Буданова А.А.

Англо-русский глоссарий
по теме социолингвистика
English-Russian glossary
on sociolinguistics
25 лексических единиц

1-ое издание

Владивосток

Markov production
2023

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 Введение
Англо-русский глоссарий по теме социолингвистика содержит 25
основных терминов по социолингвистике на английском языке. Он поможет
читателю найти ответы на следующие вопросы: 1) Как термин пишется на
английском языке? 2) Как термин переводится на русский язык? 3) Что
означает тот или иной термин на английском языке? Для удобства поиска
термины расположены в алфавитном порядке.

Отбор лексических единиц произведен по английским и американским

словарям.

Глоссарий предназначен для лингвистов, научных работников, а также

для лиц, изучающих английский язык.

В ходе работы были использованы лекции и рекомендации старшего

преподавателя кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации Маркова
Даниила Анатольевича.

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 Как пользоваться глоссарием?
1. Словарь состоит из словарных статей, содержащих сведения об
орфографии, произношении, дефиниции и русском написании.
2. Заглавные слова, представляющие собой социолингвистические термины,
расположены в алфавитном порядке и выделены черным полужирным
курсивным шрифтом.
3. После заглавного слова или группы заглавных слов в квадратных скобках
указывается их произношение. Для этого используется фонетическая
транскрипция. Например:

Bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl]

4. Русское написание английских терминов следует за фонетической

транскрипцией. Ударный слог в русском написании указан знаком ́ ,
например:

Били́нгв

5. После русского написания через « – » дается английская дефиниция

термина.

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 A
Autochthonous language [ɔːˈtɒkθənəs ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ] Автохто́нный язык –
Indigenous language. Usually used in relation to small and endangered languages.

Аccommodation [əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn] Аккомода́ция – The strategy of verbal

communication, manifested in a personal conversation. As a result of
accommodation, the distance of communication between people is reduced or
increased. More often, accommodation manifests itself in the form of convergence, in
which the participants in the conversation adjust to the accent, dialect or other
features of the interlocutor's language. A form of divergence may be used in which
the speaker makes his language more dissimilar to the interlocutor's language in order
to emphasize social distance or express disapproval.

Acculturation [əˌkʌltʃəˈreɪʃn] Аккультура́ция – the influence of national

cultures and languages on each other, which consists in the adaptation of an
individual or a cultural community to a foreign cultural environment, that is, the
assimilation of the facts, norms and values of this new culture.

Acrolect [ˈæk.rə.lekt] Акроле́кт – A variant of the language in the post-Creole

continuum, resulting from the mixing of the Creole language and the language-
lexifier. This form of a language that is considered to have a higher status than other
forms.

Accent [ˈæksent] Акце́нт – a way of pronouncing the words of a language that

shows which country, area or social class a person comes from. In some linguistic
communities, for example in Britain, the accent serves as a marker of the speaker's
level of education, his social status and professional affiliation.

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 В
Basilect [ˈbæsɪlekt] Базиле́кт – A variant of the language that develops in the
post-Creole continuum as a result of mixing the Creal language and its basic source
language. This form is considered to have a lower status than other forms.
Bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl] Били́нгв – a person who can speak two languages
equally well.
Bilingualism [baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl.ɪ.zəm] Билингви́зм – the fact of using or being able
to speak two languages; the fact or official policy of using two languages in a
country, region, etc. and giving them equal importance.

C
Codification [ˌkəʊdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] Кодифика́ция – acceptance of the normativity of
linguistic phenomena or facts recorded in dictionaries, grammars, the development of
rules and regulations that contribute to the preservation of literary norms and their
scientifically based updating.
Communicative competence [kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv ˈkɒmpɪtəns] Коммуникати́вная
компете́нция – Language proficiency, understood as the ability to choose options
due to situational, social or other non-linguistic factors, studied by situational
grammar. Communicative competence is acquired by an individual in the process of
socialization, it allows a person to feel like a member of a socially conditioned
system of communication.
Creolization [ˌkriːəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] Креолиза́ция– the process of languages mixing
to produce new ones, used especially to refer to mixtures of local languages with
European languages

D
Diglossia [daɪˈɡlɒsiə] Диглосси́я – a situation in which two languages or two
forms of a language are used under different conditions in a community.
Dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt] Диале́кт – A language system that serves as a means of
communication for a small territorially closed or connected social community of a
group of people.

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 G
Gender [ˈdʒendə(r)] Ге́ндер – a specific set of sociocultural and psychological
characteristics that determine the social behavior of women and men, their
relationships with each other, and also determines their position and role in society
and in such social institutions as the family, economy, culture, and various structures.
In combination with factors such as race, nationality, class, age, gender organizes a
system of social hierarchy and is one of the ways in which society is socially
stratified.
Glottophagia [ɡlɒtɑˈfeɪʤiə] Глоттофа́гия – the displacement of one language
- the language of minorities by another - the language of the dominant group in terms
of contact.

I
Identity [aɪˈdentəti] Иденти́чность – Psychological correlation of an
individual with a social group or ethno-social community with which he shares
norms, values, group attitudes; perception of a person by others. Positive or negative
group identity is aimed at the recognition or non-recognition of the individual as a
member of "their" group. Different types of identity are distinguished: actual, age,
local, class (estate), confessional, cultural, national, sub-ethnic identity.

Idiolect [ˈɪdiəlekt] Идиоле́кт – 1. The set of phonetic, grammatical, lexical,

stylistic features of the speech of a native speaker. 2. Realization in the speech of an
individual of various variants of the language: territorial and social dialects, gender.

Interference [ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns] Интерфере́нция – 1. The interaction of language

systems in the conditions of bilingualism, expressed in deviations from the norms of
any of the languages that are observed in the speech of bilingual individuals.
2. Deviations from the norms of the second language under the influence of the native
language in written and spoken bilingual speech.

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 International language [ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ] Межднаро́дный язы́к – A
language that serves as a means of communication between different peoples and
states of the world.

L
Lingua franca [ˌlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə] Ли́нгва фра́нка – a shared language of
communication used between people whose main languages are different.

M
Mesolect [ˌmiː.səˈlekt] Мезоле́кт – One of the components of the post-Creole
continuum resulting from the interaction of the lexifier language and the Creole
language. This is the middle stage of learning a foreign or second language.
Minority language [maɪˈnɒr.ə.ti ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ] Минорита́рный язы́к – The
language of the national minority, performs few social functions. Its use is limited to
the administrative territories where the majority of its speakers live.

P
Pidgin [ˈpɪdʒ.ɪn] Пи́джин – a language that has developed from a mixture of
two languages. It is used as a way of communicating by people who do not speak
each other's languages.

V
Variability [ˌveəriəˈbɪləti] Вариати́вность – The ability of a language in the
process of evolution to create competing means of expression at all levels of its
structure (phonetic; morphemic; lexical; syntactic; stylistic) under the influence of
internal and external laws of language development.

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 W
World language [wɜːld ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ] Мирово́й язы́к – The language used in
official international relations. It is a language that has the legal status of official and
working languages of international organizations and conferences.

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 Содержание

Введение 2
Как пользоваться глоссарием? 3
Глоссарий A-W 4
Английский алфавит 9

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