2017 Nec Requirement Guidelines For Installation of Listed Less Flammable Liquid Filled Transformers

2020 NEC Requirement
Guidelines
Reference Data COOPER POWER
SERIES
Effective October 2021
TD900001EN Supersedes January 2019
2020 NEC requirement guidelines for the installation

of listed less-flammable liquid-filled transformers
General requirements
General NEC transformer installation requirements:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NESC (ANSI C2) recognition:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Indoor installation options
Table 1: NEC Section 450.23 requirements – indoor installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Type I and Type II building definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
NFPA 450.26 information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Example of indoor installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Outdoor installation options
Outdoor installation option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 2: NEC Section 450.23 requirements - outdoor installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
NFPA 450.27 information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Outdoor installation using conventional mineral oil, per IEEE 979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Listing options for indoor installations
Listing options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Listing option A – UL requirements.�� 7
Table 3: UL classification marking..�� 7
Fire protection for indoor transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 4: Recommended construction for transformer buildings and rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Listing option B – FM requirements..�� 9
FM Approved transformer..�� 9
Table 5: FM pressure relief device required ratings..�� 10
Table 6: FM maximum I2t let through required ratings..�� 10
Listing options for outdoor installations
Listing options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Listing option A – UL requirements.�� 12
Listing option B – FM requirements..�� 12
Separation distance..�� 13
Table 7: Separation for exposure protection of main building walls.. �� 13
Table 8: Separation and extent of two-hour fire barrier for protection of main building walls..�� 14
Table 9: Transformer fire exposure to non-combustible building roof where separation from wall is
based on three-hour fire barrier or water spray protection..�� 15
Table 10: Minimum separation distance between adjacent transformers..�� 15
Outdoors on or adjacent to combustible buildings or combustible materials..�� 16
UL listing requirement highlights for indoor installations - Appendix 1 �� 17
UL listing requirement highlights for outdoor installations - Appendix 2�� 18
UL classified less-flammable liquid and UL listed & classified
transformers - Appendix 3�� 19
FM listing requirement highlights for indoor installations - Appendix 4�� 26
FM listing requirement highlights for outdoor installations - Appendix 5�� 27
These guidelines represent Eaton’s understanding and

interpretation of the National Electrical Code™, UL™
Classification of Envirotemp™ FR3™ fluid and FM Global
Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 - Transformers,
Approved Transformer Fluids Standard 6933, FM Approved
Transformer Standard 3990 and IEEE standards in effect at
the time of this publication. It does not necessarily represent
the position of Eaton on the protection and installation of
less-flammable transformers.
Reference Data TD900001EN
General requirements Note:

The intention of this guide is focused on the NEC requirements
NEC (NFPA 70) recognition: These guidelines focus on the for the installation of transformers. However, the user of the
requirements of Section 450.23 of the 2020 National Electrical guide should be aware that not all transformer installations are
Code (NEC) for the installation of less-flammable liquid-insulated under the jurisdiction to require compliance to NEC, such as the
transformers. Less-flammable liquids are used in transformers NESC, the National Electrical Safety Code. Transformer owned
where an extra margin of fire safety is important. Typical and operated by electric Utilities typically follow the
applications include installations indoors, on rooftops, near NESC guidelines.
buildings, bush and forest fire prone areas and in pedestrian
traffic areas. NESC (ANSI C2) recognition: Utility-owned transformer
installations are typically subject to the requirements of the
Less-flammable liquids, also known as high fire point liquids, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), ANSI C2, in lieu of
are transformer dielectric coolants that have a minimum fire the NEC. Since 1993, the NESC has also recognized the
point of 300°C. Commonly used fire resistant coolants include use of less-flammable transformer liquid as an optional fire
high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWH), dimethysiloxane, safeguard for indoor and outdoor transformer installations in
synthetic esters (Envirotemp 200 fluid), and natural esters Section 152. Other optional fire safeguard methods that may
(Envirotemp FR3 fluid). Two nationally recognized testing be applied, depending on the degree of fire hazard p resent
laboratories (NRTL)* Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and FM in the installation, are separation from combustible materials
Global (FM) currently list less-flammable liquids. They also list or structures, liquid c onfinement, fire resistant barriers or
less-flammable liquid-filled transformers. enclosures, or extinguishing systems.
Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers were formally
recognized by the NEC for indoor installations in 1978. In
1990, the NEC integrated specific less-flammable transformer
requirements for outdoor installations into Section 450.23, in
effect recognizing less-flammable transformers as inherently
safer than conventional oil-filled transformers. Less-flammable
transformers, long recognized as an additional safeguard for
indoor installations, are becoming increasingly recognized for
outdoor installations as well.
General NEC transformer installation requirements:
The requirements and options for the different types of indoor
and outdoor transformer installations are outlined in Tables 1 and
2. These guidelines also summarize the UL classification and
FM Global Approved installation requirements for less-flammable
liquid referred to as “listing” requirements in NEC 450.23.
NEC Section 450.28, Modification of Transformers, requires
that when modifications are made to transformers in existing
installations that change the transformer type, the transformers
must be marked to show the type of insulating liquid installed
and the installations must comply with current requirements
of the NEC. Examples of changes include replacing a complete
transformer (retrofitting) or replacement of the fluid only
(retrofilling). Askarel (PCB) and conventional mineral oil-filled
transformers can be retrofitted or retrofilled using some types
of less-flammable liquids like natural esters. Section 110.34 sets
minimum clear work space d imensions around transformers.
*Refer to Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) for complete listing of NRTLs.
2 www.eaton.com/cooperpowerseries 2020 code options for the installation of listed less-flammable liquid-filled transformers
Indoor installation options NFPA 450.26 information

(Refer to appendices 1 and 4) 450.26 Oil-insulated transformers installed indoors.
450.23 Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers Oil insulated transformers installed indoors shall be installed in a
Transformers insulated with listed less-flammable liquids that vault constructed as specified in Part III of this article.
have a fire point of not less than 300°C shall be permitted to be Exception No. 1: Where the total capacity does not exceed 112½
installed in accordance with 450.23(A) or 450.23(B). kVA, the vault specified in Part III of this article shall be permitted
Table 1. NEC section 450.23 requirements – (A) indoor to be constructed of reinforced concrete that is less than 100
installation. Indoor installations shall be permitted in accordance mm (4 in.) thick.
with one of the following: Exception No. 2: Where the nominal voltage does not exceed
(1) In Type I or Type II buildings*, in areas where all of the 1000 volts, a vault shall not be required if suitable arrangements
following requirements are met: are made to prevent a transformer oil fire from igniting other
materials and the total capacity in one location does not exceed
a. The transformer is rated 35,000 volts or less 10 kVA in a section of the building classified as combustible
or 75 kVA where the surrounding structure is classified as fire-
b. No combustible materials are stored
resistant construction.
c. A liquid confinement area is provided
Exception No. 3: Electric furnace transformers that have a
d. The installation complies with all the restrictions provided for total rating not exceeding 75 kVA shall be permitted to be
in the listing of the liquid installed without a vault in a building or room of fire-resistant
construction, provided suitable arrangements are made
Informational note: Such restrictions may include, but are not to prevent a transformer oil fire from spreading to other
limited to: maximum pressure of the tank, use of a pressure combustible material.
relief valve, appropriate fuse types and proper sizing of
overcurrent protection. Exception No. 4: A transformer that has a total rating not
exceeding 75 kVA and a supply voltage of 1000 volts or less that
(2) With an automatic fire extinguishing system and a liquid is an integral part of charged-particle-accelerating equipment
confinement area, provided the transformer is rated 35,000 shall be permitted to be install without a vault in a building or
volts or less room of non-combustible or fire-resistant construction, providing
(3) In accordance with 450.26** suitable arrangements are made to prevent a transformer oil fire
from spreading to other combustible material.
Type I and Type II building definition
Exception No. 5: Transformers shall be permitted to be installed
Type I – Fire-resistive in a detached building that does not comply with Part III of this
article if neither the building nor its content present a fire hazard
This concrete and steel structure, called fire resistive when first
to any other building or property, and if the building is used only
built at the turn of the century, is supposed to confine a fire by
in supplying electric service and the interior is accessible only to
its construction. This type of construction in which the building
qualified persons.
elements are of non-combustible materials, such as concrete
and steel. The roof is also of non-combustible material, such as Exception No. 6: Oil insulated transformers shall be permitted
concrete or steel. to be used without a vault in portable or mobile surface mining
equipment (such as electric excavator) if each of the following
Type II – Non-combustible
conditions are met:
This type of building has steel or concrete walls, floors, and • Provisions are made for draining leaking fluid to the ground
structural framework similar to type I construction; however,
the roof covering material is combustible. The roof covering of • Safe egress is provided for personnel
a type II building can be a layer of asphalt waterproofing, with a
combustible felt paper covering. Another layer of asphalt may be • A minimum of 6 mm (1/4 in) steel barrier is provided for
mopped over the felt paper. personnel protection
* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible or limited combustible Type I and II building construction.
** N
o additional NEC article 450.23 safeguards are required if one or more of exceptions 1 - 6 of Section 450.26, Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors apply.
2020 code options for the installation of listed less-flammable liquid-filled transformers www.eaton.com/cooperpowerseries 3
Example – Option (A)(1), indoor installation rated ≤ 35 kV

