php-:
<table >
<? ........ ?>
<tr>
<? ........ ?>
<td>
</td>
<? ........ ?>
</tr>
215
<? ........ ?>

</table>
, php- .
,
:
<?
require($_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]."/bitrix/header.php");
$APPLICATION->SetPageProperty("title", "
1-: 6.0");
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246
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function chmod_R($path, $perm)
{
if (is_dir($path))
269
{
chmod($path."/".$file, $perm);
$handle = opendir($path);
if (!$handle)
{
echo "Error: ".$path;
return;
}
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle)))
{
if ($file == "." || $file == ".." || $file == '.htaccess')
continue;
chmod_R($path."/".$file, $perm);
}
closedir($handle);
return true;
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{
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}
return;
}
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if (!trim($path))
{
?>
<form method=get>
: <input name=path
value='<?=dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'])?>'><br>
: <input name=perm value='0777'><br>
<input type=submit value='OK'>
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<?
}
else
{
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echo "OK: ".$path;
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277
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278
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280

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281
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282
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284
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291
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297
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302
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305
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:
SEPARATOR = Y
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SORT = 1000
:
SEPARATOR ,
;
SECTION_ID
my_menu;
SORT
;
306
<?
// ""
$aMenuLinks = Array(
Array(
"",
"",
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"SEPARATOR" => "Y",
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),
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)
);
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SECTION_ID = catalog
307
, SECTION_ID
.

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:
<?
// " "
". " (iblock)
$aMenuLinks = Array(
Array(
" ",
"/bitrix/admin/equipment_import.php?lang=ru",
Array(),
Array(
"ALT" => " dbf ",
"SECTION_ID" => "iblock",
"SORT" => "100"
)
)
);
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:
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308

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http://you_site.ru/bitrix/admin/site_checker.php.
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312
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313

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314
PHP
PHP ( > > PHP)
PHP.
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315
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SQL ( > > SQL )
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UPDATE, DELETE, DROP
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PHP- ( > > PHP-)
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316

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317

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318
(
), (
MySQL),
.
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319

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: restore.php , ,
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:
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.
,
.
,
.
:
1.
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(cron);
2.
Unix
unix- (Linux, Freebsd ..)
cron. unix tar bzip
, MySQL mysqldump.

( )
( Bitrix Framework).
:
mysqldump -hhost -uuser -ppass dbname > dump.sql
320
:
tar -czf archive.tar.gz
, :
#!/bin/sh
###### Config ######
doc_root=/home/denis/www/test
host=localhost
username=username
password=secret
database=sitemanager_demo_start
charset=cp1251
###################
cd $doc_root &&
mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $doc_root/bitrix/backup/archive.sql &&
tar -czf $doc_root/bitrix/backup/archive.tar.gz . &&
echo OK
, :
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.
: , ,
.
, ,
, bitrix/backup/ .
&& (,
).
321
, , , ,
, , , .
.

--exclude bitrix/backup/,
, , .
, Bitrix Framework, ,
bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php.
.
#!/bin/sh
doc_root=$1
name=$2
if [ -z $doc_root ]; then
echo Usage: $0 /path/to/document/root [backup_name]
exit
fi
if [ -z $name ]; then
name=backup
fi
dbconn=$doc_root/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php
readcfg() {
grep $1 $dbconn | sed 's/.*"$.*$".*/\1/'
}
host=`readcfg DBHost`
username=`readcfg DBLogin`
password=`readcfg DBPassword`
database=`readcfg DBName`
utf=`grep 'BX_UTF' $dbconn | grep true`
if [ -z "$utf" ]; then
charset=cp1251
else
charset=utf8
322
fi
backup_dir=$doc_root/bitrix/backup
if [ ! -e $backup_dir ]; then
mkdir $backup_dir
fi
cd $doc_root &&
mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
tar -cf $backup_dir/$name.tar $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
rm $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
tar -rf $backup_dir/$name.tar --exclude '*bitrix/tmp/*' --exclude
'*bitrix/updates/*' --exclude '*bitrix/backup/*' --exclude
'*bitrix/*cache/*' . &&
gzip -f -9 $backup_dir/$name.tar &&
echo OK && exit
echo Error
dbconn.php, ,
. . .
bitrix/backup/.
:
( , backup).
, Error.

