NOTES
Freshman physics lab is the laboratory work in physics for the first year students. Lab is a shortened
word from laboratory.
Shortening is one of the ways of enlarging the English vocabulary. There are two main types of
shortenings: clipped words and initial abbreviations.
Clipping is the result of reducing a word to one of its parts. A word may be clipped at the beginning,
at the end or part of it may be omitted in the middle, e. g.
Clipped words are mostly characteristic of colloquial speech. Initial abbreviations are produced by
shortening word-groups to initial letters or syllables, e. g.
In some cases only the first component of a word-group is shortened, the second one undergoing no
changes at all, e. g.
-ful is an adjective-forming suffix which is usually added to nominal bases imparting to them the
meaning of full of, abounding in or causing, giving, e. g.
When added to a verbal base, the suffix -ful gives the derived adjective the meaning of inclined,
tending to, e. g.
There is another adjective-forming suffix in English similar in meaning to the suffix -ful: -y - full of,
tending to, e. g.
In many cases nominal bases may take both one of the synonymous suffixes (-ful, -y) and the
antonymous suffix -less, thus forming pairs of adjective with opposite meanings, e. g.
painful - painless
noisy - noiseless
3. At Columbia
Note that no article is used with names of universities and colleges: London University, Eton
college. But: The University of London.
The East Side is the part of New York City lying to the east of Fifth Avenue, where the world's
richest residential district, the Upper East Side, is situated.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
The predicate verb in object clauses dependent on the verb to wish describes an unreal situation.
The tense form of the predicate verb in the object clause shows the relations between the actions
expressed in the principal clause and in the subordinate (object) clause:
a) The Past Indefinite shows that the action in the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of
the principal clause.
He wished he knew more about his fellow-students. Он хотел бы больше знать о своих
однокурсниках.
b) The Past Perfect shows that the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal
clause.
You will wish you had controlled yourself and Вы пожалеете, что не сдержались и не ответили
answered all his questions. на все его вопросы.
Note: The same rules hold true for the use of tense forms in clauses of comparison introduced by as
if, as though.
He looked at me as if he didn't believe a word of Он смотрел на меня так, как будто не верил ни
what I was saying. одному слову из того, что я говорил.
You speak as if you had read a lot on the problem. Вы говорите так, как будто много читали по
этому вопросу.
с) When the action of the subordinate clause follows that of the principal clause the predicate in the
subordinate clause is generally expressed by could or might + infinitive.
Erik wished he could (might) start working Эрику хотелось бы начать работу немедленно.
immediately.
Would + infinitive may be found in the subordinate clause only if the subjects in the clauses are
different. It makes the wish more emphatic.
The use of would + infinitive often implies that the person expressed by the subject of the
subordinate clause does not want to perform the action.
I wish he would tell me everything. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы он мне все
рассказал.
Note: The verb to be may have the form were for all persons singular and plural. The form were is
traditionally termed the Past Subjunctive.
I wish it were true (or: I wish it was true). Жаль, что это неправда (как бы мне хотелось,
чтобы это было правдой).
Note: As all the forms of the predicate verb in object clauses (after the verb to wish) denote unreal
actions they very often serve as expressions of regret rather than wish and are accordingly translated into
Russian by the expression жаль, the verb сожалеть etc.
I wish I had the book, (a) Жаль, что у меня нет этой книги.
I wish I had told her about it. (a) Жаль, что я не сказал ей об этом.
I wished Thomas hadn't brought me here, (b) Я сожалел, что Томас привел меня сюда.
If the verb in the object clause is affirmative in English, it is negative in Russian (a) and vice versa
(b).
The modal verbs must, may, can used with the perfect or continuous infinitive express various
degrees of supposition, i. e. probability, doubt, incredulity.
a) The verb must in such cases expresses a high degree of supposition, almost certainty. The
Russian equivalents are должно быть, вероятно.
He must have worked the whole summer. He looks Он, должно быть, работал все лето. Он выглядит
tired. усталым.
Note: The verb must in this meaning is not used with the particle not. To express negation lexical
means are used.
He must have been out when I rang him up. Его, должно быть, не было дома, когда я
позвонила ему.
Evidently he did not know anything about it. Он, должно быть, ничего не знал об этом.
She may be staying with her friends at a place they Она, возможно, гостит у своих друзей в Москве.
have in Moscow.
Don't be angry with him. He may not have known Не сердись на него. Он, может быть, ничего об
about it. этом не знал.
с) The verb can expresses doubt (in interrogative sentences) or incredulity (in negative sentences).
The Russian equivalents are неужели, не может быть.
The form of the infinitive shows the time reference of the action. The perfect infinitive is used when
the action refers to the past, the continuous infinitive refers the action to the present.
She must have done some research work in this Должно быть, она занималась исследовательской
field. работой в этой области.
She must be doing some research work in this field. Должно быть, она занимается исследовательской
работой в этой области.
3. Used to
Used to expresses recurrent actions or typical states in the past; it implies contrast between the
present and the past - what was typical of the past is no longer true at present.
This kind of house used to cost £ 4,000. Такой дом когда-то стоил 4 000 фунтов.
He used to come here every other day. Он, бывало, приходил сюда через день.
Note: Would do can also denote recurrent actions in the past but its use is stylistically restricted.
4. Now (that)
The conjunction now that (also without that) means as, considering that, in view of the fact
that... The Russian equivalents are теперь, когда..., раз... .
Now (that) you are well again, you may return to Раз вы здоровы, вы можете приступить опять к
your studies. занятиям.
VOCABULARY
to shake vt
a) cause to move from side to side, up and down, etc - трясти to shake a rug - трясти,
вытряхивать ковер
to shake one's head (at) - качать головой (в знак несогласия, сомнения, укоризны,
неодобрения и т. п.)
Не shook hands with me and thanked me heartily. Он пожал мне руку и сердечно поблагодарил
меня.
We shook hands and I left. Мы обменялись рукопожатием, и я ушел.
They were badly shaken by the news. Они были потрясены этим известием.
Their gift greatly surprised and pleased her. Их подарок очень удивил и обрадовал ее.
He astonished his friends by his sudden departure. Он чрезвычайно удивил своих друзей внезапным
отъездом.
То amaze, though it carries the idea of great astonishment, stresses rather bewilderment, perplexity,
or wonder.
I was amazed at the breadth of their interests. Я была поражена широтой их интересов.
All three verbs are commonly used in passive constructions followed by an infinitive or a
prepositional object (generally with the prepositionat).
I was not at all surprised to hear her answer. I knew Я совсем не удивилась, услышав ее ответ. Я ее
her only too well. слишком хорошо знала.
We were surprised at finding the house empty. Мы удивились, обнаружив, что в доме никого не
было.
I was astonished to discover that what he had told Я был изумлен, обнаружив, что то, что он сказал
me was a lie. мне, было неправдой.
I am amazed at his outrageous behaviour. He has Я поражена (не знаю, что и думать) его
always been : such a quiet young fellow. возмутительным поведением. Он всегда был
таким спокойным.
sympathy n (for) - сочувствие
He felt sympathy for the young man (felt sorry for Он посочувствовал молодому человеку.
him).
We all sympathized with the poor girl when we Мы все сочувствовали бедной девушке, когда
heard that she had lost her parents. услышали, что она потеряла родителей.
to make a poor (good, great, favourable) impression (on) - производить плохое (хорошее,
огромное, благоприятное) впечатление
The speech made a strong impression on the House. Речь произвела сильное впечатление в палате
общин.
"Don't make fun of me," she pleaded. "Don't laugh "He дразни меня, не смейся надо мной", -
at me." просила она.
After he had lost his job the family could hardly После того, как он потерял работу, семья едва
make (both) ends meet. сводила концы с концами.
to expect vt
a) feel sure that somebody or something will come and be waiting - ждать, ожидать
We expected him for dinner, but he did not come. Мы ждали его к обеду, но он не пришел.
I expect a letter from him in a week. Я надеюсь получить от него письмо через
неделю.
The verb to wait is synonymous with the verb to expect in the first meaning (a).
Don't go out. Wait till mother comes. He уходи. Подожди, пока придет мама.
to wait for smb to do smth; to wait for smth to happen
I can't wait for her to come back. Я не могу ждать, пока она вернется.
Everybody waited for the meeting to begin. Все ждали начала собрания (когда начнется
собрание).
to have no intention (hope, idea) of doing smth - не иметь намерения (надежды, мысли)
сделать что-л.
Erik had no intention of saying anything about his У Эрика не было намерения говорить о своих
personal affairs. личных делах.
The car broke down and they had no hope (hadn't a Машина сломалась, и у них не было (никакой)
hope) of getting to the station in time. надежды добраться до станции вовремя.
// can't help but do - не может не сделать (chiefly AE,*colloq). You might expect to hear it in the
casual conversation of educated persons. //
Can't help doing is very common in BE, cannot but do is more formal.
8. ... the whole Hallingworth family came down to the station to see me off.
to see smb off (at the station, at the airport) - посадить, проводить (на поезд, на самолет)
to show smb to, into, in, out - go with a person, show him the way to, into, out of a place -
проводить до места, провести внутрь, вводить в помещение, выводить наружу
Не showed me into a small room with a desk in it. Он провел меня в маленькую комнату, в которой
стоял письменный стол.
Show her in. Проведите ее сюда.
to drive vt & i
a) to drive a railway engine, a motor-car, a tram or other vehicle - водить машину, трамвай и т.
п.
to drive with caution, carefully, recklessly, at a great speed, in the right (wrong) direction, etc.
- вести машину осторожно, лихо, на большой скорости, в нужном (не в том) направлении и т. п.
b) to drive to - travel somewhere in a car (or other vehicle) which is at one's individual disposal -
ехать куда-л. на машине
Shall we drive to the theatre or walk? It's not far. Мы поедем в театр на машине или пойдем
пешком? Это недалеко.
The Russian phrase ехать (куда-л.) на чем-л. (на машине, на автобусе, на поезде и т. п.) can be
rendered in English by the combinationto go (somewhere) by car, by bus, by train, etc.
We went there by bus, but Mother and Father took a Мы поехали туда на автобусе, а мама и папа на
taxi. такси.
// Note: The combination to ride in (a bus, train, etc - i. e. nouns denoting public vehicles) means to
be in; to sit in and be carried by.
While riding in a bus the other day, I met an old На днях (когда я ехала) в автобусе я встретила
acquaintance of mine. свою старую приятельницу. //
с) to drive smb to - take somebody somewhere in a private car - not in a public vehicle - отвозить
кого-л. куда-л. на машине
to save vt & i
a) keep for future use, put aside (money) - приберегать, оставлять, копить (деньги)
David saved enough money to buy a car. Давид скопил достаточно денег, чтобы купить
машину.
It'll save you a lot of time if you go there by car. Вы сэкономите много времени, если поедете
туда на машине.
It'll save him a lot of trouble if he speaks to her at Это избавит его от (он избежит) многих
once. неприятностей, если он поговорит с ней сейчас
же.
This saved us a lot of trouble. Это избавило нас от многих хлопот.
to offer vt - hold out in the hand or express in words something which may be accepted or refused -
предлагать кому-л. что-л.
to offer smb a cup of tea, a cigarette, money, help, work, friendship, etc.
The hostess offered me a cup of tea. Хозяйка предложила мне чашку чая.
She fell behind the group during her illness and her Она отстала от группы во время болезни, и
comrades offered her their help. товарищи предложили ей свою помощь.
to offer to do smth - be ready to do something if it is wanted; volunteer (one who offers does it
oneself) - предложить; вызваться сделать что-л.
Harris suggested a trip down the river. Харрис предложил отправиться в путешествие
по реке.
She suggested (their) staying at her place. Она предложила (им) остановиться у нее.
He put out the candle and fell into a deep sleep. Он погасил свечу и погрузился в глубокий сон.
The fire had gone out and the room felt cold. Огонь в камине погас, и в комнате было холодно.
to turn out (off), on the light, radio, gas; water, etc - выключать, включать свет и т. п.;
закрывать, открывать воду, кран
Turn off the hot water (tap). Закрой кран с горячей водой.
to switch off, on the light, radio, TV set, etc (used when speaking of an electric circuit) -
выключать, включать
to dismiss vt - отпускать
a) allow to leave, send away - отпускать
The teacher dismissed the class as soon as the bell Учитель отпустил учеников, как только
rang. прозвенел звонок.
One by one Mr. Smith asked me to dismiss the Одного за другим я увольнял наших слуг по
servants. He did not trust them. требованию м-ра Смита. Он не доверял им.
"They will give us the sack, if we don't support "Они нас уволят, если мы их не поддержим", -
them," Henry Fox said. сказал Генри Фокс.
The cook was afraid that they would fire him. Повар боялся, что его уволят.
like smb, smth - in the same or a similar way as, in the manner of - как, подобным образом
If everyone worked like him, we could finish in a Если бы все работали, как он, мы бы смогли
week. кончить через неделю.
They are behaving like children. She refused to be Они ведут себя, как дети. Она возражала против
treated like an invalid. того, чтобы с ней обращались как с больной.
As is generally used after the verbs to regard, to view, to represent, to treat (считать,
рассматривать) and other verbs similar in meaning.
Most people regarded him as a clever man. Многие считали его умным.
All my life you've treated me as a child (as a Всю мою жизнь вы относились ко мне, как к
stranger, etc). You can't treat that as a joke. ребенку. Это нельзя считать шуткой.
Most people considered him a brilliant physicist. Многие считали его гениальным физиком.
Thus, the essential difference between like and as (in the meaning of как) is that like implies the
manner or way of acting (behaving) in a particular case, whereas as stresses the general attitude of a
person to something or someone.
to check oneself - stop oneself from saying or doing anything when one is just going to do it -
сдержаться; остановиться (и не сказать или не сделать что-л.)
I was about to tell the young man what I thought - of Я хотел было сказать молодому человеку, что я
him, but checked myself in time. думал о нем, но вовремя остановился.
to control oneself - not let oneself get angry or cry or show one's emotions - сдерживаться;
сохранять самообладание
She controlled herself and said in. a steady voice, Она сдержалась и сказала твердым голосом: "Мы
"We are no friends any longer." больше не друзья".
to pull oneself together - get control of oneself (used when a person is in a state of agitation, rage,
despair, etc) - сдерживаться, взять себя в руки
You'd better pull yourself together, you can't do Возьмите себя в руки. Вы ничего не можете
anything in such a state. делать в таком состоянии.
*
AE - the American vAuaat ai English- RE - the British variant of English.
EXERCISES
1. He sat up straight as though prepared for any onslaught. 2. He saw the bright watchful face and
the eager intelligence it held. 3. You'll be teaching freshman physics lab while you take your own courses
towards your doctorate. 4. You'll probably find the first year rather confusing and hard work between the
two schedules. 5. Mrs. Fox and I hold an open house for all the members of the staff. 6. Erik was silent
for the time of two long breaths. 7. His dark gaze never moved from Fox's face. 8. ... and the words came
tumbling out faster and faster to ease the pressure in his throat. 9. I couldn't see myself sponging on him.
10. Erik put out the cigarette as if he had just become aware of the extent of his rambling.
to wear; to rise; to shake; to hold; to set; to break; to mean; to grow; to drive; to quit; to win; to sit;
to fail; to sell
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences. Use them
in situations based on the text:
IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them(if necessary). When
expressing disagreement make sure you begin your answers with such commonly accepted phrases
as:
I don't think that's quite right; You are not quite right (there); I'm afraid that's (completely) wrong;
That's not quite true; I wouldn't say so; Oh, no, quite (on) the contrary (the opposite); As far as I
remember
1. Professor Fox had never heard of Erik Gorin. 2. Erik spoke hesitatingly and his words showed his
agitation. 3. Professor Fox felt sorry for the young man and he said so. 4. Erik didn't make a favourable
impression on Professor Fox. 5. That year they had taken on a lot of new assistants, hadn't they? 6.
Professor Fox believed that things would straighten out for Erik after a while, didn't he? 7. There was a
certain field of physics in which Erik was especially interested, wasn't there? 8. Professor Fox urged Erik
to choose the field of physics he would specialize in. 9. Most of the
professors were already back after the summer holiday, weren't they? 10. Professor Fox asked Erik to
give him his address. 11. Professor Fox was anxious to know how Gorin had passed the summer, wgsn't
he? 12. Professor Fox was not at all surprised at Erik's outburst of emotion. 13. Erik came to Professor
Fox with the intention of discussing his personal affairs with him, didn't he? 14. Erik didn't enjoy his
summer, did he? 15. Erik spent the whole summer in Wisconsin. 16. Erik had to walk all the way to
Cleveland. 17. The fellow who gave Erik a lift to Cleveland didn't like his car; he was anxious to get rid
of it and buy another. 18. The fellow who gave Erik a lift out of Cleveland told him about a vacancy at a
gas station. 19. The owner of the station offered Erik a job for good pay. 20. Three weeks later Erik was
sacked by the owner. 21. When Erik arrived in New York Professor Fox was already back from his
vacation, wasn't he? 22. Erik couldn't make up his mind what he wanted to do in life. 23. Professor Fox
dismissed Erik Gorin after a short formal interview, didn't he? 24. Professor Fox was not a famous
scientist.
1. Erik was happy to get the appointment at Columbia. 2. Erik had a difficult time during the
summer months. 3. Erik felt scared in Professor Fox's presence, but he wanted to make a good impression
on him. 4. Professor Fox liked the new assistant and tried to put him at ease. 5. Professor Fox was not
uninterested in Erik's story.
VII. Talk about: a) Erik's summer experience; b) Erik's interview with Professor Fox; c) Professor
Fox's first impression of Erik Gorin.
3. Erik Gorin and the man whose place he had taken at the gas station.
4. Professor Fox and his wife (Fox's impression of the new assistant).
I'm sure; I see; I really can't; I'm afraid not; I shouldn't wonder; I'm awfully sorry; It's awfully kind
of you; Why, what's wrong with it?; Good heavens!; Nothing in particular; That's too bad; Why not do...?;
Naturally; Certainly
X. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
XI. Group the following adjectives according to the meaning of their suffix and translate them into
Russian. Dsrive antonymous adjectives wherever possible using the suffix -less:
useful (tool); risky (business); hopeful (student); forgetful (pupil); sunny (day); shaky (table); fearful
(accident); careful (work); lucky (day); thankful (children); faulty (plan); cheerful (smile); brainy (bാy);
thoughtful (friend)
XII. Find noun-building suffixes in the text and use them to derive nouns from the following verbs
and adjectives:
XIV. Write out in full the following abbreviations and memorize them:
YCL, CMEA, TUG, UNESCO, BBC, NATO, RAF, RM, A-bomb, NY(C), UK
1. Как бы мне хотелось купить этот словарь! Но, говорят, его распродали (to be sold out). 2.
Жаль, что здесь нет телефона! 3. Хорошо бы нам жить в одном доме. 4. Вечером пошел сильный
дождь. Как я пожалела, что не взяла зонт! 5. Должно быть, она ждет нас у входа в институт. 6. Не
может быть, чтобы он забыл о нашей встрече. Должно быть, что-то случилось. Он, возможно,
опоздал на автобус. 7. Неужели он сказал это вам? Вы, вероятно, его неправильно поняли. 8. Раз
его здесь нет, он, наверное, занимается в библиотеке. 9. Должно быть, она поехала на вокзал
проводить маму. 10. Очевидно, он не послушался совета друзей и поехал туда один. И. Должно
быть, он ничего не рассказал ей об этом. 12. Очевидно, никто не заметил, как она вышла из
комнаты. 13. Прошлой зимой я, бывало, проводил все вечера в библиотеке. 14. Пока она была в
Москве, она обычно заходила к нам каждый вечер. 15. Раз ваши родители уехали, вам придется
позаботиться о вашей сестре. 16. Теперь, когда я вам все рассказала, нам легче будет решить, что
делать.
XVI. Change the following sentences using the pattern wish + object clause. Make all the changes
the new sentence may require:
M o d e l : I didn't see Paul Scoffield as Hamlet. I wish I had seen Paul Scoffield as Hamlet.
1. She doesn't know English well enough to read Shakespeare in the original. 2. Unfortunately I was
not at home when he called. 3. She won't be able to meet us when we arrive. 4. It so happened that she did
not see them off. 5. I can't explain the matter to him now. 6. I'm so absent-minded. 7. She hopes that they
will tell her the news, but they don't want to. 8. It's a pity I can't go out. It's raining heavily. 9. He wants to
make friends with her, but she avoids his company.
XVII. Respond to (he following statements (or questions) using must, can't, may+Perfect or
Continuous Infinitive:
M o d e l : Why, there's no train 'and the platform looks deserted. The train must have left already or
We can't have missed the train, we left early enough or You may have mixed up the time-table, etc.
1. Look, there's still a light in her room. 2. I was astonished to find the cottage locked and nobody
expecting me. 3. She looks pale and worn out. What can have happened? 4. In the morning I rang them up
to wish them a pleasant journey, but nobody answered. 5. Suddenly she burst out laughing. 6. Why is it so
cold in the room? 7. Where's my textbook? I can't find it anywhere. 8. I wonder why Mother hasn't come
from work yet. It's time she were here.
XVIII. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
1. Я пожал ему руку. Она горестно покачала головой. Том погрозил Сиду кулаком. 2. Я была
удивлена, увидев их опять вместе. Мы были поражены ее успехами. Мы очень удивились, застав
его дома в такой час. 3. Мы все сочувствовали ей. Никто не сочувствовал бедному юноше. 4.
Группа произвела хорошее впечатление. Она скоро подружилась со всеми. Он любил высмеивать
всех. Они едва сводили концы с концами. 5. Мы не ждем его на этой неделе. Я не ожидала, что он
уедет так скоро. Я жду ее уже десять минут. Она подождала, пока стемнело. Все ждали, когда
раздастся звонок. 6. У него не было никакой надежды встретиться с ней. У нее не было намерения
идти туда одной. 7. Она невольно рассмеялась. Он не мог не удивиться, увидев ее там. 8. Он
проводил ее в аэропорт. На вокзале я увидела своих друзей, которые пришли меня проводить.
Проводить вас до автобусной остановки? Проведите его сюда. Покажите ей, как выйти отсюда.
Меня провели в приемную (reception room). 9. Он вел машину на большой скорости. Мой брат
очень лихо водит машину. Он предпочитает ездить на машине из Москвы в Ленинград, а я люблю
ездить туда поездом. Не волнуйтесь, я отвезу вас на станцию на машине. 10. Джо скопил
достаточно денег, чтобы купить небольшой дом. Она сэкономит много времени, если будет
питаться (to have meals) в нашей столовой. Она избежит многих неприятностей, если пойдет туда
сразу. 11. Они предложили ему большую сумму денег за эту картину. Он предложил мне свою
дружбу. Смирнов вызвался помочь им. Он предложил очень интересный метод заучивания слов.
Декан предложил студентам обсудить этот вопрос на собрании. Он предложил пойти на станцию
пешком. Нам предложили билеты в театр. Было поздно, и мои друзья предложили проводить меня
домой. 12. Погасите папиросу. Потушите свет. Выключите радио. Закройте кран с холодной
водой. Костер погас. 13. Она хотела рассказать, что случилось, но вовремя остановилась. Она не
могла больше сдерживаться. Возьмите себя в руки. 14. Когда вы отпустили учеников? Джон
боялся, что его уволят с работы. 15. Вы говорите по-английски как англичанин. Он обращался со
своим сыном как с равным. 16. Она говорила тихим, печальным голосом. Он просмотрел свои
записи, откашлялся и начал доклад. В прошлом году они взяли на работу только двух инженеров.
У нас будут все возможности заниматься научной работой. Она не оправдала наших надежд. "Все
образуется", - сказал он, - "не плачьте". Через некоторое время они разговорились. Если мне
придется уйти, я оставлю ключ у соседей. Он разговорился с одним из рабочих. Сейчас вы никого
не найдете в общежитии: все студенты на каникулах.
XIX. Suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the
synonyms in the following sentences:
1. "I'll go there without you, I will." He was astonished at the girl's determination, but it only
irritated him the more. 2. I stared back at her. I think I was amazed that anyone who a moment or two
before had been laughing with me could suddenly become so angry. 3. I was astonished at her abrupt
refusal to go after everything had been arranged. 4. "I'm sorry the Triton (a hotel) is not being a success,
but I'm not surprised. Why on earth did you trust the Gordons to choose a hotel? 5. He sat amazed at
the divine melody of her soprano voice. 6. She sang so well that she and the song seemed to be one
thing, Mark was so amazed that he was a little late in coming in with his part. 7. My parents were
astonished that I thought of marrying her. 8. "How is old Max?" he said. I was surprised at his tone. It
sounded as though he knew him well. 9. I was amazed, when I came downstairs for the first time and
went out into the garden, to see how much had been achieved about the place during my illness. 10. She
was wearing something white and her hair was loose, tied behind with a piece of ribbon. It shook me, it
surprised me that she should look so young. 11. The wig was a triumph. I had tried it on after breakfast
and was amazed at the transformation. I looked quite attractive, quite different altogether.
XX. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in
bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
1. "I am sorry," she said, "I couldn't help but overhear what you said." 2. I can see her now
standing at the foot of the stairs on the night of the ball, shaking hands with everybody. 3. I felt she was
fighting hard to control herself. 4. "He (Joseph) is very kind and good, but he scarcely ever speaks to me;
I think he loves his pipe a great deal better than his..." but here Amelia checked herself, for why should
she speak ill of her brother? 5. I suggested she should go to bed as she was tired, but she wouldn't hear
of it. 6. One day we went to an exhibition where certain objects of art were being offered for sale. 7.
Jane suggested a brandy and soda to pull me together but I refused. 8. There was no doubt Joliffe had a
gift with children. He never looked down on them... He didn't treat them as children; he could enter
into a game as an equal. 9. So I learned that I must follow meekly like a humble shadow in the footsteps
of my father. 10. Stopbehaving like a child, Philip, and have some understanding. 11. Our meals were
taken in my bedroom, Rachel waiting upon me and caring for me like a nurse with a child. 12. "Is it
going to start again? Am I doomed to sit here as a nurse to all eternity?" 13. Mr. Morton had once
spoken of him as an outcast, and now I had seen him treated as one. 14. They could not continue to
treat me as a newly arrived guestfor ever. 15. His first impulse was to dismiss Jose at once, to get rid of
him for ever. 16. If they (the reporters) don't get the story, the editorwill probably sack them. 17.
Conway often visited him in the late evening and stayed long after the servants... had been
dismissed for the night. 18. I used to write poetry myself when I was his age. 19. "I don't think she has
any intention of returning," I replied. 20. I could feel their anxious eyes upon me waiting for me to say
something. 21. No one could help being pleased with the way Nora took the news. 22. Philip pulled
himself together to receive her without any sign of what he was feeling. 23. He was shaken by the
news of Morgan's return.
XXI. Translate the following situations paying careful attention to the words and word
combinations in bold type:.
На третий день, когда дети потеряли всякую надежду выбраться из пещеры, Том увидел
дневной свет.
XXIII. Read the text and retell it following the points in the outline given below. Make a list of the
words and word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
Joseph Conrad wrote to a friend to this effect: that life made him feel like a cornered blind rat
waiting to be clubbed. This simile could well describe the appalling circumstances of sour family;
nevertheless, some of us had a stroke of luck, and this is what happened to me.
I had been a newsboy, printer, toymaker, glass blower, doctor's boy, etc, but changing from one job
to another I never lost sight of my ultimate aim to become an actor. So between jobs I would polish my
shoes, brush my clothes, put on a clean collar and make periodical calls at Blackmore's theatrical agency
in Bedford Street off the Strand. I did this until the state of my clothes forbade any further visits.
One day I was standing in a far corner near the door of the agency, painfully shy, trying to conceal
my weatherworn suit and shoes slightly budding at the toes, when the clerk saw me. He stopped abruptly
and asked: "What do you want?"
To my surprise he ushered me into the adjoining office and took my name and address and all
particulars, saying that if anything came up he would let me know. I left with a pleasant sense of having
performed a duty, but also rather thankful that nothing had come of it.
A month later I received a postcard. It read: "Would you call at Blackmore's Agency, Bedford
Street, Strand?"
In my new suit (Sidney had outfitted me with new clothes) I was ushered into the very presence of
Mr. Blackmore himself, who was all smiles and amiability. Mr. Blackmore, whom I had imagined to be
almighty and scrutinizing, was most kindly and gave me a note to deliver to Mr. Hamilton at the office.
Mr. Hamilton read it and was amused and surprised to see how small I was. Of course I lied about
my age, telling him I was fourteen - I was twelve and a half. He explained that I was to play Billie, the
pageboy in Sherlock Holmes, for a tour of forty weeks, which was to start in autumn.
"In the meantime," said Mr. Hamilton, "there is an exceptionally good boy's part in a new play, Jim,
The Romance of a Cockney written by Mr. H. A. Saintsbury, the gentleman who is to play the title role
in Sherlock Holmes on the forthcoming tour."
The salary was two pounds ten shillings a week, the same as I would get for Sherlock Holmes.
"I must consult my brother about the terms," I said solemnly. Mr. Hamilton laughed and seemed
highly amused, then brought out the whole office staff to have a look at me.
Everybody was delighted and smiled beamingly at me. What had happened? It seemed the world
had suddenly changed, had laken me into its fond embrace and adopted me. Mr. Hamilton gave me a note
to Mr. Saintsbury, whom he said I would find at the Green Room Club in Leicester Square, and I left,
walking on clouds.
The same thing happened at the Green Room Club, Mr. Saints bury calling out other members to
have a look at me. Then and there he handed me the part of Sammy, saying that it was one of the
important characters in his play. I was a little' nervous for fear he might ask me to read on the spot, which
would have been embarrassing as I was almost unable to read; fortunately he told me to take it home and
read it at leisure, as they would not be starting rehearsals for another week.
I went home on the bus dazed with happiness, and began to get the full realization of what had
happened to me. I had suddenly left behind a life of poverty and was entering a long-desired dream - a
dream my mother had often spoken about. I was to become an actor! It had all come so suddenly, so
unexpectedly. I kept thumbing the pages of my part - the most important document I had ever held in my
life. During the ride on the bus I realized I had crossed an important threshold. No longer was I a
nondescript of the slums; now I was a personage of the theatre. I wanted to weep.
Sidney's eyes were filmy when I told him what had happened. He sat crouched on the bed,
thoughtfully looking out of the window, shaking and nodding his head, then said gravely:
"This is the turning pcdnt of our lives. If only Mother was here to enjoy it with us."
The rehearsals of Jim took place in the upstairs foyer of the Driiry Lane Theatre. Those first
rehearsals were a revelation. They opened up a new world of technique. I had no id гa that there was such
a thing as stagecraft - timing, pausing, a cue to turn, to sit - but it came naturally to me. Only one fault
Mr. Saintsbury corrected: I moved my head and mugged too much when I talked.
After rehearsing a few scenes he was astonished and wanted to know if I had acted before. What a
glow of satisfaction, pleasing Mr. Saintsbury and the rest of the cast! However, I accepted their
enthusiasm as though it were my natural birthright.
Jim was not a success. The reviewers criticized the play unmercifully. Nevertheless, I received
favourable notices. One, which Mr. Charles Rock, a member of our company, showed me, was
exceptionally good. "Young man," said he solemnly, "don't get a swollen head when you read this." And
after lecturing me about modesty and graciousness he read the review of the London Topical
Times, which I remember word for word. After writing disparagingly of the play it continued: "But there
is one redeeming feature, the part of Sammy, a newspaper boy, a smart London street Arab, much
responsible for the comic part. Although hackneyed and old-fashioned, Sammy was made vastly amusing
by Master Charles Chaplin, a bright and vigorous child actor. I have never heard of the boy before, but I
hope to hear great things of him in the near future."
Outline
XXIV. Make up situations based on the episode from the autobiography of Charlie Chaplin using
the following word combinations and structural patterns:
must have done; used to; not to lose hope of; to have no intention of; to clear one's throat; to show
smb in; to expect; to wait for smb; to shake hands with smb; to be amazed to see; to offer; to sug gest; to
make a good impression; to dismiss; couldn't help doing; I wish...; to get into conversation; to check
oneself; now that; to live up to one's expectations
REVISION (UNIT ONE)
Render* into English?
1. Уже шесть месяцев Молли была без работы. Она потеряла всякую надежду найти что-
нибудь подходящее, когда ей предложили место учительницы в маленькой деревенской школе.
Молли сразу же приняла предложение и на следующий день поехала туда. Провожать ее было
некому, поэтому она тут же вошла в вагон и села у окна.
2. Когда Молли сошла с поезда, она увидела, что на станции ее никто не ждет. "Должно быть,
мистер Уайтсайд (Mr. Whiteside) забыл обо мне", - подумала Молли. Ока пожалела, что не послала
телеграмму мистеру Уайтсайду. Это избавило бы ее от многих хлопот. Теперь Молли ничего не
оставалось делать (she could do nothing but go), как добираться до школы самой.
4. Подъезжая к дому мистера Уайтсайда, Молли волновалась все больше и больше. Она очень
боялась произвести плохое впечатление на него. Она долго стояла перед дверью, но потом
собралась с духом и позвонила. Дверь открыла высокая пожилая женщина. Это была миссис
Уайтсайд. Она провела Молли в кабинет мужа и представила ее.