Without a vault in Type I or II building*, non-combustible
materials with liquid containment pan.
*Refer to NFPA 220 for more information about Type I and Type II building construction.
Outdoor installation options Oil enclosures shall be permitted to consist of fire-resistant

(Refer to appendices 2 and 5) dikes, curbed areas or basins, or trenches filled with coarse,
crushed stone. Oil enclosures shall be provided with trapped
Outdoor installations using less-flammable liquid-insulated drains where the exposure and the quantity of oil involved are
transformers must comply with NEC section 450.23, which such that removal of oil is important.
defines the requirements for the two installations options as
detailed in Table 2: Informational note: For additional information on transformers
installed on poles or structures or underground, see ANSI/IEEE
Table 2. NEC Section 450.23 requirements – Less-flammable C2-2017, National Electrical Safety Code.
liquid filled transformers shall be permitted to be installed
outdoors, attached to, adjacent to, or on the roof of building, *Refer to NFPA 220 for more information about Type I and Type II
where installed according with (1) or (2). building construction.
As in indoor installations, less-flammable liquid-insulated
1. For Type I or Type II buildings*, the installation shall transformers are increasingly recognized as an additional
comply with all the restrictions provided for in the listing safeguard by insurance underwriters and specifiers for outdoor
of the liquid. applications. The degree of fire safety will be significantly
2. Informational note No. 1: Installations adjacent to increased when a transformer is filled with less-flammable
combustible material, fire escapes or door and window liquid instead of conventional mineral oil. Transformers installed
openings may require additional safeguards such as according to the listing requirements of less-flammable liquids
those listed in 450.27. will provide an even greater margin of safety.
Informational note No. 2: Such restrictions may include, Outdoor installations using conventional mineral oil, per
but are not limited to: maximum pressure of the tank, IEEE 979
use of a pressure relief valve, appropriate fuse types and
proper sizing of overcurrent protection. Spatial separation of outdoor mineral-oil-insulated
equipment
or
Electrical equipment installed outdoors and containing mineral
2. In accordance with 450.27 oil should be separated from other equipment, buildings, and
the adjacent property line to minimize the impact of a major fire.
3. Informational note No. 1: As used in this section, Spatial separation is an effective method for reducing fire spread
Type I and Type II buildings refers to Type I and Type or damage from mineral-oil-filled equipment fires.
II building construction as defined in NFPA 220-2018,
Standard on types of building construction. Combustible There are two methods for determining acceptable minimum
materials refers to those materials not classified as separation distances. Prescriptive guidelines are presented in 7.2
non-combustible or limited-combustible as defined followed by a performance-based alternative discussed in 7.3. The
in NFPA 220-2018, Standard on types of building prescriptive method is most commonly used, but this method
construction. may not provide adequate protection for all site conditions. The
performance-based method indicates a level of protection that
Informational note No. 2: See definition of Listed in more accurately models the specific site conditions.
Article 100. Per Section 1.3 General: The predominant dielectric insulating
450.27 Oil-insulated transformers installed outdoors fluid for transformers is mineral oil, and mineral oil constitutes
one of the primary fire hazards in the substation. Consequently,
Combustible material, combustible buildings and parts of much of this guide addresses hazards and protection measures
buildings, fire escapes, and door and window openings shall be based on mineral oil fires. There are several alternative fluids
safeguarded from fires originating in oil-insulated transformers with improved fire safety properties (higher flash and fire points),
installed on roofs, attached to or adjacent to a building or known as “less-flammable” dielectric fluids, which have been
combustible material. introduced. Many of these fluids have been recognized as
reducing the hazard and the risk of a fire occurring relative to
In case where the transformer installation presents a fire mineral oil. Use of a “less flammable” fluid is one means to
hazard, one or more of the following safeguards shall be applied reduce the risk of fire at a substation. See 8.4.2 and A.21 for
according to the degree of hazard involved: additional information on these fluids.
• Space separation
• Fire resistant barriers
• Automatic fire suppression systems
• Enclosures that confine the oil of a rupture transformer tank
* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible or limited combustible

Type I and II building construction.
** P
er NFPA 220, the definition of combustible material refers to material not
classified as non-combustible or limited-combustible.
Example of outdoors on or adjacent to Type I and Type II NEC options for transformer listing **
buildings non-combustible building* and no combustible Indoor installation
material stored in the area
At the time of the publication of this guide, two nationally
recognized testing entities list less-flammable insulating liquids
and publish their respective listing requirements:
A. Underwriters Laboratories classifications
B. FM Global approvals
It is optional which of the listings are used to comply with
450.23.
For indoor installations, if the transformers are provided with
less-flammable liquid insulation and are installed without a
vault in a Type I or Type II non-combustible building* where no
combustible material is storage, it requires:
1) A liquid confinement area be provided.
Liquid containment may include:
- Containment pan
- Curbing
- Room containment (e.g. door sill)
2) The transformer be filled with a listed less-flammable
insulating liquid with a minimum of 300°C fire point.
3) The installation complies with all restrictions provided for in
the listing of the liquid.
or
A liquid confinement area, as indicated above and an automatic
fire extinguishing system.
If the transformer has a non-listed insulating liquid, provide
individual containment for the content of the transformer to
prevent spills from flowing to another transformers or important
equipment in the room.
or
It must be installed in a vault complying with the NEC 450 Part
III, Transformer vaults.
Section 450.26 may be followed in lieu of any requirements
listed in Section 450.23. Exceptions to vault requirements
are listed.
Points in Section 450.26 are also valid for less-flammable
liquid-filled installations. Construction requirements for vaults
are detailed in Part III of Article 450.
Section 450.42 in Part III, Transformer vaults, allows an
exception to the three-hour vault requirement permitting a
one-hour rated fire resistant rated room if equipped with an
automatic extinguishing system.
*Refer to NFPA 220 for more information about Type I and Type II building construction.
**No additional NEC article 450.23 safeguards are required if one or more of exceptions 1-6 of Section 450.26, Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed
Indoors, apply.
Listing option – A Table 3. UL classification marking for Envirotemp FR3 fluid