, - .
, . ,
:

echo OK && exit
find $backup_dir -ctime +7 -exec rm {} \; && echo OK && exit

323
.
- . -
. .
.

mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $backup_dir/$name.sql
mysql -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database < $backup_dir/$name.sql

.
!
.
?
,
, backup.sh, :
chmod +x backup.sh
:
./backup.sh
OK, bitrix/backup backup.tar.gz.
,
: http://portal.ru/bitrix/backup/backup.tar.gz. :
/home/denis/bin/backup.sh /var/www/test f43tg245g2_backup
cron.
, :
crontab -e
324
0 1 * * * /home/denis/bin/backup.sh /var/www/test
f43tg245g2_backup
, ,
:
f43tg245g2_backup_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`
cron (
),
.
Windows
, shell- .
, PHP.
mysqldump, ,
( ).
tar.gz Bitrix Framework ( ,
). : -
, - .
, : -,
E:\WEB. :
e:\web\apache\php e:\web\www\test\backup.php e:\web\www\test
:
$backup_dir/$name.sql");
require($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/modules/main/classes/gener
al/tar_gz.php');
function getmicrotime()
{
list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
}
function Store($path)
325
{
global $arch;
$path = str_replace('\\','/',$path);
if
(preg_match('#^'.$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/backup#',$path)
||
preg_match('#^'.$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/[^/]*cache/#',$pat
h))
return;
$arch->AddFile($path,'',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);
if (is_dir($path))
{
$dir = opendir($path);
while(false !== $file=readdir($dir))
{
if ($file=='.' || $file=='..')
continue;
Store($path.'/'.$file);
}
closedir($dir);
}
}
$arch = new CArchiver($backup_dir.'/'.$name.'.tar.gz', true);
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MaxClients:
:
top Linux, ,
, .
441
- 4-
5 . swap- 4 .
MaxClients 100. apache 250 ,
, 40
apache.
.
, MaxClients ,
.

. ,
Back-end . , 50 . MaxClients 4,
200 . 512
MaxClients 5-10.
Front-end, Back-end,
50
10-20 .

MaxClients
.
! MaxClients ,
90% 100%.

,
.
, Front-end
, Back-end, Front-end
. , Back-end
.
Back-end
MaxClients. , MaxClients = 5,
:
MinSpareServers 5
StartServers 5
MaxClients 5
442
.. , Backend, .

Front-end. Back-end
, .
! MaxClients,
, 5. .
,
( ?show_page_exec_time=Y)
,
,
Back-end. , Front-end
Back-end .
MaxClients,
.
MaxClients
MaxClients .
(
12- )
. MaxClients
, ,
Back-end.
. ,
MaxClients Back-end
, .
! ,

.
(. ).
, :
443
PHP
! 60% -
PHP- .
PHP.
PHP :
Zend Performance Suite
Alternative PHP Cache (APC)
eAccelerator
Turck MMCache
PHP Accelerator
AfterBurner Cache
PHP
Zend Server (CE) APC (Alternative PHP Cache),
, .

PHP-. 32-64 ,
128 ,
.
PHP ,
-, PHP
( ).
-,
PHP,
.
,
PHP. -
.
PHP-
,
session.save_handler=mm php.ini. ,
RAM .
444

PHP
, "1-".

( > >
). PHP:
,
.
.
, .

.
HTML-
, ,
.
Front-End.
Back-End.
:
mod_deflate;
, 1-;
PHP ;
Apache.
445

. , Frontend Apache
"1-: ".

