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ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ·Õàè ¡çºÊÒÃà¤ÁÕä´éá¡è sodium cyanide ÍÂèÒ§¹éÍ 700 µÑ¹ ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÍ¹Ñ µÃÒª¹Ô´Í×¹è ä´éá¡è potassium nitrate ËÃ×Í´Ô¹»ÃÐÊÔÇ,
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ä«ÂÒä¹´ì (cyanide) à»ç¹ÊÒ÷ÕÊè Ó¤Ñ- áÅÐãªéã¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁµèÒ§æ ¶Í´àÅ纻ÅÍÁ ÊÒà cyanogenic glycoside 㹾ת àªè¹ ã¹àÁÅç´
àªè¹ ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁàËÁ×ͧáÃè ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁàª×Íè ÁâÅËÐ ÊÒáӨѴáÁŧ áÍ»à»ÔÅ ÁѹÊÓ»ÐËÅѧ áÅÐàÁÅç´áÍ»»ÃԤ͵
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cyanide, potassium cyanide «Ö§è ÅÐÅÒ¹éÓ ¨Ðà»ÅÕÂè ¹à»ç¹ cyanide «Ö§è ÁÕÃÒ§ҹÇèҹѡà¤ÁÕ·Òè ¹¹Õàé ÊÕªÕÇµÔ ¨Ò¡¾ÔÉä«ÂÒä¹´ìã¹»Õ ¤.È.1786
ion áÅÐÊÒÁÒöÃÐàËÂà»ç¹ hydrogen cyanide «Ö§è äÁèÁÊÕ Õ ÁÕ¡ÅÔ¹è ¢Á áÅж١ãªéà»ç¹ÍÒÇظà¤ÁÕ¤Ãѧé ááã¹ÊÁÑÂʧ¤ÃÒÁ Napoleon III áÅÐ
ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺÍÍÃì᡹ԡ àªè¹ acetonitrile ã¹¹éÓÂÒÅéÒ§ ʧ¤ÃÒÁâÅ¡¤ÃÑ§é ·Õè 1 áÅÐ 2 µÒÁÅӴѺ
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Diagnostic Testing Specific Treatment
¡ÒõÃǨ electrolyte áÅÐ blood gas ¾º¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ã´ª¹Ô´ ÂÒµéÒ¹¾ÔɢͧÀÒÇоÔɨҡä«ÂÒä¹´ì·ËèÕ Òä´éã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¤×Í
wide gap metabolic acidosis, ÃÐ´Ñ º ÍÍ¡«Ô à ¨¹ã¹àÅ× Í ´´Ó 3% sodium nitrite ¢¹Ò´ 300 mg (10 mL) ©Õ´ªéÒæ 2-4 ¹Ò·Õ áÅÐãËé
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difference), venous oxygen saturation ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 90%, ¤ÇõԴµÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹âÅËÔµÍÂèÒ§ã¡Åéª´Ô à¾ÃÒÐÂÒÁÕÄ·¸Ô¢ì ÂÒÂËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´
ÃдѺ¡Ã´áÅ¡µÔ¡ÊÙ§, ¡ÒõÃǨÃдѺä«ÂÒä¹´ìáÅÐä¸âÍä«ÂÒ๵ ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹âÅËÔµµèÓä´é ¶éÒÂѧÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÃãËéÂÒ«éÓä´éã¹¢¹Ò´
ã¹àÅ×Í´¨Ðä´é¼ÅªéÒ áÅÐäÁèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¤ÃÖ§è ˹֧è ÀÒÂã¹ 30 ¹Ò·ÕµÍè ÁÒ ¤Çèеéͧ¤Çº¤ØÁÃдѺ methemo-
áµèÁ»Õ ÃÐ⪹ì㹡ÒÃÂ×¹Âѹ¡ÒÃä´éÃºÑ ÊÒà globin äÁèãËéÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹à¾ÃÒÐËÒ¡ methemoglobin à¡Ô¹ ¨ÐÁÕÍ¹Ñ µÃÒÂ