Underwriters Laboratories requirements* (EOVK.MH10678)
The UL classification of less-flammable liquids per the NEC

Section 450.23 for 3-phase 45-10,000 kVA transformers
requires:
• Transformers be equipped with tanks capable of withstanding
12 psig without rupture. “Envirotemp™ FR3.” Classed 4 to 5 less hazardous than paraffin oil with respect
to fire hazard.
• Transformers be equipped with pressure relief devices
with minimum pressure relief capacity per the UL Flash point (closed cup) 255°C (491°F). Fire point 358°C (676°F). Ignition
classification marking. temperature 428°C (802°F). Also Classified as a “less-flammable liquid” as
specified in the National Electric Code when used in 3-phase transformers, 45
• Transformer primaries be protected with overcurrent
through 10,000 kVA with the following “use restrictions”:
protection options per the UL classification marking.
A. F
or use only in 3-phase transformers having tanks capable of withstanding
Overcurrent protection option I, available exclusively with an internal pressure of 12 psig without rupture.
Envirotemp FR3 fluid’s UL classification, allows internal
expulsion fuses (e.g. bay-o-net fuses) only if in series with B. R
equired use of pressure relief devices on transformer tank in accordance
current limiting fuses. Overcurrent protection option II allows with the following tabulation to limit internal pressure buildup and prevent
stand-alone expulsion fuses, but they must be located o utside tank rupture due to gas generation under low current arcing faults, and
the transformer tank. equired use of current limiting fusing in the transformer primary having I2t
C. R
To specify a UL classified Envirotemp FR3 fluid-filled transformer characteristics not exceeding the values in the following tabulation. Under-
for a specific kVA rating, refer to the UL classification marking fluid expulsion fuses may be used in series with the current-limiting fuses,
for the fluid shown in Table 3. in accordance with the manufacturer’s protection scheme, or
equired use of overcurrent protection in the transformer primary having I2t

D. R
characteristics not exceeding the values in the following tabulation. If the
fuse is designed to vent during operation (such as an expulsion fuse),
it shall be located external to the transformer tank.
Transformer Required protection Required prc

3-phase transformer Required current Or Required Minimum required
rating kVA limiting fusing (+) overcurrent pressure relief
maximum I2t (A2s) protection (+) capacity, (++)
maximum I2t (A2s) SCFM at 15 psi
45 500,000 700,000 35
75 500,000 800,000 35
112.5 550,000 900,000 35
150 600,000 1,000,000 50
225 650,000 1,200,000 100
300 750,000 1,400,000 100
500 900,000 1,900,000 350
750 1,100,000 2,200,000 350
1,000 1,250,000 3,400,000 350
1,500 1,500,000 4,500,000 700
2,000 1,750,000 6,000,000 700
2,500 2,000,000 7,500,000 5,000
3,000 2,250,000 9,000,000 5,000
3,750 2,500,000 11,000,000 5,000
5,000 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000
7,500 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000
10,000 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000
(+) T
his is an additional requirement to the overcurrent protection required in
accordance with Section 450.3 of the current National Electrical Code®.
(++) Opening pressure, 10 psig maximum.
* UL EOVK - Transformer fluids
Reprinted from the Online Certifications Directory with permission from UL © 2018 UL LLC.
Fire protection for indoor transformers (FM Global requirement)

If transformers are to be located indoors, provide a detached dedicated building or room with
location and construction safeguards as described in Fig. 1 and Table 4 (reference to Fig. 2a
and Table 4 of FM DS 5-4). If transformers are to be located within cut-off rooms for exposure
protection, ensure the cooling characteristics of the transformer are not compromised. This applies
to dry or liquid filled insulated transformers.
Main building
(Plant view)
3
4
1 = Detached building
2 = Outside room with direct access from outside only
3,4 = Inside room with direct access from outside only
(See Table 4 for construction features)
Fig 1. Locations from transformer buildings and rooms*

Table 4. Recommended construction for transformer buildings and rooms**
Fluid volume in largest Fire protection for

Transformer type Fluid type transformer Room or building fire ratinga transformer liquidsa
Dry or gas insulatedb Not applicable Not applicable Non combustible Nonec
FM Approved or equivalentd FM Approved liquid Anye Non combustible Nonec
Non-approved transformers FM Approved liquids Anye One-hour fire-rated Nonec
Non combustible Per section 2.2.3f
Non Approved liquids Less than 100 gal One-hour fire-rated Nonec
(380 L)e
Three-hour fire-rated with subdivisions Nonec
if multiple transformersf
More than 100 gal Three-hour fire-rated with multiple Per section 2.2.3f
(380 L)e transformers and no subdivision
One-hour fire-rated with single Per section 2.2.3f
transformer
a Transformers in location 1 may also be treated as outdoor transformers in accordance with Section 2.3
b With no oil-filled bushings, oil-filled tap changer or other oil-filled accessories that could increase the fire hazard
c See also Section 2.2.3.4 for protection of combustibles other than transformer liquids
d Section 3.3 describes FM approved and equivalent transformers
e Provide liquid spill containment in accordance with section 2.2.1.4
f utomatic sprinklers, foam-water sprinklers or water mist. Also provide emergency drainage for sprinklers
A
discharge per Section 2.2.1.5
g Subdivide room or building with three-hour fire-rated construction for each transformer if multiple transformers
are present
* Fig. 1 is based on the information provided on Fig. 2 of the FM document DS 5-4 dated 07-2019.
** Table 4 is based on the information provided on Table 4 of the FM document DS 5-4 dated 07-2019.
Listing option - B
FM Global requirements
The FM indoor installation requirements for all transformer and According to FM Global Standard 3990 dated 1-2018, the key
fluid types are given in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data protection features are as listed below. Refer to the FM standard
Sheets 5-4 - Transformers (LPD). Specific requirements for less- for complete requirements:
flammable liquid-insulated transformers are included. Refer to
Section 2.2.1.2 of FM LPD for special installation requirements
• The transformer tank rupture strength shall be a m inimum of
for network transformers. 15 psig for rectangular and 20 psig for cylindrical tanks. All
transformer tanks shall be designed to withstand a pressure
General transformer requirements are as follows: of 7 psig without p
ermanent distortion, and
• Minimum 3 ft. clear from building walls, and • The transformer tank shall be provided with a p ressure relief
device to vent internal over-pressures. The device must be
• Liquid containment provisions, and capable of venting a minimum s pecified flow rate, based
• Room fire resistance rating based on fluid and transformer on the kVA as noted in Table 4 and Section 3.2.3 of the FM
type, and Global Standard 3990. Proper pressure venting coordinated
with proper tank pressure withstand rating has proven highly
• Room ventilation, if necessary, to prevent non-thermal effective in preventing tank rupture from overpressure due to
damage, and internal fault currents below the trip rating of primary circuit
• Smoke detection with alarm in the electrical room current limiting fuses, and
Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers must comply with one