, ,
, NGINX .
IP
Front-end Back-end.
, NGINX : NGINX
, apache (rpaf
real_ip) .
, .
, HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR (
- SQUID),
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php :
if(strlen($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"])>0 &&
$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]=="127.0.0.1")
{
if($p = strrpos($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"], ","))
{
$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] = $REMOTE_ADDR =
trim(substr($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"], $p+1));
$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] =
substr($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"], 0, $p);
}
else
$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]=$REMOTE_ADDR=$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
}
, Apache Back-end KeepAlive.
Front-end , ,
.
446
; Front-End Back-End
,
;

, Back-end
MaxClients, Front-end
Back-end;

Back-end MaxClients,
;

;
Back-end ,
;
PHP;
447

BitrixVM.
:
- Apache Back-end
NGINX Front-end
Zend Server CE PHP ( )
MySQL .

ssh sftp.
- Apache
- /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
( /etc/httpd/httpd.conf). ,
- .
, ( ).
.
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
Timeout 300 # 300 ,
KeepAlive Off #
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} #, -
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} #, -
/etc/apache2/ports.conf:
Listen *:8888 #- 8888
/etc/apache2/envvars:
.
export APACHE_RUN_USER=bitrix
export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=bitrix
/etc/apache2/conf.d/prefork: .
#
StartServers 4 #4
448
MinSpareServers 4
MaxSpareServers 4
MaxClients 4 #4
MaxRequestsPerChild 200 # 200
, - . ,
, -
MaxClients .
: -
-? ,
.
, apache
:
Linux free.
:
# free
total
used
free
shared
buffers
255676
224340
31336
33468
-/+ buffers/cache:
122908
132768
51800
478336
cached
Mem:
67964
Swap:
530136
, ~256 , ~500 swap (

). ~120 ,

top
, top.
apache2:
PID USER
PR
NI
VIRT
RES
SHR S %CPU %MEM
14687 bitrix
20
153m
45m
28m R
6.7 18.2
TIME+
COMMAND
0:05.34 apache2
RES ,
. , 1-
: 50 . ,
449
MaxClients 4 ,
.
, ( -)
- ( VPS) 512 .
- 1 VPS
1 .
Front-end NGINX
NGINX /etc/nginx/.
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
user
bitrix; #, nginx.
apache
worker_processes 8; #8
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid
/var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 10240; #
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 10240; #
.
max_clients = worker_processes * worker_connections, .. 81920
,
}
http {
include
default_type
/etc/nginx/mime.types;
application/octet-stream;
#
log_format
[$time_local] $status'
main
'$remote_addr - $remote_user
'"$request" $body_bytes_sent
"$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
"$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format
common '$remote_addr - [$time_local] "$request" $status $bytes_sent "$http_referer"
"$http_user_agent" $msec';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log common;
sendfile
on;
tcp_nopush
on;
tcp_nodelay
on;
client_max_body_size
10m; #
, "ContentLength"
client_body_buffer_size
128k;
proxy_connect_timeout
300; #
450
proxy_send_timeout
300;
proxy_read_timeout
300;
proxy_buffer_size
64k;
proxy_buffers
8 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size
64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 10m;
gzip on; #
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_types application/x-javascript text/css;
server { #
listen 80; # 80
server_name bitrix; # .

server_name_in_redirect off; # ON

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log common;
index index.php;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
error_page 404 = /404.php;
#

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For
$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:80;
client_max_body_size 1024M; #

client_body_buffer_size 4M;
root /var/www; #
# https .htsecure
if (-f /home/bitrix/www/.htsecure) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
}
#, backend ,