¶Ö§ªÕÇµÔ ä´é
ÀÒÇзյè Íé §Ê§ÊÑ cyanide poisoning àªè¹ ÍغµÑ àÔ ËµØÃÐàºÔ´¢Í§ ã¹ÂØâû ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªé hydroxocobalamin ÁÕÄ·¸Ô¨ì ºÑ ¡Ñº cyanide
âç§Ò¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ¼Ù»é Çè ÂËÁ´ÊµÔà©Õº¾ÅѹáÅÐÁÕÀÒÇÐ metabolic ä´éà»ç¹ cyanocobalamin ¡Ó¨Ñ´ÍÍ¡·Ò§äµ â´Â FDA approve
acidosis ¼Ù»é Çè  suicide attempt ·ÕËè ÒÊÒà赯 coma ËÃ×Í metabolic ÂÒ¹Õãé ¹»Õ ¤.È.2006 áµè处 äÁèÁãÕ ªéã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â
acidosis Í×è¹æäÁèä´é ¼Ùé»èÇ·Õè¡Ô¹¹éÓÂÒÅéÒ§¶Í´àÅ纻ÅÍÁ ËÃ×;ת
ºÒ§ª¹Ô´ àªè¹ ÁѹÊÓ»ÐËÅѧ àÁÅç´áÍ»à»ÔÅ áÅÐ˹èÍäÁé ¼Ù»é Çè ·Õè coma àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕºàÃÕ§
áÅÐÁÕÀÒÇÐ metabolic acidosis 1. Holstege CP, Kirk MA, Cyanide and hydrogen sulfide.
In: Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS,
First Responders Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, editors. Goldfrank’s
¼Ùªé Çè ªÕÇµÔ ã¹·Õàè ¡Ô´à˵صÍé §ÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧÍÂèÒ§ÊÙ§ ÊÇÁà¤Ã×Íè §»éͧ¡Ñ¹ toxicologic emergencies, 10th ed. New York:McGraw-Hill;
2015. p. 1602-06.
(personal protective equipment) ·ÕèÁÕà¤Ã×èͧ¨èÒÂÍÍ¡«Ôਹ¢Í§
2. Cyanide. [Toxicology Information on CD-ROM].
µÑǪشàͧ (ªØ´ÃдѺ A ËÃ×Í B) à¾×Íè »éͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃä´éÃºÑ ÊÒÃä«ÂÒä¹´ì
POISINDEX® system. MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series
¡ÒêèǼÙé»èÇÂã¹·Õèà¡Ô´à赯 Íѹ´Ñºááµéͧ¹Ó¼Ùé»èÇÂÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ Vol 166, 2015.
critical area â´ÂàÃçÇ ¶Í´àÊ×Íé ¼éÒ ãªéá»Ã§¢Ñ´¼ÔÇ˹ѧ ÅéÒ§¼ÔÇ˹ѧ 3. ¼Ùé¨Ñ´¡Òà online. à˵ØÃÐàºÔ´·ÕèàÁ×ͧ·èÒà·Õ¹¨Ô¹ ´Ñè§ “ʧ¤ÃÒÁ
´é Ç Â¹é Ó ÊÐÍÒ´»ÃÔ Á Ò³ÁÒ¡ ÃÐÁÑ ´ ÃÐÇÑ § ËÒ¡¼Ù é » è Ç Â·Õ è Á Õ º Ò´á¼Å ÍÒÇظà¤ÁÕ·ÕèäÃé¤Ó»ÃСÒÈÈÖ¡”. [cited 2015 November 10].
à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡ÊÒÃä«ÂÒä¹´ìÍÒ¨à¢éÒÊÙÃè Òè §¡Ò·ҧºÒ´á¼Åä´é Available from:URL:http://www.manager.co.th/China/
ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9580000092744
Supportive Treatment 4. BBC News. China explosions: What we know about
àÁ×Íè ¹Ó¼Ù»é Çè ÂÁÒ¶Ö§âç¾ÂÒºÒŤÇà control airway, ventilator, what happened in Tianjin. [cited 2015 November 10].