• The unit is filled with an FM Global less-flammable liquid* to
of the following: reduce the probability of ignition of the liquid. Less-flammable
liquids, also known as high fire point or fire resistant liquids,
• Be FM Approved or equivalent, are dielectric coolants that have a minimum fire point of 300
°C per the ASTM D92 open cup test method, and
or
• The primary circuit shall have over-current protection which
• Be located in a room with a one hour fire resistance rating, limits the let-through current (I2t) to a specified maximum
or value as listed in Table 5 and in Section 3.2.5 of the FM Global
Standard 3990. Current-limiting fusing and its functional
• Have automatic sprinklers above the transformer and 20 ft. equivalents are designed to interrupt a high current internal
beyond with a discharge density of 0.20 gpm/sq. ft. fault before the tank withstand pressure level is reached. If
FM Approved transformer protection is designed to vent gas during operation, such as
with expulsion fuses, this protection shall be located outside
Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers rated 5 through 10,000 the transformer tank. Exception: E nvirotemp FR3 fluid-
kVA must be equipped with specific design and protection immersed expulsion fusing (e.g. bay-o-net) may be mounted in
features to be FM Approved or equivalent. Key characteristics of the transformer tank if in series and properly coordinated with
this protection system are fire properties of the liquid, the ability current limiting fusing, and
to mechanically withstand pressure generated by a low level
electrical fault and the ability of electrical p
rotection to clear a
• The transformer shall have an additional nameplate with the
fault before tank rupture. FM Global mark with the following data: tank pressure rating,
fuse part number, pressure relief device part number, and
requirements particular to the type of installation.
* For a listing of FM Global less-flammable liquids, refer to the less-flammable fluids section of the FM Global Approval Guide - Electrical Equipment.
Listing option - B
FM Global requirements (continued)
• For grounded wye secondary windings of 150 volts or more Table 6. FM maximum I2t let through required ratings
and rated at 1,000 or more nominal amperes, a n otification
tag shall be provided by the manufacturer, secured to the
kVA rating Current-limiting Other protection
low voltage neutral bushing, advising that the transformer 3-phase (1-phase) fusing
installation requires ground fault relay protection prior to
energization (if not installed at time of manufacturing), Indoor 45 (15) 500,000 700,000
units greater than 500 kVA should be provided with alarm 75 (25) 500,000 800,000
contacts on the pressure relief device and units greater
than 2500 kVA, in all locations shall be equipped with alarm 112.5 (37.5) 550,000 900,000
contacts on the pressure relief device and a rapid-rise 150 (50) 600,000 1,000,000
relay, and
225 (75) 650,000 1,200,000
• Three-phase pad-mounted and substation transformers
300 (100) 750,000 1,400,000
shall be equipped with an oil level gauge. Additionally, all
transformers rated 750 kVA or higher shall be equipped with a 500 (167) 900,000 1,900,000
liquid temperature indicator and pressure-vacuum gauge, and 750 (250) 1,100,000 2,200,000
• Transformers shall be capable of passing Basic Lightning 1,000 (333) 1,250,000 3,400,000
Impulse Insulation Level (BIL) testing at a minimum tilt of 1.5°
from vertical 1,500 (500) 1,500,000 4,500,000
2,000 (667) 1,750,000 6,000,000
Table 5: FM pressure relief device required ratings 2,500 (833) 2,000,000 7,500,000
3,000 (1,000) 2,250,000 9,000,000
kVA rating Flow rate
3-phase (1-phase) SCFM @ 15psi (103 pKa) 3,750 (1,250) 2,500,000 11,000,000
112.5 (37.5) 35 5,000 (1,667) 3,000,000 14,000,000
150 (50) 50 7,500 (2,500) 3,000,000 14,000,000
300 (100) 100 10,000 (3,333) and over 3,000,000 14,000,000
1,000 (333) 350 Note: For kVA ratings not listed use next lowest rating in table.
2,000 (667) 700
10,000 (3,333) 5,000
Over 10000 KVA (3333 1Ø) 12600
Note: For kVA ratings not listed use next highest rating in table.
NEC options for transformer listing – A fine print note states that combustible material**, combustible
outdoor installations buildings, fire escapes and door and window openings
may require additional safeguarding, as describe in Section
The NEC allows two different options for the listing of the 450.27. Fine Print Notes (FNP) are defined in Section 90.5 as
installed liquid transformers: informational only and are not enforceable as code requirements
(A) Underwriters Laboratories
(B) FM Global
For outdoor installations, the FM approval indicates that the Spill
containment requirements for environmental protection and
related regulations are outside the scope of the DS 5-4. Some
considerations can still be provided.
1. If an accidental release of transformer fluid could expose a
main building or adjacent equipment or storage, provide the
liquid filled transformer with a spill containment
2. Design the spill containment system in accordance with
Chapter 7 of IEEE STD 980.
or
It must be installed in accordance with NEC section 450.27, oil
insulated transformers installed outdoors, i.e. space separation,
fire barriers or water spray systems
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers are permitted
to be installed outdoors, attached to, on, or adjacent to
non-combustible* buildings. The installation must comply with
the requirements of a recognized listing of the fluid.
*Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible or limited-combustible Type I and II building construction.
**Per NFPA 220, the definition of combustible material refers to material not classified as non-combustible or limited-combustible.
Listing option - A Listing option - B

Underwriters Laboratories requirements FM Global requirements
The same UL classification of less-flammable liquids per the The outdoor installation requirements, according to FM Global
NEC Section 450.23 for 3-phase 45-10,000 kVA transformers Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 - Transformers,
applies to both indoor and outdoor applications and requires: consist of requirements for transformer and fluid types. Specific
requirements for less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers are
• Transformers be equipped with tanks capable of withstanding included.
12 psig without rupture, and
FM outdoor installation requirements are based on the FM
• Transformers be equipped with pressure relief devices with Approval status of the transformer and both the volume and
minimum pressure relief capacity per the UL classification FM Approval status of the fluid. If transformers filled with
marking, and conventional mineral oil or non-approved fluids would expose
• Transformer primaries be protected with overcurrent buildings and equipment to a release of oil, the transformer
protection options per the UL classification marking must comply with FM LPD requirements. This may include
containment, separation distances, fire barriers, or water
Overcurrent protection option I, available exclusively with spray systems. Installation of FM Approved transformers
Envirotemp FR3 fluid’s UL classification, allows internal expulsion or transformers with FM Approved less-flammable liquids
fuses (e.g. bay-o-net fuses) in series with current limiting fuses. must comply with FM LPD requirements for containment
Overcurrent protection option II allows stand-alone expulsion and separation distances. The FM LPD provides detailed
fuses, but they must be located outside the transformer tank. requirements for fire barriers in Section 2.3.1.1.1 and water spray
To specify a UL Classified Envirotemp FR3 fluid-filled transformer exposure protection in Section 2.3.2.1.
for a specific kVA rating, refer to the UL classification marking for Fluid containment requirements as detailed in Section 2.3.1.4 of
the fluid shown in Table 3. the FM LPD are:
• Provide a liquid containment when accidental release of fluid
could expose the main building, adjacent equipment
or storage
• Design the containment per IEEE 980
• Where water spray is provided, install additional containment
or direct discharge water, this per DS 7-83
• Provide system for removal of rainwater from the
containment area
• Extend containment perimeter at least 5 ft for transformers
with up to 1000 gal and 8 ft for transformers with more than
1000 gal
Listing option - B
Separation distance: Separation distance requirements

are based on whether the transformer is FM Approved or
equivalent, or the volume of fluid, and if the fluid is FM
Approved. For FM listed less-flammable liquid as well as
the non-approved FM transformer, the horizontal distance is
measured from closest inside edge of the spill containment
barrier area and the two-hour fire barrier.
Per approval standard 3990 dated 1-2018, the transformer must be located 5 ft (1.5 m) from
doors, fire escapes and windows
Exposed blank building wall
Transformer
Main X Main
building building
Containment
Plant view Elevation view
X = Minimum separation distance from inside edge of containment to wall

(See Table 7)
Fig 2. Minimum horizontal separation distance between outdoor liquid-insulated transformer

and exposed walls of main building*
Table 7. Separation for exposure protection of main building walls (see Fig. 2) **
Minimum horizontal distance from containment to expose building wall