# backend
# ,

NGINX -
backend
location / { expires 3d;
if ($request_method = OPTIONS ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = PROPFIND ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = PROPPATCH ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
451
if ($request_method = MKCOL ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = COPY ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = MOVE ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = LOCK ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($request_method = UNLOCK ) {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
}
location ~
^(/extranet/docs|/docs|/workgroups|/company/profile|/bitrix/tools|/com
pany/personal/user).*/$ {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~
^(/extranet/docs|/docs|/workgroups|/company/profile|/bitrix/tools|/com
pany/personal/user) {
if (-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)(/*)$ $1/ last;
}
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~ ^(/bitrix/html_pages)
{
root /var/www;
index index@.html;
if (!-f $request_filename)
{
rewrite
^/bitrix/html_pages(.*)@(.*)\.html$ $1.php?$2 break;
rewrite ^/bitrix/html_pages(.*)\.html$
$1\.php break;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root
/var/www;
if ($request_method = POST ) {
break;
452
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($http_cookie !~ "PHPSESSID=" ) {
rewrite ^(.*)\.php$
/bitrix/html_pages$1@$args.html? last;
}
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~ /$ {
root
/var/www;
if ($request_method = POST ) {
break;
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
if ($http_cookie !~ "PHPSESSID=" ) {
rewrite ^(.*)/$
/bitrix/html_pages$1/index@$args.html? last;
}
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~ (/|\.php|\.asmx)$ {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
location ~ /favicon.ico {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
}
location ~ ^(/bitrixsetup\.php)$ {
proxy_pass
http://127.0.0.1:8888;
proxy_buffering off;
}
}
# https ()
}
NGINX ,
Back-end . ,
NGINX.
.
NGINX
www.nginx.ru wiki.nginx.org.
453
NGINX
, NGINX,
, :
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif)$ {
root
/var/www;
access_log
off;
expires
3d;
}
jpg, jpeg gif
NGINX, /var/www.
454

MySQL, Oracle, MSSQL
.
,
.
,
, . ..
.
.

,
:
;
,
;
;
,
.

, ,
;
;
,
,
;
SQL ;
,

.
,
.
,
.
60-80%
.
455

, (MySQL\Oracle),
(
max_connections processes ).
Front-end/Back-end

.
MaxClients - Back-end,
,
.
max_connections ,
1020% .
MySQL
MySQL-
,
.
MySQL MyISAM.
. ,
,

.
MyISAM
. ,
MySQL MyISAM ,
.

MySQL.
InnoDB.
InnoDB, MySQL 4.0,
,
.
, InnoDB
MyISAM:
1. . MyISAM , ,
, .
456
(, ) .
InnoDB . , .
, .
, .
InnoDB:
; (
InnoDB MyISAM ).
2. . MyISAM ,
, . ,
.
.
InnoDB ( ),
, , MyISAM.
InnoDB :
> > SQL
:
SHOW TABLES
.
:
ALTER TABLE < >, type=InnoDB
FAQ InnoDB.
InnoDB
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php :
define("MYSQL_TABLE_TYPE", "InnoDB");
InnoDB

.
!
InnoDB.
InnoDB
my.cnf MySQL InnoDB innodb_*.
:
set-variable
set-variable
set-variable
set-variable
set-variable
set-variable
=
=
=
=
=
=
innodb_buffer_pool_size=250M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=50M
innodb_file_io_threads=8
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
457
:
, , set-variable
= innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0.
MyISAM , InnoDB
.
, ,
. 6080%
.
: (multithreading) MySQL

.
2 ,
FreeBSD/Linux:
set-variable = table_cache=4096
250 ,
.
set-variable = key_buffer_size=16M
set-variable = sort_buffer=8M
set-variable = read_buffer_size=16M
MyISAM. MyISAM,
.
set-variable = query_cache_size=64M
set-variable = query_cache_type=1
. 32 (
Qcache_lowmem_prunes). - 1
, .
set-variable = innodb_buffer_pool_size=780M
, .
set-variable = innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
, .
set-variable = innodb_log_file_size=100M
set-variable = innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
458
-,
. -
innodb_buffer_pool_size ( ).
set-variable = innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
,
set-variable = tmp_table_size=32m
32 .
join_buffer_size 2 ,
.
set-variable = join_buffer_size = 2M
InnoDB
.
,
. , MyISAM
InnoDB ,
, innodb_buffer_pool_size.