5. Мистер Уайтсайд встал и поздоровался с ней за руку. "Садитесь, пожалуйста", - сказал он.
Молли увидела умное, наблюдательное лицо и живые темные глаза. Голос его звучал мягко.
Мистер Уайтсайд видел, что девушка очень напугана, и не мог не посочувствовать ей. Ему
хотелось бы ободрить ее (to cheer up smb), но он не знал, как это сделать. "Мисс Морган, - сказал
он наконец, - расскажите мне о себе".
6. "Наша семья была очень бедная, - начала Молли робко. - Мы едва сводили концы с
концами. Когда мама умерла, мы остались совсем без денег. Одна богатая женщина предложила
мне жить у нее в доме и работать служанкой (a living-in job as a servant). Я работала практически
бесплатно, за ночлег, и питание, но у меня была возможность по вечерам учиться. Я очень хотела
стать учительницей. Какую бы работу я не выполняла, я все время говорила себе: „Когда-нибудь я
буду учительницей."
*
То render an extract means to give a free translation. Also, any passage presenting special difficulty for
translation may be paraphrased to convey the general idea.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
VOCABULARY EXTENSION
Read (he following excerpt from the book "Live with Lightning" by Mitchell Wilson. Retell it
following the points in the outline. Make use of the word combinations listed below each point:
The physics department had two undergraduate divisions for freshman physics. The division in
which Erik taught was meant only for those students who intended to devote themselves professionally to
engineering, medicine, or to one of the physical or biological sciences.
Fifteen hours of laboratory teaching a week required a minimum of five additional hours to correct
reports and quizzes and another three or four hours to prepare for the demonstrations. This in itself was a
full-time schedule; but to Erik, it had to be subordinated to his own studies. His lectures consumed
another fifteen hours a week and -this in turn required a minimum of an additional fifteen hours of
reading. His work began at eight o'clock, and he went to bed, when he finished at midnight, too exhausted
to read any further, and too dull to talk, and only vaguely satisfied that he had just managed to complete
the minimum of all the work he had planned.
In whatever spare time he could find, the read the current research journals, trying to understand the
implications of the experiments which were being performed throughout the world; but he always bogged
down. He didn't know enough. Sometimes he despaired of ever learning anything at all.
Through the rushing time of that year, Erik lived on two levels - one of complete absorption in his
work, a driving passionate desire to stuff himself as full of knowledge as he could; and the other one of
hurried meals, of exhausted sleep and comparative loneliness.
Outline
1. The division where Erik teaches (the physics department; to be meant for; to devote oneself to).
2. The conditions under which Erik works (to require a minimum of; to correct reports and quizzes;
to prepare for demonstrations; a full-time schedule; to be subordinated to; to consume time; in return; at
midnight; to be too exhausted to do smth; to manage to do smth; to complete smth).
3. Erik tries to find time to work for his doctorate (to find spare time; to read the current research
journals; to understand the implications of the experiments; to despair of doing smth).
4. Erik lives on two levels (complete absorption in one's work; to stuff oneself as full of knowledge
as one can; hurried meals; exhausted sleep).
LISTEN
By H. Wolfe (1885-1940)
UNIT TWO
TEXT
This all happened on the same day. And that day was a Saturday, the red Saturday on which, in the
unforgettable football match between Tottenham Hotspur and the Hanbridge F.C. (formed regardless of
expense in the matter of professionals), the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five
Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.
Mr. Cowlishaw - aged twenty-four, a fair-haired bachelor with a we, ask moustache - had bought the
practice of the retired Mr. Rapper, a dentist of the very old school. His place of business - whatever high-
class dentists choose to call it - was quite .ready for hjm when he arrived -at Hanbridge on a Friday night:
specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth shining in their glass case, the new black-and-gold door-
plate on the door, and the electric filling apparatus, which he had purchased, in the operating-room.
Nothing lacked there.
The next afternoon he sat in his beautiful new surgery and waited for dental sufferers to come to him
from all quarters of the Five Towns. It need hardly be said that nobody came.
The mere fact that a new dentist has "set up" in a district is enough to cure all the toothache for
miles around. The one martyr who might, perhaps, have paid him a visit and a fee did not show herself.
This martyr was .Mrs. Simeon Clowes, the mayoress. By a curious chance Mr. Cowlishaw had observed
the previous night that she was obviously in pain from her teeth or from a particular tooth. But she had
doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the football match with the Mayor. All the world had gone to the
football match. Mr. Cowlishaw would have liked to go, but it would have been madness to leave the
surgery on his opening day. So he sat and yawned, and gazed at the crowd crowding to the match at two
o'clock, crowding back in the gloom al four o'clock; and at a quarter past five he was reading a full
description of the carnage in the football edition of the Signal. Though Hanbridge had been defeated, it
appeared from the Signal that Hanbridge was the better team, and that Ran-noch, the new Scottish centre-
forward, had fought nobly for the town which had bought him so dear.
Mr. Cowlishaw was just dozing over the Signal when the door bell rang. With beating heart he
retained his presence of mind, and said to himself that of course it could not possibly be a client. Even
dentists who bought a practice ready-made never had a client on their first day. He heard the attendant go
to the door, and then he heard the attendant saying, "I'll see, sir."
It was in fact, a patient. The servant, having asked Mr. Cowlishaw if Mr. Cowlishaw was at liberty,
introduced the patient.
The patient was a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty, with a tousled head, and in inelegant but
durable clothing. He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth
up instantly.
"'ont 'eeth," he exclaimed, keeping his mouth open and omitting preliminary consonants.
"Yes," said Mr. Cowlishaw, with a, dry inflection. "I saw that they were upper incisors. How did
this all come about? An accident, I suppose?"
"Well," said the man, "you may call it an accident; I don't. My name is Rannqch; centre-forward.
Ye see? Were you at the match?"
Mr. Cowlishaw understood. He had no need of further explanation; he had read it all in
the Signal. And so the chief victim of Tottenham Hotspur had come to him, just to him! This was luck!
For Rannoch was, of course, the most celebrated man in the Five Towns, and the idol of the populace. He
might have been M.P. had he chosen.
"Dear me!" Mr. Cowlishaw sympathized and he said again, pointing more firmly to the chair of
chairs, "will you sit down?"
"I had 'em all picked up," Mr. Rannoch proceeded, ignoring the suggestion. "Because a bit of a
scheme came into my head. And that's why I've come to you, as you're just a commencing dentist.
Supposing you put these teeth on a bit of green velvet in the case in your window, with a big card to say
that they're guaranteed to be my genuine teeth knocked out by that blighter of a Tottenham half-back,
you'll have such a crowd that was never seen around your door. All the Five Towns'll come to see 'em.
It'll be the biggest advertisement that you or any other dentist ever had. And you might put a little notice
in the Signal saying that my teeth are on view at your premises; it would only cost you a shilling... I
should expect you to furnish me with new teeth for nothing, ye see."
Assuredly the idea was an idea of genius. As an advertisement it would be indeed colossal and
unique. Tens of thousands would gaze spellbound for hours at those relics of their idol, and every gazer
would inevitably be familiarized with the name and address of Mr. Cowlishaw, and with the fact that Mr.
Cowlishaw was dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch. Unfortunately, in dentistry there is etiquette. Mr.
Cowlishaw knew that he could not do this without sinning against professional etiquette.
"I'm sorry I can't fall in with your scheme," said he, "but I can't."
"But, man!" protested the Scotsman, "It's the greatest scheme that ever was."
Mr. Rannoch was himself a professional. "Oh, well," he said sarcastically, "if you're one of those
amateurs -,"
"I'll put the job in as low as possible," said Mr. Cowlishaw, persuasively.
(to be continued)
COMMENTARY
NOTES
1. ... a fair-haired bachelor...
Compounding is a word-building process in which words are formed by joining two or more bases
together. Compounds are most common among adjectives and nouns.
N+A snow-white
N + Ved spell bound
(A + N) + ed fair-haired
The pattern (A + N) + ed is very productive in Modern English. Adjectives built according to this
pattern are used to describe a person's features- and appearance, parts of the body, traits of character,
clothing, e. g.
Compound nouns are commonly formed by a combination of two simple nominal bases,
N +N toothache
N + Nv toymaker, word-formation
In this sentence the verb to pay refers to two objects - a visit and a fee. The combination to pay a
visit is a phraseological unit meaning нанести визит; to pay a fee is a free combination in which the verb
to pay is used in its direct meaning. By using the same verb with these two very different objects the
author achieves a humorous stylistic effect. This stylistic device is called zeugma ['z(j)u:gma] зевгма.
Other examples of the same stylistic device are the following: ...He took his hat and his leave. She
fell into a chair and a fainting fit, simultaneously. When they emerged upon the road he (Bob) threw off
his spectacles and his gravity together. (Ch. Dickens, "The Pickwick Papers").
3. Ye see?
Ye is regarded as a dialectal form of the pronoun you. The speaker is a Scot.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
In sentences with clauses of unreal condition there may be four different combinations of forms:
Perfect forms refer the actions to the past, non-perfect - to the present or future.
If you offered him your help now, he would not Если бы вы сейчас предложили ему свою
refuse it this time, (a) помощь, он бы на этот раз не отказался.
If he had good manners, he would have seen you Если бы он был воспитанным человеком, он бы
home yesterday, (b) проводил вас вчера домой.
If 1 had accepted their offer, I would now have Если бы я принял их предложение, у меня были
every opportunity to do research, (c) бы сейчас все возможности заниматься
исследованиями.
If you had not missed the turning, we would be Если бы ты не пропустил поворот, мы бы сейчас
approaching the city now. (c) подъезжали к городу.
If Mrs. Clowes had not objected, Mr. Cowlishaw Если бы миссис Клауз не возражала, мистер
would have filled her tooth, (d) Каулишо запломбировал бы ей зуб.
Note: When sentences with clauses of unreal condition are used with reference to characters in
fiction, perfect forms are used.
If Mr. Cowlishaw had gone to the match on his opening day, it would have been sheer madness.
2. Complex Object
a) ... he waited for dental sufferers to come to him from all quarters of the Five Towns.
Such verbs as to expect, to hate, to wait (for), to ask (for) and the expression should/would like
take the Complex Object where the infinitive is used with the particle to.
Professor Fox did not expect Erik to talk to him Профессор Фокс не ожидал, что Эрик будет
about his vacation. говорить с ним о каникулах.
I hate my sister to be gazed at. Я терпеть не могу, когда на мою сестру так
пристально смотрят.
I'd like you to drive me home. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы отвезли меня домой.
He waited for us to tell him the whole story. Он ждал, когда мы расскажем ему свою
историю.
to ask for smth to be done (usu passive)
He asked for the papers to be brought in the Он попросил, чтобы бумаги принесли утром.
morning.
Note: The verbs to wait for and to ask for when followed by the Complex Object retain the
preposition for.
The verb to have takes the Complex Object with the past participle - to have smth done. The
construction is commonly used to express an action performed on the request or order of the person
denoted by the subject.
Note: Russian impersonal sentences of the type Дом необходимо побелить, это платье нужно
выстирать, и т. п. are translated with the verbs to want/need + gerund.
The house wants (needs) painting. This dress wants (needs) washing. My shoes want (need)
repairing, etc.
Here are some verbs which take a prepositional object expressed by a gerund:
Even as a boy Charile Chaplin dreamt of becoming Уже в детстве Чарли Чаплин мечтал стать
an actor. актером.
I am looking forward to our seeing you next week. Я с нетерпением жду, когда мы встретимся с
тобой на следующей неделе.
Ann thought of going to the seaside lout the doctor Анна думала поехать к морю, и врач не
did not advise her to. советовал ей делаь этого.
It was late and she insisted on seeing me to the Было поздно, и она настаивала на том, чтобы
station. проводить меня до станции.
VOCABULARY
age n - возраст
Peter went to school at the age of five. Питер пошел в школу в возрасте пяти лет.
2. Nothing lacked there.
Note: Care should be taken not to confuse the verb to lack with the verb to want.
The difference between to lack and to want is that when we say a person (or a thing) lacks
something we simply state the fact that he (or it) does not -have it, whereas when we say a person (or a
thing) wants something we do not only state the fact that he (or it) does not have it but at the same time
we stress the fact that he is in need of it.
The house lacks a back stairway (it hasn't got one). The house wants a back stairway (it would be
much better if it had one).
Lacking and wanting are synonymous.
He is too young for the job, he is lacking (wanting) Он слишком молод для такой работы, ему
in life experience. недостает жизненного опыта.
3. ... is enough to cure all the toothache for miles around.
1 did not need to go to the doctor; I was able to cure Мне не надо было ходить к доктору; я могла
myself. вылечить себя сама.
He cured my sister of rheumatism. Он вылечил мою сестру от ревматизма.
The boy often told lies and it was difficult to cure Мальчик часто говорил неправду, и было трудно
him of the bad habit. отучить его от этой дурной привычки.
There are other verbs in English to render the meaning of the Russian verbs лечить, вылечивать: to
treat, to heal.
Which doctor is treating you for your illness? Какой доктор лечит вас от вашей болезни?
As compared with the verb to cure to treat describes the process of curing, whereas to cure shows
the result of treatment.
treatment n - лечение
to be under treatment, to have (take, get) treatment for (an illness) - лечиться от (болезни)
The boy has been (under treatment) having treatment Мальчик уже неделю лечится от воспаления
for pneumonia for a week already, but there is no легких, но пока что улучшения нет.
improvement so far.
The wound is closed, but it is not yet healed. Рана затянулась, но она еще не зажила.
The burn soon healed up (over). Do you know any Ожог скоро зажил. Ты знаешь какую-нибудь
herb that could heal this cut quickly? траву, которая могла бы быстро залечить этот
порез?
4. By a curious chance he had observed ... that she was obviously in pain from her teeth.
by chance - случайно
by a lucky chance - по счастливой случайности
quite by chance - совершенно случайно
to be in great pain - очень страдать от боли
5. But she had doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the, football match.
Не said it would doubtless be an interesting Он сказал, что это будет несомненно интересная
interview. встреча.
I have no doubt that she was asleep within twenty Я не сомневаюсь, что она уже спала спустя
minutes of my leaving her. двадцать минут после того, как я ушла.
to have grave doubts about smth; to have grave doubts + whether (if)-clause
I have grave doubts about his honesty, sincerity. Я сильно сомневаюсь в его честности,
искренности.
I had grave doubts whether he would be able to do Я сильно сомневалась, что он вообще сможет
the job at all. выполнить эту работу.
I do not doubt the truth of the story. Я не сомневаюсь в правдивости этой истории.
We doubted his honesty. Мы сомневались в его честности.
Note: The verb to doubt in the negative and interrogative sentences is followed by that-clause.
I don't doubt that he will like the story. Я не сомневаюсь, что ему понравится этот
рассказ.
Do you still doubt that. he will win? Вы все еще сомневаетесь, что он победит?
To gaze vi (at, on, ugon) implies fixed and prolonged attention, esp as in admiration or wonder, or
with interest - пристально глядеть; вглядываться; глазеть; уставиться.
The policeman looked George up and down and Полицейский оглядел Джорджа с головы до ног
said: ... и сказал: ...
То stare vi (at, into, etc) denotes a fixed and direct gazing at a person or object, usually with eyes
wide open. It may imply curiosity, astonishment, insolence, rudeness, or vacant fixedness - пристально
смотреть, уставиться; таращить, пялить глаза.
It was stuffy in the coach and David dozed off. В почтовой карете было душно, и Давид
задремал.
there was a ring (knock) at the door - раздался звонок (стук) в дверь
// to retain one's presence of mind - lit. 11 Syn: to keep one's presence of mind - сохранять
присутствие духа
Kemp kept his presence of mind and went on talking Сохраняя присутствие духа, Кемп продолжал
as if nothing had happened. говорить, как будто ничего не случилось.
accident n - несчастный случай; катастрофа; авария a car (road, traffic) accident; a railway
accident or crash; an air crash or disaster; a shipwreck
Note: to meet with an accident may refer to the future, in form of a warning, or to the past with
reference to a trifling accident.
Why are you so late? - Oh, I met with a trifling Почему ты опоздала? - О, со мной произошла
accident - the heel came off one of my. shoes and I неприятность: . у туфли оторвался каблук, и мне
had to go to a shoemaker. пришлось идти к сапожнику.
to pick up vt
John picked up Fleur's handkerchief and quickly hid Джон поднял платок Флёр и быстро спрятал его
it in his pocket. в карман.
The word combination commencing + noun is very rarely used at present to denote a beginner.
The following words are more commonly used: a newly (recently) qualified dentist; a beginner.
to be on view - быть выставленным для обозрения - is the usual expression in connection with
exhibitions, esp art exhibitions. As used in the text, it produces a humorous effect.
15. ... and every gazer would inevitably be familiarized with ...
// to familiarize vt - make oneself or smb well acquainted with smth - познакомить, ознакомить
кого-л. с чем-л. //
Не talked to me of Chopin and played the familiar Он говорил со мной о Шопене и блестяще играл
melodies with much brilliance. знакомые мелодии.
to be (lock, sound, etc) familiar to smb - быть (казаться) известным, знакомым кому-л.
to be (grow, get, become, etc) familiar with smth - хорошо знать (освоиться с чем-л.)
There began the tea ceremony with which I was now Затем началась церемония чаепития, с которой я
very familiar. была теперь хорошо знакома.
He soon grew familiar with his new surroundings. Он скоро освоился с новой обстановкой.
to fall in with smth - agree to; yield - присоединиться к чему-л.; поддержать что-л.
However, she refused to fall in with my suggestion. Однако она отказалась поддержать мое
предложение (не согласилась с моим
предложением).
to fall into a deep (sound, heavy) sleep (usu after some extraordinary event, happening) - заснуть
глубоким (крепким, тяжелым) сном; погрузиться в тяжелый сон и т. п.
After the night's adventure Tom fell into a heavy После ночного приключения Том заснул
sleep. тяжелым сном.
to fall asleep - заснуть
Did you fall asleep? I'll drop home to get a short rest Вы заснули? Я забегу домой и отдохну немного,
so I won't be falling asleep on the job. чтобы не заснуть за работой.
Martin closed his eyes and tried to get to sleep, but Мартин закрыл глаза и попытался заснуть, но не
couldn't. I couldn't get to sleep for a long time. мог. Я долго не мог заснуть.
We finally convinced him that he was wrong. Мы наконец убедили его в том, что он неправ.
Note the structural patterns in which the verbs are frequently used:
We tried to convince her that she was wrong. Мы уверяли ее, что она была неправа.
We could not convince her that she was wrong. Мы не могли убедить ее, что она была неправа.
Mr. Cowlishaw tried to persuade Mrs. Clowes to Мистер Каулишо уговаривал миссис Клауз
have her tooth filled. запломбировать зуб.
Mrs. Clowes persuaded Mr. Cow-lishaw to take her Миссис Клауз уговорила мистера Каулишо
tooth out instead of filling it. удалить ей зуб, а не запломбировать.
*
Ved - participle, М„ - deverba! noun (отглагольное существительное)
EXERCISES
1. This all happened on the same day. And that day was a Saturday, the red Saturday on which, in
the unforgettable football match between Tottenham Hotspur and the Hanbridge F. C. (formed regardless
of expense in the matter of professionals), the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five
Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint. 2. His place of business - whatever high-class
dentists choose to call it - was quite ready for him. 3. Specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth were
shining in their glass case. 4. The patient was a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty, with a tousled head, and
in inelegant but durable clothing. He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from
adding his teeth up instantly. 5. "Will you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, pointing to the chair of
chairs. 6. And thereupon he opened his mouth wide and displayed, not without vanity, a widowed gum. 7.
"'ont 'eeth," he explained, keeping his mouth open and omitting preliminary consonants. 8. I should
expect you to furnish me with new teeth for nothing ... 9. ... and every gazer would inevitably be
familiarized with the name and address of Mr. Cowlishaw, and with the fact that Mr. Cowlishaw was
dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch. 10. "I'll put the job in as low as possible," said Mr. Cowlishaw,
persuasively.
to buy; to choose; to shine; to sit; to set; to pay; to cost; to fight; to beat; to fall
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences. Use them
in situations based on the text:
Он приехал в Хэнбридж в пятницу вечером; сам факт, что...; на многие мили вокруг;
несмотря на зубную боль; это был, действительно, пациент; вот в чем дело; как все это
произошло?; это была удача!; вы могли бы поместить небольшую заметку в газете...; это стоило
бы вам один шиллинг; как зачарованные, будут смотреть часами на...; завернуть
IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them if necessary (see Unit One,
Ex. IV, p. 22):
1. Mr. Cowlishaw was a grey-haired old bachelor. 2. Mr. Cow-lishaw's surgery wasn't ready for him
when he arrived at Hanbridge, was it? 3. As soon as Mr. Cowlishaw set up in the district, the number of
people in the town needing dental treatment increased surprisingly. 4. Mr. Cowlishaw stayed away from
the match because he was not a football fan. 5. Mr. Cowlishaw didn't know that Hanbridge had been
defeated, did he? 6. From the football edition of the paper Mr. Cowlishaw learned that Rannoch wasn't
popular with the football fans. 7. When the doorbell rang Mr. Cowlishaw was sure it was a client. 8.
When the client said his name was Rannoch, -that didn't mean anything to Mr. Cowlishaw, or did it? 9.
Rannoch said he wanted to put a notice about Mr. Cowlishaw in the local newspaper. 10. Rannoch said a
notice in the Signal would cost a pound. 11. Rannoch's scheme would not have been a good
advertisement for Mr. Cowlishaw, would it? 12. Mr. Cowlishaw furnished Rannoch with new front teeth
for a low fee, didn't he?
1. Who was Mr. Cowlishaw and what kind of practice did he buy? 2. What were Mr. Cowlishaw's
thoughts as he sat waiting for "dental sufferers" to come to him on his opening day? 3. What do we know
about the Saturday football match and why did the author call it a carnage?
4. How did the ring at the door affect Mr. Cowlishaw? 5. What did the newcomer do when he
stepped into the surgery? 6. What was the story the man told Mr. Cowlishaw? 7. What caused Mr.
Cowlishaw's heart beat violently? 8. Why did Rannoch choose Mr. Cowlishaw as his dentist? 9. Did Mr.
Cowlishaw like the patient's scheme? Then why did he refuse to accept Rannoch's terms? 10. Why did
Rannoch call Mr. Cowlishaw "one of those amateurs"?
1. The Saturday football match was a great event. 2. Mr. Cowlishaw was impatient to start work. 3.
The attendant played his part with relish. 4. Mr. Cowlishaw's first patient surpassed his expectations.
5. The celebrated centre-forward lacked good manners. 6. Mr. Cowlishaw's first long-awaited
patient disappointed him. 7. Mr. Cowlishaw and Mr. Rannoch interpreted the words "amateur" and
"professional" differently.
a) Mr. Cowlishaw, the young dentist who wishes to succeed in life, but is still too inexperienced.
b) Mr. Rannoch, the celebrated centre-forward of the Han-bridge F. C. who knows exactly what he
wants and how to get on in life. He is surprised to find Mr. Cowlishaw unwilling to fall in with his
brilliant scheme.
c) The attendant, who has taken to Mr. Cowlishaw and tries to help him in every possible way.
1. Mr. Cowlishaw and Dr. Rapper (Mr. Cowlishaw takes over the practice).
Dear me!; Really?; That wasn't a bad idea, was it?; How could he!; I should think so; I suppose so;
Are you sure?; You don't say so; I say, ...; I shouldn't wonder; That's too.bad
X.. Make a character-sketch of Rannoch. What do you think of the celebrated centre-forward?
XI. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
XII. Form compound adjectives according to the pattern A + Ned and translate them into Russian:
Adjectives: large; big; bare; dark; ill; absent; long; broad Nouns: mind; eye; head; shoulder; hair;
nature; temper; face; neck; leg
XIV. Use the suffixes -less, -able, -ish, -ful, -y, -ous, -at, -tc(al) to derive adjectives from the following
nouns and verbs:
pain; luck; amateur; profession; miracle; to forget; hero; gloom; doubt; beauty; courage; practice;
breath; to admire; to sleep; reason; victory
XV. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns?
XVI. Form as many questions as possible on the topics given below using the pattern to have smth
done. Ask your comrades to answer your questions:.
Model: cutting hair - Where do you usually have your hair cut? How often do you have your hair
cut? When are you going to have your hair cut? Why don't you go to the hairdresser's and have your hair
cut? You haven't had your hair cut for quite a long time, have you? Etc repairing a telephone; altering a
dress; waving hair; doing finger-nails; mending shoes; correcting a dictation; papering a room
XVII. Make up short situations using the following pairs of structural patterns:
to take one's luggage to the station - to have one's luggage taken to the station; to make a costume -
to have a costume made; to take smb's photograph - to have one's photograph taken
XVIII. Read (he text and retell it in the form of a story retaining the sentences of unreal condition:
TEXT
Harry: We shall be awfully late home if that No. 12 bus doesn't come soon ... Let's stand in this
doorway out of the wind.
Nora: All right, but we must be careful not to miss the bus ... How did you enjoy the film?
Harry: I'd never have gone if I had known it was going to be so silly.
Harry: Well, no sane man would have married that other girl so scon after he had lost his wife.
Nora: Well, the girl wouldn't have waited for him if he hadn't asked her immediately.
Harry: All the better for him if she hadn't! Nora: Yes. Anyhow, I'd have enjoyed the film much more
if Elsa
Nora: (Sharply) And I'd have enjoyed it more if you hadn't been so rude to that woman in front.
Harry: Well, I wouldn't have been rude to her if she had stopped chattering when I asked her.
Harry: I behave better! I like that! Why, if that woman had ... (Sound of bus starting tip) But Icok,
isn't that a No. 12 bus just going?
Nora: Yes, it is, and we've missed it after all. We would have seen that bus, Harry, if you hadn't
been so busy quarrelling.
Harry: (in injured tcnes) Really, Nora, I think it would have been much better if I had stayed at
home tonight and let you go to the cinema alone.
XIX. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Hi):
1. Он пошел в школу шести лет. Майк рано начал работать, чтобы содержать своих младших
сестер. После болезни она выглядит старше своих лет. Её сыновья достигли совершеннолетия. 2. У
нее совершенно нет терпения. В доме нет центрального отопления. У него не хватало смелости
сказать ей всю правду. Ей недостает уверенности в себе, она могла бы заниматься лучше. Этот
мальчик крайне невоспитан. Ей не хватало трех часов, чтобы закончить перевод. У нее
совершенно нет (совершенно отсутствует) чувства ответственности. 3. Мой отец лечится от
ревматизма уже несколько лет; сейчас ему гораздо лучше. Кто лечил вашего брата от малярии?
Есть какая-нибудь надежда вылечить ее от этой болезни? Рана у Овода (the Gadfly) заживала
медленно, ему казалось, что она никогда не заживет. Никто не мог отучить ее от этой дурной
привычки. 4. Совершенно случайно я узнала, что она опять живет в городе. По счастливой
случайности мы встретились на улице. 5. Она очень страдала от боли. 6. Она, несомненно, пошла
бы туда, если бы знала дорогу. Он, конечно, предложит им свою помощь. 7. Они сомневались в
правдивости его рассказа. Он сомневался, что она рассказала ему всю правду. Я очень
сомневаюсь, что это поможет тебе. (2). Он сильно сомневался, что она вообще ходила туда в тот
вечер. Он стал сомневаться, что он прав. Я не сомневаюсь, что он придет. 8. Он уставился на меня.
На что ты засмотрелась? Человек оглядел Давида с головы до ног и сказал, что никогда не слышал
о нем. 9. Когда я вошла в комнату, она сидела и дремала над книгой. Он задремал и пропустил
свою остановку. 10. Раздался громкий стук в дверь. 11. Она старалась сохранить присутствие духа.
12. Она попала в аварию, когда вела машину. С ним произошел несчастный случай. 13. Ты
поедешь сегодня на стадион? За тобой заехать? Автобус остановился и забрал всех пассажиров.
14. Он начинающий врач. 15. На выставке было представлено много книг по истории литературы.
16. Это был гениальный план. Он гениальный хирург. 17. Имена авторов этих книг мне знакомы.
Мне были известны эти факты. Мы не скоро освоились в новом здании. 18. Он отказался
поддержать наше предложение. Она никогда не платит за квартиру вовремя. Он никогда не
выполняет работу в срок. Больной заснул крепким сном. Гек незаметно заснул. Она долго не могла
заснуть. 19. В чем он вас убеждал? Он убеждал ее в том, что им необходимо работать вместе. Он
не мог уговорить ее написать письмо своим родителям. Мы уговаривали ее не бросать занятий
музыкой. Ему не понадобилось много времени, чтобы убедить их в этом. 20. Когда вы приехали на
стройку? (a construction site). Мы прибыли в Киев в понедельник утром. Сам факт, что он
предложил ей свою помощь, изумил нас. Она, должно быть, пошла заниматься в библиотеку
несмотря на головную боль. Вот в чем дело. Расскажите, как это все произошло. Случайно он
встретил на улице своего друга - это была удача. Жаль, что вы не поместили эту заметку в нашей
газете. Они часами, как зачарованные, слушали рассказы отца. Он мог часами смотреть в огонь.
Она завернула подарок в яркую бумагу.
XX. Suggest Russian equivalents for the words and word combinations in bold type and explain the
use of the synonyms in the following sentences:
1. I stared at her, scarcely believing what she said. 2. I continued to gaze out of the window and
smoke my cigarette. 3. Joy ate up her lunch and sat staring out to sea with eyes that saw nothing of all
that space and loveliness. 4. I drank my cold tea, still blurred and stupid from my short heavy sleep,
and stared at the blank wall in front of me. 5. "Well?" asked my godfather, his brows knitting, staring
at mesuspiciously. 6. I stared at him, bewildered at first, then shocked, then rather sick. 7. I must have
stared at Marie-Jane, for she looked slightly alarmed. 8. Most of the time 1 bit the end of my penholder
and gazed out of the window over the trees in the park to the hill beyond. 9. He went on looking me up
and down in the amused way with those familiar, unpleasant blue eyes. 10. I had to convince not only
those with whom I did business that I was capable, but myself as well. 11. "This is all nonsense. It's as
plain as a pikestaff. He doesn't want the divorce. It's she ... she's persuaded him..." 12. As he hurried
back to the house he tried to convince himself that the footsteps in the dark meant nothing. 13. "So glad
we have persuaded you to visit us, Miss Jane," he said. 14. His room was on the second floor... It was
beautiful and elegant ... but it lacked the homeliness of our own rooms. 15. But these pictures lack
form, technique or whatever you like to call it. 16. She didn't answer for a moment, and then said,
"Sometimes. Philip, I think you lack all understanding." 17. I decided that he would be lacking in
imagination and for him it would be simply a grey stone building. 18. "Perhaps when, you marry and
have children she will be so enchanted with them that she will find a new interest in life. Interest! That's
what she wants."
XXI. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to 'he words and word combinations in
bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalent:
1. I was uncertain which way to go. The arrangement of the rooms was not familiar to me. 2. He
was silent, raising one eyebrow in the familiar gesture. 3. When they observed that Coriway
was familiar with rope-craft, they became much more respectful. 4. We had finished sorting the books
by midday, then John came to know if anything needed carrying downstairs. 5. She sat up after a while
and combed her hair. It didn'tneed doing anything to it. 6. Now he ishaving his rooms redecorated and
refurnished. 7. And here I was, waiting for Jane, looking forward to driving her home. 8. I
must prevent them from making Philip anxious at all costs. 9. "Perhaps you would like to take tea?"
The party fell in with the suggestion. 10. I fell asleep, smiling at the thought of my father... sitting at the
desk in the old library gazing out of the window on the smooth lawn. 11. I must have fallen
asleep, because I woke suddenly with a start, and heard the first crack of thunder in the air. 12. I stayed
with him all night. He seemed to be comfortable while I was there and in a few hours had fallen into a
deep sleep. 13. He was so angry that he could not get to sleep till late at night. 14. Мог doubted
whether his son listened to a single word that was said. 15. Halevy fixed the Consul with a cold glance.
"Do you doubt my professional skill?" 16. No doubt she saw many faults but had the tact to hold her
tongue.
XXII. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Two for the words and
word combinations in bold type:
1. Кемп не мог не удивиться, услышав звонок в дверь. Он никого не ожидал в такой поздний
час. Он только что закончил работу и собирался идти спать. В тот день он работал с самого утра.