(dimension X in Fig. 2)
Fluid volume, Two-hour fire-rated wall Non-combustible wall 1 Combustible wall 1
Fluid or transformer type gal (m3) ft (m) ft (m) ft (m)
FM Approved transformer or Per approval listing 3 (0.9) 3 (0.9) 3 (0.9)
equivalent
FM Approved liquid in non-approved < 10,000 (38) 5 (1.5) 5 (1.5) 25 (7.6)

transformer >10,000 (38) 15 (4.6) 15 (4.6) 50 (15.2)
<500 (1.9) 5 (1.5) 15 (4.6) 25 (7.6)
Non-approved transformer liquid <5000 (19) 15 (4.6) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2)
>5000 (19) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 100 (30.5)
1 For definition of combustible and non-combustible construction material, see Appendix A of DS 1-1. Fire safe building construction and materials
* Figure 2 is based on the information provided on Fig. 3 of the FM document DS 5-4 dated 07-2019.
Listing option - B
Exposed blank building wall
Two-hour fire barrier with minimum

30" (0.75 m) parapet*
Roof
Y
Transformer
Main X Main
building building Z
Containment
X, Y, Z = Minimum dimensions (See Table 8)
* Information taken from FM data sheet 5-4. There seems to be an inconsistency in the data sheet, Eaton's calculation for 30 in. is 0.76 m.
Fig 3. Use of two-hour fire barriers and separation distances for protection of exposed main building walls*
Table 8. Separation and extent of two-hour fire barrier for protection of main building walls (for dimensions refer to Fig. 3)**
Separation and extent of two-hour fire barrier

Fluid volume, Dimensions 1,2 Non-combustible wall 3 Combustible wall 3
Fluid type gal (m3) (See Fig. 3) ft (m) ft (m)
X 5 (1.5) 5 (1.5)
< 10,000 (38) Y 5 (1.5) 25 (7.6)
Z 25 (7.6) 25 (7.6)
FM Approved transformer fluid
X 15 (4.6) 15 (4.6)
>10,000 (38) Y 15 (4.6) 50 (15.2)
Z 50 (15.2) 50 (15.2)
X 5 (1.5) 5 (1.5)
<500 (1.9) Y 15 (4.6) 25 (7.6)
Z 25 (7.6) 25 (7.6)
X 15 (4.6) 15 (4.6)
Non-approved transformer ≤5000 (19) Y 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2)
liquid
Z 50 (15.2) 50 (15.2)
X 25 (7.6) 25 (7.6)
>5000 (19) Y 50 (15.2) 100 (30.5)
Z 100 (30.5) 100 (30.5)
1 The X distances refer to minimum separation between the closest inside edge of the spill containment area and the two-hour fire barrier. These are the same as Table 5
(of DS 5-4) for two-hour fire-rated walls. Dimension Y is the horizontal extent of the barrier starting from the respective edge of containment.
2 Barrier vertical extent is dimension Z in the table of the building height plus 30 in. (0.75 m) parapet, whichever is less.
3 For definitions of combustible and non-combustible construction material, see Appendix A of DS 1-1, Fire building construction and materials
Listing option - B
Three-hour fire barrier with minimum

30" (0.8 m) parapet*
Exposed W-X
roof area
Transformer
Main X
building
with non-
combustible X
roof
W
Containment
W = Horizontal distance of exposure from edge of containment, from Table 9

X = Separation distance from barrier to inside edge of containment
* Information taken from FM data sheet 5-4. There seems to be an inconsistency in the data sheet, Eaton's
calculation for 30 in. is 0.76 m.
Fig 4. Determination of exposed roof area*
Table 9. Transformer fire exposure to non-combustible building roof where separation from wall is based on three-hour fire
barrier or water spray protection**
Liquid type Maximum liquid volume gal (m3) Building height ft (m) W (see Fig. 4) ft (m)
<1000 (3.8) Any Not exposed
Any ≥50 (15) Not exposed
Non-approved transformer fluid 1000 – 5000 (3.8 – 19) ≥25 (7.5) Not exposed
1000 – 5000 (3.8 – 19) <25 (7.5) 15 (4.5)
>5000 (19) <50 (15) 25 (7.5)
Table 10. Minimum separation distance between adjacent transformers ***
FM Approved transformer
Liquid type or equivalent Liquid volume gal (m3) Distance ft (m)
Yes N/A 3 (0.9)
FM Approved transformer fluid No <10000 (38) 5 (1.5)
No >10000 (38) 25 (7.6)
N/A <500 (1.9) 5 (1.5)
Non-approved transformer fluid N/A <5000 (19) 25 (7.6)
N/A >5000 (19) 50 (15.2)
Note: If the separation distance between transformers on Table 10 are not met and barriers are not provided, install water spray
protection on each transformer per Section 2.3.2 of the FMDS0504 dated 07-2019.
*** Table 10 is based on the information provided on Table 8 of the FM document DS 5-4 dated 07-2019.
Outdoors on or adjacent to combustible buildings

or combustible materials
Installation type
For installations other than Type I and Type II* buildings or for
installations that do not comply with all the restrictions provided
for in the listing of the liquid.
NEC requirement
• Per NEC Section 450.27, Oil-insulated transformers
installed outdoors
Section 450.23 refers to Section 450.27, Oil insulated
transformers outdoors, for installation requirements when less-
flammable liquid-filled transformers are installed on or adjacent
to combustible buildings or near combustible materials. As for
conventional oil-filled transformers, it requires the safeguarding
of combustible material, combustible buildings, fire escapes
and door and window openings. Recognized safeguards include
space separation, fire barriers, spray extinguishing systems and
confinement areas for spilled fluid. The NEC requires that one
or more of the above safeguards be applied according to the
degree of fire hazard p resent in cases where the installation
presents a fire hazard. Obviously, less-flammable liquid-filled
transformers significantly reduce the possibility that the
installation presents a fire hazard compared to c onventional
mineral oil.
*Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible or limited-combustible Type I and II building construction.
Appendix 1 - Indoor installations per UL Listing requirements
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per UL Listing
Requirement highlights
Transformer ≤ 35 kV and
liquid confinement area
No
available
Yes
Automatic fire
extinguishing No
system available
Non-combustible building
(Type I or Type II)* and No
No combustibles in the area Yes
In accordance
with one or more
Yes Yes of the exceptions
of NEC 450.26
UL Classified transformer fluid** No

No
Yes
Vault requirements
Installation incorporates per NEC 450, Part III
UL classification** marking No
requirements
Yes
or or
UL OPTION I UL OPTION II
• Pressure relief device • Pressure relief device
• Minimum 12 psig tank pressure • Minimum 12 psig tank pressure rupture withstand
rupture withstand • Overcurrent protection per UL classification
• Primary current-limiting fusing per marking.**
UL classification marking.** Note: Devices that vent during operation such as
bay-o-net fuses may not be liquid-immersed.
COMPLIANCE
WITH
NEC 450.23
NEC Code requirements
UL Listing requirements
UL Classified transformer fluids:**

Cargill Envirotemp FR3 fluid (natural ester), Option I or Option II
Dow Corning™ 561 (silicone), Option II only
* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction
** Transformer Fluids (EOVK), Underwriters Laboratories Certifications Directory
Note: UL classification dielectric mediums (EOUV) states that “Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in
electrical transformers are covered under transformer fluids (EOVK).”
Appendix 2 - Outdoor installations per UL Listing requirements
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers

compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per UL Listing
Non-combustible building
(Type I or Type II)* and No
no combustibles in the area
Yes
Requirements per NEC 450.27
If installation presents fire hazard one
or more of the following
safeguards shall be applied:
UL Classified less-flammable liquid** No
• Space separation
• Fire barriers
• Automatic water spray
Yes • Enclosure
Installation incorporates UL
classification** marking No
requirements
or or
UL OPTION I
UL OPTION II
• Pressure relief device
• Pressure relief device
• Minimum 12 psig tank pressure
• Minimum 12 psig tank pressure rupture
rupture withstand
withstand
• Primary current-limiting fusing per
• Overcurrent protection
UL classification marking.**
per UL classification marking.**
Note: Devices that vent during operation such
as bay-o-net fuses may not be liquid-immersed.
COMPLIANCE
WITH
NEC 450.23
UL Listing requirements
UL Classified transformer fluids:*

