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Сухопутные войска Великобритании. Английский язык PDF
Сухопутные войска Великобритании. Английский язык PDF
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ТОМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
СУХОПУТНЫЕ ВОЙСКА
ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебное пособие
Томск
Издательский Дом Томского государственного университета
2014
УДК 811.111’25(075.8)
ББК 81.2-7я73
Ш379
Рецензенты:
заведующая кафедрой китайского языка факультета иностранных языков
Томского государственного университета кандидат педагогических наук
Тихонова Евгения Владимировна;
доцент цикла военного перевода учебного военного центра
Сибирского федерального университета кандидат педагогических наук
Лушников Юрий Юрьевич
УДК 811.581’25(075.8)
ББК 81.711-7
2
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Предлагаемое пособие предназначено для обучения студентов,
проходящих военную подготовку по специальности «Лингвисти-
ческое обеспечение военной деятельности» в ходе изучения дис-
циплины «Практический курс военного перевода (английский
язык)».
Настоящее учебное пособие может служить учебным материа-
лом для студентов, изучающих английский язык и желающих са-
мостоятельно пополнить свои знания в области английской воен-
ной терминологии, приобрести и усовершенствовать навыки и
умения в военном переводе.
Пособие состоит из методической записки, где раскрыты ос-
новные принципы, использованные при создании пособия и ос-
новной части, состоящей из 12 уроков.
Каждый урок включает поурочный словарь, вводные упражнения,
тематические материалы (основной текст урока и необходимые
схемы) и переводческие упражнения.
При составлении пособия использовались оригинальные тек-
сты, опубликованные в открытой печати. В ряде случаев тексты
были переработаны.
3
МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА
Данное пособие предназначено для обучения студентов, прохо-
дящих военную подготовку по специальности «Лингвистическое
обеспечение военной деятельности». Оно включает в себя упраж-
нения для отработки основных переводческих навыков и умений,
таких как зрительно-письменный перевод, зрительно-устный пере-
вод, абзацно-фразовый перевод и последовательный перевод.
Пособие также дает обучаемым необходимую информацию об
организации, задачах, принципах комплектования сухопутных
войск Великобритании, а также об организации и вооружении
британской мотопехоты и сил специального назначения и основ-
ную военную терминологию по данным темам.
Основные принципы, используемые в пособии это систематич-
ность, последовательность, доступность и наглядность. При про-
ведении каждого занятия предусмотрено активное использование
технических средств обучения.
Все упражнения, используемые в пособии, являются практиче-
скими. Они разделены на вводные, предшествующие тексту урока,
предназначенные в первую очередь для изучения терминологии
занятия и основные, следующие за текстом урока и направленные
на закрепление языкового материала.
Каждое занятие начинается с поурочного словаря, включающе-
го основные военные термины на английском языке и их перевод
на русский язык.
При подготовке к занятию, курсанты должны выучить терми-
нологию урока и самостоятельно выполнить все необходимые
упражнения, как вводные, так и некоторые из основных, в частно-
сти, на письменный перевод.
Необходимые для самостоятельного выполнения задания,
определяются преподавателем на предыдущем занятии, в форме
задания на самостоятельную подготовку.
4
Занятие начинается с письменного опроса по терминологии, за-
тем выполняются подготовительные упражнения, после этого при-
ступают к основным упражнениям занятия. В ходе занятия препо-
давателю необходимо проверить письменные переводы студентов,
с указанием характерных ошибок.
Перед проведением занятия, преподаватель должен заблаго-
временно подготовить необходимые технические средства, соста-
вить презентацию, записать необходимые аудио и видеоматериалы.
5
LESSON 1: ORGANISATION OF THE BRITISH ARMY
Active terms and expressions
organisation (org) организация; структура; подразделе-
ние
Army сухопутные войска [армия] Велико-
британия (включая резервные
формирования)
regular (reg) регулярный; кадровый
Regular Army (RA) регулярные (кадровые) сухопутные
войска
deployable; operational боеготовый
standing army регулярная (постоянная) армия
personnel (pers) личный состав
Army Reserve (ARes) резерв (личного состава) сухопутных
войск
Long Term Reserve длительный резерв
Reserve Forces Act (RFA) закон о резерве СВ
Sponsored Reserve спонсорский резерв
officer (off) офицер
warrant officer уорент-офицер
other ranks (OR) военнослужащий рядового или ун-
тер-офицерского состава
active [full-time] duty действительная военная служба
basic training основной курс боевой подготовки
(курс молодого бойца)
job-specific training специальная подготовка
unit mission training боевое слаживание (в составе под-
разделения)
support (spt) поддержка; обеспечение всех видов;
материально-техническое обеспече-
ние
сombat support боевое обеспечение
combat service support тыловое и материально-техническое
обеспечение
6
peacekeeping миротворчество
mobilisation base мобилизационные ресурсы
Adjutant General генерал-адьютант
unit подразделение; часть
civil unrest гражданские беспорядки
national emergency чрезвычайное положение (в стране)
theatre (of war) театр военных действий
strength численность личного состава
component (comp) составная часть; контингент; форми-
рование (вооруженных сил)
regular component регулярные войска
operating forces действующие силы
reservist резервист
to augment наращивать
serve проходить службу, служить, нахо-
диться на службе
military service obligation воинская повинность
discharge увольнение с военной службы
Introductory exercises
I. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:
7
хопутных войск; обеспечивать хорошо подготовленными солдата-
ми; иметь специальную подготовку; по мере приобретения опыта.
Text
Composition of the Armed Forces, including regular and reserve
forces
The British Army is made up of the Regular Army and the Army
Reserve. The army has a single command structure based at Andover
and known as “Army Headquarters”. Deployable combat formations
consist of two divisions (1st Armoured and 3rd Mechanised) and eight
brigades. Within the United Kingdom, operational and non-deployable
units are administered by three regionally-defined “regenerative” divi-
sions (2nd, 4th, and 5th) and London District.
8
Army Reserve Soldiers come from all walks of life and work part-
time as soldiers for the British Army alongside full-time Regular sol-
diers.
Regular Reservists are soldiers who have left the Regular army but
are recalled in times of need to come back and join operations along-
side Regular soldiers.
The Army Reserve has two clearly defined roles. Firstly, it provides
highly trained soldiers who can work alongside the Regulars on mis-
sions in the UK and overseas. Secondly, it gives people who have spe-
cialist skills, like medics and engineers, a range of exciting opportuni-
ties to use them in new ways.
Over the next few years, the role of the Army Reserve will be ex-
panded and they will work even more closely with the rest of the Army.
This means that there will be more opportunities for people who want
to enjoy the challenges that come with being a Reservist.
Exercises
III. Ответьте на вопросы:
9
4. What categories does the Regular Reserve include and what are they
responsible for?
5. What are the particularities of the Long Term Reserve?
6. What are the missions of the Army Reserve?
7. What is the Army Reserve Centre?
10
связи и 16 полков тылового обеспечения), в которых резервисты
проходят военную подготовку.
Кроме того, компонентом территориальной армии являются си-
лы реагирования (около 7 тыс. человек), предназначенные для уча-
стия совместно с полицией и спецслужбами в проведении анти-
террористических операций на территории страны, оказания по-
мощи гражданским органам власти при ликвидации последствий
крупномасштабных террористических акций различного характера
(в том числе с использованием средств массового поражения),
техногенных катастроф и стихийных бедствий.
В мирное время периодически задействуется 6-7 % общего чис-
ла резервистов. С началом войны в Ираке этот показатель увели-
чился до 15 %.