ãËéÍÍ¡«Ôਹ 100%, ãËéÊÒùéÓà»ç¹ crystalloids ËÃ×Í vasopressors Available from:URL:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-
asia-china-33844084
ã¹¼Ù»é Çè ·ÕÁè ÀÕ ÒÇÐ hypotension, ãËé NaHCO3 µÒÁÀÒÇÐ blood gas
5. ÊØÇÃÃ³Ò àÃ×ͧ¡Ò-¨¹àÈÃÉ°ì, ÇԹѠǹҹءÙÅ. ÀÒÇоÔÉà©Õº
analysis áÅÐ serum HCO3 ã¹ÃÒ·Õäè ´éÃºÑ cyanogenic glycoside
¾Åѹ¨Ò¡ä«ÂÒä¹´ì. ã¹: ¨ÒÃØÇÃó ÈÃÕÍÒÀÒ ºÃóҸԡÒÃ. ÂÒµéÒ¹¾ÔÉ
¨Ò¡¾×ª ¾Ô¨ÒóÒãËé activated charcoal dose 1g/kg 1. ¡Ãا෾Ï:º.ÈÃÕàÁ×ͧ¡ÒþÔÁ¾ì ¨Ó¡Ñ´; 2554. ˹éÒ 33-7.
MTD
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¤Ø³ÊÁºÑµÔ Toluene Diisocyanate3,4 - ÊÒùÕéà¼ÒäËÁéàÁ×èÍÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ÊÙ§ ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃعáç¡Ñº¹éÓ
à»ç¹Çѵ¶ØÍ¹Ñ µÃÒ»ÃÐàÀ· 6.1 ¤×ÍÍÒ¨¡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÍѹµÃÒµèͪÕÇµÔ ·ÕÍè ³
Ø ËÀÙÁÊÔ §Ù ¡ÇèÒ 50 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ
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ÊÙµÃà¤ÁÕ: C9H6N2O2 ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ËÃ×Íä¿
ÁÇŵèÍ˹֧è âÁÅ: 174.2 g/mol - ÊÒôѺà¾ÅÔ§: ¹éÓ©Õ´à»ç¹½Í ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ì â¿Á
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¤ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹è¹: 1.214 g/cm3 ¢Í§àËÅÇ - ãªé¹éÓ©Õ´ËÅèÍàÂç¹à¾×èÍËÅèÍàÂç¹ÀÒª¹ÐºÃèطÕèÊÑÁ¼ÑÊà¾ÅÔ§äËÁé
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- ÊÒ÷Õàè ¢éҡѹäÁèä´é: ¹éÓ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò·ÕÍè ³
Ø ËÀÙÁËÔ Íé §à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃé͹
Ø ËÀÙÁÊÔ §Ù ¡ÇèÒ 50 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ ÒÃعáç ÍÕ¡·Ñ§é ÊÒÃàÍÁÕ¹ ¤èÒÁҵðҹáÅФÇÒÁà»ç¹¾ÔÉ (Standard and Toxicity) ´Ñ§ÃÙ»·Õè 2
·ÕÍè ³
áÍÅ¡ÍÎÍÅì ¡Ã´ áÅÐàºÊ ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃعáç à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ ¤èÒÁҵðҹã¹Ê¶Ò¹·Õ·è Ó§Ò¹
áÅÐÊÒûÃСͺâÅËÐ ACGIH TLV (2012) - a mixture TDI TWA = 0.005
- à¡Ô´¡ÒþÍÅÔàÁÍÃìäëì àÁ×Íè ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹áÅФÇÒÁ´Ñ¹: àÍäÁ´ì ppm, STEL = 0.02 ppm [sensitizer]
¿Õ¹ÍÅ àÁÍÃì᤻෹ ÂÙÃàÕ ·¹ ÂÙàÃÕ áÅÐÊÒëѡ¿Í¡ ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ ÒÃعáç NIOSH REL - TDI IDLH = 2.5 ppm
- ÊÀÒÇзդè ÇÃËÅÕ¡àÅÕÂè §: ¤ÇÒÁª×¹é ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ áÅÐáʧÍÒ·ÔµÂì OSHA PEL - TDI C = 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3)
- ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÍ¹Ñ µÃÒ·Õàè ¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÅÒµÑÇ: 2,4 toluenediamine »ÃСÒÈ¡ÃзÃǧÁËÒ´ä·Â àÃ× è Í §¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ Â ã¹
- ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò¾ÍÅÔàÁÍÃì : à¡Ô´¡ÒþÍÅÔàÁÍÃìäÃ«ì ¡Ò÷ӧҹà¡ÕÂè ǡѺÀÒÇÐáÇ´ÅéÍÁ (ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ) ¾.È.2520: ¤ÇÒÁà¢éÁ¢é¹
àÁ×Íè ÊÑÁ¼ÑʡѺ¹éÓ·ÕÍè ³Ø ËÀÙÁÊÔ §Ù ËÃ×ÍÊÑÁ¼ÑÊÊÒÃÍ×¹è ·Õ·è Ó»¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò¡ÑºÊÒà 㹺ÃÃÂÒ¡ÒȢͧ¡Ò÷ӧҹ à©ÅÕèµÅÍ´ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·Ó§Ò¹»¡µÔ
TDI à¡Ô´¡ÒþÍÅÔàÁÍÃìäëì·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ 177 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ ÊÓËÃѺâ·ÅÙÍ¹Õ 2,4 ä´äÍâ«ä«ÂÒ๵ äÁèà¡Ô¹ 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3)
ËÃ×ÍÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ 45 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ àÁ×Íè »ÅèÍÂÊÒÃäÇéÃÐÂÐË¹Ö§è ¤èÒÁҵðҹã¹ÃèÒ§¡ÒÂ: ÂѧäÁèÁ¤Õ Òè Áҵðҹ¡Ó˹´äÇéª´Ñ à¨¹3,4
- ¡ÒáѴ¡Ãè͹âÅËÐ: à¡Ô´¡ÒáѴ¡Ãè͹·Í§á´§ Êѧ¡ÐÊÕ áÅÐ Occupational asthma: pulmonary function test
âÅËмÊÁÍÐÅÙÁ¹Ô ÁÑ ¤Ø³ÊÁºÑµ¡Ô Íè ÁÐàÃç§ IARC classification TDI = group 2B
(ÍÒ¨¨Ðà»ç¹ÊÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂì)
¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÍѤ¤ÕÀÂÑ áÅСÒÃÃÐàºÔ´ (Fire and Explosion) ACGIH carcinogenicity - mixture TDI = A4 (äÁèÊÒÁÒö
¨Ø´ÇÒºä¿ (oC): 127 ¨Ñ´¡ÅØÁè ÇèÒà»ç¹ÊÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂìä´é)
¨Ø´ÅØ¡µÔ´ä¿ä´éàͧ (oC): 227
page 9
¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ 3. Toluene diisocyanate. [Toxicology Information on CD-
¡Ãкǹ¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¨ÐàËÁ×͹¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ¼Ù·é äèÕ ´éÃºÑ ÊÒþÔÉROM]. POISINDEX® system. MICROMEDEX® Healthcare
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·ÑÇè ä» ¤×Í stabilization: A,B,C evaluation, supportive care, 4. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
decontamination, enhancement of elimination, antidotes, (NIOSH). Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and toluenediamine (TDA):
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ÂÒµéÒ¹¾ÔÉã´·ÕÁè »Õ ÃÐâª¹ì ¡ÒÃä´éÃºÑ ÊÒ÷ҧ¼ÔÇ˹ѧËÃ×ÍµÒ ãËéÅÒé §¹éÓ
ÊÐÍÒ´ËÃ×Í normal saline ÁÒ¡æ áÅéÇ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹«éÓÇèÒ¨Óà»ç¹µéͧ¾º 5. Chematur Engineering. TDI – Toluene diisocyanate. [cited
2015 August 29]. http://chematur.se/process-areas/polyurethane-
¨Ñ¡ÉØá¾·ÂìËÃ×ÍäÁè
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¡ÒÃä´éÃѺÊÒþÔÉ·Ò§¡ÒáԹÍÒ¨ÃФÒÂà¤×ͧ·Ò§à´Ô¹ÍÒËÒà 6. Chematur Engineering. Polyurethane chemicals. [cited
ËÃ×Í·ÓãËéÁÕàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡·Ò§à´Ô¹ÍÒËÒÃä´é ãËéÃÑ¡ÉÒµÒÁÍÒ¡Òà 2015 August 29]. http://chematur.se/process-areas/polyurethane-
ÍÒ¨¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò·Ó gastroduodenoscope ã¹ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§ááà¾×èÍ chemicals/