Cargill Envirotemp FR3 fluid (natural ester), Option I or Option II
Dow Corning™ 561 (silicone), Option II only
* R efer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction
** Transformer Fluids (EOVK), Underwriters Laboratories Certifications Directory
Note: UL classification dielectric mediums (EOUV) states

that “Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling
mediums in electrical transformers are covered under
transformer fluids (EOVK).”
Appendix 3
UL Classified less-flammable liquids and Table A1 - UL Classified EOUV dielectric mediums‡

UL Listed & Classified transformers
EOUV dielectric medium Type
Important information to assure code compliance Cargill Incorporated Envirotemp FR3 Natural ester
Part A: Dielectric liquids Momentive Performance Materials SF97-50 Silicone
Sopus Products Diala™ HFX HMWH
Not all UL Classified dielectric liquids applied in transformers
meet NEC Section 450.23 requirements. DSI Ventures Beta™ HMWH
Simply specifying that a transformer be filled with a UL Dielectricos Vegatales SAS Natural ester
Classified dielectric liquid is not sufficient to assure the Dong Nam Petroleum Ind. Co Ltd Natural ester
transformer meets NEC Section 450.23 listing requirements.
Dow Silicone Co Ltd Silicone
Dow Silicone Corp Silicone
UL has two classification categories for dielectric
liquids: M&I Materials Ltd Synthetic ester
• EOUV: Dielectric mediums Prolec GE International SRL de CV Natural ester
Yi Chiu Chemical & Technical Co Ltd Insulating oil
• EOVK: Transformer fluids
Zeus Oil & Chemical Co. Ltd Paraffin oil
To assure compliance with NEC Section 450.23 listing
requirements of UL, the dielectric liquid must be classified as an Guang Dong Jooyn New Material Technology Co. LTD Natural ester
EOVK transformer fluid as detailed in Part A2 of this appendix. This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and
cooling mediums. Liquids intended for use as dielectric and
Part A1: UL classification EOUV dielectric mediums cooling mediums in electrical transformers are covered under
transformer fluids (EOVK).
This category is a fire hazard rating only. All classified dielectric
mediums have the same fire hazard ratings, “Classed 4 to 5
less hazardous paraffin oil in respect to fire hazard”. Included Part A2: UL classification EOVK transformer fluids
in the EOUV classification are requirements for minimum
ignition temperature, fire point, and closed cup flash point. This In addition to giving the requirements for minimum ignition
classification makes no reference to NEC 450.23, and does not temperature, fire point, and closed cup flash point, this category
classify the fluid as a “less-flammable liquid” in accordance with gives the UL use restrictions required for compliance with NEC
Section 450.23. 450.23 for the listed less flammable fluids.
Table A2 gives the fluids listed in the UL directory having EOVK
classification.
Table A2 - UL Classified EOVK transformer fluids‡
EOVK transformer fluids Type

Cargill Incorporated Envirotemp FR3 fluid Natural ester
Dow Silicone Corp Silicone
Dong Nam Petroleum Ind Co. Ltd Natural ester
This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and

cooling mediums in electrical transformers.
‡ This list includes all the insulating liquid manufacturers listed by UL and FM Global as of the date of this publication. Refer to UL and FM Global for the latest lists.
Appendix 3 (continued)
UL Classified less-flammable liquids and Table B1 - UL XPLH Listed transformers‡

XPLH transformer manufacturers
Important information to assure code compliance EATON Cooper Power series
Part B: UL Listed transformers ABB Inc, South Boston VA
ABB Inc, Jefferson City MO
Not all UL Listed and Classified transformers meet NEC Section
450.23 requirements. GE Co., Shreveport LA
Simply specifying that a transformer be UL Listed is not Howard Industries Inc, Laurel, MS
sufficient to assure the transformers meet NEC Section 450-23 Prolec GE, Monterrey MX
listing requirements.
Virginia Transformer Corp, Roanoke VA
To assure UL Listed transformers meet NEC Section 450-23
ERMCO, Dyersburg, TN
requirements, the transformer must use an EOVK transformer
fluid or EOUV dielectric medium and meet its use restrictions Maddox Industrial Transformer LLC, Mauldin, SC
(see Part A2). Niagara Transformer Corp., Buffalo, NY
Schneider Electric USA, Nashville, TN
Part B1: XPLH transformers, distribution, liquid-filled Siemens Energy INC, Richland, MS
type, over 600 volts
Solomon Corporation, Solomon, KS
UL transformer listing requirements, detailed in UL GuideInfo
XPLH, allow the use of mineral oil and other transformer Southwest Electric, Oklahoma City, OK
coolants regardless of classification status. These transformers Sunbelt Transformer INC, Temple, TX
are required to comply with various IEEE C57.12.00 standards
Vantran Industries INC, Waco, TX
listed in the XPLH GuideInfo sheet. This guide states that
transformers with the UL Listing mark are: “intended for HC Transformer and Switchgear, Torrance, CA
installations with the requirements of NFPA 70, National WEG Transformers USA, Washington, MO
Electrical Code”. Table B1 shows the manufacturers of UL Listed
liquid-insulated transformers. Note: This is a partial list of the XPLH listed transformers.
These transformers will display a single UL Listing mark, the
UL symbol, together with the word “LISTED,” a control number,
and the product name “Liquid-Filled Distribution Transformer” as
in Figure B1.
LISTED XPLH.E234598 Liquid-

Filled Distribution Xfmr
Figure B1 – Example transformer mark for a UL Listed

ANSI-compliant transformer.
‡ This list includes all the insulating liquid manufacturers listed by UL and FM Global as of the date of this publication. Refer to UL and FM Global for the latest lists.
UL Classified less-flammable liquids and

UL Listed & Classified transformers LISTED XPLH.E234598 Liquid-Filled
Distribution Xfmr
Important information to assure code compliance ALSO CLASSIFIED FOR USE AS LESS-
Part A: Dielectric coolants FLAMMABLE LIQUID-INSULATED
TRANSFORMER IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SEC. 450-23 OF THE NATIONAL
Part B2: UL Listed and Classified transformers for use as less-
ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC) AND
flammable liquid-insulated transformer in accordance with Sec. MARKED USE RESTRICTIONS ON THE
450.23 of the NEC ** TRANSFORMER
UL uses the same XPLH GuideInfo sheet noted above for
transformers intended to meet the requirements of NEC section
450.23. However, the sub-header “USE AND INSTALLATION” Figure B2. Example transformer mark for a UL Listed and
adds the following requirements: Classified transformer filled with an UL EOVK transformer
fluid and complying with its use requirements.
• Transformer must be provided with UL Classified “less-
flammable liquid, having a fire point of not less than 300°C” Eaton manufacturers UL Listed and Classified transformers
• Transformer must be marked to: for use as less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers in
accordance with NEC Section 450.23. UL does not currently
• identify the product name and flammability rating of publish which transformer manufacturers offer the dual
the liquid marking. Purchasers and users should confirm their UL Listed
• indicate whether the liquid may evolve flammable gases transformers also are UL Classified and the units have both
when decomposed by an electric arc (as applicable) respective UL logos for units that are intended for use in
complying with NEC Section 450.23.
• list all the use restrictions provided for in the UL
The transformer listing by UL should be referred to as a “UL
classification of the liquid.
Listed and classified transformer for use as less-flammable
A UL Listed and Classified transformer must display both a liquid-insulated transformer in accordance with Sec. 450.23 of
listing mark and a classification mark. See Fig. B2. The National Electric Code (NEC)”.
UL Classified less-flammable liquids and Related products