2. Совершенно случайно Невидимка очутился около дома Кемпа. Он был голоден и сильно
страдал от раны, которую получил в схватке с жителями Айпинга (the people of Iping). 3. Кемп был
поражен, когда обнаружил, что Невидимка находится у него в доме. 4. "Я собирался покинуть эти
места, - сказал Гриффин (Griffin), - но теперь, когда я встретил Вас, мне бы хотелось работать
вместе... У меня блестящие идеи, но я совершенно без денег..." 5. Кемп понимал, что, если он
согласится с предложением Гриффина, у него тоже будет возможность работать над проблемой
невидимости (the problem of invisibility). 6. Хотя Кемп был очень напуган, он старался сохранить
присутствие духа. "Как Вам удалось стать невидимым?" - спросил он спокойным, ровным
голосом, как будто ничего особенного не произошло. 7. "Вы, конечно, знакомы с работами
профессора X. Он сделал удивительные открытия, но я пошел дальше", - начал Невидимка, но
вдруг остановился... Кемп чувствовал, что Гриффин был очень взволнован и едва владел собой, но
почему-то (somehow) он не испытывал к нему сочувствия. 8. Кемп не сомневался, что Гриффин
рассказывает ему правду, но все же, все, что он говорил, казалось невероятным. "Если бы я не
встретил Гриффина у себя дома, я бы никогда не поверил, что в мире существует невидимый
человек", - подумал ок. 9. "Теперь, когда вы знаете мой секрет, вы не откажетесь работать со мной,
- сказал Гриффин. - Ничто не помешает нам сделать новые открытия". 10. Кемп предложил
Гриффину остаться у него на ночь. Невидимка долго не мог заснуть в ту ночь.
a) to want/need doing smth; to have smth done; I wish smb would do; had done... would have done;
did ... would do; had done ... would be doing
b) to dream of doing smth; to look forward to doing smth; now that; I wish I could do
XXIV Read the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words and
word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
On the eastern shore of the Hudson River there is a little valley, among high hills, which is one of
the quietest places in the whole world. The first white people who came to live there were the Dutch
settlers of the seventeenth century, and since that time the valley has been known by the name of Sleepy
Hollow.
In this valley there lived a schoolmaster whose name was Icha-bod Crane. He had come there from
another state to teach the children of the neighbourhood to read, write and sing.
Ichabod Crane was tall and very thin, with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, and hands that
reached a mile out of his sleeves. His head was small and flat at the top, with big ears, large green eyes,
and a long sharp nose; on his long thin neck it looked like a weather-cock.
All the women of the village believed that he was a man of great learning, for he often read aloud to
them his favourite book, "The History of New England Witchcraft". It was the only book he had ever read
through from cover to cover, and he firmly believed everything it said.
It was always a pleasure to Ichabod to pass the long winter evenings with the old Dutch wives as
they sat spinning by the fire. He listened to their tales of ghosts, and the story of a headless horseman
made a deep impression on him every time he heard it.
In the same village lived Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and only child of a rich Dutch farmer.
She was not only the richest but also the prettiest girl in the neighbourhood. She was a coquette, too, and
wore lots of gold ornaments which had been handed down from mother to daughter for generations.
No wonder Ichabod lost, his heart to Katrina especially after he had visited her father's farm.
Everything on his farm was comfortable, happy and in good order. Ichabod was delighted to see the fat
meadow lands, the rich fields of rye, of buckwheat, and Indian corn and the orchards full of ripe fruit. His
mouth watered when he thought of roast pig with apples, goose in gravy, duck with onion sauce - all his
favourite dishes, not to mention ham and bacon, which he loved most of all. From the moment that he
saw all these riches, he began to make plans and invent ways for winning the heart of the farmer's
daughter. However, he had a whole army of rivals.
Ichabod's most serious rival was a young man Brom Van Brunt by name, the hero of Sleepy Hollow
and the surrounding villages. Brom was famous for his skill as a horseman. He was foremost at all races
and cock-fights, and he attended all the public gatherings near and far. He was also a constant visitor at
Van Tassel's mansion, and it was whispered that Katrina was not quite indifferent to him.
Ichabod Crane was clever enough to understand that he could not fight the battle openly, he,
therefore, made his advances in a quiet and gentle manner. Being Katrina's s-inging-teacher, he was able
to visit Van Tassel's farmhouse as often as he liked. Brom had fewer chances of seeing the girl.
On a fine afternoon in autumn, Ichabod was sitting on his high stool, like a king on his throne,
watching over his pupils as they repeated their lessons.
The stillness of the schoolroom was suddenly interrupted by the entrance of a messenger boy who
had brought Ichabod an invitation 'to come to a party at Van Tassel's.
As soon as the boy went away, Ichabod told the pupils to be quick and finish their lessons, and the
whole school was let out an hour before the usual time. The boys ran out shouting at the top of their
voices.
Ichabod stayed behind and spent half an hour brushing his best and only suit and combing his hair
before a broken looking-glass which hung in the school-room. Then he went to his neighbour, borrowed a
horse and rode out like a knight in search of adventures. His horse was an old plough-horse with a long
thin neck and a head like a hammer. It was blind in one eye and, strange as it may seem, was called
Gunpowder.
It was late in the afternoon when he arrived at Van Tassel's farmhouse, which was already crowded
with friends and neighbours. As usual, Brom Van Brunt was the hero of the scene. .
A world of wonders met the eye of Ichabod Crane as he entered the parlour. On the table there stood
plates full of cakes and gingerbread; there were honey cakes and apple pies and pumpkin pies. Big slices
of ham and smoked beef made his head swim. Ichabod did not hurry; he tasted every dish in turn and
went on eating and drinking long after the others had finished.
And then the music from the hall called the guests to dance. Ichabod was happy beyond words,
because Katrina agreed to be his partner. During the dance Brom Van Brunt sat by himself in a corner,
jealously looking on.
When the dance was over, Ichabod joined a group of older people who sat smoking at one end of the
verandah. They were talking about old times and telling long stories and tales of ghosts and witches. Most
of the stories, however, were about the favourite ghost of Sleepy Hollow, the Headless Horseman, who,
as they said, had lately been seen again in the valley.
After the party broke up Ichabod stayed behind. He wanted to have a little private talk with Katrina
before going home. It is difficult to say what happened during this interview, but in a few minutes
Ichabod ran out of the house, and without looking to left or right, went straight to the stable. With a kick
of his boot, he woke up his horse Gunpowder. Then he jumped on its back and rode off.
Sad and heavy-hearted, Ichabod rode home. The night was dark: there was no moon. All the stories
of ghosts and witches he had heard that evening were fresh in his memory. He felt very lonely. Suddenly
he heard a groan: his teeth clattered and his heart began to beat fast. He wished he could get home as soon
as possible. He kicked his old horse, and the animal dashed forward. But just by a small brook it stopped
so suddenly that Ichabod nearly fell over his horse's head. In the dark shadows of the trees he saw
something big and black. The hair on the teacher's head stood on end. To run and fly was out of the
question. So, with a show of courage he asked in a shaky voice, "Who are you?" Receiving no reply, he
repeated his question in a still shaky voice. Again there was no answer. Just then the black thing moved
forward, and though the night was dark Ichabod could see a tall man sitting on a black horse, but the rider
was headless! Ichabod's fears increased when he saw that the rider was carrying his head on the front part
of the saddle. The horror-stricken teacher kicked Gunpowder fiercely, hoping to leave the other horse
behind. But it was too late. The rider on the black horse rose in his saddle and threw his head straight at
Ichabod. The big round head struck him and the poor teacher fell headlong into the dust. Gunpowder, the
black horse and its rider passed by like a whirlwind.
The next morning the old horse was found without its saddle, eating grass near its master's gate. But
Ichabod did not appear. The boys assembled at the schoolhouse, but the schoolmaster was not there. The
village people went out to look for him. The tracks of horses' hoofs led them to the small brook where
Ichabod's old black hat was found, and close beside it a shattered pumpkin. The place was searched but
the body of the schoolmaster was not to be d iscovered.
Shortly after Ichabod disappeared, Brom Van Brunt married Katrina; and whenever the story of the
unfortunate schoolmaster was related, he always burst into a hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin,
which led some people to suspect that he knew more about the matter than he chose to tell.
Outline
1. Ichabod Crane, the schoolmaster, lives in the quiet village of Sleepy Hollow.
2. Crane falls in love with Katrina Van Tassel and her riches.
3. Brom Van Brunt is his chief rival.
4. Crane is invited to a party at Van Tassel's mansion.
5. Ichabod Crane enjoys the party.
6. Sad and heavy-hearted the schoolmaster rides home.
7. Crane meets the headless horseman and is scared out of his wits.
XXV. Make tip situations based on the story "The-Legend of Sleepy Hollow" using the following
word combinations and structural patterns:
to look old for one's age; to lack a sense of humour; he wished he could; to dream of doing; for
many miles around; there was a knock at the door; to dismiss; this was luck!; to look forward to; to
persuade smb to do smth; to get to sleep; to make a good impression on; to show in; to shake hands with;
to get into conversation with; not to doubt the truth of; to make fun of; a brilliant idea; to prevent smb
from; must have happened; can't help feeling gloomy; to clear one's throat; to pull oneself together; to
stare at smb in astonishment; to want courage; to keep one's presence of mind; to have an accident;
clauses of unreal condition
REVISION (UNITS ONE, TWO)
1. Мистер Батт был пожилой человек, суетливый и страшно надоедливый (fussy and a great
bore). Друзья старались избегать его, так как у него была привычка предлагать им свою помощь, в
которой они не нуждались. Некоторые из них даже пытались отучить мистера Батта от этой
дурной привычки, но все их усилия были напрасны (one's efforts, to be in vain). "Я бы чувствовал
себя очень несчастным, если бы друзья отказывались от моей помощи", - говорил мистер Батт.
2. Как-то поздно вечером я встретил мистера Батта на улице. Он куда-то спешил. Он сказал,
что идет к некоему мистеру Джоунсу, сыну своего старого приятеля. Я попытался уговорить
мистера Батта отложить (to put off) визит до утра. "Они, наверняка, уже спят. Вы бы лучше
отложили свой визит до утра". Но мистер Батт и слышать об этом не хотел (would not hear of it).
"Фред с женой переехали в наш город на этой неделе. Я уверен, что они еще ни с кем не
подружились и нуждаются в помощи... Я бы навестил их вчера, если бы знал, что они здесь". С
этими словами он поспешно ушел.
Read fhe text and retell it following the outline. Make use of the word combinations listed after
each point:
Andrew went out to the call immediately, with a queer sensation, almost of relief. He was glad of
the opportunity to disentangle himself from the curious and conflicting emotions stirred up by his arrival
at Bryngower. Already he had a glimmer of a suspicion as to how matters stood and of how he would be
made use of by Blodwen Page to run the practice for his disabled principal. It was a strange situation, and
very different from any romantic picture which his fancy might have painted. Yet, after all, his work was
the important thing; besides it, all else was trivial. He longed to begin it. Insensibly he hastened his pace,
taut with anticipation, exulting in the realization - this, this was his first case.
He reached 7 Glydar Place, knocked breathlessly upon the door, and was at once admitted to the
kitchen, where, in the recessed bed, the patient lay. She was a young woman, wife of a steel worker
named Williams, and as he approached the bedside with a fast-beating heart he felt, overwhelmingly, the
significance of this, the real starting-point of his life. How often he had envisaged it as, in a crowd of
students, he had watched a demonstration in Professor Lamplough's wards! Now there was no sustaining
crowd, no easy exposition. He was alone, confronted by a case which he must diagnose and treat unaided.
All at once, with a quick pang, he was conscious of his nervousness, his inexperience, his complete
unpreparedness, for such a task.
While the husband stood by in the cramped, ill-lit stone-floored room, Andrew Manson examined
the patient with scrupulous care. There was no doubt about it, she was ill. She complained that her head
ached intolerably. Temperature, pulse, tongue, they all spoke of trouble, serious trouble. What was it?
Andrew asked himself that question with a strained intensity as he went over her again. His first case. Oh,
he knew that he was overanxious! But suppose he made an error, a frightful blunder? And worse -
suppose he found himself unable to make a diagnosis? He had missed nothing. Nothing. Yet, he still
found himself struggling towards some solution of the problem, striving to group the symptoms under the
heading of some recognized disease. At last, aware that he could protract his investigation no longer, he
straightened himself slowly, folding up his stethoscope, fumbling for words.
"Did she have a chill?" he asked, his eyes upon the floor.
"Yes, indeed," Williams.answered eagerly. He had looked scared during the prolonged examination.
"Three, four days ago. I made sure it was a chill, Doctor."
Andrew nodded, attempting painfully to generate a confidence he did not feel. He muttered. "We'll
soon have her right. Come to the surgery in half an hour. I'll give you a bottle of medicine."
He took his leave of them, and with his head down, thinking desperately, he trudged back to the
surgery. Inside, he lit the gas and began to pace backwards and forwards beside the blue and green bottles
on the dusty shelves, racking his brains, groping in the darkness. There was nothing symptomatic. It must,
yes, it must be a chill. But in his heart he knew that it was not a chill. He groaned in exasperation,
dismayed and angry at his own inadequacy.
Outline
1. Andrew's state of mind as he goes out to his first call (his arrival at; to stir up (curious and
conflicting) emotions; how matters stood; to make use of; to run Doctor Page's practice; to be very
different from; after all; to be trivial; to long to begin work; to hasten his pace; his first case).
2. The real starting point of Andrew's career begins (to knock breathlessly upon the door; to be
admitted to the kitchen; an ill-lit stone-floored room; to be alone; no sustaining crowd; no easy
exposition; to approach the bedside; his heart beat like a hammer; the real starting point of his life; to be
confronted by a serious case; to diagnose the case; to treat the case unaided; to be conscious of;
nervousness, inexperience, unpreparedness, inadequacy).
3. Andrew tries hard to diagnose the case and fails (to examine the patient with scrupulous care; to
complain of a splitting headache; her head ached intolerably; to speak of serious trouble; to go over the
patient again; to be overanxious; to make a frightful error; to make a diagnosis; to diagnose the case; to
find himself doing smth; to group the symptoms; to straighten himself slowly; to fold up his stethoscope;
to fumble for words).
4. Andrew is conscious of his inexperience, his complete unpreparedness to diagnose the case (to
have a chill; (with) his eyes on the floor; to look scared; to make sure; to feel confidence; a bottle of
medicine; to take leave of; with his head down).
5. Andrew's state of mind as he goes back to the surgery (to trudge back; to think desperately; to
pace backwards and forwards; to rack his brains; to grope in the darkness; to groan with exasperation; to
be dismayed and angry at his own inadequacy).
GIFTS
By J. Thomson (1834-1882)
TEXT
Now just as Mr. Cowlishaw was personally conducting to the door the greatest centre-forward that
the Five Towns had ever seen, there was another ring at the door and-Mr. Cowlishaw found himself in the
double difficulty of speeding his first visitor and welcoming his second all in the same breath.
The second was a visitor beyond Mr. Cowlishaw's hopes. No other than Mrs. Simeon Clowes,
mayoress of Hanbridge; a tall and well-built, handsome, downright woman, of something more than fifty
and something less than sixty.
She eyed him interrogatively and firmly. She probed into his character, and he felt himself pierced.
"Good afternoon, Mrs. Clowes," he replied. "Yes, I am. Can I be of any service to you?'"
"Have you had any experience in taking teeth out?" she asked in the surgery. Her hand stroked her
left cheek.
"Oh, yes," he said eagerly. "But of course, we try to avoid extraction as much as possible."
"If you're going to talk like that," she said coldly, and even bitterly, "I'd better go."
"Naturally," he said, summoning all his latent powers of diplomacy, "there are cases in which
extraction is unfortunately necessary.".
"Because," she said, "you don't look as if you could say 'Booh!' to a goose."
She laughed.
"Don't fancy, Mr. Cowlishaw, that if I laugh I'm not in the most horrible pain. I am. When I tell you
I couldn't go with Mr. Clowes to the match-"
"Will you take this seat?" he said, indicating the chair of chairs; "then I can examine."
She obeyed. "I do hate the horrid, velvety feeling of these chairs," she said; "It's most creepy."
Like all women of strong and generous character, Mrs. Simeon Clowes had a large mouth. She
obediently extended it to dimensions which must be described as august, at the same time pointing with
her gloved and chubby finger to a particular part of it.
"Yes, yes," murmured Mr. Cowlishaw, assuming a tranquility which he did not feel. This was the
first time he had ever looked into the mouth of a mayoress, and the prospect troubled him.
He put his little ivory-handled mirror into that mouth and studied its secrets.
"I see," he said, withdrawing the mirror. "Exposed nerve. Quite simple. Merely wants stopping.
When I've done with it the tooth will be as sound as ever it was. All your other teeth are excellent."
"Now just listen to me, young man," she said. "I don't want any stopping; I won't have any stopping;
I want that tooth out. I've already quarrelled with one dentist this afternoon because he refused to take it
out. I came to you because you're young, and I thought you'd be more reasonable. Surely a body can
decide whether she'll have a tooth out or not! It's my tooth. What's a dentist for? In my young days
dentists never did anything else but take teeth out. All I wish to know is, will you take it out or will you
not?"
"That's my affair, isn't it?" she stopped him, and moved towards her bonnet.
"Well," she said, "if you don't call this insisting, what do you call insisting? Let me tell you I didn't
have a wink of sleep last night."
"Is my heart good?" she repeated. "Young man, what business is that of yours? It's my tooth I want
you to deal with, not my heart!"
"Gas!" she exclaimed. "You'll give me no gas, young man. No! My heart is not good. I should die
under gas. I couldn't bear the idea of gas, you must take it out without gas, and you mustn't hurt me, I'm a
perfect baby, and you mustn't on any account hurt me."
The moment was crucial. Supposing that he refused - a promising career, might be nipped in the
bud. Whereas, if he accepted the task, the patronage of the aristocracy of Hanbridge was within his grasp.
But the tooth was colossal, monumental.
He took every precaution. He chose the most vicious instrument. He applied to the vicinity of the
tooth the very latest substitute for cocaine; he prepared cotton wool and warm water in a glass. And at
length, when he could delay the fatal essay no longer, he said:
He laughed. But it was a hysterical laugh. All his nerves were on edge. He had a sick feeling.
Making a great effort, he pulled himself together and said:
"When I count one I shall take hold; when I count two you must hold very tight to the chair; and
when I count three, out it will come."
Then he encircled her head with his left arm - brutally, as dentists are always brutal in the thrilling
crisis, "Wider!" he shouted. And he took possession of that tooth...
There was no three. There was a slight shriek and a thud on the floor. Mrs. Simeon Clowes jumped
up and briskly rang a bell. The attendant rushed in. The attendant saw Mrs. Clowes gurgling into a
handkerchief which she pressed to her mouth with one hand while with the other, in which she had her
bonnet, she was fanning the face of Mr. Cowlishaw. Mr. Cowlishaw had fainted from nervous
excitement. But his unconscious hand held the forceps; and the forceps, victorious, held the monumental
tooth.
"O-p-pen the window," spluttered Mrs. Clowes to the attendant. "He's gone off; he'll come to in a
minute."
NOTES
This is a case of stylistic inversion used by the author as a means of emphasis. It is called partial
inversion as only part of the predicate group - an adverbial modifier of place - is put before the subject
and not the predicate itself.
Full inversion occurs, when the subject is expressed by a noun, not a pronoun, e. g. In went Mr.
Pickwick.
The verb laugh and the noun laugh have an identical phonetic and graphic form, but they differ in
meaning (one denotes an action, while the other - the result of the action) and in the paradigms: laugh -
laughs, laughed, laughing laugh - laughs
The word-building process in which words are formed by means of changing the paradigm is
called conversion.
Conversion is highly productive in creating nouns from verbs (to talk - a talk, to cut - a cut, to walk -
a walk) and verbs from nouns (a button - to button, paper - to paper).
Semantic relations between the deriving and derived members of the conversion pair are varied.
Here are some typical cases:
hammer → to hammer
witness → to witness
to step → a step
to purchase → a purchase
It should be noted, however, that in some cases it's difficult to point out the initial form in the
conversion pair, i. e. whether a verb is converted from a noun or vice versa.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
Now just as Mr. Cowlishaw was personally conducting to the door the first visitor, there was
another ring at the door.
In complex sentences with an adverbial clause of time introduced by the conjunction as there may
be different combinations of tense forms.
These combinations show different time relations between the action of the adverbial clause and that
of the principal clause.
As I was going inside he called Когда я входил в дом, он позвал те. (а) меня.
The Past Continuous shows that the action of the adverbial clause was in process when the action of
the principal clause was accomplished. In Russian we find a verb of the imperfective aspect in the
adverbial clause (входил) and a verb of the perfective aspect in the principal clause (позвал).
As she reached the highest step, she felt weak and Когда она дошла до верхней ступеньки, она
faint, (b) почувствовала слабость и головокружение.
This combination may express a succession of actions. In Russian we find verbs of the perfective
aspect in both clauses (дошла, почувствовала).
As they drove home they talked about the football Пока они ехали домой, они разговаривали о
match, (b) футбольном матче.
In Russian we find verbs of the imperfective aspect in both clauses (ехали, разговаривали).
As they waited for the telephone call, Hester was Пока они ждали телефонного звонка, Эстер
finishing her embroidery, (c) заканчивала свою вышивку.
This combination also denotes two simultaneous actions in process. The Past Continuous is used in
the principal clause when the action there is expressed by a terminative (предельный) verb as otherwise
it would denote a completed action. In Russian both verbs are imperfective (ждали, заканчивала).
"If you're going to talk like that," she said suddenly..., "I'd better go."
The set phrase had better do smth denotes an action considered by the speaker necessary under the
circumstances. Had is often contracted to 'd.
The rain has stopped. I had better go before it starts Дождь перестал. Пожалуй, я лучше пойду (мне
again. лучше идти), пока он снова не начался.
You'd- better drive carefully, the road is bad here. Вы бы внимательнее вели машину, здесь плохая
дорога.
The set phrase would rather (sooner) do smth expresses a person's preference, choice or
desire. Would is often contracted to 'd.
She said she would rather go to a younger dentist. Она сказала, что предпочла бы обратиться к
более молодому зубному врачу.
"I'd sooner die than retire," said the colonel. "Я скорее умру, чем уйду в отставку", - сказал
полковник.
No article is used with nouns in apposition when they denote a position (rank, state, post or
occupation) which is, as a rule, unique. The same is true when such nouns are used predicatively.
Mr. Hicks, President of the firm, accompanied the Мистер Хикс, президент фирмы, сопровождал
guests. гостей.
Mr. Hicks is President of the firm. . Мистер Хикс - президент этой фирмы. .
VOCABULARY
He did the work without (any, much) difficulty. Он выполнил работу без (всякого, особого)
труда.
He did it, but with difficulty. Он сделал это, но с трудом.
Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken Вам трудно понимать английскую разговорную
English? речь?
I had no difficulty in finding her house. Я без труда нашла ее дом.
We looked forward to welcoming them at our home. Мы с нетерпением ждали того дня, когда будем
принимать их у себя.
to welcome a suggestion (an idea, a plan, criticism) - receive of accept gladly - приветствовать,
одобрять предложение (мысль, план, критику)
to give smb (receive) a warm (cold, hearty, rousing) welcome - оказать теплый (холодный,
сердечный, восторженный) прием
They gave us a warm welcome when we came back. По возвращении нам была устроена радушная
встреча.
He received a cold welcome. Ему был оказан холодный прием.
welcome a - received with pleasure (often suggests prior need or an answer to one's wishes) -
желанный, приятный, долгожданный
to be welcome to smth; to be welcome to do smth - having full permission to use or take smth; to
do smth, go somewhere, etc - имеющий право или разрешение распоряжаться, пользоваться чем-л.;
делать что-л.
You are welcome to any book in my library. Можете взять любую книгу в моей библиотеке.
You are welcome to (use) my car today. Моя машина в вашем распоряжении сегодня.
to be beyond one's expectations (hopes) - to be more than one expected - быть сверх ожидания
Syn: to surpass one's expectations - to be better than one expected - превзойти чьи-л.. ожидания
His answer at the examination surpassed all my Его ответ на экзамене превзошел все мои
expectations (we expected a good answer, but what ожидания.
we had was even better).
His good answer at the examination was beyond our Сверх наших ожиданий он хорошо ответил на
expectations (we didn't expect much). экзамене.
The visitor was none other than the celebrated Посетитель был никто иной, как знаменитый
centre-forward of the Hanbridge football team. нападающий футбольной команды Хэнбриджа.
There are other ways of expressing the same idea which are frequently used in ordinary informal
speech: Can I help you (in any way)? Can I be of any help to you? What can I do for you? Is there
anything I can do for you?
experience n - knowledge or skill resulting from practise or from acquaintance with facts or events -
опыт работы; стаж
Have you had much experience in teaching English? У вас большой опыт преподавания английского
языка?
8. Не wondered what she was driving at.
I wonder who he is, what he wants, why he is here, whether he will come again:
The stranger's appearance and behaviour were so Внешний вид и поведение незнакомца были
odd that everybody wondered where he had come такими странными, что всех интересовало,
from. откуда он появился.
I found myself wondering whether I was still in И тут я стал задумываться, а влюблен ли я все
love. еще.
to wonder at smb, smth; to wonder at smb's doing smth - feel surprised - удивляться;
изумляться, поражаться
I shouldn't wonder if he has a nervous breakdown. Я не удивлюсь, если у него сдадут нервы.
wonder n
No wonder she avoided his company: he was a great Неудивительно, что она избегала его общества.
bore. Он был очень скучный человек.
He was taken ill, and no (little) wonder, considering Он заболел, и неудивительно: все эти годы он
he had been overworking for years. слишком много работал.
1 can't make out what he's driving at. Я не могу понять, к чему он клонит.
to inquiret vt & i - ask to be told, try to get information by asking - спрашивать, осведомляться
To inquire generally implies a search for the fact or the truth, whereas to ask is the general or
colourless term for putting a question. To inquire may introduce both direct and indirect speech.
She inquired if he liked the post. Она спросила, нравится ли ему его должность.
She inquired how to do it. Она спросила, как это делается.
I made inquiries about him at the hotel and learned Я навел справки о нем в гостинице и узнал, что
that his name was Carton. его фамилия Картон.
Manson went to the dentist to have his tooth filled. Мэнсон пошел к зубному врачу запломбировать
зуб.
filling n - пломба
not to have (get) a wink of sleep, not to sleep a wink - и глаз не сомкнуть
The sea raged throughout the night, and we did not Море бушевало всю ночь, и мы не сомкнули
sleep a wink. глаз.
to resume one's work, one's speech, meal, story, etc - go on with after leaving off - возобновить,
продолжать работу и т. п.
The article deals with English dialects. Эта статья об английских диалектах.
The Russian phrase - легко (трудно) иметь дело с кем-л. has two English equivalents:
to be easy (hard, difficult) to deal with - easy (hard, difficult) to persuade or convince
to be easy (hard, difficult) to get on (along) with - easy (hard, difficult) to talk to, to be friends
with, to work with
I've failed to persuade the man. He is hard to deal Я не смогла уговорить его. С ним трудно иметь
with. дело.
The man was easy to get on with. С этим человеком было легко иметь дело.
We very soon made friends with him. Мы скоро подружились.
It is not likely that there has ever been a civilized person of 65 years old who would consent to live
his life over again (M. Twain). She ... consented to his demand that the correspondence ... should be
carried on by lawyers only (Thackeray).//
Mrs. Clowes wondered why Mr. Cowlishaw Миссис Клауз удивлялась, почему мистер
wouldn't agree to take out her tooth. Каулишо не соглашается выдернуть ей зуб.
I told him about his plan and he at once agreed to it. Я рассказал ему о своем плане" и он сразу
согласился с ним
Other meanings of the verb to agree are:
a) share somebody's opinion, be in harmony with somebody - соглашаться с кем-л., быть единого
мнения
I hope you will agree with me that our teacher's Полагаю, вы согласитесь со мной, что советы
advice is excellent. учителя отличные.
to go through with smth - complete; not leave unfinished -довести что-л. до конца, завершить
Не was determined to go through with his work Он твердо решил довести дело до конца, что бы
whatever happened. ни случилось.
Syn: to be through with smth (chiefly AE) - reach the end - окончить что-л.
When will you be through with your work? Когда ты окончишь работу?
The shock was so great that I nearly fainted. Потрясение было настолько сильным, что я чуть
не потерял сознание.
We splashed water on her face and she soon came Мы побрызгали ей лицо водой, и она скоро
to. пришла в себя.
He took a long time to come to (round). Он долго не приходил в себя.
She felt faint with fatigue. Она едва держалась на ногах от усталости.
She felt faint in the stuffy room. "Water! Quick! I Она почувствовала себя дурно в душной
feel faint!" (I'm going to faint.) комнате. "Воды! Скорее! Мне дурно!"
EXERCISES
1. She probed into his character, and he felt himself pierced. 2. "Naturally," he said, summoning all
his latent powers of diplomacy. 3. "You don't look as if you could say 'Booh!' to a goose;" she said. "I
think I can say 'Booh!' to a goose," he said. 4. I do hate the horrid velvety feeling of these chairs. It's most
creepy. 5. She obediently extended it to dimensions which must be described as august ... 6. "Surely a
body can decide whether she'll have a tooth out or not!" 7. And at length, when he could delay the fatal
essay no longer, he said...
to find; to speed; to stroke; to lay; to drive; to lie; to laugh; to withdraw; to arise; to deal; to hurt; to
swim; to hold; to ring; to fan
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences and use
them in situations based on the text:.
в дверь позвонили опять; ее рука поглаживала левую щеку; вы кажетесь таким тихоней; я
очень страдаю (мне очень больно); я хочу удалить этот зуб; какое вам до этого дело; это был
критический момент; принять все меры предосторожности; он был в панике; его нервы были
напряжены до предела; его тошнило (он почувствовал тошноту); он ухватился за; вы должны
крепко держаться за стул
IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them if necessary (see Unit One,
Ex. IV, p. 22):
1. Mr. Cowlishaw's second visitor came half an hour after his first one. 2. Mrs. Clowes wasn't
suffering from toothache when she came to Mr. Cowlishaw. 3. Mrs. Clowes wanted to have her tooth
filled, did she not? 4. Dentists try to avoid extraction, don't they? 5. Mr. Cowlishaw had had a lot of
experience in extracting teeth, had he? 6. Mrs. Clowes was a woman of strong character, wasn't she? 7.
Mrs. Clowes insisted on having her tooth out, didn't she? 8. Mrs. Clowes didn't object to being given gas,
did she? 9. Having made up his mind what he would do, Mr. Cowlishaw was calm and self-possessed. 10.
It wouldn't have mattered if Mr. Cowlishaw had failed to extract the tooth, would it? 11. What the
attendant saw when he rushed into the surgery didn't surprise him at all. 12. Mr.Cowlishaw failed to
extract the tooth, didn't he? 13. Mrs. Clowes fainted from nervous excitement.
1. Why did Mr. Cowlishaw find himself in a double difficulty? 2. Who was his second visitor? What
was she like? 3. Did Mr. Cowlishaw impress Mrs. Clowes as an experienced dentist? 4. What did she
demand that Mr. Cowlishaw should do? Do you think Mrs. Clowes was a brave woman? 5. Why did Mr.
Cowlishaw feel troubled as he examined the mayoress teeth? 6. How did Mrs. Clowes take the proposal
Mr. Cowlishaw made to fill her tooth? 7. Did Mr. Cowlishaw flatly refuse to take out Mrs. Clowes's tooth
or did he argue with her for some time? 8. Was Mrs. Clowes afraid of pain? What did she demand? 9.
Why was poor Mr. Cowlishaw in panic as he was getting ready for the operation? 10. Do you think Mrs.
Clowes noticed his state of mind? 11. What instructions did Mr. Cowlishaw give to the lady? 12. What
did the attendant see when he rushed into the room? 13. What did Mrs. Clowes say to the attendant? 14.
Which of the two had more self-possession: the dentist or the patient?
1. Mrs. Clowes was in the habit of bossing everybody about. 2. Mr. Cowlishaw was glad to have
Mrs. Clowes as his patient and tried to please her in every possible way. 3. Mr. Cowlishaw was in panic
at the prospect of the operation. 4. Mr. Cowlishaw was a brave young man. 5. The spectacle the attendant
saw when he rushed into the surgery was indeed unique.
a) Mr. Cowlishaw, who does what he can to please Mrs. Clowes, as he realizes that his career
depends on it.
b) Mrs. Clowes, who is resolved to persuade the young dentist to take her tooth out.
c) The attendant, who is really glad that Mr. Cowlishaw has such remarkable patients but is shocked
by what he sees in the surgery.
1. Mrs. Clowes and a lady-friend of hers (about Mrs. Clowes's visit to the young dentist).
2. The attendant and one of his family (about his first day with Mr. Cowlishaw).
How could you!; Well, ...; That depends ...; Naturally; I really couldn't; I do hate...; That's my affair,
isn't it?; Certainly; Not a bit; You don't say so.
IX. Write down the words from the text which describe Mr. Cowlishaw and make up a character
sketch.
X. Write down the words from the text which describe the mayoress of Hanbridge and make up a
character sketch.
XI. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
XII. Convert the following nouns into verbs and verbs into nouns. Comment on (he semantic
relations within the conversion pairs. Use them in short sentences:
XIII. Make a list of all derived and compound nouns and adjectives in the text of Units Two and
Three. Analyse their structure.
Model:
a) Will you come to the cinema with me tonight? I'd better stay at home. I've got a lot of work to do
for tomorrow or I'd rather stay at home. I'm in the middle of a very interesting book.
b) I want to go to the South in July this summer. You'd better not. You have a weak heart and ths
summer is going to be very hot this year.