InnoDB.
! -
MyISAM, MySQL
,
. 6080%
.
459
Oracle
1C-:
Oracle 9i 10g.
Oracle
. Oracle
,
,
, .
Oracle
-.
Oracle Oracle
,
.
.
60-80%
:
db_cache_size
shared_pool_size
pga_aggregate_target
Oracle 10, Automatic Shared Memory
Management:
, % , 6080%
SGA_MAX_SIZE
, Oracle
( )
SGA_TARGET .
swap,
swap
100 MB.
SGA (shared_pool)
SQL-, ,

cursor_sharing = FORCE
cursor_sharing = SIMILAR
:
460
begin dbms_stats.set_param( 'METHOD_OPT', 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE 1'

end;
);
Oracle , -,
IPC (PROTOCOL = IPC) (KEY = EXTPROC)
IP-.
Front-end Back-end
MaxClients,
PHP Oracle (Persistent connection),
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php:
define("DBPersistent",true);
: Oracle 10g R2,
(Enhanced COMMIT) , -
.
,

.
, : COMMIT_WRITE='BATCH,NOWAIT'.
-
MySQL
MySQL
BitrixVM.
/etc/mysql/ MySQL .
(, 512
). , /etc/mysql/conf.d/bvat.cnf:
256 :
[mysqld]
query_cache_size=32M
512 :
[mysqld]
query_cache_size=48M
461
, 512 :
256 :
# free
total
used
free
shared
buffers
255676
224340
31336
33468
-/+ buffers/cache:
122908
132768
51800
478336
total
used
free
shared
buffers
515572
299208
216364
6944
-/+ buffers/cache:
105928
409644
530136
cached
Mem:
67964
Swap:
530136
512 :
# free
cached
Mem:
186336
Swap:
530136
, BitrixVM ,
.
, .
:
.
/etc/mysql/conf.d/2_bx_custom.cnf.
462

,
,
, 1C-:
.
:
, ,
.

- .
:
" "
" " ()
()
()
. ()
()

( > > >
).
463
URL -
,
URL' , .
- SQL .
SQL ( >
> SQL ).
PHP - PHP.
PHP ( >
> PHP).
-
.
( > >
).
,
, :
: (::).
-
.
: Bitrix Framework
.

, :
464
:
SQL-, .

.
:
- SQL-, ,
;
SQL- - SQL-,
;
- (,
);
- ;
- .
SQL- :
SQL
(. ).
465

SQL-
:
:
466

.
.

,
: n,
, :
, :
467
:
.
.

, ( >
):
SQL ;
PHP;
PHP.
468
(
>
> ) :
469

: ( >
> ) :
>>
:
470
:
( > )

>> :
( > > ),
:
471
( )
SQL SQL .

.
472
(
>
> )
:
SQL
SQL .
473
SQL
(
> SQL ) SQL:
>
: ,
.

:
474

( > > )
:
475
: ,
,
(n),
.

.
:
11
.
- , b_search_content_stem
476
SEARCH_CONTENT_ID=381.
477
b_search_content_stem,
,
.
478
PHP
: PHP ( >
> PHP)
PHP.
PHP
PHP (phpinfo).
>
479
( >
PHP
: PHP ( >
> PHP (N))
PHP, N - .
480
: ,
PHP.
(
>
>
).

. ,
: ,
, .
, ,
, .
.
"" .
,
.
, SQL
. , ,
.
481
- ,
( 10 ).
.. ( = 19,54) ,
(, ),
1/19,54 0,0512 . ,
19 (, ) .