UL Listed & Classified transformers Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in
electrical transformers are covered under Transformer Fluids
Important information to assure code compliance (EOVK).
EOUV GuideInfo: Dielectric mediums use
Additional information
This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric For additional information, see Electrical Equipment for Use in
and cooling mediums. The liquids are not intended to replace Ordinary Locations (AALZ) and Flammable and Combustible
mineral oil unless equipment is also designed for the specific Liquids and Gases Equipment (AAPQ).
liquid.
These products have been certified as to their fire hazard only,
using Underwriters Laboratories’ method for classification of the Requirements
fire hazard of liquids. They have been rated on a numerical scale The basic standard used to investigate products in this category
of hazard ranging from 0 to 100 as indicated in the table below: is ANSI/UL 340 “Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids.”
General classification Numerical classification
Diethyl ether 100
UL mark
The certification mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. on the
Gasoline 90 to 100
product container is the only method provided by UL to identify
Between gasoline and ethyl alcohol 80 to 90 products manufactured under its classification and follow-up
Between ethyl alcohol and gasoline 70 to 80 service. The certification mark for these products includes
the UL symbol, the word “CERTIFIED” and “SAFETY”, the
Ethyl alcohol 60 to 70
geographical identifier(s) and the file number.
Between ethyl alcohol and kerosene 50 to 60
Additional certification markings
Between kerosene and ethyl alcohol 40 to 50
Products covered under this category are additionally marked
Kerosene 30 to 40 with the following information:
Between kerosene and paraffin oil 20 to 30 AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY
Paraffin oil 10 to 20 These products may also be marked with the following
Less hazardous than paraffin oil 0 to 10 statement:
Water or nonflammable 0 or nonflammable MAY EVOLVE FLAMMABLE GASES
WHEN DECOMPOSED BY AN ELECTRIC ARC
Note: Dielectric media/transformer fluids including mineral Alternate UL mark
oil, natural and synthetic esters, silicone oil and refined The classification mark of UL on the product container is the
petroleum oil exhibiting flammability temperature limits only method provided by UL to identify products manufactured
> 464°F (240°C) may be assigned a numerical fire hazard under its classification and follow-up service. The classification
rating of “4-5 Less hazardous than paraffin oil.” mark for these products includes the UL symbol, the word
“CLASSIFIED” above the UL symbol (as illustrated in
the introduction of this directory), and the following
additional information:
[PRODUCT IDENTITY]
CLASSED ____
AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY
Control No.

Important information to assure code compliance

EOUV GuideInfo: Dielectric mediums use
The classification mark may also include the following

statement as appropriate:
MAY EVOLVE FLAMMABLE GASES WHEN DECOMPOSED
BY AN ELECTRIC ARC
UL, in performing its function in accordance with its objectives,
does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility
of the manufacturer or any other party. UL shall not incur any
obligation or liability for any loss, expense or damages, including
incidental or consequential damages, arising out of or in
connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this
guide information.
Notice of disclaimer
The appearance of a company’s name or product in this
database does not in itself assure that products so identified
have been manufactured under UL’s follow-up service. Only
those products bearing the UL mark should be considered to be
certified and covered under UL’s follow-up service. Always look
for the mark on the product.
Related products
Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums are
UL Listed & Classified transformers covered under dielectric mediums (EOUV).
Important information to assure code compliance Use restrictions

EOVK GuideInfo: Transformer fluids (dielectric
mediums) use Products classified as “less-flammable liquid” may have use
restrictions on the product container. Certain fluids have fuse
use restrictions which require that the fuse must be either a
This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and type which does not vent under normal operation, or it must be
cooling mediums in electrical transformers. installed external to the transformer tank.
These products have been certified as to their fire hazard only,
using Underwriters Laboratories’ method for classification of the Additional information
fire hazard of liquids. They have been rated on a numerical scale For additional information, see Electrical Equipment for Use in
of hazard ranging from 0 to 100 as indicated in the table below: Ordinary Locations (AALZ) and Flammable and Combustible
General classification Numerical classification Liquids and Gases Equipment (AAPQ).
Diethyl ether 100
Requirements
Gasoline 90 to 100
The basic standard used to investigate products in this category
Between gasoline and ethyl alcohol 80 to 90 is ANSI/UL 340 “Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids.”
Between ethyl alcohol and gasoline 70 to 80 These products are also certified as a “less-flammable liquid” or
Ethyl alcohol 60 to 70 “nonflammable liquid” in accordance with Sections 450.23 or
450.24 of ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
Between ethyl alcohol and kerosene 50 to 60
Between kerosene and ethyl alcohol 40 to 50 UL mark
Kerosene 30 to 40 The certification mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. on the
Between kerosene and paraffin oil 20 to 30 product container is the only method provided by UL to identify
products manufactured under its certification and follow-up
Paraffin oil 10 to 20
service. The certification mark for these products includes
Less hazardous than paraffin oil 0 to 10 the UL symbol, the word “CERTIFIED” and “SAFETY”, the
Water or nonflammable 0 or nonflammable geographical identifier(s) and a file number.
Additional certification markings
Note: Dielectric media/transformer fluids including mineral Products covered under this category are additionally marked
oil, natural and synthetic esters, silicone oil and refined with the following information:
petroleum oil exhibiting flammability temperature limits AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY
> 464°F (240°C) may be assigned a numerical fire hazard
rating of “4-5 less hazardous than paraffin oil.” These products may also be marked with one or more of the
following statements:
BY AN ELECTRIC ARC
ALSO CERTIFIED AS A “LESS-FLAMMABLE LIQUID”
IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
WITH “USE RESTRICTIONS”
ALSO CERTIFIED AS A “NONFLAMMABLE LIQUID” IN
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
WITH “USE RESTRICTIONS”
Alternate UL mark
The classification mark of UL on the product container is the
only method provided by UL to identify products manufactured
under its classification and follow-up service. The classification
mark for these products includes the UL symbol, the word
“CLASSIFIED” above the UL symbol (as illustrated in the
introduction of this directory), and the following additional
information:
[PRODUCT IDENTITY]
CLASSED ____
AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY
Control No.

Important information to assure code compliance

EOVK GuideInfo: Transformer fluids (dielectric
mediums) use
The classification mark may also include the following

statement as appropriate:

BY AN ELECTRIC ARC
Also classified as a “less-flammable liquid”
In compliance with the national electrical code
With the following “use restrictions”
Also classified as a “nonflammable liquid”
In compliance with the national electrical code
With the following “use restrictions”
UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives,
does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility
of the manufacturer or any other party. UL shall not incur any
obligation or liability for any loss, expense or damages, including
incidental or consequential damages, arising out of or in
connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this
guide Information.
Notice of disclaimer
The appearance of a company’s name or product in this
database does not in itself assure that products so identified
have been manufactured under UL’s follow-up service. Only
those products bearing the UL mark should be considered to be
certified and covered under UL’s follow-up service. Always look
for the mark on the product.
Appendix 4 - Indoor installations per FM Listing requirements
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per FM Listing
Transformer
≤ 35 kV and liquid No
confinement area
available
Yes
Automatic fire
extinguishing No
system available
Non-combustible
building (Type I
or Type II)* and No
no combustibles
in the area
Yes
Yes In accordance with

Yes one or more of the
exceptions of NEC
450.26
FM Approved
less-flammable No
liquid**
No
Yes
Vault
requirements per
Installation NEC 450, Part III
incorporates
FM LPD sheet*** No
requirements
Yes
Yes
FM Approved
transformer** or
equivalent includes
a) Tank rupture strength COMPLIANCE NEC Code requirements
b) Tank pressure relief
c) Low current fault protection
Yes WITH FM Listing requirements
d) High current fault protection NEC 450.23
e) Approved less-flammable liquid
FM Approved transformers include: ‡