»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁÃعáç¢Í§¡ÒúҴà¨çº¢Í§·Ò§à´Ô¹ÍÒËÒà à½éÒÃÐÇѧ 7. Brzenicki S, Bonczarowska M. Occupational exposure to
¡ÒÃÊÓÅÑ¡·Õ¨è йÓä»ÊÙÀè ÒÇлʹÍÑ¡àʺËÃ×ÍËÅÍ´ÅÁà¡Ãç§ selected isocyanates in Polish industry. Med Pr 2015;66(3):291-
301.
¡ÒÃä´éÃºÑ ·Ò§¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨ãËéà½éÒÃÐÇѧ bronchospasm ãÊè·Íè ªèÇ 8. Swierczynska-Machura D, Brzeznicki S, Nowakowska-Zwirta
ËÒÂã¨ËÒ¡ÍÒ¡ÒÃÃعáç áÅÐãËé bronchodilator, steroids , oxygen E, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Wittczak T, Dudek W, et al. Occupational
¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒÁÕ¡ÒÃãËé 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 㹡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers.
asthma ã¹ÊѵÇì·´Åͧ áµèäÁèÁ¼Õ Å¡Ò÷´Åͧã¹Á¹ØÉÂì 9 In J Occup Med Environ Health 2015;28(6):985-98.
9. Li W, Dong H, Zhao H, Song J, Tang H, Yao L, et al. 1,25-
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àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕºàÃÕ§ airway epithelial barrier disruption. Int J Mol Med 2015;
1. Plastics Intelligence Unit. ÊÃØ»ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ 36(1):263-70.
¾ÅÒʵԡ »Õ 2557. [cited 2015 August 29]. http://plastic.oie.go.th/ 10. Sanook News. ¨Õ¹¤ÅѧÊÒÃà¤ÁÕÃÐàºÔ´Ãعáç·Õàè ·Õ¹¨Ô¹. cited 2015
2. ÊÁÒ¤ÁÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ¾ÅÒʵԡä·Â. ¢èÒÇǧ¡ÒþÅÒʵԡ. [cited 2015 August 29]. http://news.sanook.com/1846554/
August 29]. http://www.tpia.org/
(µèͨҡ˹éÒ 12)
â´ÂµéͧãËéÃÇè Á¡ÑºÂҡѹªÑ¡à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡äÁèÁÄÕ ·¸ÔËì ÂØ´¤Å×¹è ªÑ¡ã¹ÊÁͧ
ËÒ¡¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒµèÒ§æ´Ñ§·Õè¡ÅèÒÇÁÒ¢éÒ§µé¹äÁèä´é¼Å ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¾ºÇèÒ¡ÒÃãËé lipid emulsion ·Ò§ËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´´ÓÍÒ¨ÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹ìä´é
â´Â¢¹Ò´·Õãè Ëé¤Í× 20% lipid emulsion 100 mL ·Ò§ËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´´Ó à»ç¹àÇÅÒ 1 ¹Ò·Õ µèÍ´éÇ 400 mL ãËé·Ò§ËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´´Óà»ç¹àÇÅÒ 20 ¹Ò·Õ
ã¹¼Ùé»èÇÂäÁèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔà»ç¹àÇÅÒ 6-8 ªÑèÇâÁ§ËÅѧ¡Ô¹ÂÒ ÊÒÁÒöãËé¼Ùé»èÇ¡ÅѺºéÒ¹ä´é áµèã¹ÃÒ·ÕèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔã´æ¡çµÒÁ
ãËé¾¨Ô ÒóÒÃѺ¼Ù»é Çè ÂäÇéã¹âç¾ÂÒºÒÅ â´ÂÊѧࡵÍÒ¡ÒÃÍÂèÒ§¹éÍ 24 ªÑÇè âÁ§ ¶Ö§¾Ô¨ÒóҨÓ˹èÒ¼ٻé Çè ¡ÅѺºéÒ¹ä´é
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1. Mills KC. Cyclic antidepressants. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Meckler GD, editors. Tintinalli’s
Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill;2011.chapter 171.