, , . ,
( ).
.
- ,
.
482
php.
php ,
,
. Zend
Server CE - . ,
, ( )
APC, EAccelerator, XCache.
open_basedir.
shared ,
, : open_basedir,
.
.
apache
. VPS
open_basedir !
-.
nginx.
,
: (, , )
nginx apache.
apache: !
.
InnoDB,
.
mysqltuner.pl,
MySQL.
.
RAID : Linux
open source ,
.
.
PHP CGI.
PHP, CGI ( FastCGI) .
php-
PHP. ,
.
483

,
, PHP, PHP,
.
- , .
- , .
(CPU). .
,
. VPS, , ""
.
. ,
PHP : , ,
.
PHP .
, PHP ( ).
. hosting_test@bitrix.ru.
: "This is test message. Delete it."
! cron,
.
. ,
. ,
PHP ,
.
(//).
. : ,
. ,
,
. .

,
,
.
484

,
.
, , , .
:
.
, 20
.
485
/catalog/furniture/index.php:
/catalog/furniture/index.php
, URL
.
,
/catalog/furniture/office 2 ,
0,5 . , ,
- SQL-.
, .
.
17 /catalog/furniture/office.
486
, , SQL-
. 17 ,
.
SQL- (
). , , ( 3)
, ?
:
>> . .
,
:
487
, ( >
), , . ,
, .
, ,
:
:
.
488

10.0
-
:
. , .
489
.
, ,
.
, .
.
/bitrix/php_interface/init.php.
,
. /bitrix/php_interface/init.php
.
.
, .
,
, (, 10 , .. 0,1 .
).
- , ,
, .
:
.

.
, :
.

.

.
,
.
-
. wget,
Linux/Unix BitrixVM.
, ,
.
,
.
,
:
490
cd /tmp
mkdir test1
cd test1
rm -rf localhost
wget -m http://localhost
rm -rf localhost
rm -rf localhost
2 . ,
, CTRL+C.
!
.
( > > ).
1- wget:
491

php.
, php ,
.
, open_basedir.
, , , :
. ,
404 .
.
:
. MySQL . 5-
,
.
492

1-:
- Windows Linux ,
-.

, 1-:
MySQL 5
Apache 2.2
PHP 5.3
Catdoc
xpdf
msmtp
1 .
1C-: ,
- -
Linux.
1C-:
VMware (Player, ESX(i)
Server, Workstation) Microsoft Hyper-V.
.
493
7.
,
, "1-: ".

1-: ,
.
,
.
- ,
. :
,
(cron);
Unix
unix (Linux, Freebsd ..)
cron. unix tar bzip
, MySQL - mysqldump.

( )
( Bitrix Framework).
, :
mysqldump -hhost -uuser -ppass dbname > dump.sql
:
tar -czf archive.tar.gz
, :
#!/bin/sh
###### Config ######
doc_root=/home/denis/www/test
host=localhost
494
username=username
password=secret
database=sitemanager_demo_start
charset=cp1251
###################
cd $doc_root &&
mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $doc_root/bitrix/backup/archive.sql &&
tar -czf $doc_root/bitrix/backup/archive.tar.gz . &&
echo OK
, :
( DOCUMENT_ROOT phpinfo),
. UTF-8 utf8,
.
, , .
, ,
, bitrix/backup .
&& (,
).
, , , ,
, , , .
.

--exclude bitrix/backup,
, , .
, Bitrix Framework, ,
bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php.
.
#!/bin/sh
495
doc_root=$1
name=$2
if [ -z $doc_root ]; then
echo Usage: $0 /path/to/document/root [backup_name]
exit
fi
if [ -z $name ]; then
name=backup
fi
dbconn=$doc_root/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php
readcfg() {
grep $1 $dbconn | sed 's/.*"$.*$".*/\1/'
}
host=`readcfg DBHost`
username=`readcfg DBLogin`
password=`readcfg DBPassword`
database=`readcfg DBName`
utf=`grep 'BX_UTF' $dbconn | grep true`
if [ -z "$utf" ]; then
charset=cp1251
else
charset=utf8
fi
496
backup_dir=$doc_root/bitrix/backup
if [ ! -e $backup_dir ]; then
mkdir $backup_dir
fi
cd $doc_root &&
mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
tar -cf $backup_dir/$name.tar $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
rm $backup_dir/$name.sql &&
tar -rf $backup_dir/$name.tar --exclude '*bitrix/tmp/*' --exclude
'*bitrix/updates/*' --exclude '*bitrix/backup/*' --exclude
'*bitrix/*cache/*' . &&
gzip -f -9 $backup_dir/$name.tar &&
echo OK && exit
echo Error
dbconn.php, ,
. , . .
bitrix/backup.
:
( , backup).
, Error.