1. Why don't you answer the telephone? 2. Shall I call for y6u at your work and we'll go to the
theatre together? 3. I think I shall ask him to translate this article for me. 4. Do you want me to tell your
father about our plans? 5. I wonder if I should take the children to the seaside in July. 6. We are planning
to drive to Leningrad this weekend. 7. Would you like to come to the football match with me? 8. Do you
think he is a good dentist? Would you recommend him? 9. I'm running a temperature. Can you give me
something for it, Mary?
XVI. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
1. Я с трудом разбирал ее почерк. 2. Она, конечно, не одобряла такого рода критику. Ей был
оказан радушный прием. Вы всегда желанный гость в нашем доме. Сегодня моя машина в вашем
распоряжении. 3. Результаты эксперимента превзошли все мои ожидания. 4. В дверь опять
позвонили. Раздался стук в дверь. 5. Я что-нибудь могу для вас сделать? Вам помочь? 6. "Ты
пойдешь туда со мной?" - "Все зависит от обстоятельств". 7. У вас есть опыт перевода таких
текстов? 8. Интересно, почему он здесь. Он не мог не удивиться собственной смелости. Я не
удивлюсь (неудивительно), если у нее заболит голова: здесь очень душно. Она потеряла сознание
(упала в обморок). Ничего удивительного, она не ела целый день. 9. Ты поняла, на что он намекал?
10. Она навела о нем справки. 11. Он решил запломбировать зуб немедленно. 12. Они не сомкнули
глаз всю ночь. 13. Они опять заняли свои места. Он возобновил рассказ. 14. Эта книга об истории
Англии. С Еленой трудно иметь дело, а ее сестра очень легкий человек. 15. Я не согласна, что твой
план лучше. Ты никогда не согласна со мной. Вы согласны с нашими условиями? Нет, я не могу
пойти на эти условия. Они договорились ехать в Ленинград на машине. Она не согласилась ехать
туда на поезде. 16. Он твердо решил довести работу до конца. Он окончил перевод в два часа
ночи. 17. Мальчик потерял сознание и долго не приходил в себя. Она почувствовала слабость от
голода и усталости. Мне дурно, дайте воды, пожалуйста. 18. Вы выглядите так, как будто очень
страдаете от боли (как будто вам очень больно). Какое вам до этого дело? Если бы вы приняли их
предложение, вы бы уже закончили работу. Они приняли все меры предосторожности, чтобы не
дать Невидимке осуществить свои планы (to realize one's plans). Я никогда не видела ее в панике:
она прекрасно владеет собой. Ночью он не сомкнул глаз: нервы его были напряжены до предела.
Держись крепче, иначе упадешь!
XVII. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in
bold type and suggest their Russian equivalents:
1. Mor had great difficulty in persuading his wife to accompany him to his principal's dinners. 2. He
had had himself introduced, made guarded inquiries, discovered that she was poor... 3. "I think you'd
better let me speak to the girl properly in private," said Mrs. Pearce. 4. "What name did you say?" - "She
said you'd know her when you saw her." - "That's odd," I said. "Perhaps you'd better show her up." 5.
Lunch was a welcome break to the long morning. 6. We had to come forward and welcome the
unexpected guests. 7. We have a guest-room in this house. She is welcome to it until her plans are
formed. 8. Had I been accepted in this house, I would have offered to assist in the kitchen... But I knew
that Mrs. Crawford would not welcome my help. 9. I wondered what they would say if I suddenly
announced my intention of running the whole affair. 10. I cannot but wonder what it is they have been
discussing. 11. I've always wondered about country life in England. 12. I woke at three wondering for a
moment where I was. 13. "Will you be late?" - "I don't know. It all depends. Don't wait up for me." 14.
We were wondering, sir, if you would mind assisting us again. 15... he wondered whether by an unluckly
chance she had seen him with Mildred.
XVIII.Analyse the use of the tenses in the following sentences. Translate them .into Russian:.
1. As I climbed again up the back way to the house, I heard the laughter and the chatter of the men
as they went home from work. 2. He caught a taxi on the corner. "London airport," he told the driver. As
the taxi moved away, the phone in his flat began to ring. 3. He began to speak clearly and precisely. As he
spoke, some of the phrases drifted through the window and were heard by the boys. 4. It was two hours
later, as he was shaving on a borrowed electric razor, that the girl phoned back. 5. The plane from London
glided into the airport as the dusk deepened into night. Near the tail of the plane a blond Englishman lay
back in his seat near the window and gazed out at the lights as they flashed past the sinking aircraft. 6. As
dusk was falling the tourists entered a little town in the Alps. 7. George at once placed another call with
his sister. As he put the phone (receiver) down, it rang again. 8. They talked rugby for a while as they
walked slowly on the terrace. 9. All along the road the trees had been illuminated. It was charming and
we were exclaiming in wonder as we rode along.
XIX. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Three for the words and
word combinations in bold type;
XX. Read the story and retell it Following the outline given below. Make a list of the words in the
text which you could use to develop each point:.
THE TATTOO
The trouble began in a gambling house. Greaser, a hot-blooded youth quarrelled with his neighbour,
whose nickname was the Kid, and the latter shot him on the spot.
A minute later Greaser's friends were at the Kid's heels. They overtook him at the station, but the
young man turned and raised his revolver. He was a good shot. Seeing his revolver, the pursuers stopped,
turned and vanished.
The same afternoon the Kid got on a passenger train, and three days later he was sailing to Buenas
Tierras, coast of South America.
Thacker, the United States consul at Buenas Tierras, was not yet drunk. It was eleven o'clock in the
morning and he was never drunk until the middle of the afternoon. On hearing a slight noise he looked up
and saw the Kid standing at the door.
"Good morning," said the young man. "They told me it was customary to call on you before having
a look at the town. I have just come on a ship from Texas."
The young man laughed. "Dalton," he said. "But it sounds funny to me to hear it. They simply call
me the Kid."
"I'm Thacker," said the consul, motioning the young man to a chair. "I suppose you want somebody
to advise you. And, besides, they speak Spanish here and you'll need an interpreter. If there is anything I
can do for you, I'll be delighted. If you are buying fruit lands or looking for a concession, you will want
somebody to help you."
"I speak Spanish," said the Kid, "about nine times better than I speak English. Everybody speaks
Spanish on the ranch where I come from. And I am not buying anything."
"You speak Spanish?" said Thacker thoughtfully. He looked at the young man in silence. "You look
like a Spaniard, too," he continued, "and you are from Texas. And you can't be more than twenty or
twenty-one. I wonder if you are game enough..."
"What do you mean?" asked the Kid, suddenly rising and approaching the consul.
"What's the use of denying it," said the young man. "I got into a little trouble in my country and
killed a man, I was afraid that some of his friends might try to get even with me, so I thought I'd better
leave the place and come here. So you see that I'm game for any kind of work."
"Come here," said the consul. Through the window he pointed to a two-story white house. "In that
house," said Thacker, "an old Castilian gentleman and his wife are waiting to embrace you and fill your
pockets with money. Old Santos Urique lives there. He owns half the gold mines in the country."
"Sit down," said Thacker, "and I'll tell you. Twelve years ago the old gentleman and his wife lost
their only child. He was a wild little devil and but eight years old. Some Americans who were looking for
gold called on Don Urique and made much of the boy. They filled his head with wonderful stories about
the United States; and a month after they left, the boy disappeared. It was said he was seen once
afterwards in Texas, but they never heard anything more of him. Old Urique sent men to look for him. He
spent thousands of dollars, but in vain. The mother was quite broken. The child was her life. She still
wears mourning. They say she believes that her son will come back to her some day, and never gives up
hope. On the back of the boy's left hand was tattooed a flying eagle."
In a week's time the tattooed design on the young man's left hand was ready and the wound had
healed, and then Thacker sent for the Uriques.
Half an hour later an old-fashioned carriage drove up to the door of the consulate. A lady and a tall
man with a white moustache got off and hurried in.
By the consul's desk stood a slender young man with a sunburnt face and black hair. Donna Urique
cast a long look upon the young man. Then her black eyes turned, and her gaze rested upon his left hand,
and then with a sob, not loud, but seeming to shake the room, she cried: . "Oh, my son," and folded the
Kid in her arms.
A month later the Kid came to the consulate in response to a message from Thacker. He looked a
young caballero. His clothes were of the latest fashion and a big diamond shone on his finger,
"Well," asked Thacker, "How are you getting on? It's time you began acting," said Thacker. "What's
the trouble? Can't you find where Don Urique keeps his money?"
"Oh, he's very rich," said the young man, admiring his diamond. "There's plenty of money in the
house. I've seen it with my own eyes, But you are not going to get it," the Kid said, cheerfully. "And I'll
tell you why. The first night when I was in my bedroom at Don Urique's house, my artificial mother came
in and bent over me. "My boy," she said, "my boy!" And down comes a drop or two, and hits me on the
nose. You see, I had very little to do with mothers in my life and I think that this old artificial mother of
mine mustn't be disappointed. She stood it once, but she will not stand it twice. That is why things are
going to stay just as they are..."
The Kid rose and, without violence, took Thacker by the throat with a hand of steel. Then with his
left hand, he drew out his revolver and pointed it at the consul.
"There is one more reason," he said slowly, "why things have to stay as they are. The fellow I killed
had an eagle tattooed on his left hand."
From the outside came a sound of wheels and the old-fashioned carriage of Don Urique stopped at
the door of the consulate.
(After O'Henry)
Outline
2. The Kid arrives in South America and pays a visit to the United States consul at Buenas Tierras.
3. The consul, Mr. Thacker, gives him a warm welcome and makes a proposal to him.
6. The Uriques take the young man for their lost son.
7. Thacker grows impatient because the Kid is slow in going through with his plan.
8. The young man gives reasons why he refuses to go through with the consul's plan.
XXI. Make up situations based on the story "The Tattoo" using the following word combinations
and structural patterns:
to welcome a plan; to agree to smth; to agree with smb; 'to be driving at; to. deal with smb; to be
easy (hard) to get on with; to receive a hearty welcome; to have very little experience in doing smth; to go
through with; to take every precaution; to control oneself; to make inquiries about; to wonder why...; to
resume one's seat; to get to sleep; to fall asleep; not to have a wink of sleep; had better; would rather;
must have done; can't have done; I wish I could
XXII. Make up sentences based on the story "The Tattoo" using clauses of unreal condition.
REVISION (UNITS ONE-THREE)
I. Use one of the patterns - to do smth, to have smth done, to want/need doing smth - in your answers
to the question: What would you do or say or ask if....:
1. Your radio set stopped working again (to repair). 2. Your little brother's shirt is stained with ink
(to remove the spots). 3. Johnny's hands were very dirty when he came home from school (to wash). 4.
The cover of this book is very old and the book is falling to pieces (to bind, bound, bound). 5. This article
is very difficult. You won't, be able to translate it yourself (to translate). 6. Ann is taken ill and she is not
able to type her report in time (to type). 7. My mother often has splitting headaches (to take smb's blood-
pressure). 8. "I don't like the wallpaper in the hall. It's too dark," Mary said (to repaper). 9.' The doorbell
won't ring. There is something wrong with it (to fix). 10. Your sister's costume is out of fashion (to alter).
I. They must have taken for granted that you would agree to go there. 2, He may have read the
article but he did not mention it for some reason. 3. He can't have gone through with the experiment and
obtained reliable results. It's too soon. 4. If he had taken your advice he wouldn't have got into trouble. 5.
She must have found out the truth. No wonder she refused to speak to him. 6. She would have coped with
the task if she had agreed to our plan. 7. She must have thought it very strange that they didn't corne to
see her off. 8. The train used to leave earlier. It was more convenient for me. 9. She may have seen the
ballet. You'd better ask her before buying tickets. 10. Do you mind staying here a little longer? 11. He
can't have changed his mind about making the journey. You must have misunderstood him. 12. If I were
you I would never have gone out with him. His behaviour seems strange.
b) into English:
1. "Мы, должно быть, едем не в том направлении. Эти места мне незнакомы. Неужели шофер
сбился с пути? "-" Не думаю. Он, должно быть, поехал по дороге, которая нам неизвестна. Нам бы
лучше спросить его, куда он едет. Он может быть, не понял нас". 2. Прежде чем пойти к новому
зубному врачу, миссис Клауз навела справки о его квалификации. Разузнав все (on inquiry), она
решила, что именно этот человек ей и нужен. 3. Мистер Каулишо предложил миссис Клауз
запломбировать зуб, а она настаивала на том, чтобы его удалили. Мистер Каулишо почувствовал,
что с ней трудно иметь дело. 4. Мистер Каулишо сказал, что ему не раз приходилось удалять зубы,
но миссис Клауз сильно сомневалась в этом. Однако ей ничего не оставалось делать, как опять
сесть в кресло и надеяться на лучшее. Мистер Каулишо приказал ей крепко держаться за стул.
Миссис Клауз была страшно напугана. Однако она взяла себя в руки. 5. Мистер Каулишо упал в
обморок от нервного напряжения. Он долго не приходил в себя.
1. Сэм провел мистера Пиквика (Pickwick) в его комнату. "Вот ваша комната, сэр. Если вам
что-нибудь понадобится, позовите меня, сэр".
Комната была теплая и уютная. В камине ярко горел огонь. Без сомнения, мистер Пиквик
провел бы спокойную ночь, если бы ничего не случилось. А случилось вот что.
В гостинице мистер Пиквик встретил своих друзей. Они отлично провели время, и мистер
Пиквик был в хорошем настроении. Войдя в комнату, мистер Пиквик обнаружил, что он оставил
свои часы внизу, в гостиной, где он провел такой приятный вечер. "Какой же я рассеянный", -
посетовал он. С минуту он колебался, идти ли ему вниз тотчас же, или же подождать до утра. - "Я
лучше пойду немедленно", - решил он.
Это были его любимые часы, и он никогда с ними не расставался. Он любил, когда они
тикали около него. Если бы мистер Пиквик знал, что ему придется пережить, он бы не отправился
в гостиную один, а позвал бы слугу.
2. Дело в том, что гостиница была знаменита своими мрачными и длинными коридорами.
Всякий, кто останавливался в ней, с трудом находил свою комнату в первый день. Конечно,
мистер Пиквик заблудился в коридорах, как только покинул свою комнату. Как ни старался
мистер Пиквик, он не мог вспомнить, как он шел в свою комнату после ужина. "Жаль, что я не
позвал Сэма. Если бы я это сделал, я избавил бы себя от многих хлопот". Он был в панике. В
довершении всего (on top of that) у него погасла свеча, и мистер Пиквик очутился в полнейшей
темноте.
3. Совершенно случайно он натолкнулся на гостиную. Часы лежали там, где он оставил их.
Его обратный путь был подобен ночному кошмару (a nightmare). В одном из коридоров он
увидел приоткрытую дверь (a door which was ajar), которая показалась ему знакомой. Он вошел.
Он не сомневался, что это была его комната. Он подошел к кровати и начал раздеваться. Вы
можете представить его ужас, когда минутой позже он увидел, как кто-то со свечой вошел в
комнату! Он чуть было (nearly, almost) не упал в обморок, когда увидел, что в комнате была
женщина. "Интересно, что она здесь делает, - подумал мистер Пиквик, выглядывая из-за занавесок
кровати (to look out from behind the curtains of the bed). - Как жаль, что я не закрыл дверь на замок!
Какой же я рассеянный!" - опять посетовал он. Ему даже не пришло в голову (not to occur to smb),
что он попал не в ту комнату.
5. Нет сомнения в том, что мистер Пиквик блуждал бы по коридорам всю ночь, если бы не
Сэм, который по какой-то причине решил посмотреть, что делает его хозяин. Он был крайне
удивлён, увидев, что старый джентльмен медленно пробирается в темноте, держась за стену. "Что
Вы здесь делаете, сэр?" "О, это ты, Сэм! Слава богу, что я тебя встретил, я заблудился в этих
ужасных коридорах!" Мистер Пиквик схватил Сэма за руку и не выпускал ее, пока они не пришли
в его комнату. Это приключение так подействовало (to have an effect on) на мистера Пиквика, что
бедный джентльмен не сомкнул глаз всю ночь!
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
VOCABULARY EXTENSION
1. Read the following text and translate the word combinations given below each point of the
outline. Retell the text following the points:
BEING ILL
"You don't look your usual self this morning," said my wife at breakfast.
"No, I'm not feeling up. to much," I said. "I don't know what I've got, but I hardly slept a wink all
night, and new I've got a splitting headache."
"Poor old thing," she said, feeling my forehead. "It feels as if you'd got a bit of temperature."
"Nonsense,. dear," I said, trying to be brave. "It's probabty •nathing more than a hang-over after last
night's party. I j.ust ought not to drink gin, that's all. It's time I realized it doesn't agree with me."
At work, I felt ghastly all morning. My head was now throbbing violently and there were moments
when it felt as if the whole office was going round. At eleven o'clock I took a couple of aspirins with my
coffee, but they didn't seem to do any good. By lunchtime I had to admit that I was running a temperature:
I felt hot and shivery at the same time.
I called my secretary in. "Look, Pam," I said, "I'm not feeling too well. I'm going to take the rest of
the day off. You might as well do the same when you've finished the letters. Perhaps you would ring up
Fraser and let him know."
"Yes, of course, Mr. Carter. You do look poorly. I hope you haven't caught this nasty 'flu' that's
around."
Feeling rather sorry for myself, I put on my overcoat and wrapped a scarf round my neck."
When I got home I went straight to bed and my wife gave me a hot-water bottle. I certainly felt
better lying down.
"No, thank you," I said. "I couldn't eat a thing. All I want is a glass of water. Then I think I'll sleep
for a bit." .. "Don't you think I'd better call the doctor?" she said. "I shouldn't be surprised if you've got
this 'flu', like Mrs. Higgins."
Mrs. Higgins was our daily help, and she'd been off work ftr the last few days.
Then I must have dozed off, for I woke up, sweating all over, to hear the doctor coming up the
stairs. "Quite an epidemic of it." I heard him say to my wife. I sat up, feeling stiff and uncomfortable; my
pyjamas were sticking to me.
"Now then," said the doctor, sitting on the edge of the bed. "Let's have a good look at you." He
opened his bag and stuck a thermometer in my mouth. While he was waiting he took my pulse, then he
took out the thermometer and looked at it. "Just over a hundred and two," he mumbled. He put a
stethoscope to his ears and listened to my chest. "Now the throat. Say 'Ah'. Silence. Looks a bit sore.
Does' it hurt when you swallow?".
"It's flu all right. The throat's nothing serious." He looked for his pen. "Lcok here, I'm going to keep
you in bed for a day or two. Keep taking plenty of aspirin to bring your temperature down, and I'll give
you some pills to help you to sleep at night. You should stay away from work for the rest of the week and
take it easy. It's much better to shake it off in one go if you can. Otherwise, if you go back to work too
soon,, it might drag on indefinitely."
For two days I was terribly weak. Whenever I had to get out of bed, I felt giddy and was glad to lie
down again. Moreover, I couldn't face eating anything; all I wanted was lots of drink and plenty of sleep.
I didn't even feel like reading.
Then, suddenly, I felt much better. My temperature was almost back to normal, my appetite came
back, and I felt I wanted to do something useful. Now my wife had to struggle to keep me in bed. "You're
not to overdo it," she said. "Flu takes it out of you more than you think." So I spent the time propped up
with lots of pillows, catching up with my reading. In fact, it was now all rather pleasant, and I was very
touched to receive a get-well card from Pam.
Outline
1. In the morning I have a splitting headache and look poorly (you don't look your usual self; I'm not
feeling up to much; I hardly slept a wink; I've got a splitting headache; I've got a bit of temperature; it's
time I realized ...; it does not agree with me).
2. In the office I can hardly do any work and leave early (to feel ghastly all morning; to throb
violently; to go round; to do no good; to run a temperature; to feel hot and shivery; to take the rest of the
day off; "You might as well do the same, Pam"; to catch flu).
3. At home I go straight to bed and my wife calls a doctor (to go straight to bed; a hot-water bottle; I
couldn't eat a thing; to doze off; to sweat all over).
4. The doctor examines me and says I have flu (to stick a thermometer in one's mouth; to take one's
pulse; to listen to one's chest; "Your throat's a bit sore"; to keep smb'in bed for a day or two; to bring one's
temperature down; to stay away from work; "Take it easy"; to shake it off in one go; to go back to work;
to make a prescription; to feel rotten; "I'll drop in again"; to keep smb well-covered up).
5. I am much better on the third day (to get out of bed; to feel giddy; to feel like reading; to be back
to normal; to come back; to be propped up with pillows; to catch up with one's reading; to receive a get-
well card).
II. Read the text and retell it in the form of a story. Enlarge on the story making use of the words
and word combinations from the previous text "Being HI";
Jim Is lying down on a settee by the sitting-room fire. He is not very ill but is very irritable.
Jim: No, I'm afraid the cold's getting worse, Maggie. I think you'd better ring Aunt Emily and tell
her we won't be able to make it tomorrow.
Maggie: I wonder how it is you always manage to be ill when it comes to visiting relatives.
Jim; That's quite unfair, Maggie. I haven't had a cold for ages.
Maggie: The last time you had one was when we were invited to Uncle Gilbert's. I remember quite
well.
Maggie: No, I couldn't get any. But I brought you some grapes instead. Here you are, try some.
Jim: Mm ... The ones you bought last week were much sweeter. They were purple. You know I like
those better.
Maggie: Well, I'll buy you some purple ones this afternoon. In the meantime you'll have to make do
with those green ones. Or perhaps you'd like an orange instead?
Maggie: You don't seem to have lost your appetite, Jim. Oh, but look here. You haven't had any of
your medicine today. You'd better take some right away.
Jim: I had a spoonful this morning and it doesn't seem to have done. me any good.
Maggie: Well, you'd better have another one now. It says one spoonful every three hours. Here you
are. (She pours out a spoonful andhands it to him. He spills it.) Oh, dear, you've spilt it all over the
pillow-case. Now I'll have to get you another one and I don't think the clean ones have come back from
the laundry yet. What a trial you are, Jim.
Jim: Well, just stop fussing, Maggie. I'd be quite all right if I just had some peace. You go into the
kitchen and get me some lunch.
Maggie: Just some detective stories for myself. Here they are.
Jim: Oh, I've read that one and that one as well. You'd better just give me the newspaper.
Maggie: (Maggie hands him the newspaper.) Well, I'll be getting back to the kitchen now.
Jim: Can you get me some more pillows from the bedroom? This one isn't really high
enough. (Telephone rings.) Well, go and answer it and see who it is ... who is it, Maggie? If it's Dickson
ask him to come round for a game of chess.
Maggie: No, it wasn't Dickson. It was Aunt Emily. She's just bought a television set and she wanted
me to tell you they were televising the cup-final tomorrow afternoon. Of course, I said you had a bad cold
and that you should really stay in bed...
Jim: What! Ring her up again right away and tell her I'm much better. In fact, I think I'll get up for
lunch. I'm sure I'll be quite all right by tomorrow.
(From "Say it with us" by H. Andrews)
III. Read the text and write down the words and word combinations connected will; dentistry
giving their Russian equivalents. Retell the text in brief;
AT THE DENTIST'S
There are certain humiliating moments in the lives of the greatest of men. It has been said that no
man is a hero to his valet. To that may be added that few men are heroes to themselves at the moment of
visiting their dentist.
He was a man who was accustomed to have a good opinion of himself. He was Hercule Poirot,
superior in most ways to other men. But in this moment he was unable to feel superior in any way
whatever. His morale was down to zero. He was just that ordinary, craven figure, a man afraid of the
dentist's chair.
Mr. Morley had finished washing his hands and was now speaking in his encouraging professional
manner.
Gently he led the way to the appointed spot - to the chairl Deftly he played with its head rest,
running it up and down.
Hercule Poirot took a deep breath, stepped up, sat down and relaxed his head to Mr. Morley's
professional fiddlings.
"There," said Mr. Morley with hideous cheerfulness, "that quite comfortable? Sure?"
Mr. Morley swung his little table nearer, picked up his mirror, seized an instrument and prepared to
get on with the job.
Hercule Poirot grasped the arms of the chair, shut his eyes and opened his mouth.
Slightly indistinctly, owing to the difficulty of forming consonants while keeping the mouth open,
Hercule Poirot was understood to say that there was no special trouble. This was, indeed, the twice yearly
overhaul that his sense of order and neatness demanded. It was, of course, possible that there might be
nothing to do... Mr. Morley might, perhaps, overlook that second the tooth from the back from which
those twinges had come... He might - but it was unlikely - for Mr. Morley was a very good dentist.
Mr. Morley passed slowly from tooth to tooth, tapping and probing, murmuring little comments as
he did so.
"That filling is wearing down a little - nothing serious, though. Gums are in pretty good condition,
I'm glad to see." A pause at a suspect, a twist of the probe- no, on again, false alarm. He passed to the
lower side. One, two - on to three? No. "The dog," Hercule Poirot thought in confused idiom, "has seen
the rabbit!"
"A little trouble here. Not been giving you any pain? Hm, I'm surprised." The probe went on.
Finally Mr. Morley drew back, satisfied.
"Nothing very serious. Just a couple of fillings - and a trace of decay on that upper molar. We can
get it all done, I think, this morning."
He turned on a switch and there was a hum. Mr. Morley unhooked the drill and fitted a needle to it
with loving care.
It was not necessary for Poirot to avail himself of this permission, to raise a hand, to wince, or even
to yell. At exactly the right moment, Mr, Morley stopped the drill, gave the brief command "Rinse",
applied a little dressing, selected a new needle and continued. The ordeal of the drill was terror rather than
pain.
"Well, I think that seems all right. Just another rinse, please."
The rinse accomplished, Mr. Morley peered critically into his patient's mouth.
"Quite comfortable? Just close - very gently - You don't feel the filling at all? Open again, please.
Now that seems quite all right."
"Well, good-bye, Mr. Poirot. Not detected any criminals in my house, I hope?"
"Before I came up every one looked to me like a criminal! Now, perhaps, it will be different!"
"Ah, yes, a great deal of difference between before and after! All the same, we dentists aren't such
devils now as we used to be! Shall I ring for the lift for you?"
"As you like - the lift is just by the stairs." .. Poirot went put. He heard the taps start to run as he
closed the door .behind him.
(Make use of the words and word combinations included in Units One, Two, Three.)
3. The first steps of a young specialist (a teacher, a doctor, etc) - his emotions, his successes and
failures; his devotion to his profession.
NOVEMBER
By T. Hood (1799-1845)
TEXT 1
Mr. Drake, a popular composer, is often invited by admirers of his music to itay with them, but Mr.
Drake hates visiting. His wife says: "Ben absolutely abhors visiting and thinks there ought to be a law
against invitations that go beyond dinner, and bridge. He doesn't mind hotels where there is a decent light
for reading in .'bed' and one for shaving, and where you can order meals, with coffee, any time you want
them. But I really believe he would rather spend a week in the death house at Sing Sing than in somebody
else's home. It was after our visit to an acquaintance of ours that Ben swore he would pay no more visits
until he could think up a graceful method of curtailing them in the event they proved unbearable. Here is
the scheme-he hit on: He would write himself a telegram and leave it with Irene, the girl-at Harms', his
publishers, with instructions to have it sent to him twenty-four hours after we started out. The telegram
would say that he must return to New York at once, and would give a reason."
The story is narrated by Mrs. Drake. She is spending a weekend with Mr. and Mrs. Thayers, well-
meaning admirers of her husband's music. Mr. Drake is not, there, he is busy rehearsing a new
performance.
At dinner on Saturday night, they cross-examined me about our immediate plans. I told them that as
soon as the show-was "over" in New York, I was going to try to make Ben stay home and do nothing for
a whole month.
"I should think," said Mrs. Thayer, "it would be very hard to rest there in the city, with the producers
and publishers, and phonograph people calling him up all the time."
"Listen, dearie," said Mrs. Thayer. "Why don't you come to Lansdowne and spend a week with us?
I'll promise you faithfully that you won't be. disturbed at all. I won't let anyone know you are there, and if
any of our friends call on us, I'll pretend we're not at home. I won't allow Mr. Drake to even touch the
piano. If he wants exercise, there are miles of room in our yard to walk around in, and nobody can see
him from the street. All day and all night, he can do nothing or anything, just as he pleases. It will be
"Liberty Hajl" for you both. He needn't tell anybody where he is, but if some of his friends or business
acquaintances find out and try to get in touch with him, I'll frighten them away. How does that sound?"
"It's settled then," said Mrs. Thayer, "and we'll expect you on Sunday, October eleventh."
"Oh, but the show may not be "set" by that time," I remonstrated.
Well, it ended by my accepting the invitation. Strange as it might seem, Ben took it quite cheerfully.
"If they stick to their promise to keep us under cover," he said, "it may be a lot better than staying in
New York. I know that they wouldn't give me a minute's peace if they could find me. And of course if
things aren't as good as they look, Irene's telegram will provide us with an easy way out."
On the way over to Philadelphia he hummed me an awfully pretty melody which had been running
through his head since we left the apartment. "I think it's sure fire," he said. "I'm crazy to get to a piano
and fool with it."
"That isn't resting, dear."
"Well, you don't want me to throw away a perfectly good tune! They aren't so plentiful that I can
afford to waste one. It won't take me five minutes at a piano to get it fixed in my mind."
The Thayers had a very pretty home and the room assigned to us was close to perfection. There
were comfortable twin beds with a small stand and convenient reading-lamp between; a big dresser and
chiffonier; an ample closet with plenty of hangers; a bathroom with hot water that was hot, towels that
were not too new and faucets that stayed on when turned on, and an ash-tray within reach of wherever
you happen to be. If only we could have spent all our time in that guest-room, it would have been ideal.
But presently we were summoned downstairs to luncheon. I had warned Mrs. Thayer in advance and
Ben was served with coffee. He drinks it black.
"No. Never."
"But that's because you don't get good cream in New York."
"You would like our cream. We have our own cows and the cream is so rich that it's almost like
butter. Won't you try just a little?"
"No, thanks."
She poured about a tablespoonful of cream into his coffee-cup and for a second I was afraid he was
going to pick up the cup and throw it in her face. But he kept hold of himself, forced a smile and declined
a second chop.
"Yes, I have," lied Ben. "The cream is wonderful. I'm sorry it doesn't agree with me."
"I don't believe coffee agrees with anyone," said Mrs. Thayer. "While you are here, not doing any
work, why don't you try to give it up?"
"I'd be so irritable you wouldn't have me in the house. Besides, it 'isn't plain coffee that disagrees
with me; it's coffee with cream."
"Pure, rich cream like ours couldn't hurt you," said Mrs. Thayer, and Ben, defeated, refused to
answer.
He started to light a Jaguar cigaret, the brand he had been smoking for years.
"Trumps," said our host, holding out his case. "They're mild and won't irritate the throat."
After luncheon we adjourned to the living-room and Ben went straight to the piano.
"Here! Here! None of that!" said Mrs. Thayer. "I haven't forgotten my promise."
"Didn't your wife tell you? I promised her faithfully that if you visited us, you wouldn't be allowed
to touch the piano."
"But I want to," said Ben. "There's a melody in my head that I'd like to try."
"Oh, yes, I know all about that," said Mrs. Thayer. "You just think you've got to entertain us!
Nothing doing! We invited you here for yourself, not to enjoy your talent. I'd be a fine one to ask you to
my home for a rest and then make you perform."
"You're not making me," said Ben. "Honestly I want to play for just five or ten minutes. I've got a
tune that I might do something with and I'm anxious to run it over."
"I don't believe you, you naughty man!" said our hostess. "Your wife has told you how wild we are
about your music and you're determined to be nice to us. But I'm just as stubborn as you are. Not one note
do you play as long as you're our guest!"
Ben favored me with a stricken look, mumbled something about unpacking his suitcase - it was
already unpacked - and went up to our room, where he stayed nearly an hour, jotting down his new tune,
smoking Jaguar after Jaguar and wishing that black coffee flowed from bathtub faucets.
(to be continued)
COMMENTARY
NOTES
The verb to hit upon (on) here means to find by chance, come upon.
The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English edited by A. S. Hornby registers this
meaning together with five other1" comprising the semantic structure of the verb to hit.
A comparison of the meanings within the semantic structure of the verb may give an idea of
different types of meaning. So far no general or complete scheme of types of meaning has been accepted
by linguists. However, some terms seem to be more commonly employed in books than others.
The first meaning of the verb to hit - to give a blow, a stroke to is generally termed the direct
meaning as it names the action itself and can be understood without the help of a context, in isolation.
Meanings 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, unlike the first one, are bound by the context, although they are somewhat
dependent on the first meaning. These are derivative meanings.
From the point of view of frequency of occurrence in speech one can distinguish basic meaning (the
most frequent one) and minor meanings (less frequent ones).
The importance of distinguishing different types of meaning in learning and teaching a foreign
language can't be overlooked. At the initial stage of language learning, the direct and most frequent
meanings are usually taken into consideration, while at a more advanced level attention is paid to
derivative and less frequent meanings.
It is the derivative meanings of the verbs to hit, to strike and to stick that are dealt with in the
vocabulary of Unit Four.
Colloquialisms make up a special layer in the English vocabulary as opposed to neutral and literary
words.