2. Liebelt EL. Cyclic antidepressants. In: Nelson LS, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE,
editors. Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies, 9th ed. New York:McGraw-Hill; 2011. p. 1049-59.
3. Liebelt EL, Francis PD, Woolf AD. ECG lead aVR versus QRS interval in predicting seizures and arrhythmias in acute tricyclic
antidepressant toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26(2): 195-201.
ÂÒµéÒ¹«ÖÁàÈÃéÒ¡ÅØÁè tricyclic (tricyclic antidepressants; TCAs) sodium áÅÐ potassium channels ä´éÍ¡Õ ´éÇÂ
à»ç¹ÂÒÃÑ¡ÉÒÀÒÇÐâä«ÖÁàÈÃéÒ¡ÅØÁè áá·ÕÁè ¡Õ ÒüÅÔµãªé¢¹éÖ àÃÔÁè ãªé¤Ãѧé áá
㹪èǧ»Õ ¤.È.1950 µèÍÁÒ㹪èǧ»Õ ¤.È.1960 ¾ºÇèÒã¹¼Ù»é Çè ºҧ¡ÅØÁè àÀÊѪ¨Å¹ÈÒʵÃì
à¡Ô´¼Å¢éÒ§à¤Õ§·ÕÃè ¹Ø áç ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¾ÔɵèÍÃкºËÑÇã¨áÅÐËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´ ÂÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs ÊÒÁÒöÅÐÅÒÂã¹ä¢Áѹä´é´Õ â´ÂµÑÇÂÒÁÕÄ·¸Ôàì »ç¹
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TCAs ÂѧÁÕº·ºÒ·ã¹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒºÒ§âäÍÂÙè àªè¹ âä«ÖÁàÈÃéÒ ÀÒÇÐ ÃдѺÂÒã¹àÅ×Í´¨ÐÊÙ§Êش㹪èǧ 2 ¶Ö§ 6 ªÑÇè âÁ§ â´ÂµÑÇÂÒÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒµÃ
»Ç´ÈÕÃÉÐäÁà¡Ã¹ âäÊÁÒ¸ÔʹéÑ ÍÒ¡ÒûÑÊÊÒÇÐÃÒ´ ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¡ÒûǴ ¡ÒáÃШÒ (volume of distribution; Vd) ÍÂÙ·è èÕ 10-50 L/kg áÅÐ
¨Ò¡àÊé¹»ÃÐÊÒ· ã¹ÀÒÇÐâä«ÖÁàÈÃéÒ ¾ºÇèÒÂÒ㹡ÅØÁè ¢Í§ TCAs ¹Ñ¹é à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡ÂÒÊèǹãË-è¡ÃШÒÂÍÂÙãè ¹à¹×Íé àÂ×Íè ·ÓãËé¡Òÿ͡äµÁÑ¡äÁèä´é¼Å
à»ç¹ÊÒà˵ءÒÃàÊÕªÕÇÔµ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä´éÃѺÂÒà¡Ô¹¢¹Ò´ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ â´ÂÂÒ ã¹¡Òâ¨Ñ´ÂÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ÃèÒ§¡Ò â´ÂµÑÇÂÒ TCAs Êèǹ
ÊÒÁÒö¡èÍãËéà¡Ô´¼Å¢éÒ§à¤Õ§à¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ä´é áÁéÃдѺÂÒÍÂÙãè ¹à¡³±ì»¡µÔ ãË-èÁÃÕ ÐÂФÃÖ§è ªÕÇµÔ (half-life) ÍÂÙ·è »èÕ ÃÐÁÒ³ 24 ªÑÇè âÁ§ (6-36 ªÑÇè âÁ§)