11
LESSON 2: ARMS AND SERVICES
OF THE BRITISH ARMY
ACTIVE TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
12
Royal Regiment of Artillery; Королевский артиллерий-
Royal Artillery (RA) ский полк; артиллерия
Corps of Royal Engineers; инженерные войска
Royal Engineers (RE)
Royal Corps of Signals; войска связи
Royal Signals (RS)
target acquisition обнаружение целей (артил-
лерийская разведка)
electronic warfare радиоэлектронная борьба
(РЭБ)
Intelligence Corps (Int Corps) разведывательный служба
intelligence (intel); reconnaissance разведка; разведывательные
данные
counter-intelligence контрразведка
disseminating military intel доведение разведывательных
данных
Royal Logistic Corps (RLC) служба тылового обеспече-
ния
Royal Electric and Mechanical инженерная ремонтно-
Engineers (REME) восстановительная служба
Adjutant General’s Corps (AGC) Адъютантский корпус
Army Medical Services (AMS) Медицинская служба СВ
Royal Army Dental Corps зубоврачебная служба СВ
Royal Army Veterinary Corps ветеринарная служба СВ
Queens Alexandra’s Royal служба медицинских сестер
Army Nursing Corps
Staff and Personnel Branch отдел кадров (управление
кадров)
Education and Training Services отдел боевой подготовки
branch (управление БП)
Army Legal Service военно-юридическая служба
СВ
Provost branch управление военной полиции
Royal Army Physical Training Corps служба физической
(RAPTC) подтовки СВ
13
Small Arms School Corps (SASC) Служба учебных центров
стрелковой подготовки
Corps of Army Music (CAMUS) военно-оркестровая служба
СВ
Royal Army Chaplain’s Department служба военных священни-
ков СВ
to be engaged in combat operations вести боевые действия
to provide medical care осуществлять медицинское
обеспечение
Brigade of Gurkhas Гуркская бригада
Introductory exercises
I. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:
to be directly involved in conduct of actual fighting; to form a highly
flexible organisation; to provide logistic and administrative support; to
be barracked at various places; to provide command support to com-
manders and their headquarters; responsible for a range of supply, sus-
tainment and movement tasks; to provide general administrative ser-
vices
14
to conduct electronic warfare размещаться в различных
пунктах
Text
The British army consists of combat arms, combat support arms and
combat service support arms. Cbt arms are those directly involved in
the conduct of actual fighting; they consist of Infantry, Household Cav-
alry and Royal Armour Corps, Special Forces and Army Air Corps.
The British Army’s Infantry comprises 51 battalions of Inf, from 19
regiments. Of these, 37 battalions are part of the “Regular” army and
the remaining 14 a part of the reserve force. The British Inf forms a
highly flexible organisation, operating in five main roles: armoured,
mechanised, air assault, light inf and public duties.
Regiments of line cavalry and the Royal Tank Regiment together
form the Royal Armoured Corps which has units equipped with either
main battle tanks or with light armour for conducting reconnaissance.
The Household Cavalry Regiment is an additional reconnaissance reg-
iment provided by the Household Cavalry, which administratively is
not considered to be part of the RAC, but is included among the RAC
order of battle for operational tasking.
UKSF provides a joint special operations task force headquarters.
They consist of the Special Air Service, Special Boat Service, Special
15
Reconnaissance Regiment, Special Forces Support Group, 18 Signal
Regiment and the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing.
AAC comprises eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Army Re-
serve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Inde-
pendent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations
across the world.
Cbt spt arms are those which provide operational assistance to the
cbt arms, including engagement in cbt when necessary, but who have
additional resps in providing log and admin spt to the Army as a whole;
these include Royal Artillery, Corps of Royal Engineers, Royal Corps
of Signals and Intelligence Corps.
The Royal Artillery consists of 16 regiments and undertakes the fol-
lowing roles: home defence, air defence, general support, close support,
surveillance and target acquisition, and training.
The Corps of Royal Engineers provides military engineering and
other technical support to the British Armed Forces. The corps is divid-
ed into several regiments, barracked at various places in the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Germany.
The Royal Corps of Signals provides the battlefield communications,
information systems and full telecommunications infrastructure for the
Army wherever they operate in the world. It is responsible for installing,
maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment
and information systems, providing command support to commanders
and their headquarters, and conducting electronic warfare against ene-
my communications.
Intelligence Corps provides intelligence support including collec-
tion, interpretation and counter-intelligence capabilities with three bat-
talions and a joint service group. It is also responsible for gathering,
analyzing and disseminating military intel and security.
The cbt svc spt brs are those whose chief msn is to provide log and
admin spt and whose pers are not usually directly engaged in cbt ops;
these are Royal Logistic Corps, Army Medical Services, Corps of Elec-
trical and Mechanical Engineers and Adjutant General’s Corps.
Royal Logistic Corps is the largest corps in the British Army. It is
responsible for a range of supply, sustainment and movement tasks.
RLC consists of 21 regiments and 6 independent sub-units.
16
Army Medical Services provide primary and secondary med care for
the armed forces in fixed locations and while being deployed on opera-
tions. AMS comprises four separate corps (Royal Army Medical Corps,
Royal Army Dental Corps, Royal Army Veterinary Corps, Queen Al-
exandra’s Royal Army Nursing Corps) that provide med and veterinary
care.
The Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers carry out the
maintenance, servicing and inspection of almost every electrical and
mechanical piece of equipment within the British Army. There are 7
REME battalions that provide support to brigades and formations of a
higher level.
Adjutant General’s Corps is a corps that provides general adminis-
trative services and consists of a few separate branches: Staff and Per-
sonnel Branch, Education and Training Services Branch, Army Legal
Services and Provost Branch.
In addition, there are some other separate services in the British Ar-
my; these are Royal Army Physical Training Corps, Corps of Army
Music, Royal Army Chaplains Department and Small Arms School
Corps.
17
British combat arms, combat support arms
and combat service support arms insignia
EXERCISES
Exercises
18
III. Ответьте на вопросы:
19
VI. Переведите письменно:
20
VII. Переведите письменно:
Brigade of Gurkhas
21
LESSON 3: ELEMENTS OF THE BRITISH ARMY
Active terms and expressions
22
colors знамя
battle (bat) бой, сражение; битва
campaign операция
Introductory exercises
I. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты словосочетаний:
Text
Elements of the British army
Table 1
Fire Team
23
The smallest element in the British Army organisationl structure, con-
sisting of three privates with a Lance Corporal as leader. The Fire Team
is generally used as a subdivision of the section for fire and maneuvre
rather than as a separate unit in its own right, although Fire Teams or
Fire Team sized units are often used for reconnaissance and special op-
erations.
Squad/Section
Platoon/Troop
Company/Squadron/Battery
24
Battalion/Regiment
The term battalion is used in the infantry, Royal Electrical and Mechan-
ical Engineers, and intelligence corps only. Other corps usually use the
term “regiment” instead. Consisting of approximately 650 soldiers, a
Battalion is both tactically and administratively self-sufficient. In war-
fare, Battalions are capable of independent operations of limited dura-
tion and scope. A Battalion typically has 3-4 companies, plus a head-
quarters company and support company, and is commanded by a Lieu-
tenant Colonel with a Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) in the rank of
WO1 as senior NCO adviser. A battalion group is a Battalion-sized unit
with additional sub-units attached to enhance mission capability.
Brigade
Division
25
Exercises
III. Ответьте на вопросы:
26
танковые роты состоят из трех танковых взводов и управления.
Штатная категория командира роты – «капитан».
Мотопехотный батальон состоит из управления, трех или более
мотопехотных рот, а также подразделений боевого, тылового и
технического обеспечения. Штатная категория командира баталь-
она – «подполковник»
Название, количество л/с, его штатные категории, штатное во-
оружение и имущество, организационная структура части (подраз-
деления) определяется организационно-штатным расписанием и
табелем имущества, установленным Министерством обороны.
Regiment
27
LESSON 4: RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING
IN THE BRITISH ARMY
Active terms and expressions
28
map reading работа с топографическими
картами; военная топография
fitness training физическая подготовка
bayonet fighting штыковой бой
adventurous training подготовка в условиях, при-
ближенных к боевой обста-
новке
caving пещерные погружения
climbing скалолазание; альпинизм
canoeing гребля
hill walking преодоление возвышенно-
стей
Annual Combat Marksmanship Test ежегодные боевые стрельбы
field craft полевая выучка
arms drill строевая подготовка с ору-
жием; отработка строевых
приемов с оружием
Introductory exercises
I. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:
29
to employ mercenaries иметь законное право
to fill in a medical questionnaire дополнительный тест на
наркотики
compulsory drugs testing непрерывное профессио-
нальное развитие
to practice all of the skills learned уведомление о намерении
уволиться
capable of operating in the field принимать на службу наем-
ников
the branch of the service устанавливать число ново-
бранцев
to undergo the specific training отрабатывать приобретенные
навыки и умения
ongoing professional development проходить специальную под-
готовку
Text
30
during this time. The length of the period of DAOR is six months for
under 18s and three months for over 18s after turning up at the Army
Training Regiment. Individuals after this time are committed to serve
for a minimum engagement of four years. There are allowances made
for medical and exceptional compassionate circumstances.