EATON Cooper Power series
FM Approved fluids include: ‡
ABB
Cargill Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester) Momentive Performance Mat SF97-50
Siemens
M&I Materials MIDEL™ 7131 (synthetic ester) Prolec GE Int’l VG-100
Eaton Cutler-Hammer
Shell Diala® HFX (fire resistant hydrocarbon)
GE Energy
Dow Chemical L-305, Y-7582 (silicone)
Square-D
DSI Alpha-1™, Beta™ (hydrocarbon)
Prolec GE Int’l
Dow Corning™ 561 (silicone)
Wilson Transformer
* R
efer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction ‡ This list includes all the insulating liquid
** FM Global Approval Guide manufacturers listed by UL and FM Global as of the

*** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 — Transformers date of this publication. Refer to UL and FM Global for
the latest lists.
Appendix 5 - Outdoor installations per FM Listing requirements
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per FM*** Listing
Non-combustible
building (Type I or Type II)* No
and no combustibles in the
area
Yes
FM Approved less-
No
flammable liquid**
Yes
Installation incorporates
FM LPD sheet*** requirements No
Yes
Requirements
Requirements per liquid listing per NEC 450.27 if
installation presents fire
hazard one or more of the
COMPLIANCE following safeguards shall be
Yes WITH Yes applied:
NEC 450.23 • Space separation
• Fire barriers
See Page 22 for FM • Automatic water spray
requirements detail • Enclosure

FM Listing requirements
FM Approved fluids include: ** FM Approved transformers include: **

Cargill Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester) EATON Cooper Power series Wilson transformer Co. PTY Ltd
M&I Materials MIDEL™ 7131 (synthetic ester) ABB Square-D Schneider
Dow Chemical L-305, Y-7582 (silicone) Siemens Qingdao Cahors Electrical Equipment
DSI Alpha-1™, Beta™ (hydrocarbon) Eaton WEG transformers
Dow Corning™ 561 (silicone) Prolec GE International
Momentive Performance Mat SF97-50
Prolec GE Int’l VG-100
A&A Frattelli Parodi SPA (Parsol 2S, Electra 7426 & Tras 24
* R
efer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building
Archer Daniel Midland (ADM NE-100) construction
DONGNAM Petroleum Ind. Co. Ltd. (Biotran 35) ** F M Global Approval Guide
*** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 — Transformers
Savita Polymers Limited (Biotransol HF)
TOTAL Lubrifiants (ISOVOLTINE BIO VE)
Note: NEC Section 110.3 (b) applies if the listing chosen for compliance specifically addresses outdoor application.
Appendix 5 - Outdoor installations per FM Listing requirements (continued)
Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers

compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per FM Listing
FM requirements detail for outdoor installations
Yes FM Approved
No
transformer*
Spill containment
NOT REQUIRED
Installation options for mineral Installation options for Where exposure
oil or non-approved fluid. mineral oil or non- protection is
Minimum separation distance approved fluid provided for
per Table 7 For two-hour fire alternatives C, D or
• 5-100 feet horizontal barriers per Table 8 E of 2.3.1.1.1 of
U.S. EPA Environmental (depending on fluid volume) • 5-25 feet horizontal the FM LPD***
Technology Verification** follow Table 9
• 25-100 feet vertical
status for ready information in this
(Both depending on
biodegradation document.
fluid volume)
Minimum separation
distance per Table 7
• 3 ft Yes Transformer
No
slopes towards
build?
For two-hour fire
barriers per Table 8
• 5-15 feet horizontal
• 25-50 feet vertical Spill containment Spill containment
(depending on fluid IS REQUIRED IS NOT REQUIRED
volume)
COMPLIANCE
WITH
NEC 450.23
* FM Global Approval Guide

** E nvironmental Technology Verification Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(Envirotemp FR3 fluid and BIOTEMP™ fluid have ETV status for ready biodegradation)
*** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 — Transformers
Notes
This page intentionally left blank
This page intentionally left blank
Eaton
1000 Eaton Boulevard
Cleveland, OH 44122
United States
Eaton.com
Eaton’s Power Systems Division

2300 Badger Drive
Waukesha, WI 53188
United States
Eaton.com/cooperpowerseries
© 2021 Eaton
All Rights Reserved Eaton is a registered trademark.
Printed in USA For Eaton‘s Cooper Power series product
Publication No. TD900001EN All other trademarks are property information call 1-877-277-4636 or visit:
October 2021 of their respective owners. www.eaton.com/cooperpowerseries.

2017 Nec Requirement Guidelines For Installation of Listed Less Flammable Liquid Filled Transformers

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

2017 Nec Requirement Guidelines For Installation of Listed Less Flammable Liquid Filled Transformers

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

2020 NEC Requirement

2020 NEC requirement guidelines for the installation

These guidelines represent Eaton’s understanding and

General requirements Note:

Indoor installation options NFPA 450.26 information

Example – Option (A)(1), indoor installation rated ≤ 35 kV

Outdoor installation options Oil enclosures shall be permitted to consist of fire-resistant

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible or limited combustible

Listing option – A Table 3. UL classification marking for Envirotemp FR3 fluid

The UL classification of less-flammable liquids per the NEC

 equired use of overcurrent protection in the transformer primary having I2t

Transformer Required protection Required prc

112.5 550,000 900,000 35

150 600,000 1,000,000 50

225 650,000 1,200,000 100

300 750,000 1,400,000 100

500 900,000 1,900,000 350

750 1,100,000 2,200,000 350

1,000 1,250,000 3,400,000 350

1,500 1,500,000 4,500,000 700

2,000 1,750,000 6,000,000 700

2,500 2,000,000 7,500,000 5,000

3,000 2,250,000 9,000,000 5,000

3,750 2,500,000 11,000,000 5,000

5,000 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000

7,500 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000

10,000 3,000,000 14,000,000 5,000

* UL EOVK - Transformer fluids

Fire protection for indoor transformers (FM Global requirement)

(See Table 4 for construction features)

Fig 1. Locations from transformer buildings and rooms*

Fluid volume in largest Fire protection for

Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers must comply with one

Listing option - A Listing option - B

Separation distance: Separation distance requirements

Exposed blank building wall

Plant view Elevation view

X = Minimum separation distance from inside edge of containment to wall

Fig 2. Minimum horizontal separation distance between outdoor liquid-insulated transformer

Minimum horizontal distance from containment to expose building wall

FM Approved liquid in non-approved < 10,000 (38) 5 (1.5) 5 (1.5) 25 (7.6)

Exposed blank building wall

Two-hour fire barrier with minimum

Plant view Elevation view

X, Y, Z = Minimum dimensions (See Table 8)

Separation and extent of two-hour fire barrier

Three-hour fire barrier with minimum

Plant view Elevation view

W = Horizontal distance of exposure from edge of containment, from Table 9

Fig 4. Determination of exposed roof area*

Table 10. Minimum separation distance between adjacent transformers ***

Outdoors on or adjacent to combustible buildings

Appendix 1 - Indoor installations per UL Listing requirements

Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers compliance to NEC Section 450.23 per UL Listing

UL Classified transformer fluid** No

UL Classified transformer fluids:**

Appendix 2 - Outdoor installations per UL Listing requirements

Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers

UL Classified transformer fluids:*

Note: UL classification dielectric mediums (EOUV) states

UL Classified less-flammable liquids and Table A1 - UL Classified EOUV dielectric mediums‡

EOVK transformer fluids Type

This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and

equired use of overcurrent protection in the transformer primary having I2t

FM Approved fluids include: FM Approved transformers include: