Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect)

Образование Present Perfect

число утвердительная вопросительная отрицательная форма

форма форма
I have asked Have I asked I have not asked
един You have asked Have you asked? You have not asked
He he He
She has asked Has she asked? She has not asked
It it It
We have asked Have we asked? We have not asked
множ You have asked Have you asked? You have not asked
They have asked Have they asked? They have not asked

Значениe и употребление Present Perfect

Present Perfect укaзывaет на связь действия, которое произошло в прошлом,

с настоящим, т.е. с моментом речи.
Эта связь обычно выражается в том, что прошлое действие имеет какой-то
результат в настоящем.
 Время Present Perfect используется в следующих случаях:

Если действие началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем

1. They have known each other for fifteen years. — Они знают друг друга уже пятнадцать лет.

2. He  has lived in Manchester all his life. — Он прожил в Манчестере всю свою жизнь.

Если действие неоднократно происходило в прошлом и продолжает происходить

1. She has bought five dresses already and she wants another one. — Она уже купила пять платьев и
хочет еще одно.

2. I’ve played football since childhood. — Я с детства играю в футбол.

Если речь идет о пережитом опыте вплоть до настоящего момента

В этом случае часто используются наречия ever или never (в отрицании):

He is  the best friend I have ever had.

He has never tried bungee jumping.

Если действие произошло в прошлом, но имеет последствия в настоящем

1. I  have washed my  hair. They are still wet. —  Я вымыл волосы. Они всё ещё влажные.

2. I  have written the essay. Here it is. —  Я написал эссе. Вот оно.

Используйте have/has been, чтобы указать, что кто-либо отсутствовал, но уже вернулся:

1. A: Where has Emma been? — Где была Эмма?

2. B: She has just returned from her friends. — Она только что вернулась от друзей.

3. Have you ever been to Italy? — Ты когда-нибудь был в Италии?

 Маркеры

Маркерами Present Perfect являются: for, since, already, just, always, recently, ever, how long, yet,
lately, never, so far, today, this morning/afternoon/week/month/year и т.д.

В утверждениях
 for: I have known them for six years.
 since: She has been ill since Monday.
 already: We have already eaten our lunch.
 just: I have just posted the letter.
 always: She has always wanted to travel abroad.
 recently: He has recently published a book.
В вопросах
 ever: Have you ever met anybody famous?
 how long: How long have you lived here?
 yet: Has Paul left yet?
 lately: Have you seen any good films lately?
В отрицаниях
 for: I haven’t talked to him for days.
 since: They haven’t been abroad since 1990.
 yet: She hasn’t answered my letter yet.
 lately: I haven’t seen John lately.
 never: They have never worked abroad.

Present Perfect: exercises

I. Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following: has arrived, has broken,
has gone up, has grown, has improved, has lost.
1. Mike is looking for his key. He can’t find it. ……. He has lost his key…… .
2. Margaret can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. She ………………………… .
3. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is much better. ………………... .
4. Tim didn’t have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. ………………… .
5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. …………………….. .
6. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. ……………………….. .

II. Complete B’s sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet (as shown).

Would you like something to eat?
Do you know where Julia is?
What time is David leaving?
What’s in the newspaper today?
Is Ann coming to the cinema with us?
Are your friends here yet?
What does Tom think about your
plan?
No, thanks. I …’ve just had …lunch.
(just/have)
Yes, I …………………. her. (just/see)
He ………………….. . (already/leave)
I don’t know. I ……… . (not/read/yet)
No, she ……… the film. (already/see)
Yes, they ………………. .(just/arrive)
I ………………………. . (not/tell/yet)

A B
III. Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.

1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says “Would you like something to eat?”
You say: No, thank you. ……I’ve just had lunch. ……. (have lunch)
2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says “Can I speak to Joe?” You
say: I’m afraid …………………….. . (go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate
away. You say: Wait a minute! …………………………….. . (not/finish)
4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says
“Shall I phone to reserve a table?” You say: No, …………………….. it. (do)
5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her.
You say: …………………………….. ? (find)
6. Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks “Is Ann still at the
bank?” You say: No, …………………………… . (come back)
IV. Complete B’s answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from this
list: be, be, eat, happen, have, meet, play, read, see, see, try.

-What’s George’s sister like?
-How is Amy these days?
-Are you hungry?
-Can you play chess?
-Did you enjoy your holiday?
-What’s that book like?
-Is Brussels an interesting place?
-Mike was late for work again today.
-Do you like caviar?
-The car broke down again yesterday.
-Who’s that woman by the door?
I’ve no idea. …….. I’ve never met ……her.
I don’t know. I …………… her recently.
Yes. I ………………………much today.
Yes, but ………………………. for ages.
Yes, it’s the best holiday ……………………
for a long time.
I don’t know. ………………………… it.
I’ve no idea. ……………………… there.
Again? He …………………………… every
day this week.
I don’t know. ………………………… it.
Not again! That’s the second time …………….
this week.
I don’t know. …………………… before.
V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present perfect.
1. A: Have you ever given an interview?
B: No, I …… have never done…… (never/do) that.
2. A: What time does the train leave?
B: It ……………………….. (just/leave)!
3. A: Is the new restaurant good?
B: I ……………………….. (not/eat) there yet.
4. A: Shall I do the shopping now?
B: No, I …………………………. (already/do) it.
5. A: Julia, are you ready?
B: No, I …………………………. (not/dry) my hair yet.
6. A: Would you like to have lunch with me?
B: No, thanks. I ………………………….. (already/eat).