Soldiers from across the Commonwealth and other countries have a
long tradition of service in the British Army. That tradition continues
today. The Army welcomes applicants from certain countries and over-
seas territories. In 2008 Commonwealth origin volunteers comprised
approximately 6.7% of the Army’s total strength. In total 6,600 foreign
soldiers from 42 countries were represented in the Army, not including
Gurkhas. The Ministry of Defence now caps the number of recruits
from Commonwealth countries at 10% of any corps or regiment in the
Army, although this will not affect the Gurkhas. The cap is still debated,
as some fear the army’s “Britishness” is being diluted, and could make
the Army seen as employing too many mercenaries.
An applicant’s doctor must fill in a medical questionnaire and the
recruit will have to pass a full Army medical inspection. Recruits go
through a range of strength and stamina tests, as well as a 1.5-mile run.
The standards which need to be met in these tests depend on choice of
unit and speciality.
A soldier’s army career begins with phase 1 training where he/she
learns basic soldier skills. Specialist skills of the soldier’s trade are
then learnt in Phase 2. The location of Phase 1 training depends on age
and job choice. Junior Soldiers (under 17 yr 5 mths) spend 20 weeks or
40 weeks at the Army Foundation College in Harrogate. Older soldiers
spend 14 weeks at either Pirbright or Winchester. Infantry recruits
complete a combined phase 1 and 2 courses in Catterick.
The 14-week training course (known as the Common Military Syl-
labus) is delivered at ATC Pirbright over two seven-week terms, sepa-
rated by a long weekend.
Week 1: Attestation (a formal ceremony to join the British Army),
kit issue, administration, weapons training and Exercise Icebreaker – a
recruit’s first night out on exercise.
Week 2: Weapons training, drill and first aid.
Week 3: Fitness training, first aid and platoon activities day.
31
Week 4: Introduction to live firing.
Week 5: Exercise First Night over 2 nights followed by Exercise
Realities of War – a trip to military museums in London and Ports-
mouth.
Week 6: Map reading, first aid, fitness training.
Week 7: Phase 2 Visits (a chance for recruits to see where they are
going next and meet others like who have already passed out), drill test,
families’ day (a chance for family to come and visit) and a long week-
end.
The second part of the course continues with more challenging train-
ing. The course ends and the Pass Off Parade takes place.
Week 8: Exercise Halfway (three nights out of camp) and compulso-
ry drugs testing.
Week 9: Bayonet Fighting and long range firing.
Week 10: Adventurous training in Wales (caving, climbing, canoe-
ing and hill walking).
Week 11: Annual Combat Marksmanship Test (ACMT).
Week 12: Field craft tests, arms drill and physical fitness tests.
Week 13: Exercise Final Fling (a one week exercise, practicing all
of the skills learned) plus fire, movement and map reading tests.
Week 14: Arms drill and sports culminating in a prestigious passing
out parade in front of family, friends and unit representatives.
Phase 1 training is intended to bring all soldiers to a base level of
military competency, capable of operating in the field, force protection,
operational security and displaying the other characteristics of a mem-
ber of the British Army.
Phase 2 training involves the new soldier training for the branch of
the service they wish to specialise in, and then undergoing the specific
training. This is with one of the specialist schools located around the
country.
After completing phase 1 and phase 2 training, recruits join their
unit where senior soldiers will provide support and ongoing profession-
al development.
32
Exercises
33
тельные письма от руководства учебного заведения, фирмы или
завода, где учился или работал доброволец, а также заполненные
формы и бланки.
Кандидаты на занятие офицерских и унтер-офицерских долж-
ностей в сухопутных войсках заключают с командованием кон-
тракты следующих типов: краткосрочный ограниченный (4-18 ме-
сяцев), краткосрочный (три - восемь лет), специальный кадровый
(9-15 лет) и кадровый (16-35 лет). Кадровые офицеры могут до-
срочно уволиться в запас после трех лет службы. Военнослужащие
прослужившие в вооружённых силах по краткосрочным контрак-
там, в течение шести лет после увольнения находятся в регуляр-
ном резерве – предусматривает их ежегодное участие в сборах и
учениях продолжительностью не менее 15 сут.
Рядовой и сержантский состав занимает должности в соответ-
ствии с контрактами, заключенными на три года (по 82 военно-
учетным специальностям). При контракте с полной выслугой лет
(22 года) военнослужащие имеют право после девяти лет службы
уволиться из рядов вооруженных сил, уведомив о своем намере-
нии за 18 месяцев. В остальных случаях при досрочном увольне-
нии из армии контрактами предусматривается выплата денежных
штрафов. После заключения контракта добровольцы принимают
присягу.
34
LESSON 5: ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST
35
Non-Commissioned Officers военнослужащие сержант-
ского состава и прапорщики
recruiting комплектование личным со-
ставом; набор
Exercises
36
to achieve a grounding in British решительные действия в
Military Doctrine сложной и опасной обста-
новке
Text
37
panding an Officer Cadet’s character, intellect and professional skills.
The Commissioning Course for Regular Army officers is 44 weeks
long, with 4 weeks of recess periods. It runs three times a year, starting
in January, May and September. Training at Sandhurst covers military,
practical and academic subjects, and while it is mentally and physically
demanding, there is also plenty of time set aside for sport and adven-
turous training. Military training is infantry-based so that everyone, no
matter what their eventual regiment or corps, will have mastered the
core essentials before they go on to more specialised training specific to
their regiment or corps after Sandhurst. There are two shorter commis-
sioning courses. One is for professionally qualified officers (e.g., doc-
tors, dentists, nurses, lawyers, pharmacists, veterinarians and chaplains).
The second short course is for training future officers of the Army Re-
serve. Sandhurst also runs a variety of other courses for officers includ-
ing the Late Entry Officer Course (LEOC).
Sandhurst develops leadership in cadets by expanding their charac-
ter, intellect and professional competences to a level demanded of an
Army Officer on first appointment through military training and educa-
tion. At the end of the course a newly-commissioned Officer will be
qualified to lead and manage soldiers while at the same time upholding
the British Army’s core values of selfless commitment, respect for oth-
ers, loyalty, integrity, discipline and courage. Overall, the core objec-
tives of the Commissioning Course are:
• To develop commanders of courage and willpower, with the tem-
perament for decisive action in difficult and dangerous circumstances.
• To foster attitudes to integrity, selflessness and loyalty which set
the soldier apart from others.
• To teach Officer Cadets how to think and communicate as com-
manders and to foster a deep interest and care for the individual.
• To achieve a grounding in British Military Doctrine and its signifi-
cance in all forms of conflict.
• To encourage the analysis of strategic and war studies as a founda-
tion to military thought and wisdom.
• To train Officer Cadets in the basic skills and battlefield disci-
plines of soldiering.
38
In overall command of the RMAS is the Commandant of the Acad-
emy, usually an officer of Major General Rank. The senior warrant of-
ficer, the Academy Sergeant Major (AcSM), is one of the most senior
warrant officers in the British Army. The commissioning course is split
up into three terms, each lasting fourteen weeks (referred to as the Jun-
ior, Intermediate and Senior Divisions, identified by differently col-
oured lanyards). Basic army training is covered in the first five weeks
which, by reputation, are the most gruelling. Each intake numbers ap-
proximately 200 cadets, each of whom is assigned to a platoon within
one of two companies. Platoons are commanded by captains, with a
colour sergeant who takes the main burden of day-to-day training, es-
pecially during the first term (unlike the system in many countries,
RMAS entrusts the majority of officer training to Senior Non-
Commissioned Officers). There can be as many as ten companies with-
in the RMAS at any one time, each commanded by a Major and named
after a famous battle or campaign in which the British Army has fought.
There is also a “rehabilitation” platoon, which looks after cadets who
are injured during training, with a view to preparing them to re-enter
the commissioning course at the point they left, or processing those
who are medically discharged. Cadets who fail to meet the required
standard may be “back-termed”, i.e. required to repeat the previous
term and joining a later intake, or to repeat the whole course.
Cadets nominate two regiments or corps that they seek to join, alt-
hough in practice this may be influenced by their instructors, if particu-
lar strengths or weaknesses or aptitudes are seen to be important. In the
middle term, interviews are held and final selections are made by the
recruiting regiments and corps; there is competition for strong cadets by
the units and, conversely, by cadets for prestigious or specialised units.