, - .
, . ,
:

echo OK && exit
497
find $backup_dir -ctime +7 -exec rm {} \; && echo OK && exit

.
- . -
. .
.
mysqldump -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-characterset=$charset $database > $backup_dir/$name.sql
mysql -h$host -u$username -p$password --default-character-set=$charset

$database < $backup_dir/$name.sql
.
!
.
?
,
, backup.sh, :
chmod +x backup.sh
:
./backup.sh
OK, bitrix/backup backup.tar.gz.
,
: http://portal.ru/bitrix/backup/backup.tar.gz/ :
/home/denis/bin/backup.sh /var/www/test f43tg245g2_backup
cron.
, :
crontab -e
f43tg245g2_backup
498
, ,
:
f43tg245g2_backup_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`
cron (
),
.
Windows
, shell .
, PHP.
mysqldump, ,
( ).
tar.gz Bitrix Framework ( ,
). : -
, - .
, : -,
E:\WEB. :
e:\web\apache\php e:\web\www\test\backup.php e:\web\www\test
:
<?
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] = $argv[1];
if (!$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'])
die('Usage: '.basename(__FILE__).' /path/to/document/root'."\n");
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] =
str_replace('\\','/',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);
$name = $argv[2] ? $argv[2] : 'backup';
require($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php');
499
ini_set('max_execution_time',0);
$charset = defined('BX_UTF') && BX_UTF ? 'utf8' : 'cp1251';
$backup_dir = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/backup';
if (!file_exists($backup_dir))
mkdir($backup_dir);
shell_exec("mysqldump -h$DBHost -u$DBLogin -p$DBPassword --defaultcharacter-set=$charset $DBName > $backup_dir/$name.sql");
require($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/modules/main/classes/genera
l/tar_gz.php');
function getmicrotime()
{
list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
}
function Store($path)
{
global $arch;
$path = str_replace('\\','/',$path);
if
(preg_match('#^'.$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/backup#',$path) ||
preg_match('#^'.$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/bitrix/[^/]*cache/#',$path
))
return;
$arch->AddFile($path,'',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);
if (is_dir($path))
{
500
$dir = opendir($path);
while(false !== $file=readdir($dir))
{
if ($file=='.' || $file=='..')
continue;
Store($path.'/'.$file);
}
closedir($dir);
}
}
$arch = new CArchiver($backup_dir.'/'.$name.'.tar.gz', true);

$arch->_openWrite();
$arch->AddFile("$backup_dir/$name.sql",'',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);
Store($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);
$arch->_close();
unlink("$backup_dir/$name.sql");
?>
, unix ,
php .
501
IIS 6
PHP ISAPI-
Microsoft Windows IIS 6.0.
1-: PHP 4.1.2
.
PHP 5 IIS
7.
PHP
, PHP .
PHP :
PHP 4.1.2 , .
http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
. , :\php\.
: :\,
, Windows.
php.ini-recommended php.ini.
php.ini x:\Windows.
php.ini .
:
extension_dir =
:
extension_dir = x:\php\extensions
:
doc_root =
:
doc_root = "x:\Inetpub\wwwroot"
:
502
:
.
php4ts.dll, x:\php\,
x:\Windows\System32.
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Internet
Information Services (IIS) Manager.
Web Sites (
Default Web Site).
,
Properties.
Home Directory.
Application settings Execute Permissions
Scripts and Executables.
, (Application settings) Configuration.
Mappings.
Mapping
,
.
Add, ISAPI DLL php.
:
o
Executable: Browse
php4isapi.dll :
x:\php\sapi\php4isapi.dll;
Extension: .php;
Verify that file exists.