¡çµÒÁ â´ÂÊÒÁÒöà¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ä´é¨Ò¡¡Å䡵èÒ§æ µèÍ仹Õé áÅÐÍÒ¨¹Ò¹ä´é¶§Ö 72 ªÑÇè âÁ§ã¹¼Ù·é äèÕ ´éÃºÑ ÂÒà¡Ô¹¢¹Ò´ áÅйҹ¢Ö¹é ã¹
1. ¡ÒÃä´éÃºÑ ÂÒ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÁÒ¡ã¹¼Ù»é Çè ·Õäè Áèà¤ÂãªéÂÒª¹Ô´¹ÕÁé Ò¡è͹ ¼ÙÊé §Ù ÍÒÂØËÃ×ͼٷé ÃèÕ ºÑ ÂÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs ÃèÇÁ¡ÑºÂÒ·Õ¼è Òè ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§·Õè
2. à¡Ô´ÍѹµÃ¡ÔÃÂÔ Ò¡ÑºÂÒ·ÕÍè Í¡Ä·¸Ô¤ì ÅéÒ¤ÅÖ§¡Ñ¹ µÑºâ´Âãªéà͹ä«Á쪹Դà´ÕÂǡѹ
3. ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÂÒ·Õµè ºÑ à¡Ô´ªéÒ à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÍѹµÃ¡ÔÃÂÔ Ò ÂÒµéÒ¹«ÖÁàÈÃéÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs ¢¹Ò´ÂÒ㹡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ µÑ§é áµè 1-5 mg/
¡ÑºÂÒ·ÕÂè ºÑ Âѧé à͹ä«Áì·¡èÕ Íè ãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÂÒ (cytochrome P- kg/day â´Âã¹¼Ùé»èÇ·ÕèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÃÃعáç¨Ò¡ÂÒ㹡ÅØèÁ¹Õé¹Ñé¹ÁÑ¡
450) ·ÓãËéÃдѺÂÒã¹àÅ×Í´ÊÙ§¢Ö¹é ÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì¡ºÑ ¡ÒáԹÂÒ·ÕÁè Ò¡¡ÇèÒ 10 mg/kg ¢Ö¹é ä»
4. ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªéÂÒµÑÇÍ×¹è ÃèÇÁ´éÇ «Ö§è Âҹѹé ÁÕÂÒ TCAs à»ç¹Êèǹ»ÃСͺ
àªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ ÍÒ¡ÒÃáÅÐÍÒ¡ÒÃáÊ´§
5. ¼Ù»é Çè ÂÁÕâä»ÃШӵÑÇà´ÔÁ·Ò§ÃкºËÑÇã¨áÅÐËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´ ËÃ×Í ¾ºä´éµ§éÑ áµèÍÒ¡ÒÃàÅ硹éͨҡ¡ÒÃÂѺÂѧé muscarinic receptors
Ãкº»ÃÐÊÒ· àªè¹ »Ò¡áËé§ ¢é;ѺáËé§ ¨¹¶Ö§ÍÒ¡ÒÃÃعáç ÍÒ¡ÒÃ·Õ¾è ºä´éºÍè ·ÕÊè ´Ø
6. ¡ÒÃä´éÃѺÂÒ TCAs ÃèÇÁ¡ÑºÂÒ·Õè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃËÅÑè§ÊÒÃÊ×èÍ ¤×ÍÀÒÇЫÖÁ ËÑÇã¨àµé¹àÃçÇ ÂÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs ÊÒÁÒöÂѺÂÑ§é ¡Ò÷ӧҹ
»ÃÐÊÒ· serotonin ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐ serotonin syndrome ¢Í§ sodium channels áÅзÓãËé phase 0 depolarizaiton à¡Ô´ªéÒ