Exceptionally, some cadets may have confirmed places in regiments
before the formal selections or even before starting at Sandhurst.
39
3. Explain the difference between Sandhurst and some other national
military academies like West Point in the USA or Ecole Spéciale Mili-
taire de Saint-Cyr in France?
4. How long is the Commissioning Course for Regular Army officers
and what does it include?
5. What types of Officers’ Courses are available in Sandhurst?
6. What skills and qualities are fostered to Sandhurst’s Officer Cadets?
7. How does the process of recruiting and appointment take place for
Sandhurst graduates?
V. Переведите письменно:
Первый триместр
40
товки все курсанты проходят недельные полевые сборы в условиях,
максимально приближенных к боевой обстановке.
Второй триместр
Третий триместр
41
к изучению специальных дисциплин, таких как противоповстанче-
ские и миротворческие операции. По-прежнему проводятся поле-
вые сборы и учения в условиях максимально приближенных к бо-
евой обстановке, включая стрельбу боевыми патронами. Всего че-
рез несколько недель, некоторые из курсантов будут участвовать в
операциях, проводимых Вооружёнными Силами Великобритания-
ми, а также в рамках ООН или НАТО. Спустя шесть месяцев после
выпуска из Сэндхерста каждый из них будет направлен на курсы
молодых офицеров, где им предстоит пройти подготовку по вы-
бранной специальности, прежде чем стать командиром взвода и
быть готовым командовать личным составом.
42
LESSON 6: BRITISH INFANTRY. MISSIONS
AND CHARACTERISTICS
Active terms and expressions
close combat ближний бой
objective цель; объект; поставленная задача
defender обороняющаяся сторона
defensive posture оборонительная тактика
defensive position оборонительная позиция
terrain местность
fortification фортификационные сооружения
advance продвижение; наступление
cohesion взаимодействие; слаженность
patrol патрулирование; дозор
front-line линия фронта; передовая линия
rear area тыл
infiltration проникновение; просачивание
insurgency действия повстанческих сил
pursuit преследование
constricted terrain узкий участок местности
urban areas зона населенных пунктов; городская
местность
armoured vehicle бронированная машина; бронетанко-
вая техника
ambush засада
escort сопровождение; конвой; прикрытие;
охрана
hostile противник; враждебно настроенный
combat units боевые подразделения
combat support units подразделения боевого обеспечения
support units подразделения обеспечения
reconnaissance разведка
intelligence gathering добывание развед. данных
surveillance наблюдение; разведка
recon unit разведывательная группа
43
sniper team снайперская пара (стрелок + коррек-
тировщик)
stealth скрытность
Regimental system полковая система комплектования
recruiting; manning укомплектование личным составом
army reserve battalion батальон армейского резерва
operational command оперативное командование
permanent location пункт постоянной дисклокации
mobilisation strength мобилизационные возможности
guardsman караульный
guard duty караульная служба
Household Division Королевская гвардейская дивизия
Introductory exercises
I. Подберите эквиваленты словосочетаний:
44
to minimise loses уничтожать отступающие
силы противника
45
II. Переведите предложения:
Text
Infantry
Attack operations are the most basic role of the infantry, where the
infantry is involved in close combat with the enemy, maneuvering to-
wards them, often while under enemy fire.
Defence operations are the natural counter to attacks, in which the
mission is to hold an objective and defeat enemy forces attempting to
dislodge the defender. Defensive posture offers many advantages to the
infantry, including the ability to use terrain and constructed fortifica-
tions to advantage; these reduce exposure to enemy fire compared with
advancing forces. Effective defence relies on minimizing losses to en-
46
emy fire, breaking the enemy’s cohesion before their advance is com-
pleted, and preventing enemy penetration of defensive positions.
Patrol is the most common infantry mission. Full scale attacks and
defensive efforts are occasional, but patrols are constant. Patrols consist
of small groups of infantry moving about in areas of possible enemy
activity to locate the enemy and destroy them when found. Patrols are
used not only on the front-lines, but in rear areas where enemy infiltra-
tion or insurgencies are possible.
Pursuit is a role that the infantry often assumes. The objective of
pursuit operations is the destruction of withdrawing enemy forces
which are not capable of effectively engaging friendly units, before
they can build their strength to the point where they are effective. Infan-
try traditionally have been the main force to overrun these units in the
past, and in modern combat are used to pursue enemy forces in con-
stricted terrain (urban areas in particular), where faster forces, such as
armoured vehicles are incapable of going or would be exposed to am-
bush.
Escort consists of protecting support units from ambush, particularly
from hostile infantry forces. Combat support units (a majority of the
military) are not as well armed or trained as infantry units and have a
different mission. Therefore, they need the protection of the infantry,
particularly when on the move.
Reconnaissance/intelligence gathering, surveillance operations are
often carried out with the employment of small recon units or sniper
teams which gather information about the enemy, reporting on charac-
teristics such as size, activity, location, unit and equipment. These in-
fantry units typically are known for their stealth and ability to operate
for periods of time within close proximity of the enemy without being
detected.
The British Infantry is based on the well tried and tested Regimental
System, which has proved to be repeatedly successful on operations
over the years. It is based on Regiments, most of which have one or
more regular Battalion and all have associated army reserve battalions.
47
The “Division” of Infantry is an organisation that is responsible for
all aspects of military administration, from recruiting, manning and
promotions for individuals in the Regiments under its wing, to the
longer term planning required to ensure continuity and cohesion. These
divisions are based on either the geographical recruiting areas of regi-
ments, or the type of regiments. Divisions of Infantry have no opera-
tional command over their regiments, and should not be confused with
the operational divisions, such as 1 (UK) Division and 3 (UK) Division.
In total the British Army has 36 regular battalions available for ser-
vice, the majority of which are now situated in permanent locations,
and this total combined with the 18 army reserve battalions (excluding
The Royal Gibraltar Regiment) could give mobilization strength of 54
infantry battalions.
Outside the above listed regiments are three companies of guards-
men, each of 110 men, who are provided to supplement the Household
Division Regiments while on public duties in London, to allow them to
continue to carry out normal training on roulement from guard duties.
Gibraltar has its own single battalion of The Gibraltar Regiment
comprising one Regular and two Volunteer companies.
Exercises
III. Ответьте на вопросы:
48
12. What is the mobilisation strength of the British Army?
49
VI. Переведите письменно:
50
LESSON 7: DIVISIONS
Active terms and expressions
operational (ready) division боевая дивизия
command and control управление; командование
combat elements боевые подразделения
combat support elements подразделения боевого обес-
печения
service support elements подразделения МТО
headquarters and HQ company (HHC) штаб и штабная рота
Royal Military Police (RMP) военная полиция
attached units приданные подразделения
administrative support тыловое обеспечение; МТО
main command post командный пункт
tactical command post командно-наблюдательный
пункт
company headquarters (co HQ) штаб роты
maintenance section отделение технического об-
служивания
mess section отделение продовольствен-
ного обеспечения
medical section отделение медицинского
обеспечения
command vehicle section отделение КШМ
staff личный состав; кадры
personnel officer (S1) офицер по личному составу;
заместитель командира по
воспитательной работе
intelligence officer (S2) офицер разведки; начальник
разведывательного отдела
штаба
operations and training officer (S3) офицер по оперативным во-
просам и боевой подготовке;
начальник оперативного от-
дела штаба
51
logistics officer (S4) офицер по вопросам тыла;
начальник тыла; заместитель
командира по тылу
surgeon начальник медицинской
службы; военный врач
chaplain военный священник
communications officer офицер связи;
начальник связи
chemical officer начальник службы РХБЗ
staff section отдел штаба
intelligence section разведывательный отдел
штаба
communications platoon взвод связи
aviation section отдел армейской авиации
unmanned air vehicle (UAV) беспилотный летательный
аппарат (БЛА/БПЛА)
General support regiment артиллерийский полк общей
поддержки
Ground based Air Defence Regiment наземные силы и средства
ПВО
armoured cavalry squadron разведывательный батальон
(на БРМ)
air cavalry squadron аэромобильный разведыва-
тельный батальон
assets силы и средства
Field Artillery (FA) полевая артиллерия
Close support regiment артиллерийский полк непо-
средственной поддержки
Corps Artillery корпусная артиллерия
Divisional Artillery Group (DAG) дивизионная артиллерийская
группа
Area Air Defence (AAD) ПВО района
ground reconnaissance наземная разведка
air reconnaissance воздушная разведка
security охранение; боевое обеспече-
ние
52
radiological monitoring and surveyрадиационная разведка и до-
зиметрический контроль
damage control operations мероприятия по ликвидации
последствий ядерного напа-
дения
to assign придавать; назначать; прико-
мандировывать
division base дивизионная основа
engineer support инженерное обеспечение
bridge company понтонно-мостовая рота
command operations company рота обеспечения связи
командования
forward communications company передовая рота связи
signal support operations company рота обеспечения связи
командования тыла
assault helicopter company вертолетная транспортно-
десантная рота
aviation general support company авиационная рота общей под-
держки
division support command (SUPCOM) командование тыла дивизии
support and transport battalion батальон транспортного
обеспечения
finance company финансовая рота
Introductory exercises
I. Подберите эквиваленты словосочетаний:
53
in either combat or training situations проводить по мероприятия
по ликвидации последствий
ядерного нападения
54
Text
55
sition of the DAG will vary from division to division according to the
task. Area Air Defence (AAD) is provided by Rapier.