The majority of colloquial words and set-up expressions have synonyms in the neutral layer of the
vocabulary, e.g. kid -child; daddy - father; go on - continue; get out - go away; just a bit - very little.
As compared with their neutral synonyms colloquialisms haVe a definite emotional colouring which
makes them very expressive.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
1. Would + Infinitive in Simple Sentences ... it would be very hard for him to rest there in the city.
In simple sentences would + indefinite or perfect infinitive generally denotes an unreal action (the
Analytical Subjunctive). The indefinite infinitive refers the action to the present or future, the perfect
infinitive - to the past.
You would not have me in the house, I'd be very Вы бы не потерпели меня у себя в доме, я был бы
irritable. очень раздражительным.
A month ago I would have doubted the truth of the Месяц назад я бы усомнился в правдивости этой
story. истории.
Note: the phrases I should (would) think (have thought), I should (would) say (have said) are
common and are generally used to lend the sentence a milder and more polite form. Their use in this case
differs from the use of the Indicative Mood only stylistically.
"I should think," said Mrs. Thayer, "it would be very "Я полагаю, - сказала миссис Тейер, там в городе
hard for . him to rest there in the city." ему было бы трудно отдохнуть".
"How long did you wait?" - "I would say a good five "Сколько времени вы ждали?" - "Пожалуй (я бы
minutes." сказал), не менее пяти минут".
2. Need + Infinitive
The modal verb need denoting necessity is used only in negative and interrogative sentences. The
time reference of the action is shown by the form of the infinitive.
The indefinite infinitive refers the action to the present; the per--fect infinitive refers it to the past.
Need + perfect infinitive expresses an action which has been performed though it was not
necessary. It implies a waste of time and effort.
You needn't switch off the radio, I'm not going to Можете не выключать радио. Я не собираюсь
read. читать.
Need you be so irritable? Стоит ли так раздражаться?
You needn't have bought the book (but you did). It is Вам не надо было бы покупать эту книгу. Она
available at the library. есть в библиотеке.
You needn't have sent us the - telegram (but you Не стоило (не надо было) присылать нам
did). We knew you were coming on Friday. телеграмму. Мы знали, что вы возвращаетесь в
пятницу.
Note: Didn't have to do smth shows that the action did not take place .in the past because it was
unnecessary.
I didn't have to buy the book as I had it at home. Мне не пришлось (не надо было) покупать эту
книгу, так как она была у меня дома.
I didn't have to send them a telegram for they knew I Мне не пришлось (не надо было) посылать им
was coming on Friday. телеграмму, потому что они знали, что я
приезжаю в пятницу.
VOCABULARY
to bother vt - do or say something which attracts a person's attention and does not let him do what
he wants to do or must do - надоедать, докучать, беспокоить
Tell the children to stop bothering their father. Don't Скажи детям, чтобы они перестали надоедать
bother me with silly questions. отцу. Не приставай ко мне с глупыми вопросами.
То disturb - break up a state of calm, order, quiet or rest - нарушать ход, движение,
порядок, равновесие и т. п.; выводить из состояния покоя
The sharp cry of an owl disturbed the silence of the Громкий крик совы нарушил тишину ночи.
night.
Tell him not to disturb the papers on my desk. Скажи ему, чтобы он не трогал бумаги на моем
столе.
The news from home disturbed his peace of mind. Вести из дома вывели его из душевного
равновесия.
I'm sorry to disturb (bother) you. Простите, что мешаю вам (беспокою вас).
I don't want to be disturbed (bothered) until ten. Я не хочу, чтобы меня беспокоили раньше
десяти.
to be (keep) in touch (with smb, smth) - be in regular communication with, receiving information
about - общаться, поддерживать связь (с кем-л.); быть в курсе событий
to be out of (lose) touch (with smb, smth) - не общаться, потерять связь (с кем-л.); не быть в
курсе событий
Old James Forsyte wanted to be in touch with what Старый Джеймс Форсайт хотел быть в курсе
was going on in the family; but nobody told him событий, происходивших в семье; но никто
anything, he said. ничего не говорил ему, жаловался он.
We must keep in touch with the political situation. Мы должны быть в курсе всех политических
событий.
Keep in touch while I'm away. Не теряй со мной связи во время моего
отсутствия.
I'm out of touch with most of my schoolfriends. Я потеряла связь с большинством своих
школьных товарищей.
If we correspond regularly we shan't lose touch. Если мы будем регулярно переписываться, мы не
потеряем связи друг с другом.
to settle vt & i
a) make an agreement about; decide; determine - решать, принимать решение
to stick to smth - hold to something, not leave or change or give up - быть верным чему-л.;
держаться чего-л.; не отвлекаться, не отклоняться от чего-л.
You must stick to (keep) your promises. Вы должны придерживаться своих обещаний.
"I stick to my opinion," said Higgins, "that the girl "Я держусь своего мнения, что девушку обучал
has been taught English by an expert." говорить по-английски какой-нибудь
специалист", - сказал Хиггинс.
He stuck to the story. Он держался своей версии (повторял одно и
тоже).
Strange as it might seem, Tom stuck to the task Может показаться странным, но Том не
(continued to work at it) until it was finished. отрывался от работы, пока не закончил ее.
to stick (in) (also in the passive) - be or become fixed; unable to move; fail to work properly -
застревать, завязать
The key stuck in the lock(could not be turned or Ключ застрял (не поворачивался) в замке.
withdrawn).
The bus (was) stuck in the m.ud. Машина завязла в грязи.
The door has stuck (as the result of being freshly Дверь заело (не открывалась).
painted).
Note: With reference to people the verb to stick in this meaning is used only in passive
constructions or in combinations with ithe verbs to get, to become.
We were provided with enough food to last two Нас снабдили едой на две недели,
weeks.
a) to afford to do (usu with can, could) - be in a position to do smth, run a risk by doing smth -
позволить себе сделать что-л.
Не couldn't afford to neglect his duties. Он не мог позволить себе пренебрегать своими
обязанностями.
I can afford to speak freely. Я могу позволить себе высказываться
откровенно.
b) to afford smth, to do smth (usu with can, could) - spare or find enough time or money for -
иметь возможность, быть в состоянии, позволить себе что-л.
I can't afford such an expensive present (a journey). Я не могу позволить себе (мне не по средствам)
такой дорогой подарок (путешествие).
Now Martin could afford to go to the theatre as often Теперь Мартин мог позволить себе ходить в
as he wished. театр, когда ему хотелось.
comfortable a
Не is never comfortable except in his own home. Ему везде неудобно, кроме своего дома.
Do you feel comfortable? Вам удобно?
Will it be convenient for you to start work Вам удобно начать работу завтра?
tomorrow?
The bus service here is very convenient. Здесь очень удобное автобусное сообщение.
We must arrange a convenient time and place for the Мы должны договориться об удобном месте и
meeting. времени проведения собрания.
These boots are not suitable for such rainy weather. Эти ботинки не годятся для такой дождливой
погоды.
Г think a good watch would be the most suitable Я думаю, что хорошие часы были бы самым
present for him. подходящим подарком для него.
"Thus, convenient means saving trouble or difficulty by taking into account the circumstances of the
individual, while, suitable means correct for the occasion or purpose.
8. I'm sorry it doesn't agree with me.
to agree with smb, smth - be good for; suit the health of (often in negative sentences) - быть
полезным, подходящим
to disagree with smb, smth - be unsuitable; have a bad effect pn - быть противопоказанным,
вредным; оказывать плохое действие
Flying by plane does not agree with me. Я плохо переношу самолет.
I must have eaten something that disagreed with my Я, должно быть, съел что-то, что плохо
liver. подействовало на мою печень.
The climate here does not agree (disagrees) with Этот климат для него вреден (противопоказан
him. ему).
to have (in the infinitive only and always, stressed) - allow, endure, put up with - позволять,
допускать, терпеть
I can't have you here until my guests leave. Я не могу вас принять, пока не уедут мои гости.
I won't have such conduct. Я не могу допустить такого поведения.
I won't have dogs in my house. Я не потерплю собак в своем доме.
I won't have you say/saying such things about my Я не допущу, чтобы вы говорили подобные вещи
sister. о моей сестре.
I won't have those reporters ringing up and asking Я не допущу (не позволю), чтобы эти репортеры
questions. звонили мне и задавали вопросы.
10. You may as well get used to them because you'll have to smoke them.
May (might) as well expresses intention when used with the first person, and suggestion or
recommendation when used with the 2nd and 3rd persons.
I might as well go there today. Пожалуй, лучше будет, если я пойду туда
сегодня.
We may as well begin at once. Мы вполне (с таким же успехом) можем начать
сразу.
"I'll talk to him tomorrow." - "That's far too late. "Я поговорю с ним завтра". - "Это слишком
You might just as well not speak to him at all." поздно. С таким же успехом можно вовсе не
говорить с ним".
You might as well throw your money away. Вы могли бы с равным успехом выкинуть свои
деньги.
EXERCISES
1. Ben absolutely abhors visiting and thinks there 'ought to be a law against invitations that go
beyond dinner and bridge. 2. Ben swore he would pay no more visits until he could think up a graceful
method of curtailing them in the event they proved unbearable. 3. It would be very hard to rest there in
the city, with the producers and publishers and phonograph people calling him up all the time. 4. And of
course if things aren't as good as they look, Irene's telegram will provide us with an easy way out. 5. "I
think it's sure fire," he said. "I'm crazy to get to a piano and fool with it." 6. ... faucets that stayed on when
turned on, and an ash-tray within reach of wherever you happen to be. 7. I'd be a fine one to ask you to
my home for a rest and then make you perform. 8. Ben favored me with a stricken look ... and went up to
our room, where he stayed nearly an hour, jotting down his new tune.
to abhor; to swear; to pay; to hit; to stick; to hum; to throw; to drink; to try; to pour; to run; to hold;
to hurt; to enjoy; to jot; to flow; to strike
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and use them in
situations based on the text:;
выходить за пределы чего-л.; вот способ, который он нашел; не иметь ничего против; он
предпочел бы (сделать что-л.); оставить телеграмму у секретаря; отправиться в путь; ближайшие
планы; я никому не сообщу, что ...; Ну, как это звучит? - Великолепно!; принять приглашение; как
это ни странно ...; они бы не дали мне ни минуты покоя; предупредить кого-л. заранее; ему подали
кофе; он пьет черный кофе; полная столовая ложка сливок; он улыбнулся через силу; почему бы
вам не попробовать бросить пить кофе? мне не терпится проиграть эту мелодию
IV. Develop the thought expressed in each sentence to bring out the meaning of the words in bold
type:
1. They cross-examined me about our immediate plans. 2. It will be Liberty Hall for you both. 3. If
he wants exercise, there are miles of room in our yard to walk around in. 4. If they stick to their promise
to keep us under cover ... . 5. It won't take me five minutes at a piano to get it fixed in my mind. 6. But
presently we were summoned downstairs to luncheon.
1. "Listen, dearie," said Mrs. Thayer. 2. It's sure fire. 3. I'm crazy to get to a piano and fool with it
(the tune). 4. Here! Here! None of that! 5. Nothing doing! 6. I'd be a fine one, if ... . 7. How wild we are
about your music.
1. What do we learn from Mrs. Drake about her husband's tastes and habits? 2. What did Mrs.
Thayer think of Ben's prospects of having a rest in the city? 3. Did Mrs. Drake accept the invitation to
visit the Thayers willingly? 4. Why did Mrs. Thayer's invitation to spend a week at their house appeal to
Ben this time? 5. Was Ben in a good mood on the way to the Thayers? How do you know it? 6. What
kind of room was given to the Drakes? How do we know that Ben was pleased with it? 7. Why did Ben
leave his cup of coffee almost untouched? 8. What happened when he took out a cigarette? 9. What
reason did Mrs. Thayer give for not allowing Ben to play the piano? 10. How do we know that Ben could
hardly control himself?
VIII. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
1. Ссора с сыном надолго вывела ее из душевного равновесия. Кто трогал бумаги на моем
столе? Не тревожь его, он спит. Ничто не нарушало тишины ночи. Перестань надоедать отцу! Не
приставай ко мне с глупыми вопросами. 2. Свяжитесь с товарищем Брауном. Она хотела быть в
курсе событий, происходивших в деревне. Он поддерживал с ним связь, пока он был в отъезде.
Мы переписывались некоторое время, но потом я потерял связь с ним. 3. Давайте решим этот
вопрос раз и навсегда. "Вы уезжаете?" - "Да нет, ничего еще не решено". Он быстро уладил дело.
Где они собираются обосноваться, когда он закончит институт? 4. Он упорно держался своей
версии. Я твердо держусь своего мнения. Мы должны держаться вместе. Грузовик застрял в грязи.
Мы застряли в лифте. 5. Нас снабжали всем необходимым. Он не мог содержать такую большую
семью. 6. Он не мог (позволить себе) ссориться с отцом, Теперь она могла позволить себе
покупать дорогие вещи. Он редко ходил в театр, так как не располагал временем. 7. У них удобная
квартира. Метрополитен - очень удобный вид транспорта. Вам удобно будет прийти в 5 часов?
Это пальто не годится для такой холодной погоды. 8. "Почему он уезжает?" - "Ему не подходит
этот климат". Такая жаркая погода плохо действует на многих людей. Я не могу есть жирную
пищу. 9. Я не допущу, чтобы вы говорили подобные вещи. Я не потерплю здесь никаких
мальчишек! Я не могу допустить, чтобы гости работали в моем доме. 10. Я с таким же успехом
могу сделать этот перевод дома. Раз вам так рано вставать, вы можете вообще не ложиться. 11.
Весь город был охвачен паникой. 12. "Посмотрите на эту картину! Как она вам нравится?" "Вы
слышали о его предложении? Как оно вам кажется?" - "Оно кажется мне несколько рискованным".
13. Это выходит за пределы всякой шутки. Совершенно случайно он нашел вполне
удовлетворительное объяснение этому явлению. Как вы напали на эту мысль? Он всегда принимал
их приглашения. Он ничего не имел против дальних прогулок. Она ничего не имеет против такой
холодной погоды. Вы будете возражать, если я закурю? Они отправились (в путешествие) рано
утром. Я вам сообщу об этом в ближайшем будущем. Как это ни было странно, он не пришел в тот
вечер. Нам не мешало бы предупредить их заранее. Нам подали рыбу. Я пью кофе с молоком. Он
положил в суп две чайных ложки сметаны. Она улыбнулась вымученной улыбкой. Ей совсем не
хотелось отказываться от экскурсии. Давайте повторим наши роли еще раз.
IX. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in
bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
1. She was making for the terrace steps, as though she might be coming to the garden house. This
meant a real emergency, for she never disturbed him when he was supposed to be at work. 2. "We'd better
not tell the boy the truth. He is happy here. He looks on Silvester as his father. I don't want him
disturbed." 3. The surface of the water was disturbed a minute and then became clear again. 4. "I'm sorry,
I've bothered you with all our affairs. 5. It was cold on deck. But when Louise asked him to go and get a
rug he said he couldn't be bothered. 6. We were not bothered with the telephone again. All the calls were
put through to the office. 7. He did not want me to marry Joliffe because he thought he would not make a
suitable husband. 8. ... Adam had looked at several houses but had found nothing really suitable. 9. Joy
ran up in an eager, excited way, collecting towels. Her bathing-dress, which she still wore, annoyed
Betsy. It was not quite suitable. In her position she should have known that a one-piece suit was the right
thing. 10. With my money we had quite enough to live on in a comfortable and civilized way. 11. "What
do you think of my car?" "Well, she goes." - "But don't you find her comfortable?" 12. Such, a change of
plan was not convenient, but there was no other choice. 13. I knew they were talking about me. I began to
feel more uncomfortable than ever. 14. It was a comfortable room, with books lining the walls up to
the ceiling. 15. I wondered whether she would cry, whether she would begin to talk about my father. But
she asked me if my journey had been comfortable and if I would like to have some tea. 16. He went
away and said that he would be back very soon. There wasan important matter to be settled. 17.
"That's settled, and you won't go back on your word?" 18. "The English community sticks
together here," Silvester explained to me. "Naturally we visit each other's houses." 19. The little boy
knew that he must speak first, yet he could think of nothing to say and, when he did, for a long awkward
moment the words stuck in his throat. 20. I was not sure how this display of his pictures might strike
other people. 21. "Do you think he means to let us down?" - "He didn't strike me as a dishonorable
person." 22. "We shall be grateful to you if you provide means for us to return home as soon as
possible ..." 23. I walked over to the fire and kicked a log. I would not have him notice for the world that
my hands were trembJing. 24. The plane bumped and tossed in air-pockets and the passengers had to
hold on to their seats. 25. "Will you go on having music lessons?" - "I might as well, twice a week."
26. ... 1 thought we might as well go out and have a drink or stroll around, because there was not much
point in staying indoors any longer.
a) I should (would) have said; needn't have done; may have done; I wish
b) didn't have to do; must have done; now that; needn't do; 1 should (would) think
TEXT 2
About a quarter to four Mr. Thayer insisted on taking him around the place and showing him the
shrubbery.
"I'll have to go to business tomorrow," said Mr. Thayer, "and you will be left to amuse yourself. I
thought you might enjoy this planting more if you knew a little about it. Of course it's much prettier in the
spring of the year."
"Before we go in," said Mr. Thayer, "I'd like to ask you one question: Do tunes come into your mind
and then you write them down, or do you just sit at the piano and improvise until you strike something
good?"
"That's very interesting," said Mr. Thayer. "I've often wondered how it was done. And another
question: Do you write the tunes first and then give them to the men who write the words, or do the men
write the words first and then give them to you to make up the music to them?"
"That's very interesting," said Mr. Thayer. "It's something I'm glad to know. And now we'd better
join the ladies or my wife will say I'm monopolizing you."
They joined us, much to my relief. I had just reached a point where I would either have had to tell
"Hilda" (Mrs. Thayer) exactly how much Ben earned per annum or that it was none of her business.
"Well!" said Mrs. Thayer to Ben. "I was afraid Ralph had kidnapped you."
"It's great shrubbery," said Ben, striving to put some warmth into his voice.
"'The Great Gatsby", said Ben. "I've always wanted to read it but never got around to it."
"Heavens!" said Mrs. Thayer as she took it away from him. "That's old! You'll find the newest ones
there on the table. We keep pretty well up to date. Ralph and I are both great readers. Just try any one of
those books in that pile. They're all good."
Ben glanced them over and selected "Chevrons." He sat down and opened it.
"Man! Man!" exclaimed Mrs. Thayer. "You've picked the most uncomfortable chair in the house!"
"But you mustn't sit there," said Mrs. Thayer. "It makes me uncomfortable just to look at you. Take
this chair here. It's the softest, nicest chair you've ever sat in."
"I like hard straight chairs," said Ben, but he sank into the soft, nice one and again opened the book.
"Oh, you never can see there!" said Mrs. Thayer. "You'll ruin your eyes! Get up just a minute and let
Ralph move your chair by that lamp."
"I don't believe I want to read just now anyway," said Ben, and went to the phonograph. "Bess," he
said, putting on a record, "here's that 'Oh! Miss Hannah!' by the Revelers."
Mrs. Thayer nearly leaped to his side, and herded Miss Hannah back into her stall.
"We've got later ones than that," she said. "Let me play you the new Gershwins."
I won't go into details regarding the dinner except to relate that three separate items were highly
flavored with cheese, and Ben despises cheese.
"Don't you care for cheese, Mr. Drake?" asked Mr. Thayer, noticing that Ben was not exactly
bolting his food.
"He's spoofing you, Ralph," said Mrs. Thayer. "Everybody likes cheese."
There was coffee, and Ben managed to guzzle a cup before it was desecrated with pure cream.
"I'll bet you don't," said Mrs. Thayer. "Suppose Ralph and you play Mr. Drake and me. I think it's a
mistake for husbands and wives to be partners. They're likely to criticize one another and say things that
leave a scar."
Well, Mr. Thayer and I played against Ben.and:Mrs. Thayer arid I lost sixty cents at a tenth of a cent
a point. Long before the evening was over I could readily see why Mrs. Thayer thought it was a mistake
to play with her husband and if it had been, possible I'd have left him a complete set of scars.
"Lock the door," said Ben, "before she comes in and feels our feet."
All through breakfast next morning we waited in vain for the telephone call that would yield Irene's
message. The phone rang once and Mrs. Thayer answered, but we couldn't hear what she said. At noon
Ben signaled me to meet him upstairs and there he stated grimly that I might do as I choose, but he was
leaving Liberty Hall ere another sun had set.
"Geniuses' wives sometimes get eccentric, too," said I and began to pack up.
Mr. Thayer had gone to Philadelphia and we were alone with our hostess at luncheon.
"Mrs. Thayer," said Ben, "do you ever have premonitions or hunches?"
"I had one not half an hour ago. Something told, me that I positively must be in New York tonight. I
don't know whether it's business or illness or what, but I've just got to- be ihere!"
"That's the strangest thing I ever heard of," said Mrs. Thayer. "It scares me to death:"
"It's nothing you need be scared of," said Ben. "It only concerns me."
"Yes, but listen," said Mrs. Thayer. "A telegram came for you at breakfast time this morning. I
wasn't going to tell you about it because I had promised that you wouldn't be disturbed. And it didn't seem
so terribly important. But this hunch of yours puts the matter in a different light. I'm sorry now that I
didn't give you the message when I got it, but I memorized it and can repeat it word for word: 'Mr. Ben
Drake, care of Mr. Ralph Thayer, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, In Nile song, second bar of refrain, bass
drum part reads A flat which makes discord. Should it be A natural? Would appreciate your coming to
theatre tonight to straighten this out as harmony must be restored in orchestra if troupe is to be success.
Regards, Gene Buck.
"It sounds silly, doesn't?" said Ben. "And yet I have known productions to fail and lose hundreds of
thousands of dollars just because an author or composer left town too soon. I can well understand that you
considered the message trivial. At the same time I can thank my stars that this instinct, or devination, or
whatever you' want to call it, told me to go home."
Just as the trainsmen were shouting "Board!" Mrs. Thayer said: "I have one more confession to
make. I answered Mr. Buck's telegram. I wired him. "Mr. Ben Drake resting at my home. Must not be
bothered. Suggest that you keep bass drums still for a week." And I signed my name. Please forgive me if
I have done something terrible. Remember, it was for you."
NOTES
Per annum (Lat.)
The preposition per is a Latin word meaning by, through. It entered the English literary language in
combination with certain Latin nouns, e. g.
The old Latin word combinations are rarely used today except in legal or official documents.
Care of (c/o) is usually written on letters (telegrams, packages, etc) before the name of the person to
whose house (office, etc) a letter (a telegram, etc) to another person is sent.
Mr. Smith c/o Brown & Co. Фирме Браун и Кo для передачи мистеру Смиту.
The examples above illustrate some lexical (1), spelling (2) and grammatical (3) peculiarities of
American English (AE) as compared with British English (BE).
British and American English are considered to be variants of the same language. They display a
number of differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and spelling. But obvious as they are, these
differences in no way violate the whole system of the English language.
The differences in pronunciation are of a most systematic character. They immediately identify a
speaker as belonging to the one community or to the other, Yet even so, there is no doubt that the
phonetic system is essentially identical for the two variants.
The greater proportion of English vocabulary is also common to both variants of English. There are,
however, quite a large number of cases in which different words are used in BE and AE to denote similar
ideas and objects, e. g.
(For other examples of vocabulary differences between BE and AE see exercise XVII.)
The following list includes examples of the main types of spelling differences.
AE BE
color colour
humor humour
program programme
cigaret cigarette
theater theatre
center centre
traveling travelling
marvelous marvellous
The number of grammatical differences turns out to be rather small. They have to do with some
verbal forms, prepositions, articles, e. g.
AE BE
Do you have .,.? (In the meaning "Do you own or Have you got ...?
possess at this moment?")
to start work Friday to start work on Friday
He is in the hospital He is in hospital
The examples given above do not cover every possible difference in vocabulary, grammar, spelling
between BE and AE. What is important to bear in mind is that these differences are not so numerous and
fundamental as to consider British and American English two' separate languages. The more so that
nowadays the differences are getting fewer due to the extensive penetration of Americanisms into BE and
vice versa.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
The predicate in adverbial clauses of purpose introduced by the conjunctions so, so that, in
order that is generally expressed by can/could + infinitive or may/might + infinitive .
Professor Fox invited Erik to his house so that he Профессор Фокс пригласил Эрика к себе, чтобы
could meet the other members of the staff. тот встретился с другими сотрудниками
лаборатории.
He decided to see Dennis home so that they might Он решил проводить Денниса, чтобы поговорить
talk in private. с ним наедине.
"I won't invite anyone so that you should not be «Я не буду никого приглашать, чтобы вас не
disturbed," said Mrs. Thayer. беспокоили», - сказала миссис Тейер.
In Modern English a demonstrative (negative,, interrogative, etc) and a possessive pronoun cannot
be used together. When they are both needed, the possessive pronoun in its absolute form is placed after
the noun and is preceded by the preposition of.
This dog of yours barked all through the night. Эта ваша собака лаяла всю ночь.
This is no fault of his. Это не его вина.
We may also find a noun in the possessive case in place of the possessive pronoun.
I don't like this friend of Allan's. Мне не нравится этот друг Аллана.
Note: The structure this ... of yours, Allan's is often used to lend the phrase negative emotional
colouring; it may express irritation, displeasure or dissatisfaction.
This aunt of yours is spying on us. Эта ваша тетка за нами шпионит.
Note: When the indefinite article stands before a noun followed by of + possessive, the phrase has
the meaning of one of ... .
I thought he was a friend of your sister. Я думала, он друг вашей сестры (один из
друзей).
A neighbour of mine has seen the film. He liked it Один мой сосед видел этот фильм. Он ему очень
very much. понравился.
In set phrases consisting of noun + prep + noun when the nouns are the same, no article is necessary.
VOCABULARY
1. ... taking him around the place and showing him his shrubbery.
I'll take him around and then bring him back. Я похожу с ним и все ему покажу, а потом
приведу его обратно.
I know my pictures are not good. But I paint because ... я рисую потому, что получаю удовольствие от
it amuses me. этого.
How will -you amuse yourself while I'm away? Чем ты будешь заниматься, пока меня не будет?
She amused herself by mimicking Joe to them. Она развлекалась тем, что передразнивала Джо
перед ними.
To entertain is mostly used in the meaning of to receive people as guests; to show hospitality -
принимать гостей; оказывать гостеприимство; устраивать приемы (гостей).
3. ... but he sank into the soft, nice chair and again opened the book.
She sank into a chair and burst out crying. Она опустилась (упала) на стул и расплакалась.
His heart sank at the thought of failure. У него замерло (упало, ёкнуло) сердце при
мысли о неудаче.
Her spirits (her courage) sank. Она упала духом (мужество покинуло ее).
Today's paper gives further details of the accident. Сегодняшняя газета дает дальнейшие
подробности происшествия.
Tell me what happened in a few words. You needn't Расскажите в нескольких словах, что произошло.
go into details. Не нужно вдаваться в подробности.
Не loves to talk about his travels in great detail. Он очень любит подробно (обстоятельно,
детально) рассказывать о своих путешествиях.
Do you think she really cares for him? Вы полагаете, она действительно его любит?
If she had cared for him she wouldn't have left him. Если бы она действительно его любила, она бы
не оставила его.
I don't care for such books. Я не интересуюсь такими книгами.
to care to do smth - like, wish to do (usu in neg & inter sentences) - хотеть сделать что-л.
Would you care to read this article? Вы хотите прочесть эту статью?
I don't care to hear your excuses. Я не намерен выслушивать ваши извинения.
to care (about) - feel concern, anxiety, or interest, etc (usu in neg & inter sentences, the preposition
about is omitted before a clause) -беспокоиться, тревожиться, волноваться, интересоваться,
обращать внимание
1 don't care much about going there. Мне не так уж хочется туда идти.
I don't care (about) what he thinks about me. Мне безразлично, что он думает обо мне.
He failed in the examination, but he doesn't care. Он провалился на экзамене, но это его не
тревожит (трогает).
I'll bet you wouldn't dare to go there alone. Держу пари, вы 'бы не осмелились пойти туда
одна!
I bet you a bar of chocolate that Tom will win the Спорю с тобой на плитку шоколада, что. Том
race. выиграет скачки.
bet n
Не made a bet that he would reach the top of the hill Он поспорил (заключил пари), что доберется до
before any of the others. вершины холма раньше всех.
Higgins made a bet with Pickering that Eliza would Хиггинс заключил пари с Пиккерингом, что
speak perfect English in six months. Элиза будет прекрасно говорить по-английски
через шесть месяцев.
Не had numerous excuses to offer for being late. У него нашлось много отговорок, чтобы
оправдать свое опоздание.
Excuse me for coming late (my coming late). Извините меня за опоздание.
1 find it hard to excuse his conduct. Трудно найти оправдание его поведению.
to forgive vt & i - pardon more serious offences, as personal insults, sins, etc - прощать
I'll forgive you this time. Such things are not easily На этот раз я вас прощаю. Такие вещи не так
forgiven. легко прощаются.
She never forgave him the insult. Она так и не простила ему этого оскорбления.
He was forgiven for speaking rudely to his sister. Его простили за то, что он грубо разговаривал с
сестрой.
to apologize vi - offer an excuse or say that one is sorry for having dorie something wrong or said
something unkind - извиниться, принести извинения
Elsie apologized to her teacher for coming to school Элси извинилась перед учителем, что опоздала
late. на занятия. .
I must apologize (to you). I forgot to ring you up Я должен извиниться (перед вами). Я забыл
yesterday, as I had promised. позвонить вам вчера, как обещал.
If it is necessary for a person to apologize for what he has said or done, he says "Please, excuse me
(for) ..." or "I (must) apologize, Ididn't mean that." When speaking of the incident later, he or someone
else uses only the verb to apologize.
EXERCISES
1. Do you just sit at the piano and improvise until you strike, something good? 2. I've always wanted
to read it but never got around to it. 3. Mrs. Thayer nearly leaped to his side and herded Miss Hannah
back into her stall. 4. ... three separate items were highly flavored with cheese. 5. Ben was not exactly
bolting his food. 6. He's spoofing you, Ralph. 7. Ben managed to guzzle a cup before it was desecrated
with pure cream. 8. Do you like toplay families or divide up? 9. Geniuses are notoriously eccentric. 10.
This hunch of yours put the matter in a different light. 11. The telegram read: "Mr. Ben Drake, care of
Mr. Ralph Thayer, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. In Nile song, second bar of refrain, bass drum part reads A
flat which makes discord.. Should it be A natural? Would appreciate your coming to theatre tonight to
straighten this out as harmony must be restored to orchestra, if troupe is to be success. Regards, Gene
Buck." 12. Mrs. Thayer's wire read: "Mr. Ben Drake resting at my home. Must not be bothered. Suggest
that you keep bass drums still for a week."
to strive; to keep; to glance; to sit; to sink; to ruin; to despise; to bet; to leave; to lose; to yield; to
ring; to choose; to set; to concern; to thank; to forgive
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences and use
them in situations based on the text;
иногда так, иногда по-иному; нам лучше присоединиться к дамам; к моему великому
облегчению; это не ее дело; руки не доходили до этой книги; портить глаза; поставить
(прослушать) пластинку; они непременно будут критиковать друг друга; мы тщетно ждали
телефонного звонка; укладывать вещи; я должен быть там; меня это до смерти испугало; я должна
признаться вам еще кое в чём
1. Ralph and I are mighty proud of our shrubbery. 2. "Man! Man!" exclaimed Mrs. Thayer. 3.
"That's on the square!" said Ben. 4. He's spoofing you, Ralph. 5. I'll bet you don't. 6. This hunch of yours
puts the matter in a different light.
1. Did Mr, Drake enjoy the walk in the garden? 2. Why did Mrs, Drake feel relieved when her
husband came back from his walk? What did the women talk about while the men walked in the garden?
3. What was the unpleasant incident which took place at dinner? 4. Why did Mr. Drake choose 'the Great
Gatsby'? Why'didn't Mrs! Thayer let him read it? 5. What happened when he chose one of the records? 6.
Did Mrs. Thayer like to play with somebody else? 7. What decision did Mr. Drake take the following
day? 8. Under what pretext did he decide to leave the Thayers? 9. What confession did Mrs, Thayer make
to them at lunch? 10. Why did she consider the telegram from New York trivial? 11. Do you think Mrs.
Thayer was offended that her guests had left so soon?
VI. Find evidence in the texts (in both parts) to support the following statements:
1. Ben was hard to please. 2. Mrs. Drake knew her husband too well to. feel at ease at the
Thayers. .3. Mrs. Thayer was too domineering to make her guests feel at home. 4. Mrs. Thayer was quite
unaware that she annoyed her guests so much.
VII. Give a detailed description of each of the following episodes in the third person (Texts 1, 2)i
1. Mrs. Thayer talks Mrs. Drake into spending a week at their place with her husband. 2. The Drakes
find their room quite comfortable. 3. The trouble begins at lunch. Ben is made to do things he hates. He
can hardly control himself. 4. Ben is on the point of losing his temper when he is prevented from playing
the piano. 5. Mr. Thayer annoys Ben with silly questions as he takes him around the garden. 6. Ben is
prevented from reading the book he has chosen and from listening to the record he wants to hear. 7. The
Drakes can't stand Mrs Thayer's hospitality any longer and make up their minds to leave the next day. 8.