Script Engine.
OK .
Web Service Extensions IIS.
Add a New Web service
extension.
Required file Add ,
(.php) ISAPI- php4isapi.dll.
x:\php\sapi\php4isapi.dll.
503
Set extension status Allowed.

OK.
index.php
:
Web Sites.
Properties.
Documents.
Add.
Add content Page.
index.php.
OK.
index.php .
Move Up, .
, OK.
, IIS,
.
PHP
test.php.

<? phpinfo(); ?>
.

PHP.
http://localhost/test.php,
PHP.
504
,
:
MySQL MyISAM.
:
MySQL

( >
).
.
MyISAM

>

:
( > >
).
/ .
,
.
:

MySQL MyISAM;
505
.

.
: (login)
(password) .
:
http://www.mysite.ru/bitrix/admin/repair_db.php?login=DB_Login&
password=DB_Password.
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php. ,
, .
, ,
$DBDebug = true;.
, , ,
.
, .
:
:
DB query error. Please try later.
:
/bitrix/php_interface/dbconn.php
$DBDebug=true;
1-: http://dev.1c-bitrix.ru/support/.
:
:
MySQL Query Error: LOCK TABLE b_agent WRITE[Access denied for user: '
user @%' to database 'dab_test']
:
4- MySQL LOCK .
LOCK TABLES
.
506

администрирование сайта

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1-:

BITRIXSETUP ................................................................. 104

IIS ...................................................................... 126

- FRONT-END BACK-END .............................. 436

IIS 6 ............................................................................................. 502

.htaccess -, .. (httpd.conf) : AllowOverride All

PHP Apache ( , PHP CGI,

upload_tmp_dir = < >

upload_max_filesize = < >

.htaccess : php_flag session.use_trans_sid off

RSS RSS 0.92 2.0. RSS

1C: 7.7 8..

Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista/Server 2003/2008/7;

(: > > - >

(, C:/Program Files/Bitrix Environment/).

Innodb. InnoDB MySQL ,

#Bitrix Env replace()

( > Marketplace >

- IIS FastCGI Next

MySQL : 4.1.11, 5.0 ;

PHP (APC, eAccelerator

PHP Apache (CGI

show variables where Variable_name = 'character_set_server';

> > >

> > - > Uninstall

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

2. PHP php_value display_errors 1, ,

5. AddType application/x-httpd-php .ico

500 - Internal Server Error

, PHP CGI, 500

1C-: VMWare Studio

VMWare Server 1.0 ;

VMWare ESX 3.0 ;

VMWare ESXi 3.5 ;

VMWare Workstation 6.0 ;

VMWare Player 2.0 ;

VMWare Fusion 1.1 .

BitrixVM VMWare Player

localhost.localdom login Password

0. Virtual appliance information

1. Mail sending system parameters

2. Disable/Enable HTTP access (HTTPS only) /

3. Enable/Disable ZendServerCE control panel /

4. Change root password ;

5. Change bitrix password bitrix;

6. Virtual server reboot ;

7. Virtual server shutdown ;

8. Set PHP timezone from Operating System setting

9. Create master mode - -;

10. Add slave node - (

11. Make slave node a master node -

12. Add additional site -

13. NTLM authentication - NTLM .

Mail sending subsystem settings,

SMTP server name .

Default sender address

SMTP , SMTP authorization

Save changes Yes.

"CACHE_PATH" => "Y",

<img> : src, alt, class, style

<? ........ ?>

(delimiter) : (,), (;),

$file_perm = $perm ^ 0111;

find $backup_dir -ctime +7 -exec rm {} \; && echo OK && exit