The armd cav sqdn performs ground and air reconnaissance and
provides security for the div. It can protect flanks of the div, collect and
report information of intelligence value, act as covering force, conduct
radiological monitoring and survey, perform damage control operations,
provide rear area security, and conduct semi-independent operations
when suitably reinforced. The sqdn is organised with a HHT, three
armd cav trps, and an air cav trp while the air cav sqdn is made up of
three air cav trps and one armd cav trp.
The combat support elements organically assigned to the div base
contain engineer, signal, and aviation bns, the latter being replaced by
avn со in the mech inf div.
The engr bn provides engr spt to the div. It is organised with a ННС,
four engr cos, and a brg со.
The sig bn assists the division commander in controlling his units. It
includes a ННС, command operations company, forward communica-
tions company, and a signal support operations company.
The avn bn provides avn spt for the division and is made up of a
ННС, assault helicopter company, and an aviation general support
company.
The service support elements which provide administrative support
to the division are found in the division support command. The SUP-
COM is organised with a ННС, AG со, finance со, maint bn, med bn
and sup and transmissions bn.
56
Exercises
III. Используя схему, доложите по-английски состав 3-й меха-
низированной дивизии СВ Великобритании.
57
IV. Ответьте на вопросы:
58
было вынуждено частично сократить вооруженные силы в различ-
ных районах мира и сосредоточить основные усилия на укрепле-
нии Североатлантического блока и развитии более тесного военно-
политического и экономического сотрудничества с США и други-
ми странами НАТО. Уже в мирное время она выделила в распоря-
жение командования объединенных вооруженных сил НАТО в
Европе свыше 70% соединений и частей сухопутных войск.
2. По взглядам британских военных специалистов, успех со-
временного общевойскового боя зависит от высокой огневой мо-
щи, ударной силы и мобильности войск, а также от правильного
применения основных принципов ведения боевых действии. К
этим принципам относятся: массированное применение сил и
средств борьбы, плановость и целеустремленность, наступатель-
ный характер действий, внезапность, экономия сил и средств, ма-
невренность, единство командования и боевое обеспечение войск.
Принцип массирования предусматривает использование в ре-
шающий момент на решающем направлении максимального коли-
чества наличных сил и средств, в том числе ядерного оружия. Чет-
кое планирование, простота замысла и целеустремленность спо-
собствуют успешному ведению боевых действий. Наступательный
характер действий считается одним из важнейших факторов до-
стижения разгрома и уничтожения противника. Внезапность обес-
печивается скрытностью и быстротой действий, введением про-
тивника в заблуждение, применением неожиданных для него
средств и способов борьбы, ведением эффективной разведки.
59
LESSON 8: INFANTRY BATTALION
Active terms and expressions
task tactical unit оперативно-тактическая еди-
ница
headquarters company штабная рота
support company рота поддержки и обеспече-
ния
rifle company пехотная рота
headquarters штаб
commanding officer командир; начальник
second-in-command заместитель
adjutant заместитель командира по
работе с ЛС
quartermaster заместитель командира по
тылу
medical officer начальник медицинской
службы
administrative officer начальник строевой части
intelligence officer начальник разведки
signals officer начальник связи
regimental sergeant major старшина
regimental quartermaster sergeant старшина группы МТО
training element отделение боевой подготовки
operations element оперативное отделение
catering element продовольственная служба
pay element финансовая служба
pioneer platoon саперный взвод
Light Aid Detachment (LAD) подвижная ремонтная ма-
стерская
Armoured Infantry мотопехота (мотострелковые
войска)
Mechanised Infantry механизированная пехота
Light Infantry легкая пехота
60
Air Assault Infantry воздушно-штурмовая (аэро-
мобильная) пехота
Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC) бронетранспортер (БТР)
Protected Patrol Vehicle (PPV) бронированная патрульная
машина
jungle warfare боевые действия в джунглях
arctic warfare боевые действия в арктиче-
ских условиях
rappelling десантирование по канату
Introductory exercises
I. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:
61
Text
Infantry battalion
62
main types of infantry battalions: Armoured Infantry, Mechanised In-
fantry, Light Infantry and Air Assault infantry battalions.
Armoured Infantry battalions are equipped with the Warrior APC, a
tracked vehicle that can deploy over all terrain. Compared with light
infantry battalions, armoured infantry ones not only maintain rapid tac-
tical movement, but also possess more integral firepower.
Mechanised Infantry battalions are equipped with the Saxon APC, a
wheeled vehicle that can be deployed over rough terrain, but is primari-
ly a road vehicle, the Bulldog tracked vehicle, and the Mastiff PPV.
Mechanised infantry battalions are distinguished from motorized infan-
try in that their vehicles provide a degree of protection from hostile fire,
as opposed to “soft-skinned” wheeled vehicles (trucks or jeeps).
Light Infantry are not equipped with armoured vehicles; such units
may specialise in jungle and/or arctic warfare. Air Assault Infantry are
trained to be deployed using helicopters, parachute or aircraft. In addi-
tion to regular infantry training, air assault units usually receive training
in rappelling and air transportation, and their equipment is sometimes
designed or field-modified to allow better transportation within aircraft.
63
ваться с вертолета; moving on foot; бронированная патрульная ма-
шина; headquarters company; саперный взвод; administrative officer.
V. Переведите письменно:
64
VI. Используя схему, доложите по-английски состав мотопе-
хотного батальона СВ Великобритании.
65
LESSON 9: SPECIAL AIR SERVICE
66
free fall parachuting затяжные прыжки
High Altitude-Low Opening (HALO) затяжной прыжок с низким
раскрытием
High Altitude-High Opening (HAHO) высотный прыжок
desert warfare боевые действия в пустыне
field repair ремонт в полевых условиях
snowshoes снегоступы
mountain climbing альпинизм; скалолазание
hijacking захват; угон
Close Quarter Battle (CQB) бой в ограниченном про-
странстве; ближний бой
hostage rescue освобождение заложников
siege breaking прорыв блокады
life firing боевая стрельба
Introductory exercises
67
transfer to an operational squadron двигаться по пересеченной
местности против часовой
стрелки
Text
The Special Air Service (SAS) is a regiment of the British Army or-
ganised in 1950, which forms part of the United Kingdom Special
Forces (UKSF). The Special Air Service comprises three units: one
Regular and two Army Reserve units. The regular army unit is 22 SAS
Regiment and the AR units are 21 SAS Regiment and 23 SAS Regi-
ment.
All members of the Her Majesty’s Armed Forces can be considered
for Special Forces selection, but the majority of candidates have an air-
borne forces background. All instructors are full members of the SAS.
Selections are held twice yearly, in summer and winter, in Sennybridge
in the Brecon Beacons. Selection lasts for five weeks and normally
starts with about 200 potential candidates. On arrival candidates first
complete a Personal Fitness Test (PFT), i.e. a minimum of 50 sit ups in
two minutes, 44 press-ups in two minutes and a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) run in
10 minutes 30 seconds. They then march cross country against the
clock, increasing the distances covered each day, culminating in what is
known as Endurance: a 40 mile (64 km) march with full equipment
scaling and descending the mountain Pen y Fan in 20 hours. By the end
of the hill phase candidates must be able to run 4 miles (6.4 km) in 30
minutes and swim two miles (3.2 km) in 90 minutes.
Following the hill phase is the jungle phase, taking place in Belize,
Brunei, or Malaysia. Candidates are taught navigation, patrol formation
and movement, and jungle survival skills. Candidates returning to Here-
68
ford finish training in battle plans and foreign weapons and take part in
combat survival exercises, the final one being the week-long escape and
evasion. Candidates are formed into patrols and, carrying nothing more
than a tin can filled with survival equipment, are dressed in old Second
World War uniforms and told to head for a point by first light. The final
selection test is arguably the most gruelling: resistance to interrogation
(RTI), lasting for 36 hours.
Typically, 15-20% of candidates make it through the hill phase se-
lection process. From the approximately 200 candidates, most will drop
out within the first few days, and by the end about 30 will remain.
Those who complete all phases of selection are rewarded with a transfer
to an operational squadron.
22 Special Air Service is under the operational command of the Di-
rector Special Forces (DSF), a major-general grade post. The UKSF
originally consisted of the regular and the reserve units of the SAS and
the Special Boat Service, and then joined by two new units: the Special
Forces Support Group and the Special Reconnaissance Regiment. They
are supported by the 18 (UKSF) Signal Regiment and the Joint Special
Forces Aviation Wing, part of which (658 Squadron Army Air Corps)
is based in Hereford with the SAS. In 2014 the Army Reserve SAS
Regiments moved from UKSF to 1 ISR Bde.
22 SAS Regiment has four operational squadrons: A, B, D and G.
Each squadron consists of approximately 60 men commanded by a ma-
jor, divided into four troops (each troop being commanded by a captain)
and a small headquarters section. Troops usually consist of 15 men, and
each patrol within a troop consists of four men, with each man pos-
sessing a particular skill: signals, demolition, medic or linguist in addi-
tion to basic skills learned during the course of his training. The four
troops specialise in four different areas:
1. Boat troop – are specialists in maritime skills using scuba diving,
kayaks and Rigid-hulled inflatable boats and often train with the Spe-
cial Boat Service.
2. Air troop – are experts in free fall parachuting, High Altitude-
Low Opening (HALO) and High Altitude-High Opening (HAHO)
techniques.
69
3. Mobility troop – are specialists in using vehicles and are experts
in desert warfare; they are also trained in an advanced level of motor
mechanics to field-repair any vehicular breakdown.
4. Mountain troop – are specialists in Arctic combat and survival,
using specialised equipment such as skis, snowshoes and mountain
climbing techniques.
The special projects team is the official name for the SAS anti-
hijacking counter-terrorism team. It is trained in Close Quarter Battle
(CQB) and sniper techniques and specialises in hostage rescue in build-
ings or on public transport. Once the team had been established, each
squadron rotated on a continual basis through counter-terrorist training
including hostage rescue, siege breaking, and live firing exercises.
Squadrons refresh their training every 16 months, on average.
70
V. Переведите письменно:
71
LESSON 10: INFANTRY WEAPONS. SMALL ARMS
Active terms and expressions
small arms (SA) стрелковое оружие
assault rifle штурмовая винтовка
selective fire rifle автоматическая винтовка с
переводчиком огня
gas-operated устроенный по принципу ис-
пользования энергии порохо-
вых газов
bullpup configuration «булл-пап» (схема компо-
новки, в которой ударный
механизм и магазин распо-
ложены в прикладе)
short-barrelled carbine короткоствольная винтовка
powder gases пороховые газы
short-stroke с коротким ходом
gas piston газовый поршень
gas regulator газовый переключатель
rotating cylindrical bolt поворотный затвор
locking spline запирающий клин
extractor выбрасывающий механизм
casing ejector окно для выброса гильз
cam stud кулачковый механизм
helical camming guide винтовой направляющий паз
bolt carrier затворная рама
trigger group спусковой механизм
pistol grip пистолетная рукоятка
cocking handle рукоятка взведения затвора
receiver ствольная коробка
hammer-firing mechanism курковый ударный механизм
fire selector lever переводчик огня
safety catch предохранитель
cross bolt type safety предохранитель запирающе-
го типа
72
slotted flash suppressor щелевой пламегаситель
blank-firing adaptor устройство для стрельбы хо-
лостыми патронами
bayonet штык-нож
magazine release button рычаг отсоединения магазина
magazine housing приемник магазина
buttpad затыльник приклада
cheek rest щека приклада
Picatinny railed handguard ствольная накладка с план-
кой Пикатинни
optical sight оптический прицел
iron sight механический прицел
illuminated aiming pointer лазерный целеуказатель
die-cast aluminium body литой алюминиевый корпус
rear aperture прицел
front blade; blade foresight мушка
windage поправка на ветер
holding and opening device останов затвора (затворная
задержка)
dust cover пылезащитный колпачок
Sights Unit Small Arms, Trilux оптический прицел
(SUSAT)
trigger mechanism housing (TMH) спусковая коробка
TMH pin направляющий стержень воз-
вратной пружины
barrel ствол
top cover крышка ствольной коробки
trigger guard спусковая скоба
hand guard ствольная накладка
muzzle дульный срез
* * *
to use ignited powder gases воспламенять пороховые га-
зы
73
to provide the weapon’s automation обеспечивать автоматиче-
скую работу винтовки
to launch rifle grenades вести огонь винтовочными
гранатами
Introductory exercises
74
to compromise the barrel length препятствовать попаданию
пороховых газов в поршень
75
рокий ассортимент прицелов и дополнительных приспособлений –
лазерных целеуказателей, тактических фонарей и т.д. 4. На вин-
товку может устанавливаться 40-мм подствольный гранатомет
M203. 5. В конструкции автоматической винтовки М16 преду-
смотрена задержка затвора в крайнем заднем положении для об-
легчения перезарядки оружия. 6. Газовый регулятор имеет три по-
ложения: для обычной стрельбы, для стрельбы в неблагоприятных
условиях и для стрельбы винтовочной гранатой. 7. Автоматиче-
ская винтовка – индивидуальное стрелковое оружие способное
вести огонь как очередями, так и одиночными выстрелами. 8. В
настоящее время одним из приоритетных направлений совершен-
ствования стрелкового вооружения является разработка безгильзо-
вых боеприпасов и стреловидных поражающих элементов. 9. На
винтовку может устанавливаться прицел переменной кратности, а
также имеется крепление для штык-ножа, сошки и двух запасных
магазинов. 10. Большинство современных автоматических винто-
вок оснащено предохранителем-переводчиком огня флажкового
типа.
to be short-stroke; return spring; to bleed powder gases through the
gas cylinder; to be featured with Picatinny railed handguard; rifle-
attached grenade launcher; to delay breach-block in rearmost position;
to facilitate rifle reloading; to launch rifle grenades; to be capable of
single shot and semi-automatic firing; development of caseless car-
tridges and flechettes; to mount alternate magnification sight; to have
bipod attachment; to be equipped with safety and fire selector switch.
Text
The SA80 (Small Arms for the 1980s) is a British family of 5.56mm
small arms. It is a selective fire, gas-operated assault rifle. Elements of
its design, in particular the bullpup configuration, come from the earlier
EM-2 rifle. The first prototypes were trialled in 1976 and production
ended in 1994. It is due to remain in service until 2025.
The L85 rifle variant of the SA80 family has been the standard issue
service rifle of the British Armed Forces since 1987, replacing the
L1A1 variant of the FN FAL. The improved L85A2 remains in service
76
today. The remainder of the family comprises the L86 Light Support
Weapon, the short-barrelled L22 carbine and the L98 Cadet rifle.
SA80 was the last in a long line of British weapons (including the
Lee-Enfield family) to come from the national arms development and
production facility at Enfield Lock.
Operating mechanism
With the exception of the L98A1, the SA80 system is a selective fire
gas-operated design that uses ignited powder gases bled through a port
in the barrel to provide the weapon’s automation. The rifle uses a short-
stroke gas piston system located above the barrel, which is fed gas
through a three-position adjustable gas regulator. The first gas setting is
used for normal operations, the second is for use in difficult environ-
mental conditions, while the third setting prevents any gas from reach-
ing the piston and is used to launch rifle grenades. The weapon uses a
rotating cylindrical bolt that contains 7 radially mounted locking
splines, an extractor and casing ejector. The bolt’s rotation is controlled
by a cam stud that slides inside a helicalcamming guide machined into
the bolt carrier.
Features
The family is built in a bullpup layout (the action is behind the trig-
ger group), with a forward-mounted pistol grip. The main advantage of
this type of arrangement is the overall compactness of the weapon,
which can be achieved without compromising the barrel length, hence
the overall length of the L85 rifle is shorter than a carbine, but the bar-
rel length is that of an assault rifle. However, the adoption of this layout
also means the rifle must be used exclusively right-handed since the
ejection port and cocking handle (which reciprocates during firing) are
on the right side of the receiver, making aimed fire from the left shoul-
der impossible. This can also give rise to a tactical disadvantage when
firing around the left of cover, where the shooter must expose the ma-
jority of their body.
The SA80 family is hammer-fired and has a trigger mechanism with
a fire-control selector that enables semi-automatic fire and fully auto-
77
matic fire (the fire selector lever is located at the left side of the receiv-
er, just aft of the magazine). A cross bolt type safety prevents acci-
dental firing and is located above the trigger; the “safe” setting blocks
the movement of the trigger.
The L85 rifle features a barrel with a slotted flash suppressor, which
also serves as a mounting base for attaching and launching rifle gre-
nades, attaching a blank-firing adaptor or a bayonet.
The weapons are fed from a STANAG magazine, usually with a 30-
round capacity. The magazine release button is placed above the maga-
zine housing, on the left side of the receiver. When the last cartridge is
fired from the magazine the bolt and bolt carrier assembly lock to the
rear.
The weapon’s receiver is made from stamped sheet steel, reinforced
with welded and riveted machined steel inserts. Synthetics were also
used (i.e. the handguards, pistol grip, buttpad and cheek rest were all
fabricated from nylon). A Picatinnyrailed handguard was also devel-
oped for the type.
Sights
78
III. Ответьте на вопросы:
79
IV. Изучите таблицы и переведите их содержание:
80
81
82
83
винтовки L85 на русском языке
84
1 – rear TMH pin; 2 – cheek piece; 3 – dust cover; 4 – SUSAT; 5 – cocking handle;
6 – top cover; 7 – hand guard; 8 – muzzle; 9 – barrel; 10 – trigger guard; 11 – trigger;
12 – safety catch; 13 – pistol grip; 14 – front TMH pin; 15 – 30-round magazine;
16 – magazine housing; 17 – holding and opening device; 18 – butt piece.
V. Используя схему, назовите составные части штурмовой
VI. Переведите письменно:
85
LESSON 11: INFANTRY ANTITANK WEAPONS
Active terms and expressions
man-portable переносной
fire-and-forget самонаводящийся
tripod тренога
top attack поражение танка сверху
direct fire огонь прямой наводкой
day-night sight дневной и ночной прицел
enclosure закрытое сооружение;
ограниченное пространство
infrared seeker тепловая головка самонаве-
дения
Command Launch Unit (CLU) блок прицельно-пускового
оборудования
launch tube assembly пусковая труба в сборе
countermeasure environments сигнально-помеховая обста-
новка
test measurement and diagnostic контрольно-измерительная и
equipment диагностическая аппаратура
survivability сохранение боеспособности;
живучесть
urban terrain городские условия; зона
населенных пунктов
bunker ДОС; блиндаж
target lock-on захват цели
limited back-blast динамо-реактивный (безот-
катный)
tandem warhead тандемная боевая часть
high-explosive antitank (HEAT) противотанковый кумуля-
тивный
super plastically deformed в состоянии сверхпластично-
сти
trumpet-shaped metallic liner кумулятивная воронка
particle stream кумулятивная струя
86
explosive reactive armour динамическая защита
HEAT precursor charge лидирующий заряд
tube труба
bell pipe патрубок
warhead головная часть
rocket propulsion unit реактивный двигатель
iron-sight guard предохранитель мушки
objective cap колпачок объектива
objective объектив
optical sight unit корпус оптического прицела
rubber eyeguard резиновый наглазник
tube flare уширение трубы
flared end раструб
rear deflector flange тарель
cover чехол
sling ремень
tube grip рукоятка ствола
pistol grip рукоятка ударно-спускового
механизма
trigger housing корпус УСМ
trigger спусковой крючок
fuse head головная часть взрывателя
conductive cone токоприводящий конус
aerodynamic fairing аэродинамический обтека-
тель
conical liner воронка
body корпус
explosive разрывной снаряд
nozzle block сопловой блок
motor body труба (корпус двигателя)
propellant пороховой заряд реактивного
двигателя
motor rear дно
stabiliser fin перо стабилизатора
strip nitroglycerine powder ленточный нитроглицерино-
вый порох
87
turbine турбинка
foam wad пыж из пенопласта
tracer трасер
paper cartridge гильза из бумаги
ignition primer капсюль-воспламенитель
nozzle opening сопловое отверстие
detonator донная часть взрывателя
conductor проводник
Introductory exercises
88
to penetrate the armour взрываться при попадании
боевой части
to increase greatly survivability образовываться в кумулятив-
ной воронке
explode when struck by a warhead создавать кумулятивную
струю металла в состоянии
сверхпластичности
Text
The Javelin Advanced Anti-tank Weapon System-Medium (AAWS-
M) is a man-portable fire-and-forget weapon system used against ene-
my tanks, bunkers, buildings, small boats, and slow-moving helicopters.
Also, Javelin is adaptable to many platforms, including tripods, trucks,
and light armoured vehicles. Special features of Javelin are the choice
of top attack or direct fire mode, integrated day/night sight, soft launch
permitting fire from enclosures, and the imaging infrared seeker.
Javelin’s two major components are a reusable Command Launch
Unit (CLU) and the FGM-148 Javelin missile sealed in a disposable
launch tube assembly. The CLU’s integrated day/night sight provides
target engagement capability in adverse weather and countermeasure
environments. The CLU can also be used by itself for battlefield sur-
veillance and reconnaissance.
89
Javelin is fielded with no specific test measurement or diagnostic
equipment, allowing combat forces to deploy rapidly and unencum-
bered. Javelin’s fire-and-forget guidance mode enables gunners to fire
and then immediately take cover which greatly increases survivability.
Special features include a selectable top-attack or direct-fire mode (for
targets under cover or for use in urban terrain against bunkers and
buildings), target lock-on before launch, and a limited back-blast that
enables gunners to safely fire from enclosures and covered fighting po-
sitions.
The Javelin missile’s tandem warhead is a HEAT type. This round
utilises an explosive shaped charge to create a stream of super plastical-
ly deformed metal formed from trumpet-shaped metallic liners. The
result is a narrow high velocity particle stream that can penetrate ar-
mour.
The Javelin counters the advent of explosive reactive armour (ERA).
ERA boxes or tiles lie over a vehicle’s main armour and explode when
struck by a warhead. This explosion does not harm the vehicle’s main
armour, but causes steel panels to fly across the path of the HEAT
round’s particle stream, so that the warhead expends much of its energy
cutting through the panels instead of the main armour. The Javelin uses
two shaped-charge warheads in tandem. The weak, smaller diameter
HEAT precursor charge pushes through the ERA without setting it off,
and punches a channel through it for the much larger diameter HEAT
warhead, which then penetrates the target’s primary armour.
90
Exercises
III. Изучите таблицу и переведите ее содержание:
91
языке:
92
I – труба; II – патрубок; III – головная часть; IV – реактивный двигатель; V – пороховой заряд; 1
– предохранитель мушки; 2 – колпачок объектива; 3 – объектив; 4 – корпус оптического
прицела; 5 – наглазник; уширение трубы; 7 – раструб; 8 – тарель; 9 и 15 – чехлы; 10 – ремень; 11
– рукоятка ствола; 12 – рукоятка ударно-спускового механизма; 13 – корпус ударно-спускового
механизма; 14 – спусковой крючок; 16 – головная часть взрывателя; 17 – токоприводящий
конус; 18 – обтекатель; 19 – воронка; 20 – корпус; 21 – разрывной снаряд; 22 – сопловой блок;
23 – труба; 24 – пороховой заряд реактивного двигателя; 25 – дно; 26 – перо стабилизатора; 27 –
ленточный нитроглицериновый порох; 28 – турбинка; 29 – пыж из пенопласта; 30 – трассер; 31 –
гильза из бумаги; 32 – капсюль воспламенитель; 33 – сопловое отверстие; 34 – донная часть
взрывателя; 35 – проводник.