Mrs. Thayer makes a confession.
a) Mr. Drake
Suggested circumstances: Ben accepts Mrs. Thayer's invitation cheerfully. Very soon, however, the
hostess's domineering hospitality begins to get on his nerves. He can't stand it and finds a pretext to leave.
He doesn't care what the Thayers might think of him.
b) Mrs. Thayer
Suggested circumstances: Mrs. Thayer is going out of her way to please her guests. She is very
sorry to learn that the Drakes have to leave so soon. Mrs. Thayer does not suspect anything. On the
contrary she feels guilty that she has concealed the truth about the telegram. They part as good friends.
IX. Make up character-sketches of Mr. Drake and Mrs. Thayer. Make a list of words and word
combinations to help you describe the characters.
1. Положи записку на стол, так чтобы ее сразу увидели. 2. Он закрыл дверь, чтобы их никто
не подслушал. 3. Учитель повторил правило, так чтобы все могли его записать. 4. Я ушла в свою
комнату, чтобы мне не мешали заниматься. 5. Он сказал, что будет писать им обоим, чтобы ни у
кого из них не было повода жаловаться. 6. Он отошел в сторону, чтобы всем было видно, что
написано на доске. 7. Я отказалась от всех приглашений, чтобы мы могли с ним повидаться в
субботу. 8. Давай пойдем медленнее, чтобы они могли нас догнать. 9. К вам приходил какой-то
молодой человек. Он сказал, что он ваш школьный товарищ. 10. Вчера мне позвонил один мой
приятель. Он только что вернулся из путешествия по Сибири. 11. Я была раздражена этим ее
замечанием. 12. Этот их мальчишка опять разбил у нас окно. 13. В центре Нью-Йорка Джеф
столкнулся лицом к лицу со старым врагом своей семьи. 14. Он слово в слово передал мне ваш
разговор с ним. 15. Два года мы работали с ним бок о бок.
XII. Give English equivalents for the following Russian short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex.
III):
1. Я хочу, чтобы ты показала мне свой город (поводила меня по городу). 2. Проделки
маленькой обезьянки забавляли детей. Его всегда забавляло, когда он видел ее серьезной. Он не
знал, чем заняться (развлечься). Наши соседи очень любили принимать гостей. 3. Он опустился в
кресло. У нее ёкнуло сердце, когда раздался звонок в дверь. При этой мысли у него замерло
сердце. 4. Он рассказал мне, что произошло там, со всеми подробностями. У меня нет времени
описать вам все обстоятельно (в деталях). Я не буду вдаваться в подробности, если вы не хотите
этого. 5. Вы любите рыбу? Я равнодушна к мороженому. Вы действительно любите такую
музыку? "Вы не хотели бы посмотреть этот фильм?" - "Нет, спасибо, я не люблю такие фильмы".
Он очень рассердится на меня, но мне все равно. 6. Она опять проиграла пари, но это ее не
беспокоило. Держу пари, что он придет. Она поспорила с ним на плитку шоколада (a bar of
chocolate), что он опоздает. 7. Вы опять опоздали: этому нет оправдания (это непростительно). Чем
вы можете объяснить свое*'странное поведение? Не оправдывайтесь, вы виноваты. Это
неубедительная отговорка. У нее всегда находилось много отговорок, чтобы не ходить туда.
Извините, что я вас прерываю (2). Ему всегда прощали его легкомыслие. Почему вы не
извинились перед ней? Она так и не могла простить ему этого оскорбления. 8. Она тщетно
(напрасно) ждала его. Ее замечание испугало нас/ Тебе лучше присоединиться к нам. Я бы не
ждала его. Мы отправляемся через час. Ты бы пошла домой и уложила вещи. К нашему великому
облегчению он все же пришел. Он должен был признаться ей еще кое в чем. Ты испортишь себе
глаза, если будешь читать в кровати. Я давно хотела почитать эту книгу, но всё руки не доходили.
Давай поставим (послушаем) эту пластинку. Зто не наше дело.
XIII. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in
bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
1. He entertained more often than before. He had become more neighbourly and he visited and was
visited by people who lived round about. 2. "Will you be entertaining much at Manderly, Mrs. de
Winter?" they would inquire. 3. I was having the house repaired and made it serve as an excuse for not
entertaining visitors. 4. He ... dined out and entertained when he had the mind to do so. 5. We sat for a
while without talking much, idly watching the people in the cafe. She was amused at them. 6. ... the three
of them formed themselves into a group for conversation, leaving Louise and me to entertain each other.
7. "There isn't much to tell. I can't think of anything that would amuse you. 8. My heart sank at the
suggestion but I couldn't refuse to consider it. 9. If this is the way you are going to talk about your
cousin's widow I don't care to listen. 10. Philip Ashley's house is at the disposal of his cousin Rachel,
when she cares to visit his farm. 11. I went on walking in the wind and rain. I was wet nearly to the skin,
but I didn't care. 12. I don't think my father will care One bit what happens to me. 13. As a boy I never
cared for swimming. 14. ... I've made a study of the problem ... I'm writing a book on the subject. Perhaps
you might care to go over it with me some time? 15. What the principal of St. Bride's (a boarding-school)
cared about was proficiency in work. This his schoolmasters were engaged to produce and sacked for
failing to produce. 16. "Sorry," said Мог. He had made it a rule to apologize, whether or not he thought
himself in the wrong. 17. He excused himself politely though quite definitely from an invitation to
luncheon at the club. 18. I did not go to London for some time after that. I made excuses and cut off my
visits. 19. "I'll bet you ahundred dollars Mrs. Ramsey's chain is imitation," Mr. Kalada exclaimed. 20. She
made me go into every detail of my life.
XIV. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Four for the words and
word combinations in bold type;
1. Гриффин проработал над проблемой невидимости не более двух лет, когда ему
посчастливилось найти решение. 2. Сначала миссис Холл сомневалась, стоит ли ей пускать
незнакомца в свою гостиницу. Но он пообещал заплатить вперед, и это решило дело. 3.
Незнакомец, очевидно, решил обосноваться в Айпинге, так как на следующий день он попросил,
чтобы его багаж доставили ему в гостиницу. 4. Незнакомец, должно быть, не поддерживал связи
ни с кем из своих друзей, так как он никогда не получал писем. 5. Миссис Холл раздражала
Гриффина (действовала ему на нервы). Она докучала ему глупыми вопросами. 6. "Извините, что я
беспокою Вас, но мне нужно починить часы в вашей комнате", - сказала она. "Я хотел бы, чтобы
Вы не мешали мне, когда я работаю", - сказал он раздраженно. 7. Странное поведение незнакомца
начало действовать миссис Холл на нервы. Одно то, что она не'знала его имени, выводило ее из
равновесия. Ее всегда раздражало, когда кто-нибудь спрашивал ее, как зовут ее постояльца и чем
он занимается. "Держу пари (готов спорить), что он какой-нибудь преступник, скрывающийся от
полиции, - сказал Тедди. Хенфри, часовщик. - Я на Вашем месте связался бы с полицией". - "Это
вас не касается, - оборвала его миссис Холл. - Я никому не позволю плохо говорить о моем
постояльце". Но Тедди Хенфри твердо придерживался (держался) своего мнения. 8. Через,
несколько недель миссис Холл уже жалела, что пустила незнакомца в свою гостиницу. "Нам
придется потерпеть (to put up with) его присутствие, пока он платит по счетам - сказал мистер
Холл. Мы не можем позволить себе не считаться с таким богатым постояльцем". Миссис Холл
очень хотелось бы попросить его переехать в другую гостиницу, но у нее не хватало смелости
сделать это. 9. Легран поселился на острове вскоре после того, как ушел на пенсию. Я никогда не
терял связи с ним и время от времени навещал его. Легран всегда радушно встречал меня. Он имел
обыкновение водить меня по острову и подробно рассказывать о своих находках (discoveries).
Несмотря на то, что он редко приезжал в Нью-Йорк, он был в курсе событий, происходивших в
городе. 10. Мистер Сейнтсбери протянул Чарли несколько страниц. "Вот роль Сэмми. Она самая
важная в пьесе". У Чарли замерло сердце при мысли о том, что его могут тут же попросить
прочитать роль. Какие отговорки он может привести? Он не может позволить себе сказать им, что
он едва умеет читать. Чарли вздохнул с облегчением, когда мистер Сейнтсбери сказал: "Иди
домой и выучи роль наизусть, слово в слово". "Держу пари, этот мальчик принесет славу нашему
театру!" - воскликнул мистер Сейнтсбери, когда Чарли ушел. Чарли подробно рассказал брату о
том, что произошло с ним в театральном агентстве. 11. У Тома было богатое воображение, и он
всегда знал, как развлечь себя. 12. У нас редко бывали гости в прошлом году (мы редко принимали
гостей). Отцу нездоровилось.
XV. Read the story and give full answers to the questions that follow the text. Make a list of the
words in the text which you could use in your answers:
Mr. and Mrs. Gregg met M. * Lautisse on the Queen Elizabeth coming back from, their first trip to
Europe. By a curious chance they learned that M. Lautisse was a well-known artist who had suddenly
retired at fifty-three to a villa on the Riviera and lived alone there except for his servants, and never saw
anyone. He hadn't painted anything for many a year and was heard to say he would never touch another
brush as long as he lived.
M. Lautisse was going to America incognito and asked the Greggs to keep his name a secret. He
took to the young couple and accepted their invitation to spend a weekend in their home in "the country.
Lautisse arrived on the noon train Saturday and I met him at the station. We had promised him that
we wouldn't have any people in and that we would respect his desire to remain incognito and that we
wouldn't try to talk to him about art.
Driving out from the station, I asked him if he wanted to do anything in particular, like playing
croquet or going for a swim or a walk in the woods, and he said he just wanted to sit and relax.
So we sat around all afternoon, and Lautisse looked at a baseball game on television for about five
minutes, and couldn't understand it, and I took him down to the basement and showed him the oil burner
(I sold oil burners), and he couldn't understand that either. Mostly we just sat and talked.
I was up at seven-thirty the next morning and when I was having breakfast I remembered a job I had
to do. Our garden fence needed a coat of paint. I got out a bucket half full of white paint, and a brush and
an old kitchen chair. I was sitting on the chair, stirring, when I heard footsteps and there stood Lautisse.
"Had breakfast?" I asked, and he said Madame was fixing it. I said I had been getting ready to paint
the garden fence but now that he was up, I'd postpone it. He protested - I should go on with it. I took up
the brush, but he seized it from my hand and said, "First, I'll show you!"
I'm no Tom Sawyer - I wasn't looking for anybody to paint that fence. It was my pride and joy, for I
had built it with my own hands. I let him finish two sides of the post and then I interrupted.
"No, no, no!" he cried out, just like a little child. He had finished half a dozen pickets when Betsy
yelled from the kitchen door that his breakfast was ready.
"No, no!" he said, with an impatient wave of the brush. "No breakfast. I will paint the fence."
I argued with him but he wouldn't even look up from his work; so I went into the house and told
Betsy. "You know very well how I feel about that fence, and ... that man came out there and practically
wrested the brush away from me ..."
Betsy laughed at me. "Let him paint it!" she said. "He's having a good time."
I went back to the Sunday papers but every now and then I'd get up and go out and watch him for a
couple of minutes. He spent three hours at it and finished the fence, all four sections of it. You should
have seen him when he walked around the house to the terrace where I was sitting - he had white paint all
over him. And he was beaming.
"I finish her!" he exclaimed. He was as happy as a kid with a new rocket ship, and all my resentment
faded. He escorted me back to the garden to examine his handiwork.
He had me stand off at a distance and look, and then move up closer and inspect the pickets.
He went back to town on the 9.03 that evening and at the station shook my hand and said I was a
fine fellow and that he hadn't enjoyed himself so much in years and that he wanted Betsy and me to come
to New York and have dinner with him some night.
We didn't hear anything from him or about him for ten days, and then the story broke in the New
York papers. Some UP correspondent on the Riviera had got wind of Lautisse's secret trip to New York
and cabled the New York office, and somehow they found out. He denied his identity at first, but then he
confessed all and gave them an interview. Along towards the end of the story was a paragraph saying:
Since his arrival M. Lautisse has spent all his time in New York City, except for a weekend at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Hervey Gregg in North Westchester. He met the Greggs on the ship coming over.
The day after the story appeared a reporter and photographer from one of the papers arrived at our
house while I was off selling my oil burners, and Betsy did the honours. They wanted to know every
single detail - every move the great man had made, every word he had uttered, and Betsy told them of
course about the garden fence. They took pictures of it, and more pictures of the paint buckets, and the
brush, and the next morning the paper had quite a story, done in a humorous vein, and the Headline said:
It gave us a sort of funny feeling, all this publicity, but we didn't have much time to think about it.
Early on the same day that story appeared, an excitable little man arrived in a chaufeur-driven limousine.
He leaped out of the car, rushed up to me, grabbed me by the shoulders and began shouting:
"Where is it? Where is the fence?" I knocked his hand down and demanded to know who he was,
but he kept yelling things like: "Has anybody else been here?" and "Show me the fence!" Finally he said
he was Mr. Vegaro from the Millard Galleries, and he wanted to see the fence Lautisse had painted.
He stood before that picket fence clasping and unclasping his hands, and crying out: "Magnificent!"
and "Superb!" and things like that. Then all of a sudden he quieted down, and said: "Mr. Gregg, I would
like to buy your fence, I will give you five hundred dollars cash for it."
He had no more than got the words out when another car came roaring up the driveway and out
jumped two men. They came at us with a rush, waving their arms wildly, screaming "Stop! Stop!"
All three men now surrounded me, shouting and gesticulating. So now I did a little yelling of my
own. They calmed down, and it turned out that the second two men were from the Weddicome Galleries
and they, too, wanted my garden fence, because it had been painted by the great Lautisse.
"You people," I said, "are either drunk or crazy - maybe both."
All three of them looked at me as if I were the one who was drunk or crazy. Didn't I realize that
Lautisse had not had a paint brush in his hands for twelve long years? That Lautisse had sworn he would
never paint again? That a single painting by Lautisse was worth as much as a quarter of a million dollars?
"Look, gentlemen," I said, "I'm a business man, an oil burner man. I don't know anything about
painting. I mean painting pictures. But I do know a thing or two about painting a fence. A mule could
have held a paint brush in his teeth and done almost as good a job on that fence as Lautisse did."
"A thousand dollars for the fence!" said one of the Weddicome men.
"Hold it!" I yelled. "I'm beginning to think you're serious. How on earth are you going to get fifteen
hundred out of that fence?"
"Good lord, man!" exclaimed the second fellow from the Weddicome, "don't you realize that your
garden fence is a genuine Lau-lisse?"
(After H. A. Smith)
Questions
1. How did M. Lautisse spend time at the Greggs'? 2. Why was Mr. Gregg so particular about the
garden fence he was going to paint in the morning? What did he mean by saying: "I am no Tom Sawyer"?
3. What did Mr. Gregg complain to his wife about? How did she try to comfort him? 4. How was
Lautisse's identity discovered? 5. What happened scon after the article about Lautisse's week-end at the
Greggs appeared in the newspaper? 6. What made Gregg think that the world was mad?
XVI. Make up situations based on the text "One Coat of White" using the following word
combinations and structural patterns:
lo provide smb with; won't let anyone know; wouldn't give smb a minute's peace; to take smb
around; I may as well do it; must have disturbed one's peace of mind; won't (can't) have a guest working;
to feel comfortable; to care to do smth; to settle the matter; to get in touch with smb; to bother smb with
silly questions; I'll bet ... ; to go into details; to go beyond reason; to strike smb as ... ; needn't do; needn't
have done; so that one can (may) do smth
XVII. Read (he story and write out English and American equivalents for the Russian words given
after the text:
Claire, mother's American sister-in-law, came to stay, with them for a fortnight. Dick asked his
mother: "Mummy, doesn't Aunt Claire like it here? She said she had a flat somewhere on the way from
London." "Don't worry, Dick," said father, "Aunt Claire meant that her friend's car had a puncture. In
America they call it a flat. Don't forget, that in the USA they speak American English, not British. Didn't
you notice that Aunt Claire pronounced many words in a different way?"
Dick: Yes, I've noticed she pronounced the "r's" quite distinctly, and says "can't" [kænt].
The next Tuesday Claire took her nephew and niece to London. When she asked the children the
nearest way to the "railroad depot", they couldn't tell her. She found out by herself that in England tickets
were sold at the "booking-office", but not at the "ticket-window".
"We must ask a red-cap which track to go to," she said. Joan whispered to her brother, "Dick, what's
a red-cap?" Dick: I think Aunt Claire means a porter.
When the porter said, "Go to platform two for your train" - Claire guessed that the English used
"platform" when they wanted to know where the train would be.
When they came to London, she said, "Wait a moment, kids. I'd like to drop into that post-office. I
won't be long. Wait for me on the sidewalk at the entrance to the subway."
Joan: Dick, where do we have to wait? There is no subway here, it's a quiet street. And what is a
"sidewalk"?
Dick: I think a "sidewalk" is the pavement. But I don't see any "subway anywhere.
So they stayed where they were in front of the post-office till Claire came back. Having found out
why they had not moved, she explained that in America the "subway" was the underground electric train.
Walking along the streets, the children learned that shops were "stores" in the States, and the English
pram was a "baby carriage" and a lorry - a "truck". When they reached a huge building, a department
store, Claire asked an attendant "Where is the elevator?"
On the fourth floor Claire said "О. К., you can stay in the toy department. I've got to buy suspenders
for my husband. You know, straps that hold up trousers. He thinks English suspenders will last longer
than American ones."
Dick: I see, you mean braces. We say suspenders when we mean the things that hold up stockings.
Joan: But a garter goes round the leg, just above the knee, at least our garters do ...
In the evening, back at home, Dick showed off his new American words:
"You know, Daddy, Aunt Claire says "gas" for petrol, and "bill" for a note, and ..."
вокзал; билетная касса; прокол; автомобиль; бензин; магазин; подтяжки; подвязки; лифт;
метро; детская коляска; грузовик; банкнота; носильщик; тротуар
*
M. stand for Monsieur [ma'sja:] - the form of address used when speaking .to a.Frenchman, corresponds
to Mr, (Mister), The abbreviation is pronounced in full.
REVISION (UNITS ONE-FOUR)
1. Теккеру было далеко за пятьдесят, когда произошло событие, которое могло бы изменить
всю его жизнь. Однажды к нему в консульство пришел молодой человек. Он был похож на
испанца. С минуту он неподвижно стоял на пороге, как будто обдумывая что-то. "Здравствуйте!
Входите, пожалуйста, - сказал Теккер. - Чем я могу быть вам полезен?" - "Я думаю, что вы можете
мне помочь, - сказал молодой человек. - Мое имя - Дэлтон, мистер Дэлтон, но знаете, мне самому
странно слышать это имя. Все меня зовут просто Малыш. Я только что приехал из Техаса..."
2. Выслушав Дэлтона, Теккер сказал: "А вы бы взялись за одно дело?" -. "Что за дело?" -
"Разбогатеть в одну ночь и удрать (to get away with it)".-"Это звучит очень привлекательно, но мне
бы хотелось услышать подробности..."
3. "Вы бы могли легко сойти (to pass for) за сына Дона Урика. Мальчик пропал много лет
тому назад, но родители не теряют надежды найти его. Вы с ним поразительно похожи, вам нужна
только татуировка на левой руке. Дон Урика очень богатый человек... Вы похитите деньги из его
сейфа, и мы сразу удерем отсюда. Как вам. нравится мой план?" - "Он кажется мне немного
рискованным... У меня совершенно нет актерского опыта, но, несомненно, план оригинален. Я
попробую (to have a go)". - "Ну, тогда решено", - сказал Теккер, оживляясь.
5. Теккер надеялся, что Малыш не отступит от своего обещания и при первой возможности
выполнит свою "работу". Однако дни шли, а Малыш не появлялся. Он посылал за молодым
человеком несколько раз, но все было напрасно. Малыш хранил молчание.
6. Однажды утром он пришел к Теккеру в консульство. "Вам не надо было столько раз
посылать за мной", - произнес он холодно. - "Но мы проиграем игру, если не будем держаться
вместе", - сказал Теккер и добавил насмешливо: "Друзья должны держаться вместе, не правда ли?"
Малыш молча смотрел на него-. "Ну, хорошо, давайте выясним все начистоту!" Теккер едва
сдерживал себя. "Вы передумали? Или вы хотите сказать, что ключ от сейфа заедает...?" - "Совсем
нет", - резко сказал Малыш. "Дело вот в чем. Я не могу оставить свою "матушку" без сына опять.
Она умрет от горя".-"Предатель! - воскликнул Теккер, дрожа от негодования. - Я не потерплю
этого". - "А я не потерплю, чтобы вы со мной так разговаривали. Я сын Дона Урика и не хочу
иметь с вами никакого дела".
7. Теккер был ошеломлен. Наглость Малыша перешла все границы. Некоторое время он
стоял, уставившись на молодого человека в крайнем изумлении... Неизвестно, что бы случилось
потом, если бы голос Донны Урики не нарушил тишину: "Где ты, мой дорогой мальчик?" -
"Мистер Теккер, я советую вам держать язык за зубами (to keep one's mouth shut). Это будет
гораздо лучше для вас, чем быть убитым... случайно", - сказал Малыш, направляясь к выходу.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
VOCABULARY EXTENSION
I. Read the text paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Give
their Russian equivalents. Get ready to discuss the problem:
One young man talked to us for a full hour on every subject un-der the sun. None of us could get
in a word, not even me, though I'm supposed to know how to do it - I've been a journalist for many years
now. So what should have been a pleasant social get-togetherbecame an awful bore.
Our speaker, for I cannot call him less, was as exciting as a reading of last week's laundry list. He is
eighteen, and that, I think, excuses him, for he hasn't been practising the art of talking for too many years.
He will learn, I hope, that a good conversationalist is a man who has something interesting to say,
and at the same time he tries to make his audience feel comfortable. He is also a good listener and
shows by his interest that he wants to hear what others have to say. He enjoys talking but realizes that
everyone will get more pleasure from the conversation if all get a chance to take part. He speaks
clearlyenough for all to hear comfortably; he is never monotonous, and his speech is full of interesting
things; and, by the way, unlike some people, he looks his listeners in the eye, and not into space.
Unfortunately all too often we suffer from bad conversationalists. They are all the same - they are
always boring; and yet they differ.You can even talk of several types. To begin with, there is the so-
called "monopolizer", for instance. This type of conversationalist wants to do all the talking.
The "show off" type is not very different from the "monopolizer". He is the person who wants to
attract attention to himself, even if he has nothing to offer.
And the "repeater" is a well-familiar type. Hasn't this kind bored us from time immemorial?
And now I almost want to say thank God for the "interrupter". The good thing about this type of
conversationalist is that you can depend upon him to interrupt the "monopolizer" or the "detail man".
And of course there is the "silent one". This speaker has nothing to say. It may be that he has no
information to offer or it may be that he is afraid to say something because he is too shy. Or perhaps he
is the one who remembers that silence is golden, speech is silvery.
Not always, I must say. I, for one, believe that most communication is good. I'm sure that to achieve
progress we must discuss things.
I'm all for discussing things. But the talker must remember that conversation must serve a
purpose. What he says must always be to the point. For life is short, and nobody wants to spend hours
listening to people who talk and talk and never think.
II. Read the text and retell it in the form of a story. Enlarge on the story giving additional details
and using words and word combinations from the active vocabulary and from the previous
additional text:
Harry: Oh, Nora, here's a letter from old Bartle. He wants to come and stay for a week from Friday.
Nora: That will be nice, won't it? He's such a nice old dear.
N: Now, which room can he have? Oh, yes, he shall sleep in Robert's room, and Robert shall share
with Peter! Peter, you will let Robert sleep in your room just for a few nights, won't you?
Peter: Oh, Mother, I don't want to share with Robert: he won't like it either.
N: Just while Mr. Bartle is here, you shall have your room to yourself as soon as he goes.
H: How about Rex - you know old Bartle hates dogs. I'll ask the Howards to take him. I'm sure they
will - they're such obliging people.
N: And shall he have his breakfast in bed every day? I suppose I. must do that for him. (Door
bell) Will you see who that is at the door, Peter?
P.: Yes, Mother, I will. H: Shall I hang up that terrible picture he gave us for a wedding present? He
won't like our keeping it in a cupboard.
N: Oh, yes, you must. And we'll have to have dinner at seven instead of tea at six as he likes dinner
better.
H: In fact the whole house will be turned upside down, we won't have any peace, and old Bartle is
an old fusspot, just as I said.
N: Now who's this from? Oh! Well, you can both breathe a sigh of relief. Mr. Bartle won't be
coming after all: he's got a cold.
III. Comment on the following statements concerning visiting, tact, manners (use facts from the
texts to prove, illustrate or refute them):
1. Visits always give pleasure, if not coming, then going ((Portu-. guese proverb). 2. We don't get to
know people when they come to us; we must go to them to find out what they are like (Goethe). 3. A
perfect guest makes his host feel at home. 4. Good manners is the technique of expressing consideration
for the feelings of others.
1. What is your idea of hospitality? How would you describe a perfect host?
2. Would you say there's an art in being a charming guest? Which is more difficult, to be a perfect
host or a perfect guest?
3. What do we mean when we say that a person is a "good mixer"? What personal qualities make a
"good mixer"?
Do Americans and Englishmen really speak the same language? It isn't only a question of accents.
Spelling and vocabulary are different on either side of the Atlantic, too. Some people would say that the
differences are getting fewer. The new 'language' we call 'Transatlantic English' is helping to bridge the
gap between our two countries. It's a mixture of British and American characteristics in accent and
vocabulary, invented by the increasing number of tourists and businessmen who cross the Atlantic
frequently.
The differences in spelling are well known - for instance words like 'colour', humour', and
'neighbour' are spelt without the ‘u’ in the United States. While the British have kept the original spell ings
of many foreign words now used in the English language, Americans have made a point of simplifying
spellings and often change them in ways that seem curious to their more conservative British cousins.
'Catalogue' becomes 'catalog', and even 'cigaret' has been seen for 'cigarette'.
Some of the differences in vocabulary could lead to amusing situations. Did you know that
American buildings have no ground floor? This does not mean you have to jump up ten feet to get into
them, simply that what the British call the 'ground floor' is what Americans call the 'first floor' and so on -
useful to remember in a department store.
If an American says, he is wearing his new 'pants' and 'vest' to a party - do not be alarmed. He is not
going in his underwear, but 'pants' and 'vest' are the American words for 'trousers' and 'waistcoat'. On the
other hand, if a British person wears his 'mackintosh' and 'Wellingtons' on a rainy day, he will have to
explain to his American cousin that these are his 'raincoat' and 'galoshes' or 'rubbers'. In the USA a
raincoat is even called a' London fog', something which no longer exists in London.
When an Englishman goes on his 'holidays', an American will go on 'vacation'. Arid whereas an
Englishman will be 'ill in hospital', an American will be 'sick in the hospital'.
Americans are more ready to accept new ideas and new customs than their British cousins, and the
same goes for new words.
In some cases the British seem more modern in their use of English than the Americans - some
American English dates back to the language of the Pilgrim Fathers and hasn't been used in Britain since
the seventeeth century. The word 'fall' is considered archaic in Britain, where we use 'autumn' instead. In
the USA people use the old-fashioned past participle of 'get' and say 'he has gotten thin' or 'I could have
gotten here sooner' when in Britain we would always use 'got'.
How American or English is either of our languages anyway? We both owe a lot to languages from
other countries and words that have been absorbed into English tell us much about the histories of Britain
and America. Many 'English' words used in Britain actually come from countries of the British Empire,
such as 'dinghy' (a small boat) and 'bungalow' (a house on one level), both from India. American English
has words taken from all the different nations which have contributed to the formation of North America:
'hooch' meaning 'whisky', is an American Indian word; 'cockroach' (the insect) and 'stampede' (when a
herd of cattle runs in panic) come from the original Spanish; the Dutch contributed words such as 'dumb'
(stupid) and 'boss' (chief); and it is to the Germans that Americans owe that vital word 'hamburger'.
VI. Give a talk on the difference between BE and AE, Make up a written outline to guide you.
VII. Read the poem. Try to trace the similarity in the views of the author of the poem and the main
character of the story "Liberty Hall". Could you accept this attitude towards life?
IT'S NEVER FAIR WEATHER
By O. Nash (1902-1971)
1. The English literary language in the course of its historical development has evolved various
styles each of which has some characteristic features.
The features may form a more or less definite system tending to establish norms for word usage,
rhythmical arrangement ofs peech, syntactical constructions, the character of figurative expression, etc.
Such systems, differing from one another in the manner in which the resources of language are employed,
are called the functional styles of literary language (FS).
In the English literary language the following FSs can be distinguished: the FS of the language of
belles letters (poetry, emotive prose and drama); that of the newspaper, of science, of publicistics, of
official document.
Some of these styles are confined to definite spheres of human activity, for example, the FS of the
language of science or of official documents. Other styles aim at evoking emotional reactions in the
reader or the listener. Among these styles are the FSs of oratorical and poetical language.
The aims set by the FS of poetical language predetermine the character and peculiarities of the
lexical, syntactical and phonetic expressive means used. Poetical speech is always emotionally coloured.
It is also distinguished from prose speech by its rhythmical arrangement and by special requirements of
euphony.
Rhythm and rhyme alone, however, do not make poetry. The essential difference between prose and
poetry lies in the manner of expressing' ideas. In poetical language thoughts and feelings are expressed
through the medium of images. This ensures an emotional perception of the idea expressed. The language
of prose conveys the idea directly to the mind of the reader.
Some of the lexical, syntactical and phonetic peculiarities of the FS of the language of English
poetry will be discussed in the commentary below.
2. Most of the expressive means used in poetry exist in the emotional colloquial speech of the given
language. They are not created by poets. The peculiar features of emotional colloquial speech are typified
and strengthened in poetry. Typical of excited speech for example is the use of two subjects, one a noun
and the other a pronoun, to the same verb, e. g.
This feature of emotional speech is used as a special poetic device to achieve emphasis. Examples
may be seen in the first line of the poem:
3. Another syntactical device frequently used in the FS of the language of English poetry is
inversion. Poets generally use inversion for the purpose of placing the most important words in the most
prominent places, that is, the beginning or the end of the line.
Inversion breaks the customary connection of the word with another word or words, and it gets
special emphasis. In the text of the poem we find the following cases of inversion:
4. Elliptical sentences (i. e. sentences in which one or several parts of a sentence are felt as
missing) are also typical of emotionally tense speech. They are frequently used in poetry and are therefore
regarded as a peculiarity of poetical syntax. In colloquial speech, which is usually a dialogue, elliptical
sentences are considered to be the norm of oral intercourse. The missing parts are easily guessed because
the situation in which the conversation takes place suggests them. However, when elliptical sentences are
used in poetry they become special stylistic devices aimed at making the utterance emphatic.
In the first sentence the link-verb are is missing, in the second, there will be is missing.
The abstract notion expressed in the first line is developed by concrete images of playful
child and smiling wife in the third line.
5. As has been pointed out above, thoughts and feelings may be expressed through images. These
images are visual, aural, tactile, taste and smell perceptions of natural, concrete phenomena represented in
language terms. This means that images are creations of the mind, i.e., they are perceived not directly but
indirectly.
The peculiarity of language images lies in the fact that a word-image is made to refer to the object it
generally denotes and to another object or notion thus causing a simultaneous realization of two
corresponding meanings: a dictionary one and one imposed on the word by the context. If this
simultaneous realization of two meanings is based on the identification of the two corresponding objects
or notions we call such word a metaphor, for example:
The word sunset is a metaphor because there is identification of the two notions: old age and the
end of the day.
Compare with the Russian заря жизни where the word заря is used metaphorically. The
identification is based on the likeness between заря - dawn - the beginning of the day and the notions of
hope and joy associated with it - and the first stages of one's life.
Identification which is based on certain relations between the notions is called metonymy.
Metonymy may be based on different relations, for example:
The game table was gay and happy (the people around the table). Compare with the Russian: Весь
зал аплодировал (люди, находящиеся в зале).
a herd of twenty head (cows or other animals). Compare with the Russian: 20 голов скота.
3) the relation between the symbol of a notion and the notion itself, e. g.
4) the relation between the material and the thing made of it, e.g. glasses (spectacles), canvas (sails)
and other kinds of relations.
In the text of the poem we can find a number of cases in which metaphor and metonymy convey the
ideas of the poet in figurative language. For example, in the sentence:
the word bow is used metaphorically, that is, two meanings of the word are realized simultaneously, the
dictionary meaning кланяться and a contextual meaning to be understood here as subdue (подавлять).
Such words as ore in the sentence "The ore the usurer's coffer fills" and the words camp, pulpit and
several other words in the poem are examples of metonymy.
The meaning of the word ore is a mineral containing a useful metal. But in the text of the poem this
word stands for gold or money.
The dictionary meaning of the word camp is a place where troops are lodged in tents. But in the text
of the poem this word stands also formilitary service in the rank of officers.
The dictionary meaning of the word pulpit is a raised platform supplied with a desk from which the
preacher in a church delivers the sermon.But in the text of the poem this word also stands for Иге office
of a clergyman.
Consequently, in conveying the idea that all the riches of England and all the rights belong to the
capitalists, the poet uses both abstract notions such as learning, art, law, etc., and images which are built
through metaphors and metonymies, such as engine, steel and camp.
6. Verse is rhythmically arranged speech. As you read this poem you will notice that you stress
syllables at regular intervals, according to the beat or measure of the verse. By measure or metre is meant
the arrangement of syllables in a regular order to form a pattern. The syllables are arranged in groups that
are similarly accented. These constitute the lines of verse.
In the poem "The Song of the Wage-Slave" we feel a regular alternation of stressed and unstressed
syllables. The combination of one stressed syllable with either one or two unstressed syllables is called a
foot. The number of feet in a verse varies in different kinds of poetry.
The feet in the poem you are studying are arranged according to the following scheme:
Thus the first line of the poem "The land it is the landlord's" can be graphically represented as
follows:
If we read this verse in a slow, sing-song manner, we shall, of course, stress each syllable which
should be stressed according to the scheme. This kind of reading is generally practised in order to define
the character of the metre. But poetry is not sung today. Therefore words which are generally not stressed
in ordinary speech should not be stressed in poetry either, unless the sense requires that the word should
be stressed. Thus, in reading (or reciting) poetry we may violate the metrical scheme. Hence, the first two
lines of the poem should be read in the following manner:
the anapest ['ænəpist] consisting of two unstressed syllables, followed by one stressed syllable, as in the
word understand .
7. In the functional style of the language of English poetry there exists a special group of words
which are called poetical and highly literary words. They are not used in ordinary literary English and are
preserved in the English vocabulary for special purposes. Highly literary words are used in elevated
speech; poetical words and phrases are mostly archaic or obsolete words of rare circulation in Standard
English, and special forms of existing words (most of which were in use in earlier periods of the
development of the English language).
In the text of this poem we find several such words, for example: craft, foe, toil, mayhap,
where'er. The word craft comes from the Old English word cræft meaning strength, power, force. This
word has survived in Modern English in such compound words as aircraft,handicraft, or such
combinations as landing craft. It is not rarely used in its original sense in present-day English. However,
in Modern English the word can be used as a synonym of skill or art applied to deceive.
Mayhap is shortened from it may hap. Hap corresponds to the modern verb happen. The
noun hap in Old English meant chance, good luck, fortune.
8. "... in coin for coin" is a phrase the meaning of which in the context is fully, as pay.
9. labour's arm
The Possessive Case is usually associated with nouns denoting living beings, e. g. ... the trader's, the
landlord's, the usurer's, etc. However, it is also used with certain abstract nouns, especially in poetry, thus
achieving personification, e.g. Duty's call.
Note that the negative is formed here without the auxiliary do. This is an archaic form and is found
nowadays only in poetry, e.g. It fell to earth I knew not where (Longfellow).
EXERCISES
1. And as the sun we see, each asks, "The rich have got the earth, and what remains for me?" 2.
We bear the wrong in silence, westore it in our brain. 3. With labour's arms, what labour raised, for
labour's foe to spend. 4. The coming hope, the future day,when wrong to right shall bow. 5. And
hearts that have the courage, man, to make that future now. 6. Toil, toil - and then a cheerless home,
where hungry passions cross. 7. Eternal gain to them that give to me eternal loss. 8. They render
back, those rich men, a pauper's niggard fee. 9. A trumpet through the lands will ring; a heaving
through the mass. 10. And still, as rolls our million march, its watchword brave shall be...
1. What is meant by a wage-slave? 2. What is the general idea of the poem? 3. In what lines of the
poem is the struggle of the working class of England suggested? 4. What words does the poet use to
describe the conditions of the toiling masses? 5. What images does the poet use to describe the coming
revolution? 6. What idea is expressed in the sentence "The trader's is the sea"? 7. What is the answer to
the wage-slave's question: "But what remains for me"? 8. What comparison does the poet use to show the
strength of the working-class? 9. What idea is expressed in the line "The engine whirls for master's craft"?
10. What image is suggested by the words "The steel shines to defend"? 11. What image is suggested by
the word combinations: "hollow cheeks" and "sunken eyes"? 12. What words and sentences are
frequently repeated in the poem? Why are they repeated? 13. Why is the word "now" printed in italics?
14. What other English poems about the class struggle do you know?
III. Point out the main thought expressed by the poet in each of the three stanzas of the poem.
V.Read extracts from the following poems. Point out their lexical and syntactical peculiarities using
the commentary given to the poem "The Song of the Wage-Slave":
II
III
By T. Hood (179J-1845)
II
SONS OF POVERTY
By W. Jones
We will never
From the shrine of truth be driven.
II
Ernest Everhard, a labour leader, is invited to a dinner party at Professor Cunningham's. The guests,
encouraged by the professor, exchange their views on various social problems. Ernest seizes the
opportunity to expose the cruel treatmn.-t of the workers at the local mills. He tells them about Jackson, a
worker who lost his arm in an accident. The man had noticed a piece of flint that had got in his machine
and might have put it out of order. He threw off the belt to stop the machine and reached for the flint. But
the belt didn't come off and his arm was picked and clawed to shreds from the finger tips to the shoulder.
When he came out of hospital Jackson could not return to his job. And the company refused to give him
work he could do. So his situation was wretched...
"Nothing. Oh, yes, they did do something. They successfully fought the damage suit that he brought
when he came out of hospital. The company employs very efficient lawyers, you know."
"But the courts," I urged. "The case would not have been decided against him, had there been no
more to the affair than you have mentioned."
"Colonel Ingram is the company's leading lawyer. He is a very shrewd man." Ernest looked at me
intently for a moment, then he went on: "I'll tell you what, Miss Cunningham. You investigate Jackson's
case."
"All right," he smiled good-naturedly," and I'll tell you where to find him. But I tremble for you
when I think of all you are to prove by Jackson's arm."
I found Jackson in a crazy ramshackle house down near the bay on the edge of the marsh. He was
making some sort of a basket and toiled on steadily while I talked with him.
"How did you happen to get your arm caught in the machine?" I asked.
"Carelessness?" I prompted.
"No," he answered, "I ain't for callin' it that. I was workin" overtime, an' I guess I was tired out. I
worked seventeen years in them mills, an' I've noticed that most of the accidents happens just before
whistle-blow. A man ain't so quick after workin' steady for hours. I've seen too many of 'em cut up and
killed not to know."
With the exception of the terrible details, Jackson's story of his accident was the same as that I had
already heard. When I asked him if he had broken some rule of working the machinery, he shook his
head.
His mind was rather hazy concerning the suit for damages. Only one thing was clear to him and that
was that he had not got any damages. He had a feeling that the testimony of the foremen and the
superintendent had brought about the adverse decision of the court. Their testimony, as he put it, "wasn't
what it ought to have ben". And to them I resolved to go.
One thing was plain. Jackson's situation was wretched. His wife was in ill health, and he was unable
to earn, by his basket-work and peddling, sufficient food for the family. He was back in his rent, and the
oldest boy, a lad of eleven, had started to work in the mills.
"They might a-given me a watchman's job," were his last words as I went away.
***
Jackson's lawyer was a weak and inefficient-looking man, and at sight of him two of Ernest's
statements flashed into my mind. "The company employs very efficient lawyers," and "Colonel Ingram is
a very shrewd man." It dawned upon me that of course the company could afford finer legal talent than
could a working-man like Jackson.
The lawyer was perplexed and worried for a moment. Then he began to whine. He whined about the
testimony. The witnesses had given only the evidence that helped the other side. Not one word could he
get out of them that would have helped Jackson. They knew which side their bread was buttered on.
Jackson had been confused by Colonel Ingram, who was brilliant at cross-examination. He had made
Jackson answer damaging questions.
"How could Jackson's answer be damaging if he had the right on his side?" I demanded.
"What's right got to do with it?" he demanded back. "You see all those books?" He waved his hand
towards the crowded shelves of books in his tiny office. "All my reading and studying of them has taught
me that law is one thing and right is another thing. Ask any lawyer."
***
"Why did you not call attention to the fact that Jackson was trying to save the machinery from being
damaged?" I asked Peter Donnelly, oneof the foremen who had testified at the trial.
He pondered a long time before replying. Then he cast an anxious look about him and said:
"Because I've a wife and three children, that's why. It wouldn't a-ben healthy," he answered.
***
Henry Dallas, the superintendent, refused to talk. Not a word could I get from him concerning the
trial and his testimony.
But with James Smith, the other foreman, I had better luck. He agreed with Peter Donnelly that
Jackson should have won his case and got damages. He went even further and called the action heartless
and cold-blooded. Also he explained that there were many ."ccidents in the mills, and that the company's
policy was to fight to the bitter end all suits for damages.
"When you testified at the trial, you didn't point out that Jackson received his injury through trying
to save the machinery from damage?" 1 asked.
"No, I did not," was the answer. "I testified to the effect that Jackson injured himself by neglect and
carelessness, and that the company was not in any way to blame."
"Call it that or anything you want to call it. The fact is that I testified at the trial the way I did ...
because I was following instructions, Colonel Ingram's instructions. He outlined the evidence I was to
give."
"Tell me," I went on, "was it easy to do such a thing at the trial?"
"I beg your pardon," he said the next moment. "No, it was not easy. But let me tell you this. If you
repeat anything I've said, I'll deny every word of it; and if I have to, I'll do it under oath on the witness
stand."
After my interview with Smith I went to my father's office and there I met Ernest.
"I have been looking up Jackson's case. He seems to have been badly treated," I confessed.
"Of course," he answered. "If Jackson and all his fellows were treated mercifully, the dividends of
the company would not be so large. Our boasted civilization is based upon blood."
NOTES
Both Jackson and Peter Donnelly speak an illiterate English. Note the following non-standard forms
which occur in the text:
The form ain't is used for the following: am not, is .not, are not, have not, has not.
The forms are used instead of have given, have been, have got.
d) in them mills
The personal pronoun them is used instead of the demonstrative pronoun these, those or the definite
article.
f) callin', workin'
The omission of the final g in spelling indicates that [n] is pronounced instead of [n] at the end of
the words.
g) an', 'em
These improprieties of speech - non-standard pronunciation, improper grammatical forms - are used
by the author to give his characters definite speech characteristics. They show the characters' vocation,
their education, environment and even their psychology. Only typical non-standard forms are used for this
purpose.
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS
The young farmer seemed to know everything about Казалось, что молодой фермер знает всё о семье
Miss Posie's family. мисс Поузи.
The continuous infinitive emphasizes that the action expressed by the infinitive is in process.
The perfect infinitive expresses an action prior to the moment referred to in the sentence.
Nobody knew the man, but when I saw him I Никто не знал этого человека, но когда я его
recognized him at once. I happened to have worked увидела, я его сразу узнала. Я когда-то работала
with him in the North. с ним на севере.
They seem to have met before. Они, кажется, встречались раньше.
Might have done expresses disapproval or reproach. The perfect infinitive refers the action to the
past.
You might have warned me in advance (but you Ты мог бы предупредить меня заранее. Я бы не
didn't). I wouldn't have waited for you. стал тебя ждать.
3. Should + Infinitive
Не agreed with Peter Donnelly that Jackson should have won his case and got damages.
You should take tha visitors round the museum. Вам надо (следует) показать гостям музей.
You should be reading your history instead of Тебе надо (следует) заниматься историей, а не
watching TV. смотреть телевизор.
Note: The modal verbs should and ought (to) are very much alike in meaning. In many cases they
are used interchangeably. However,ought to emphasizes moral obligation, whereas should is commonly
used when instructions are given in the form of advice.
VOCABULARY
//to tremble for smb - feel anxious on srnb's account - опасаться за кого-л.//
To tremble, to shake, to shiver and to shudder need to be distinguished when they mean to move
quickly or vibrate. They correspond to the Russian дрожать, трястись, содрогаться.
To shake vi is the general term. It may imply any kind of state which is not firm or steady. To
shake may refer to both persons and things.
То tremble vi means to shake with agitation, fear, anger, cold, physical weakness. It implies a
slight, not very noticeable motion.
Her lips trembled and she could not trust herself to У нее дрожали губы, и она не решалась говорить.
speak.
She stood at the door, her whole body trembling Она стояла у двери и вся дрожала от страха.
with fear.
His voice trembled with indignation. Его голос дрожал от негодования.
То shiver vi means to shake with a rapid vibrating movement, esp because of cold or fear.
He came into the house snow-covered and shivering. Он вошел в дом весь в снегу, дрожа от холода.
She shuddered at the sight of blood. Она содрогнулась при виде крови.
I shuddered to think what might happen. Я содрогнулась, когда подумала, что может
произойти.
Kemp was the first to break the silence. Кемп первым нарушил молчание.
She never broke her word. Она никогда не нарушала своего слова.
to break down
to break out - begin suddenly (of fire, war, epidemic, strike) - вспыхивать, разражаться
to be (un)able to do smth - (not) have the power, ability, means or opportunity to do smth - (не)
быть в состоянии (в силах) что-л. сделать
Will you be able to come today? Вы сможете прийти сегодня (у вас есть такая
возможность)?
You are better able to do it than I am. Вы можете сделать это лучше, чем я.
Are you able -to walk another two miles? Вы в состоянии пройти еще две мили? '
He was unable to think clearly at the moment. В этот момент он был не в состоянии ясно
мыслить.
to be (in)capable of doing smth - (not) have the power, ability or fitness - быть (не) способным
на что-л., сделать что-л.
Не is quite capable of neglecting his duty (is the sort Он может пренебречь своим долгом (он способен
of man who might do so). на. это).
In those days only Filatov was capable of В то время только Филатов был способен делать
performing such delicate operations. такие сложные операции.
Show me what you are capable of (how well you can Покажи, на что ты способен.
work).
The difference between (un)able to do and (in)capable of doing is that the first word combination
describes the state of things in a certain situation, whereas to be (in)capable of (not) doing stresses a
person's fitness for doing something.
4. The witnesses had given only the evidence that helped the other side.
witness n - a person who has first-hand knowledge of an event and is able to describe it; also, one
who gives evidence under oath in a law-court - свидетель
Tom was the -only witness to (of) the crime. Том был единственным свидетелем
преступления.
He appeared in court as a witness. Он появился в суде в качестве свидетеля.
Some adjectives take an object expressed by a noun or a gerund with the preposition at.
Dennis was quick in seeing the joke. Деннис сразу понял шутку.
He was slow in taking the hint. Он не сразу понял намек.
Dennis was quick to see the joke. He was slow to take the hint.
to call (smb's) attention to smth - show; point out; cause smb to notice - обратить (чье-л.)
внимание на что-л.
I'd like to call your attention to the following facts. Мне бы хотелось обратить ваше внимание на
следующие факты.
He called my attention to a group of students and Он обратил мое внимание на группу студентов и
said: "They've come to help us." сказал: "Они пришли помочь нам".
to pay attention to - give one's mind to - обращать (свое) внимание на что-л., на кого-л.
to attract (smb's) attention - make people notice one; arouse interest - привлекать чье-л.
внимание
The car was badly damaged in a crash. Машина была сильно повреждена при
столкновении.
The storm did great damage to the port. Шторм произвел большие разрушения (нанес
большой ущерб) в порту.
The fire caused no damage to the pictures. Пожар не причинил вреда картинам.
//damages n pl (legal) money that is paid in compensation for a loss or injury - убытки,
компенсация за убытки to claim damages - взыскивать убытки
to blame smb for smth - fix on smb the responsibility for smth - обвинять, порицать, винить
кого-л. за что-л.
You should not blame him for what had happened. Вам не следует винить его в том, что произошло.
I have nothing to blame myself for. Мне не в чем себя упрекнуть.
EXERCISES
1. They successfully fought the damage suit that he brought when he came out of hospital. 2. He
was making some sort of a basket and toiled on steadily while I talked with him. 3. He looked at me in a
slow and pondering way ... 4. His mind was rather hazy concerning the suit for damages. 5. The
testimony of the foremen and the superintendent had brought about the adverse decision of the court. 6.
Jackson's lawyer was a weak and inefficient-looking man. 7. It dawned upon me that of course the
company could afford finer legal talent than could a working-man like Jackson. 8. The witnesses ... knew
which side their bread was buttered on. 9. Jackson had been confused by Colonel Ingram, who was
brilliant at cross-examination. 10. He had made Jackson answer damaging questions. 11. He waved his
hand towards the crowded shelves of books in his tiny office. 12. The company's policy was to fight to
the bitter end all suits for damages. 13. I testified to the effect that Jackson injured himself by neglect and
carelessness. 14. He outlined the evidence I was to give.
to try; to lose; to shake; to break; to injure; to deny; to win; to pay; to testify; to grow
III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences and use
them in situations based on the text:
вот, что я Вам скажу, мисс Каннингем...; за исключением некоторых подробностей; у него
было такое чувство, что...; как это он выразился (сказал); он задолжал за квартиру; проиграть
(выиграть) дело; давать показания
1. What was Jackson's occupation and how did it happen that he could not return to his job? 2. How
did Jackson explain the cause of the accident? 3. What did Jackson think about the damage suit? 4. What
do we know about Jackson's family? 5. What impression did Jackson's lawyer make on Avis? 6. How did
he explain his failure to win Jackson's case? 7. What did the interview with Peter Donnelly prove to Avis?
8. Why do you think the superintendent refused to say anything concerning the trial and the testimony he
gave? 9. Why did James Smith warn Avis that he would deny everything if she repeated anything he had
said? 10. What was the result of Avis's investigation?
a) Jackson
Suggested circumstances: On coming out of hospital Jackson learns that he has been fired. He is in
despair. His only hope is that he will get some money by sueing the company for damages. However, he
loses the case. He does not understand what has happened but he feels that the witnesses helped the other
side. Now he is trying to support his family by making baskets and peddling them.
b) Jackson's lawyer
Suggested circumstances: The lawyer agrees to handle Jackson's case. He is convinced that the right
is on Jackson's side. But at the trial he feels helpless: on the on'e hand, the witnesses give false evidence
and he cannot, in questioning them, make them tell the truth. On the other hand, Jackson doesn't
understand Colonel Ingram's questions, properly and gives answers which damage the case. The decision
of the court deepens the lawyer's disillusion.
с) James Smith
VII. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
VIII. Give ail possible Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type;
1. We should teach children how to cross the street safely. 2. You should be doing your home-work
instead of watching TV. 3. You are sure to meet interesting people there. You shouldn't miss the
opportunity. 4. You don't look well. You should have stayed at home. 5. "I ought not to have obeyed Mrs.
Clowes," Mr. Cowlishaw thought as he came to. 6, I happened to meet him in the Caucasus. 7. I happened
to have heard about him 8. How did she happen to learn about it? 9. We happened to be studying the same
problem. 10. He seemed to like our suggestion. 11. The witnesses seemed to have been bribed. 12. Bill
should have gone to a doctor at once. 13. You might at least offer me a cup of tea. 14. Why didn't you
come? You might have helped me. I had to move the heavy furniture by myself.
1. Ей не следует напоминать ему об этой ошибке. Это было так давно. 2. Мне жаль, что вы не
пришли проводить его. Вам следовало бы отложить все. 3. Тебе не следовало бы сообщать ему эти
новости. Теперь он очень огорчен. 4. Простите, мне не следовало бы этого говорить. 5. Она,
вероятно, сердится на меня. Я не должна была говорить с ней так резко. 6. Я постучал несколько
раз, прежде чем он впустил меня. "Почему ты так долго не открывал?" - спросил я. 7. Случилось
так, что в этот момент мимо проходил наш учитель. 8. Я случайно знаю этого человека. 9. Каким
образом вы заблудились вчера? 10. Вы, кажется, знаете здесь всех. 11. Ему, кажется, нравится его
профессия. 12. Джон мог бы остаться дома и провести этот вечер с женой, но он все-таки ушел к
друзьям. 13. "Вы хотя бы предложили мне стул". -"Ох, извините, пожалуйста". 14. Вы могли бы
предупредить меня заранее. Я бы пришла пораньше. 15. "Мне могли бы дать работу сторожа, а
они дали ее кому-то еще".
X. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and; Ex. Ill):
1. Зрители тряслись от смеха. Дети дрожали от холода. У него дрожали руки от волнения. Он
содрогнулся при этой мысли. 2. Она первая нарушила молчание. Он никогда не нарушал правил.
Рассветало. Машина сломалась. У него ухудшилось здоровье. Когда вспыхнул пожар? Через
несколько дней началась война. 3. После болезни девочка долго не могла ходить. Она была не в
состоянии нести тяжелый чемодан. Она не способна на обман. Вы думаете, она способна на это? 4.
Мне пришлось быть свидетелем забавной сцены. 5. Ему всегда давалась физика. Он хорошо
решает кроссворды. Она не сразу поняла намек. Раздался телефонный звонок, но он долго не
поднимал трубку. Они сразу заметили опасность. 6. Я хочу обратить ваше внимание на это
правило. Вам следует уделять больше внимания орфографии. Эта картина привлекла всеобщее
внимание. 7. Наводнение причинило большой ущерб городу. Пароход был сильно поврежден. Она
повредила себе руку. Это может повредить его репутации. 8. Нам не в чем ее упрекнуть. Кто
виноват в том, что произошло? 9. Вот что я вам скажу: так не ведут себя. Мне нравятся все его
романы за исключением последнего. У Джейн было такое чувство, что от нее что-то скрывают.
Мистер Каулишо был всего-навсего "любителем", как выразился Рэннок. Я запаздываю с этой
работой. Я сомневаюсь, выиграет ли он дело. Он первым давал показания.
XI. Suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the
synonyms in the following sentences:
1. "You are very young, Jane. That is why I fear for you." "I'm fairly experienced in the world
and capable of taking care of myself." 2. Why it did not upset me, I am unable to offer any reason. 3.
He had been unable to entertain as he had wished at Christmas, and he wanted to do something now. 4.
We found there were cars at Vadheim and Jane was able to arrange for one of these to take us on to
Olden. 5. Any day she might decide to go, and I wouldn't be able to think of an excuse to hold her back.
6. "I suppose you are incapable of appreciating what a fine piece of work it was." 7. Was it possible that
someone in this house could treat me kindly? I measured Jan Pryott with more caution than I would have
been capable of only a few hours before. 8. I saw then that he was trembling with fright ... His hands
were shaking and his eyes were fixed on mine. 9. Favel looked grey, rather shaken. I noticed his hands
trembling as he held the match. 10. She stood with her bare feet upon the floor and shivered. 11. A little
wind sprang from nowhere and blew into my face. I shivered for no reason. 12. Mrs. Danvers took hold
of my arm and walked me towards the bed. The touch of her hand made me shudder. 13. I can see him
now shaking with silent laughter. 14. He looked up at the pantry ceiling, which was shaking with the
stamping and shuffling of feet on the floor above. 15. Weeping hysterically, his body shaking, the boy
reached up and threw his arms round his father's neck. 16. He lay for a moment, then quickly, reaching
with trembling fingers for a sheet of paper on the table, he took a pencil and scribbled several lines. 17.
It was difficult to open the door without attracting some attention. 18. The carriage attracted young
Jolyon's attention; and suddenly on the back seat he recognized his Uncle James. 19. "If you've come
here merely to say unpleasant things you'd better go! I don't enjoy your company." She paid no attention
to this. 20. I paid little attention to his words of warning when he insisted that I was not under any
circumstances to go there.
XII. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Six for the words and
word combinations in bold type:
a) should have done; clauses of unreal condition (did ... would do, had done ... would have done, had
done ... would be doing); I.should/ would say; might have done; I wish you would
b) now that; you didn't have to; might do; to seem to be doing; needn't be (do)
XIV. Re-id the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words and
word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point.
PATIENTS NEEDED
Hospitals are getting more efficient these days and have cut down the time it takes to get a bed for
you. The reason for this is that there is a surplus of beds, and in order to survive, a hospital must keep
them full. This is good and it's bad.
I went to visit a sick friend at the hospital the other day. I had to go to the information booth, which
also handled the admitting procedure.
Before I could ask what room my friend was in the lady took down my name, age, occupation, filled
out a slip and rang a bell. I was just about to tell her I was only visiting a friend when two attendants
arrived with a wheel-chair, placed me in it and started me down the hall.
"When he comes," one attendant said, "we'll send him up to your room."
"Good. Once we have you in bed he can come up and see you."
I found myself in a snail room marked "Private. * Check With Nurse Before Knocking." The
attendant stripped me, gave me a weird, short nightgown that tied in the back, a water pitcher and turned
on the television set hanging from the ceiling.
"Oh, you can trust us," the attendant said. "Even if the worst happens we will see that your widow
gets everything."
***
I was trying to figure how to escape out the window when Dr. Ward came in with several of his
students.
Dr. Ward looked worried. "If you don't feel any pain, that means it's much more serious than we
thought. Where did it originally hurt?"
"This is the toughest kind of patient to handle because he refuses to acknowledge that he is ill. He
will never be well again until he gets over the delusion that he is in perfectly good health. Since he won't
tell us where it hurts we'll have to do exploratory surgery to find out for ourselves."
"If it was," said Dr. Ward, writing on a chart, "you wouldn't Le here."
***
The next morning they shaved all the hair off my chest and refused to give me breakfast.
Two attendants arrived and placed me on a rolling stretcher. The head nurse walked along beside
me. A minister brought up the rear. I looked for help from anywhere. There was no one.
Finally, I was wheeled into the operating-room. "Wait," I said. "I have something to tell you. I'm
deathly sick but I have no medical insurance.I can't even pay for the anaesthesiologist."
The anaesthesiologist turned off the valve on the machine. "And I have no money to pay the doctor,"
I said. The doctor started to put his instruments away.
Then I looked at the head nurse. "I can't even pay for the room."
Before I knew it, I was back in my civilian clothes and out on the street, thrown there by the two
attendants who had first wheeled me in.
I went back to ask what room my friend was in but the admitting clerk looked at me coldly and said,
"We don't ever want to see you in this hospital again."
Outline
6. He's turned out and told to never come back to the hospital again.
XV. Make up situations based on the story "Patients Needed" using the following word
combinations and structural patterns:
to tremble with anger; to shudder at; to be unable to do; to call smb's attention to; to be provided for;
to afford; to treat smb; to be quick to do smth; should have done; to be to blame for smth; to pay attention
to; to seem to have done
In American hospitals they have many little private rooms for one patient with all kinds of conveniences.
*
VOCABULARY EXTENSION
Read the following excerpts from the book "The Iron Heel" by Jack London. Retell them following
the outline making use of the word combinations listed after each point:,
1. The more I thought of Jackson's arm, the more shaken I was. For the first time I was seeing life.
My university life, and study and culture, had not been real. I had learned nothing but theories of life and
society that looked all very well on the printed page, but now I had seen life itself. Jackson's arm was a
fact of life.
It seemed monstrous, impossible, that our whole society was based upon blood. And yet there was
Jackson. I could not get away from him. He had been monstrously treated. His blood had not been paid
for, in order that a larger dividend might be paid and I know a score of families that had received those
dividends, and by that much had profited by Jackson's blood.
Down in the depths of me I had a feeling that I stood on the edge of a precipice. It was as though I
were about to see a new and awful revelation of life. And not I alone. My whole world was turning over.
There was my father. I could see the effect Ernest was beginning to have on him.
2. I met Colonel Ingram at a church reception. Him I knew well and had known well for many years.
I trapped him behind large palms and rubber plants, though he did not know he was trapped. He met we
with the conventional gaiety and gallantry. He was ever a graceful man, diplomatic, tactful, and
considerate. And for his appearance, he was the most distinguished-looking man in our society.
And yet I found Colonel Ingram situated the same as the unlettered mechanics. He was not a free
agent. He, too, was bound upon the wheel. I shall never forget the change in him when I mentioned
Jackson's case. His smiling good-nature vanished like a ghost. A sudden, frightful expression distorted
has well-bred face. I felt the same alarm that I had felt when James Smith broke out. But Colonel Ingram
did not curse. That was the slight difference that was left between the working-man and him. He was
famed as a wit, but he had no wit now. And, unconsciously, this way and that he glanced for ways of
escape. But he was trapped amid the palms and rubber trees.
Oh, he was sick of the sound of Jackson's name. Why had I brought the matter up? He did not relish
my joke. It was poor taste on my part, and very inconsiderate. Did I know that in his profession personal
feelings did not count? He left his personal feelings at home when he went down to the office. At the
office he had only professional feelings.
"Certainly," he answered. "That is, personally, I have a feeling that he should. But that has got
nothing to do with the legal aspects of the case."
"Tell me, has right got anything to do with the law?" I asked.
Colonel Ingram blushed, actually blushed, and again he looked anxiously about him for a way to
escape. But I blocked his path and did not offer to move.
"Tell me," I said, "when one surrenders his personal feelings to his professional feelings, may not
the action be defined as a sort of spiritual mayhem?"
I did not get an answer. Colonel Ingram had ingloriously bolted, overturning a palm in his flight.
3. I saw Mr. Wickson and Mr. Pertonwaithe, the two men who held most of the stock in the Sierra
Mills. But I could not shake them as I had shaken the mechanics in their employ.
They talked to me in fatherly ways, patronizing my youth and inexperience. They were the most
hopeless of all I had encountered in my quest. They believed absolutely that their conduct was right.
There was no question about it. They were convinced that they were the saviours of society, and that it
was they who made happiness for the many. And they drew pathetic pictures of what would be the
sufferings of the working class were it not for the employment that they, and they alone, by their wisdom,
provided for it.
4. I was not surprised when I had my talk out with Mrs. Wickson and Mrs."Pertonwaithe. They were
society women. Their homes were palaces. They had many homes scattered over the country, in the
mountains, on lakes, and by the sea. They were tended by armies of servants, and their social activities
were bewildering. They patronized the university and the churches. They were powers, these two women,
what of the money, that was theirs. They aped their husbands, and talked about the duties and
responsibilities of the rich.
They grew irritated when I told them about the deplorable conditions of Jackson's family, and when
I wondered that they had made no voluntary provision for the man, I was told that they thanked no one
for instructing them in their social duties. When I asked them flatly to assist Jackson, they as flatly
refused. Their reply was that they were glad of the opportunity to make it perfectly plain that no premium
would ever be put on carelessness by them; nor would they, by paying for accidents, tempt the poor to
hurt themselves in the machinery.
Outline
1. Avis is shaken by the results of her investigation (the more she thought ... the more shaken she
was; to be monstrously treated; down in the depths of; to have a feeling that ...; to stand on the edge of a
precipice; to be'about to see; to have an effect on smb).
2. Avis speaks to Colonel Ingram who turns out to be two different persons (to know smb well;
graceful, diplomatic, tactful, considerate; as for his appearance; distinguished-looking; to mention
Jackson's name; to vanish like a ghost; to distort smb's face; to look out for a way of escape; to be
trapped; to be sick of the sound of; it was inconsiderate of; to bring up the matter; (not) to count personal
feelings; to receive damages; to have got nothing to do with the law; to blush; to block one's way; to
overturn a palm).
3. Avis speaks to people of her own class (to hold most of the stock; to talk to smb in fatherly ways;
to patronize smb's youth and inexperience; to provide employment for smb; to be scattered over the
country; social activities; to patronize the university; to grow irritated; to refuse flatly; to be glad of the
opportunity; to make it plain; to tempt smb to do smth; to hurt oneself in the machinery; to pay for
accidents).
3. Law and justice in bourgeois society as shown in the excerpts from "The Iron Heel".
4. The struggle of the working people for their rights in capitalist countries today.
REVISION 1
I. Reproduce the following situations based on the works of famous English and American authors.
Make sure that you use the active vocabulary:
1. After the Micawbers moved to another town David felt very lonely and decided to run away to
Dover and look for his only relative Miss Betsy Trotwood. They had never been in touch, but David
hoped that his aunt would let him stay with her.
2. It took David a whole week to get to Dover. When he reached the town he wandered aimlessly
about the streets for some time as he did not dare to ask anybody for help. He was afraid he might be
taken for a beggar and sent to a work-house.
He really did look terrible. His eyes were red from lack of sleep and his clothes were ragged and
shabby, and he had no jacket.
3. Towards evening he found himself on the outskirts of Dover. He felt faint with hunger and
fatigue. No wonder, for he had hardly eaten anything on the way (it was not surprising, for he had hardly
eaten...)!
4. He sat down by a garden fence and burst into bitter tears: he had lost all hope of ever finding his
aunt.
He must have fainted from hunger and exhaustion; when he came to and looked up he saw an
elderly woman standing in front of him. There was a severe expression on her face.
It was none other than Miss Betsy Trotwood, but David did not know that, as he had never seen his
aunt.
The voice must have roused David from his state of wretchedness. He rose, holding on to the fence.
"I'm looking for Miss Betsy Trotwood, but nobody knows where she lives," David said, making a
great effort to pull himself together.
5. There was a silence. An expression of amazement appeared on the woman's face. For a few
seconds she stared at David as if trying to remember something...
"Why, you are David Copperfield, aren't you?" she suddenly exclaimed. "You look very much like
my poor nephew. My God! How cruelly they have been treating you... but I'll take revenge on them..."
The next minute she was dragging David towards the house.
1. When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker's clerk in San Francisco. I was alone
in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but I hoped to be rich
some day.
My time was my own on Saturday afternoons, and I used to spend it on a little sail-boat on the bay.
One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was
picked up by a small brig which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made
me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were
ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me for twenty-
four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.
2. I was slowly walking along the street, looking at passers-by when I felt I was being followed. I
looked back and saw an elderly man behind me.
"Excuse me, could you come to that house with me?" he said, pointing to a house on the other side
of the street. "They are waiting impatiently for you there."
I was about to say "No, I won't" but checked myself. I was curious to know what it was all about.
"They must have taken me for somebody else," I thought, following the man.
3. I was shown into a richly-furnished dining-room. There were two gentlemen there. They were
having breakfast. At the sight of the delicious food on the table I felt giddy. I stood staring at them
holding tight on to the chair. I hoped that they would give me something to eat, but they did not even
offer me a cup of tea!
4. "We've been watching you for some time and have come to the conclusion that you are the right
man for us," said one of them.
They did not seem to pay any attention to my question, as the one who spoke to me first said; "We
won't go into details. Here's a letter for you. It explains everything. We wish you luck. We hope that you
will live up to our expectations. Good-bye."
5. The servant showed me to a front door and I again found myself in the street.
The street seemed unfamiliar to me. For a while I stood in front of the closed door without
understanding what had really happened and what those two gentlemen wanted from me.
"They must have been playing a trick on me," I thought. "If I had known that nothing would come
of it I would never have gone in there. No doubt they've taken me for somebody else," I thought, and
started off down the street.
"Can they really have played a trick on me?! If they did I shall get even with them somehow..."
6. I was so angry that I completely forgot about the letter they had given me. Only after I had
calmed down a little did I find it in my pocket. What I saw in the envelope was beyond my wildest hopes.
There was money in it!
"What a fool I am to have been carrying such a treasure in my pocket! If I had opened the envelope
earlier I would already be sitting in a restaurant ordering a good dinner!"
7. At first the owner wouldn't let me in, saying that his cafe .was not a charity institution. I
understood that he had taken me for a beggar. "Don't worry, I'll pay," I said, taking out the money and
holding it out to the owner. The sight of the money must have struck him dumb because he stared at the
bank-note in amazement, unable to utter a word.
It was then that I saw what I was holding in my hand! I nearly fainted. A million-pound bank-note!
For a while we were both silent. I was the first to pull myself together and said as if nothing
extraordinary had happened: "I am sorry if it is inconvenient for you to change it, but I don't happen to
have any other money with me..."
My voice seemed to have roused him from his state of shock and he came to himself again. He made
a thousand apologies for not being able to change the bank-note. He kept on looking at it, but shrank from
touching it as if it were something sacred. Then he stammered out: "Pardon me, sir, I don't at all mind
your having lunch in my cafe... I wish you would always have your meals here... anything you wanted,
any time you choose..."
After lunch I read the letter. For some reason the gentlemen wanted me to use the money in any way
I pleased and return it in a month.
III
1. Alice and Jane were artists. They lived on the outskirts of New York in a small studio. They
worked at a porcelain factory where they earned a poor living. But they had one treasure - their friendship
- which helped them to bear every hardship.
One night on the way home from the factory Jane felt a sharp pain in her chest.
"What's the matter with you, dear?" Alice asked anxiously. "You don't look well."
"I must have caught cold. But it's nothing serious, I think."
"You'd better get into bed at once," said Alice, looking at her friend's swollen eyes. "I'll give you hot
tea and put a mustard plaster on your chest. Let's hope that it will be gone by morning."
"And what about my work? I can't stay away from work, I'll be sacked."
"One day won't matter. It'll be deduced from your pay. Don't worry, dear. Get into bed," Alice said,
trying to speak in a calm, steady voice.
But she knew only too well what might happen if Jane was taken seriously ill.
All night Jane tossed and turned, unable to get to sleep. In the morning she had a splitting headache
and breathed with difficultly.
"You'll have to call in a doctor," whispered Jane, and Alice could hardly recognize the girl's voice in
this weak hoarse whisper.
2. The doctor examined the sick girl and said: "The case is serious, she has pneumonia. You should
have had a doctor in earlier, but with proper care she will recover in a couple of weeks."
Proper care! Couple of weeks! Alice thought anxiously. She would certainly do her best, but she had
only a few dollars left to pay the doctor, and they had fallen behind with their rent already!
Alice held out the few dollars she had and said:
"Excuse us, but we don't have (haven't) enough money to pay you now. I'll give you the rest in a day
or so."
The doctor frowned. He was about to say something but thought better of it.
3. For a week the patient's state was very serious. Alice looked after her friend, trying not to show
her anxiety. She did not grudge the expense. She sold everything that could be sold. She worked day and
night, but she earned very little.
At last Jane recovered. She immediately started looking for a job. Every day she left the house in the
morning and came back home in the evening tired and hungry. But there was no job for her. There were
hundreds of unemployed crowding the factory gates and offices. Jane was in despair.
IV
1. Old Ellsworth's daughters were on the verge of a nervous breakdown. In spite of the fact that they
spied on the old man day and night and took every precaution to prevent him from buying unnecessary
things, their efforts were in vain. Old Ellsworth would not listen to anybody.
The only person who seemed to enjoy his confidence was Doctor Caswell. The latter spared no
effort to cure the old man of his illness, but so far all his attempts had failed. However, Doctor Caswell
lacked neither patience nor persistence, and he did not lose hope.
2. One day Doctor Caswell came to visit his patient. The old man was sitting in his armchair reading
a newspaper. When the doctor came into the room the old man put the newspaper aside and said
mockingly, looking the doctor up and down.
"You're right, Mr. Ellsworth. A brilliant idea has occurred to me. Why shouldn't you take up art? I'm
sure you'll make a good artist... How does the idea strike you?"
"But, doctor, I haven't got the slightest idea about how to paint! I've always been a businessman.
How can I ..."
Mr. Ellsworth checked himself. "Well, now that I come to think of it, I don't mind learning a bit of
painting..."
"Fine, it's settled then, Mr. Ellsworth. We shall find a young artist to teach you and you will very
soon get acquainted with modern art," the doctor said cheerfully.
3. That day Doctor Caswell spoke to the old man's daughters and explained to them what he was
going to do.
"Dear Doctor, we have grave doubts whether it will cure the old man of his mania, but we agree to
everything (consent to it)."
"I assure you, it is a splendid method of treatment. I wish I had suggested it earlier. If I had thought
of it some years ago, Mr. Ellsworth would be quite well now and would not be giving you so much
trouble."
4. The whole of the next week the old man was busy reading books on art. Then a student from the
Art School began to teach him painting. It was quite a job! But the student needed money and he did
everything he could to please Mr. Ellsworth.
5. One day the student suggested going to the local gallery to see an exhibition of modern art which
had just opened there. The old man was about to refuse but then all of a sudden he agreed, as if an idea
had struck him.
At the exhibition the old man got into conversation with cne of the visitors. The student did not
interfere. He did not even know what was the subject of their conversation. He only noticed that the old
man looked very pleased.
All the way home old Ellsworth was in high spirits. He kept talking about art, about the pictures
which he had just seen and about how glad he was to have taken up art.
The student wondered as he listened to him. Never before had he seen the old man in such a
splendid mood. He thought that painting was really doing him good.
"I'm going to have my pictures exhibited at the gallery next week. I bet you anything my pictures
will be the best."
Everybody kept silent. The pictures the old man was painting were monstrous, but nobody argued.
They were afraid that he might have a heart attack if he got angry. It did not occur to anybody that the old
man had already devised a plan to get even with them.
Naturally the student was to blame for everything. He should not have let the old man speak to the
stranger at the exhibition. What could the poor student have done?
"Now I'm going to tell you about a funny thing that happened in our family," began Herman
Thurber, "if I had not seen it with my own eyes I would never have believed it. This is how it all
happened.
One night my younger brother Roy could not get to sleep. He had a headache and was slightly
feverish. He had been tossing and turning for a long time when all of a sudden a brilliant idea struck him.
He decided to play a joke on Father.
The clock had just struck two when Roy stole into Father's bedroom which was next to his. He
shook Father by the shoulder and said in a low voice: "Get up! Your time has come!"
Father awoke and for a while stared at Roy without understanding anything.
"What's the matter? Why aren't you in bed? Has anything happened to Mother?"
"Get up, your time has come," repeated Roy, without paying attention to Father's questions.
"He must have gone mad! He's been sick the whole day... we should have called a doctor," thought
poor Father.
Trying to keep his presence of mind Father said in a gentle voice as if nothing had happened:
"Get up, I think Roy must be seriously ill. He's been saying such strange things!"
"You must have had a bad dream!" said Mother. "It's those detective stories you read. If you did not
read them before you went to bed, you would never have nightmares."
"You are free to think whatever you please, but I tell you, I've just been talking to him. I can't have
imagined it. You, you, all of you take me for an idiot..." Father began, losing his temper completely.
"Oh, please, don't get agitated, it's bad for you. I'm sure Roy is sleeping peacefully in his room."
2. Meanwhile Roy had got into bed and was pretending to be a-sleep. When Father and Mother
entered his room Roy seemed to be fast asleep. Mother said:
"The boy is not to blame. You've had a bad dream and waked everybody up. You shouldn't have
been reading that book you bought yesterday when you were in bed. You must be convinced now that
reading it is not doing you any good."
That night he did not sleep a wink. One thought went through his mind, "And what if I really did
dream all that?"
At breakfast he resumed the conversation trying to convince them that Roy had come to his
bedroom in the night. But nobody believed poor Father.
1. The girl arrived ... the town ... a Friday morning. 2. The professor was still ... his vacation and she
left a message ... him ... his secretary. 3. She wished she could get this job. It meant a lot ... her. 4.
Everyone's impression ... him was quite favourable. 5. There was something kind and sincere ... the old
man. 6. She couldn't help sympathizing ... him. 7. He would have been amazed ... any expression of
sympathy. 8. Have you ever had any experience ... dealing ... children? 9. He apologized ... the hostess ...
coming so late. 10. The accident prevented him ... arriving ... time. 11. We doubted ... the truth ... his
story. 12. He failed to convince us ... the truth ... his story. 13. ... dinner we asked him many questions ...
his immediate plans. 14. Would you care ... a walk? 15. He insisted ... taking us ... the garden. 16. We'd
better join ... the ladies. 17. You shouldn't wonder ... his saying this. 18. He has always been rude ... his
sister. 19. She couldn't help bursting ... tears. 20. The boy trembled ... the thought that somebody might
catch him. 21. He fainted ... nervous excitement. 22. She felt faint ... fatigue. 23. If any of our friends
call ... us tell them to wait a little. 24. He was dozing ... the newspaper when the telephone rang. 25. They
were glad to stay ... us ... a week. 26. She could repeat the message word ... word. 27. It was difficult to
cure him ... this habit. 28. She has been having treatment ... kidney trouble ... some time. 29. The
witnesses testified ... him ... the trial.
III. Read the story and retell it. Then, using it as a basis, think of sentences which will contain
clauses of unreal condition:
M o d e l : If Pyecraft had taken his friend's advice, nothing would have happened to him.
I made the acquaintance of Pyecraft in the smoking-room of the club. I was a young, nervous new
member, and he saw it. I was sitting all alone, wishing I knew more of the members, and suddenly he
came, a great rolling figure, and sat down in a chair close by me, and lit a cigar, and then addressed me. I
forgot what he said - something about the matches not lighting properly, and afterwards as he talked, he
kept stopping the waiters one by one as they went by, and telling them about the matches in his thin
piercing voice. But, anyhow, it was in some such way we began our talking. He talked about various
things and came round to games. And then to my figure and complexion. I suppose I am slender, slender
to what some people would call lean, and I suppose I am rather dark, still - I am not a-shamed of having a
Hindu great-grandmother, but, for all that, I don't want casual strangers to point it out. So that I was set
against Pyecraft from the beginning.
"I expect," he said, "you take no more exercise than I do, and probably you eat no less." (Like all
excessively fat people he fancied he ate nothing.) "Yet" - and he smiled a cunning smile - "we differ."
And then he began to talk about his fatness and his fatness; and all he did for his fatness and all he
was going to do for his fatness; what people had advised him to do for his fatness and what he had heard
of people doing for fatness similar to his. "I'd give anything to get it down," he said, staring at me,
"anything."
He came to the actual thing one day. "Our Pharmacopoeia," he said, "our Western Pharmacopoeia,
is anything but the last word of medical science. Yet, in the East I've been told..."
He stopped and stared at me. There was something in his manner as though he knew I might help
him.
I was quite suddenly angry with him. "Look here," I said, "who told you about my great-
grandmother's recipes? Every time we've met for a week you've given me a broad hint about that secret of
mine."
"Pattison," I said, "took that stuff at his own risk. My great-grandmother's recipes are queer things to
handle. Even the smell of them... No! I do not darel"
But it was impossible to get rid of him. I felt annoyed and at last I said, "Well, take the risk!"
Next day I brought the recipe Pyecraft had been asking for.
"Look here," I said to Pyecraft, "so far as I can make it out, this is a recipe for Loss of Weight. I'm
not absolutely sure, but I think it's that. And if you take my advice, you'll leave it alone. Because, you
know, Pyecraft, my ancestors on that side were, so far as I can gather, a jolly queer lot. See?"
I leant back in my chair. "What in Heaven's name, Pyecraft," I asked, "do you think you'll look like
when you get thin?"
He refused to listen to reason. I made him promise never to say a word to me about his disgusting
fatness again whatever happened - never, and then I handed him the recipe.
For a month after that I saw Pyecraft constantly at the club and as fat and anxious as ever. He kept
our treaty, but at times he broke the spirit of it by shaking his head despondently.
I could have fancied he had given up the whole thing when I saw him one day talking to three new
members about his fatness as though he was in search of other recipes. And then, quite unexpectedly, his
telegram came.
I got Pyecraft's address from the hall porter and started off.
A woman with an anxious face opened the door for me. I gave my name and she said, "Mr. Pyecraft
is waiting for you." And then, confidentially, "He locked himself in yesterday morning and hasn't let
anyone in since, sir."
When I knocked at the door I could hear a curious pattering upon it almost like someone feeling for
the handle in the dark. But for a long time the door didn't open. Then I heard the key turn and Pyecraft's
voice said, "Come in."
I turned the handle and opened the door. Naturally I expected to see Pyecraft. Well, you know he
wasn't there! I never had such a shock in my life. There was his drawing-room in a state of untidy
disorder, plates and dishes among the books and writing things, and several chairs overturned, but
Pyecraft ─ ─
"It's all right, shut the door," he said, and then I discovered him.
There he was right up close to the cornice in the corner by the door, as though someone had glued
him to the ceiling. His face was anxious and angry. He panted and gesticulated.
"It's that prescription," he panted, as he tried to climb down the wall to me. "Too successful. Loss of
weight - almost complete."
And then, of course, I understood. "By Jove, Pyecraft, what you wanted was a cure for fatness! But
you always called it weight! You would call it weight!"
Somehow I was extremely delighted. I quite liked Pyecraft for the time. "Let me help you," I said,
and took his hand and pulled him down. "Hold tight to the door!"
"Yes?"
"And as I felt lighter and better after an hour, I decided to take the draught, and then I kept on
getting lighter and lighter -- and helpless, you know."
He gave way suddenly to a burst of passion. "What the goodness am I to do?" he said.
"There's one thing pretty evident," I said, "that you mustn't do. If you go out of doors you'll go up
and up." I waved an arm upwards.
And then there was another burst of passion, and he kicked, out at adjacent chairs and banged the
floor. He spoke of me and my great-grandmother with an utter want of discretion.
And generously disregarding the insults he was putting upon me, I sat down in his armchair and
began to talk to him in a sober, friendly fashion.
I pointed out to him that this was a trouble he had brought upon himself. He had eaten too much.
This he disputed, and for a time we argued the point.
"And then," said I, "you committed the sin of euphemism. You called it, not Fat, which is just and
inglorious, but Weight. You ─ ─"
I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions. I said that it would not be difficult for
him to learn to walk about the ceiling with his hands ─ ─
I spent two whole days at his flat and found myself almost keenly interested. I made all sorts of
ingenious adaptations for him - fixed an inverted bed, ran a wire to bring his bell within reach, turned all
his electric light up instead of down, and so on. It was delightful to think of Pyecraft like some great, fat
blow-fly, crawling about on his ceiling, and never, never, never coming to the club any more...
Then you know, my fatal ingenuity got the better of me I was sitting by the fire drinking his whisky,
and he was up in his favourite corner by the cornice, fixing a Turkey carpet to the ceiling, when an idea
struck me.
And before I could realize the complete consequences of my nol ion I blurted out. "Lead
underclothing," said I, and the mischief was done.
I gave him the whole secret before I saw where it would take me. ''Buy sheet lead," I said, "stamp it
into discs. Sew 'em all over your underclothes until you have enough. Have lead-soled boots, carry a bag
of solid lead, and the thing is done! Instead of being a prisoner here, Pyecraft, you may travel ─ ─You
need never fear a shipwreck. All you need do is just slip off some or all of your clothes, take the
necessary amount of luggage in your hand, and float up in the air ─ ─"
"By Jove!" he said. "I shall be able to come back to the club againl"
The thing pulled me up short. "By Jove!" I said, faintly. "Yes, of course - you will."
(After H. G. Wells)
IV. Read the text and translate it into Russian paying careful attention to the use of the modal
verbs. Make up another dialogue with the same structural patterns:
THE LOST TIN-OPENER
Maggie, Robert, Jane and Jim are English tourists. They are travelling over Europe by car. Now they
have stopped in a small town for a few days. Maggie has been shopping. She has just come back.
Robert: Oh, there you are at last, Maggie. We're absolutely starving. I hope you've bought a lot of
food.
Maggie: Certainly. Here you are: two tins of herring in tomato sauce, one tin of stuffed paprikas and
a tin of beef. Pass me the tin-opener and I'll make you some stew.
Robert: Where did you pack the tin-opener? It isn't with the cutlery.
Robert: No, it isn't with the cooker either. You must have forgotten to take one.
Maggie: No, I can't possibly have forgotten the tin-opener. It's always the first thing I think of when
I'm packing. I must have put it in some very safe place, only now I can't remember where.
Jane: It might have fallen out and got lost on the way.
Robert: Oh Lord, you women! Can't you ever be methodical? Now think hard, Maggie: where could
you have put it?
Maggie: I might have put it in the glove compartment of the car; but no, that's not very likely. Or I
might have put it with the first-aid kit. No, that's not very likely either.
Robert: Don't tell us where you might have put it. Tell us where you did put it.
Jane: We should have brought a spare one. There's always trouble over tin-openers.
Maggie: Now let me think where else I could have put it. Mmm... I know, I may have put it together
with the tent-pegs. That's quite possible.
Robert: No, I would have noticed it when I put up the tents. Maggie, I'm starving. Please, think of
something soon.
Maggie: I know! I remember Jim using it this morning to open a bottle of orangeade. He must have
pocketed it by mistake. He's always doing things like that.
Maggie: He's gone into town to change some traveller's cheques. I don't suppose, he'll be back for
some time.
Robert: There's nothing for it, Maggie. We'll have bread and cheese for lunch.
V. Respond to the following statements expressing probability, doubt, incredulity or near certainty;
B. You needn't worry. He can't have forgotten his promise. He is not a man to let a friend down.
or: B. He may be inquiring the way now. I don't think he has been here before.
or: B. He must have been delayed by traffic jams. It is the rush hour, etc.
1. D'you know, it was he who first told me the story, but he denied it. 2. What happened? Everyone
looks so astonished. 3. D'you know, she didn't even say "Hallo," just stared and then turned away. 4. She
is so agitated. Even her voice is trembling. 5. Believe it or not, he suddenly fainted. 6. The child says he is
in great pain. 7. I can't understand why she is so upset. 8. I waited an hour for them but they never came.
9. I wonder why he refused to come. 10. I can't find my grammar notes anywhere.
VI. Change the following sentences using didn't have to or needn't have done to express absence of
necessity:
M o d e l : a) Why did you wait for him? It was absolutely unnecessary. - You needn't have waited for
him.
b) Everybody knew the new assistant so it was not necessary for me to introduce him. - As everybody
knew the new assistant I did not have to introduce him.
1. If you didn't like their plan it was not necessary to agree to it. I don't see (can't understand) why
you did. 2. It was not necessary to get so worked up. No one was contradicting you. 3. It was not
necessary to go into details, it only made your story boring. 4. Nobody asked me questions so it was not
necessary to make excuses. 5. It was not necessary for Edward to drive his sister home; she had decided
to stay for the night. 6. It was not necessary for me to wait for the bus - a neighbour of mine gave me a
lift. 7. When I came, everything had already been settled, so it was not necessary for me to interfere. 8. It
was not necessary to memorize the text. I didn't want you to repeat it word for word. You should have
read it so that you could retell it. 9. It's all your own fault. Nobody forced you to accept the invitation. But
since you have accepted it, you'd better stick to your word.
VII. Revise the texts included in Units One-Six. Get ready to answer the following questions:
1. How do you think Professor Fox would have described Erik Gorin to his wife? What impressed
him most about the young man? 2. Why did the attendant ask Mr. Cowlishaw if the latter was free and
could receive a patient? Didn't he know that Mr. Cowlishaw was dozing over the Signalwith absolutely
nothing to do? 3. Why did Mr. Rannoch call Mr. Cowlishaw "an amateur"? What did "being professional"
mean to each of them? 4. Why did Mrs. Clowes come to Mr. Cowlishavv, a young dentist? She was
running a certain risk, wasn't she? 5. Why did she insist on having her tooth out? It would have been more
reasonable to have had it filled, wouldn't it?"6. Why did Ben accept the invitation to spend a weekend at
the Thayers' when he hated visiting or staying at somebody else's house? 7. Would you say that the day
Ben spent at the Thayers' was rather trying for him? Why? Wasn't he entertained properly? 8. How did
Mr. Drake use popular belief that geniuses are always eccentric? 9. Why did Jackson lose his case? 10.
What did Sidney call "the turning point" in their lives? 11. Why do you think Charlie was employed by
the theatrical agency at once? Had he any experience in acting? 12. Why do you think Brom Van Brunt
always burst into a merry laugh at the mention of the pumpkin? 13. What prompted Thacker to make a
tattoo on the young man's hand? 14. Why did Thacker's plan fail? 15. Could you think of another title to
the story "One Coat of White"? Give reasons for your choice. 16. Do you think the author returned to the
hospital to visit his sick friend?
1. Еле живой, Давид добрался в полдень до окраины Дувра. У него кружилась голова от
голода и усталости. Не удивительно, ведь он шел в Дувр уже целую неделю.
Прежде чем начать поиски (to start one's search for) своей тетки, мисс Бетси Тротвуд, Давид
решил отдохнуть немного и подождать, пока не спадет жара (to grow cooler). Сидя в тени
большого дерева, он думал о своем будущем: "А что если тетя не позволит мне жить у нее? А что
если она отошлет меня обратно к мистеру Мердстоуну?" Эта мысль привела его в отчаяние (to
drive smb to despair).
2. Когда он пришел в город, он стал спрашивать прохожих, не знают ли они, где живет мисс
Бетси Тротвуд, но все принимали его за попрошайку, и никто не желал разговаривать с ним. Давид
долго бродил по улицам города, пока, наконец, не остановился у калитки какого-то сада. В саду
работала женщина. Увидя его, она крикнула: "Уходи, мальчик, мне здесь не нужны попрошайки!"
Давид не двигался. У него было такое чувство, что он нашел именно того человека, который
поможет ему. "Я ищу мисс Бетси Тротвуд, но никто не знает, где она живет... Я уже потерял
всякую надежду увидеть ее когда-нибудь..."
Женщина тотчас же прекратила работу и подошла к Давиду. "Зачем тебе мисс Бетси? Она не
любит мальчиков",- сказала женщина, так пристально глядя на Давида, что тот почувствовал себя
неловко (to feel ill at ease). - "Я Давид Копперфильд, я убежал из дома, там со мной так жестоко
обращались (to treat badly), что я ..."-и Давид расплакался.
Все, что случилось потом, превзошло все ожидания Давида. Едва он произнес эти слова, как
мисс Бетси, ибо это была она, схватила Давида за воротник, и Давид почувствовал, что его
волокут куда-то.
3. Давид, должно быть, потерял сознание от нервного напряжения, так как когда он пришел в
себя, он обнаружил, что лежит на кушетке в очень светлой комнате.
На следующее утро, когда Давид проснулся, он долго не мог сообразить, где он находится.
Он сел на кровати (to sit up) и огляделся. "Где я? Неужели мне все это кажется!?" Он поспешно
встал, подошел (to go over to) к двери и прислушался. Он услышал уже знакомый ему голос.
Теперь он вспомнил, что с ним приключилось: он убежал из дома и нашел свою тётку.
II
1. Уже несколько часов я бродил по городу, голодный и несчастный, когда мое внимание
привлекло окно ресторана. Я не мог не остановиться перед ним. "Как бы мне хотелось войти и
заказать хороший обед!" - подумал я, рассматривая (глядя на) вкусные вещи, которые были
выставлены там. Но я не мог позволить себе даже чашки кофе!
3. Поднимаясь за ним по лестнице, я не мог не удивляться, что все это значит. Меня провели
в богато обставленную столовую, в которой сидели за завтраком два джентльмена. Я сразу
почувствовал слабость от голода. Я уставился на еду, надеясь, что они дадут мне что-нибудь
поесть, но джентльмены и не подумали поделиться (to share) со мной своим завтраком!
Однако они поздоровались со мной за руку, спросили, как меня зовут и чем я занимаюсь.
Мои ответы как будто понравились им, и один из них сказал: "Мы решили предложить вам одно
дело. Мы не будем вдаваться в подробности. Зто письмо все объяснит. Могу только сказать, что
если вы не оправдаете моих ожиданий, я проиграю пари".
4. Мне вручили большой конверт, и не успел я оправиться от изумления, как слуга провел
меня к двери, и я снова очутился на улице. Я задыхался от негодования: "Я никому не позволю со
мной так обращаться! Что они хотят от меня? Я не желаю быть замешанным в каком-либо деле (to
be mixed up in)! Если бы я знал, что все так кончится, я бы -не пошел туда... Мне также не
следовало бы брать этот конверт... Интересно, что в нем?"
III
1. К часу дня постоялец миссис Холл звонил несколько раз, требуя завтрака. Но миссис Холл
не обращала никакого внимания на его звонки: она решила не давать ему есть, пока он не заплатит
по счету. Он опять задолжал ей.
2. "Как бы мне хотелось отделаться от него (to get rid of smb)", - говорила она своей соседке.
"Его страннее поведение действует мне на нервы. На днях я наводила справки о нем, но никто не
знает, где он жил, прежде чем приехал в Айпинг".
3. Было пятнадцать минут второго, когда миссис Холл снова услышала звонок своего нового
постояльца. Взяв счет, она сказала: "Пойду и поговорю с ним, я должна решить все раз и
навсегда".
"Простите, сэр. Вы звонили?" - "Да. Я голоден. Я жду завтрака все утро. Вы., должно быть,
забыли обо мне". - "Вовсе нет. Я думаю, вы забыли, что счета следует оплачивать вовремя. Я
очень сожалею, что дала вам лучшую комнату в гостинице..."
Незнакомец быстро подошел к ней. "Я не потерплю, чтобы вы так со мной разговаривали. Вы
не знаете, кто я... Я ученый..."
4. На этот раз миссис Холл не испугалась. Она сказала: "Я не сомневаюсь, что вы гениальный
ученый, но мне нужны мои деньги. Я не имею возможности содержать вас бесплатно. Я разорюсь
(to be ruined). Я настаиваю, чтобы вы заплатили сейчас же. Вот ваш счет". Миссис Холл протянула
ему счет, не глядя на него. - "А вот ваши деньги", -сказал незнакомец. Миссис Холл подняла глаза.
В следующий момент она едва не упала в обморок. Перед ней стоял человек без головы!
5. "Боже мой!" - вскрикнула миссис Холл, дрожа от страха. Она хотела было позвать на
помощь, но не могла произнести ни слова. Она попыталась взять себя в руки. Она выпрямилась и
глубоко вздохнула, но это не помогло. Но тут она почувствовала, что ее подталкивают к двери (to
push smb towards).
Когда она пришла в себя, она увидела, что опять стоит в коридоре перед дверью комнаты
незнакомца. "Не может быть, чтобы мне все это приснилось. Неужели слухи о невидимом
человеке - правда?" - прошептала сна. Она долго не могла прийти в себя.
IV
1. Опустив голову (with his head down), Крейн медленно ехал через лес. Он был в мрачном
настроении. Катрина опять отказалась разговаривать с ним. А ведь он поехал на вечеринку с
намерением сделать ей предложение (to propose to smb)! "Неужели она влюблена в Брома?" - вдруг
подумал он. Он долго не мог успокоиться.
Ночь была темная, вокруг никого не было видно. Тишина начала действовать Крейну на
нервы. Он никогда не чувствовал себя таким одиноким.
2. Проезжая через темный лес, он вспомнил легенду о всаднике без головы. Он слышал эту
легенду на вечеринке, которую устраивал отец Катрины. Никто иной как Бром рассказывал эту
историю. "А что, если это правда?" Им овладела паника.
3. Вдруг тишину ночи нарушил странный шум. Крейн поднял голову и увидел перед собой
всадника без головы. Крейн едва не упал в обморок. "Кто вы?" - спросил он дрожащим голосом.
"Я тот, который давно ждал случая отомстить тебе..."
4. Бром беззвучно рассмеялся, увидев, как Крейн умчался галопом (to gallop away). "Держу
пари, он больше никогда не вернется в деревню", - сказал он, очень довольный своей шуткой.
5. Всякий раз, когда Брома спрашивали, не знает ли он, что случилось с учителем, он всегда
говорил одно и тоже: он видел, как всадник без головы уносил бедного учителя. Никто не
сомневался в правдивости этого рассказа, так как с тех пор Крейна никто не видел в деревне.
1. Я расскажу вам, как однажды мы похитили (to kidnap) Джонни, сына богатого фермера, в
надежде получить большой выкуп за него (a ransom for). Мы давно мечтали купить кабачок, но
нам не хватало (to be short of) денег. Нам нужна была еще тысяча долларов. И вот тогда-то и
пришла Биллу в голову "гениальная" мысль. Он предложил похитить сына какого-нибудь богатого
фермера и потребовать за него большой выкуп. Сначала мне понравилось это предложение, а
потом... Но давайте я расскажу вам все подробно...
В первый вечер Джонни донимал нас глупыми вопросами: "Сколько времени вы уже живете
в этой пещере? Почему ты уставился на меня, Билл? Что случилось с твоим глазом, Сэм? Ты
попал в катастрофу? Как это произошло? Здесь много змей? Вашу пещеру надо побелить! Ты
лечишься от какой-нибудь болезни, Сэм? Почему у тебя красный нос? Ты простудился? Хочешь,
чтобы я вылечил тебя от насморка, Сэм?" и т. д. и т. п. Конечно, в эту ночь ни я, ни Билл не
сомкнули глаз.
3. Утром я пошел в деревню навести справки о мистере Дорсете и узнать, что там
происходит. К моему удивлению, все было тихо. Ничто не нарушало тишины летнего утра.
Деревня, казалось, дремала. на солнце. Я не видел ни полицейского, ни родителей Джонни,
бегающих взад и вперед в поисках своего пропавшего сына. "Они еще не узнали, что мальчик
исчез. Я лучше напишу письмо мистеру Дорсету и сообщу ему наши условия".
4. Я должен сказать, что, когда мы получили ответ от мистера Дорсета, мы были в панике. В
записке говорилось: "Очень сожалею, джентльмены, но я не могу принять ваши условия. Однако я
предлагаю сделать следующее: если вы принесете мне двести пятьдесят долларов наличными, то я
соглашусь взять сына обратно. Было бы лучше, если бы вы привезли Джонни поздно ночью, когда
все соседи будут крепко спать. Они смогут отомстить вам (отыграться на вас) (to take it out on
smb), если увидят, что вы привезли Джонни обратно..."
5. Письмо произвело на нас такое впечатление, что некоторое время мы сидели молча. Затем
Билл, который был доведен до отчаяния за эти три дня, сказал: "Зачем мы только похитили этого
чертенка!? Это я виноват в этом. Мне не следовало бы давать тебе советы. Какая жалость, нам
придется расстаться с деньгами, которые мы копим уже целый год!"
6. Вечером Билл пришел и сказал Джонни, что отец купил ему ружье для охоты на медведей
(to hunt bears) и будет ждать его вечером дома. "А вы возьмете меня обратно?" - спросил Джонни с
подозрением, оглядывая нас с головы до ног. - "Конечно, конечно", - ответил я, стараясь сохранить
присутствие духа. Я видел, как Билл содрогнулся при этом слове.