IV. Используя схему, назовите основные элементы конструк-
ции РПГ-7 и гранатометного выстрела ПГ-7В и английском
V. Ответьте на вопросы:
93
лета. Запуск гранаты осуществляется при помощи вышибного ди-
намо реактивного заряда, находящегося в сгорающей картонной
гильзе вокруг хвостовой части гранаты, присоединяемой перед
заряжанием. При выстреле часть пороховых газов вышибного за-
ряда истекает из сопла гранатомёта сзади, обеспечивая компенса-
цию отдачи и создавая позади стрелка опасную зону глубиной
свыше 20 метров. Запуск ракетного двигателя гранаты осуществ-
ляется автоматически, на удалении 10-20 метров от стрелка. Неко-
торые варианты гранат, например осколочная ОГ-7В, не имеют
ракетного двигателя и используют только вышибной заряд. Стаби-
лизация гранат на траектории осуществляется при помощи рас-
кладных стабилизаторов, а также благодаря вращению гранаты,
вызванному специальной турбинкой в ее хвостовой части и скоса-
ми на стабилизаторах.
94
LESSON 12: INFANTRY WEAPONS. IFV “WARRIOR”
Active terms and expressions
95
anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) противотанковая управляе-
мая ракета (ПТУР)
Introductory exercises
96
to keep in service обеспечивать круговую за-
щиту
Text
IFV Warrior
The tracked IFV known to the British Army as the Warrior was
originally known as MCV-80. It was intended to replace the old FV432
armoured personnel carrier. This vehicle was developed from the 1970s
onwards. A series of pre-production prototypes built in the early 1980s.
Production by GKN Defence commenced during 1986. The Warrior
has been in British Army service since 1988, seeing combat in the Gulf
in 1991 and during Iraq war. Production of this armoured vehicle
ceased in 1995. The original order was for over 1,000 units but Army
reorganisations reduced that to 789 of all types sufficient to equip seven
Mechanised Infantry battalions. The British Army plans to operate the-
se armoured fighting vehicles until 2035.
The base model is the Warrior Section Vehicle armed with non-
stabilised 30-mm Rarden cannon and coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun in
a two-man turret. The main gun fires armour-piercing and HE-FRAG
rounds. It is capable of destroying enemy armoured personnel carriers
at ranges of up to 1 500 m. It can also engage low-flying helicopters.
The Warrior IFV has an all-welded aluminium armour hull and lami-
nated steel armour turret. It provides all-round protection against 14.5-
mm armour-piercing rounds. Front arc is likely to withstand 25-mm
armour-piercing rounds. During military conflicts vehicles are fitted
with extra passive armour panels for protection against RPG rounds.
But these are not normally carried during peacetime operations. This
armoured fighting vehicle is also fitted with NBC protection system.
The seven troops carried enter through a door in the hull rear. Passen-
gers enter and leave the vehicle via rear doors. Once they are inside
there are sufficient combat supplies carried to maintain them in action
for at least 48 hours. There are no firing ports in the hull in order to im-
prove armour protection.
97
The Warrior IFV is powered by a Perkins CV8 TCA turbocharged
diesel engine, developing 550 hp. Engine is located at the front. It is
mated to an Allison 4-speed automatic transmission. Engine and trans-
mission are built in one module and can be replaced in field conditions
within 40 minutes. Warrior is fast for its class of vehicles. With a max-
imum road speed of 75 km/h it can keep up with Challenger 2
MBTs over the toughest terrain. Warriors may be fitted with dozer
blades or light mine-clearing ploughs.
The British Army also operates a Warrior Mechanised Artillery Ob-
servation Vehicle (MAOV) on which the only turret armament is a
7.62-mm machine gun and a dummy cannon barrel. There are two re-
pair and recovery vehicles, the Warrior Mechanised Recovery Vehicle
(Repair) (MCV(R)) and Mechanised Combat Repair Vehicle (MCVR),
both armed with a single 7.62-mm machine gun and equipped for their
roles with winches, cranes and other equipment.
A Warrior Command Vehicle is produced in four sub-variants (one
for the artillery), all outwardly identical to the Section Vehicle. There is
also Warrior carrying ATGW teams, originally armed with MILAN and
eventually Javelin. Several trial armament installations have been tested
on Warrior including one with a 90-mm gun turret.
A special hot weather version known as the Desert Warrior, or Fahris,
has been ordered by Kuwait - this model has a 25-mm cannon main
armament. A total of 254 Desert Warrior IFVs were built.
British vehicles have seen frequent use and are undergoing an up-
grade programme. It includes new armour, new turret and 40-mm can-
non. Over 600 of these IFVs will be upgraded to keep them in service.
Remaining Warriors will be converted to armoured recovery vehicles.
98
6. What type of propulsion is used in the Warrior?
7. What types of combat vehicles are built on the Warrior’s platform?
8. What types of anti-tank guided missiles do you know?
9. Are there any export versions of the Warrior?
10. What are the prospects for the IFV Warrior development?
99
БМП на английском языке:
100
1 – 30 мм пушка; 2 – дымовые гранатометы; 3 – антенна; 4 – прицел командира; 5 –
казенник пушки; 6 – боеукладка; 7 – сиденье командира; 8 – радиостанция; 9 – сиденье
наводчика; 10 – сиденья пехотинцев; 11 – ящики для снаряжения; 12 – прибор наблю-
дения; 13 – гидропривод открывания кормовой двери; 14 – биохимический туалет; 15 –
фильтр-вентиляционная установка; 16 – сиденье механика водителя; 17 – штурвал; 18 –
V. Используя схему, назовите основные элементы конструкции
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ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Нелюбин Л.Л. Военно-специальная подготовка (военному переводу).
Английский язык : учеб.-метод. комплекс. М. : МГИМО-Университет,
2006. 216 с.
2. Нелюбин Л.Л., Дормидонтов А.А., Васильченко А.А. Учебник военного
перевода. Английский язык. Общий курс. М. : Воен. изд-во, 1981.
379 с.
3. Нелюбин Л.Л., Дормидонтов А.А., Васильченко А.А. Учебник военного
перевода. Английский язык. Специальный курс. М. : Воен. изд-во,
1984. 440 с.
4. Судзиловский Г.А. Сленг – что это такое? Английская просторечная
военная лексика. Англо-русский словарь военного сленга. М. : Ордена
Трудового Красного Знамени Военное Издательство Министерства
Обороны СССР, 1973.
5. Шевченко М.А., Митчелл П.Дж. Обучение военных переводчиков в
гражданском вузе (опыт Национального исследовательского Томского
государственного университета) // Язык и культура. 2013. № 1 (21).
С. 125–131.
6. Mitchell P.J., Shevchenko M.A. Teaching Military Linguists: the Experience
of the British Army // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 19:
Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация. 2014. № 3. С. 141–148.
7. Министерство обороны Великобритании. URL: https://www.gov.uk/
government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
8. Сухопутные войска Великобритании. URL: http://www.army.mod.uk
9. Информационный канал Сухопутных войск Великобритании. URL:
http://www.youtube.com/user/armyweb
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ ................................................................................... 3
МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА ........................................................... 4
LESSON 1: ORGANISATION OF THE BRITISH ARMY ............... 6
LESSON 2: ARMS AND SERVICES OF THE BRITISH ARMY .... 12
LESSON 3: ELEMENTS OF THE BRITISH ARMY ....................... 22
LESSON 4: RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING
IN THE BRITISH ARMY ..................................................................... 28
LESSON 5: ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST ......... 35
LESSON 6: BRITISH INFANTRY. MISSIONS
AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 43
LESSON 7: DIVISIONS ........................................................................ 51
LESSON 8: INFANTRY BATTALION ............................................... 60
LESSON 9: SPECIAL AIR SERVICE ................................................ 66
LESSON 10: INFANTRY WEAPONS. SMALL ARMS .................... 72
LESSON 11: INFANTRY ANTITANK WEAPONS ........................... 86
LESSON 12: INFANTRY WEAPONS. IFV “WARRIOR” ............... 95
ЛИТЕРАТУРА ....................................................................................... 102
103
Издание подготовлено в авторской редакции
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