â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ÂÒ»ÃСͺ´éÇ aromatic rings 3 ǧ µè͡ѺÊÒ ŧ¨Ö§Ê觼ÅãËé QRS complex ¡ÇéÒ§ÁÒ¡¢Ö¹é ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ PR áÅÐ QTc
aminopropyl ·Ò§´éÒ¹¢éÒ§ â´ÂÊÒÁÒöáºè§ÍÍ¡ä´éà»ç¹ tertiary interval ÂÒǼԴ»¡µÔä´éÍ¡Õ ´éÇÂ
amines (amitriptyline, imipramine), secondary amines ÍÒ¡ÒÃà»ç¹¾ÔÉÁÑ¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃعáç㹪èǧ 6-8 ªÑÇè âÁ§áá àªè¹ «ÖÁ
(nortriptyline, desipramine) áÅÐ atypical TCAs (amoxapine, â¤ÁèÒ ¡´¡ÒÃËÒÂ㨠¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹âÅËÔµµèÓËÃ×ͪѡä´é â´ÂÍÒ¡ÒêѡÁÑ¡à»ç¹
maprotiline) ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒÊѹé æ ¡àÇé¹ÂÒ㹡ÅØÁè atypical TCAs (amoxapine áÅÐ
¡ÒÃÍÍ¡Ä·¸Ôì¢Í§ TCAs â´Â¡ÒÃÂѺÂÑ駡Òôٴ¡ÅѺ¢Í§ÊÒà maprotiline) ÊÒÁÒö·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ status epilepticus ä´é
Ê×èÍ»ÃÐÊÒ· norepinephrine, serotonin ·ÕèºÃÔàdz synapse ¹Í¡¨Ò¡ÂÒ㹡ÅØÁè TCAs áÅéÇÂѧÁÕÂÒÍÂèÒ§Í×¹è ·ÕÊè ÒÁÒö·ÓãËé QRS
áÅй͡¨Ò¡¹Ñ¹é áÅéÇ TCAs ÂѧÊÒÁÒöÂѺÂѧé histamine receptors, complex ¡ÇéÒ§¼Ô´»¡µÔä´éàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ ä´éá¡è propranolol, class Ic
muscarinic receptors, α-adrenergic receptors, voltage-gated antiarrhythmias, cocaine ËÃ×Í lithium à»ç¹µé¹
page 11
ÃÙ»·Õè 1 µÑÇÍÂèÒ§¤Å×¹è ä¿¿éÒËÑÇ㨢ͧ¼Ù·é äèÕ ´éÃºÑ ÂÒ¡ÅØÁè TCAs à¡Ô¹¢¹Ò´
¡ÒÃÇÔ¹¨Ô ©Ñ ¡Ô¹ÂÒÁÒÀÒÂã¹ 1 ªÑÇè âÁ§ ÃèÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃãËé activated charcoal ¢¹Ò´ 1
â´ÂãªéÍÒ¡ÒÃáÅÐÍÒ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¢Í§¼Ù»é Çè Âà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡ áÅй͡¨Ò¡¹Ñ¹é g/kg ä´é à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡ activated charcoal ¨Ñº¡ÑºµÑÇÂÒ㹡ÅØÁè TCAs
áÅéÇ¡ÒõÃǨ¤Å×¹è ä¿¿éÒËÑÇ㨠áÅСÒõÃǨÃдѺÂÒ¨Ò¡Ëéͧ»¯ÔºµÑ ¡Ô Òà ä´é´Õ ËÒ¡¼Ùé»èÇ«ÖÁäÁèÃÙéÊÖ¡µÑÇ ËÃ×ÍÁÕÍÒ¡Òêѡ ãËé¾Ô¨ÒóÒãÊè·èÍ
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¤Å×è¹ä¿¿éÒËÑÇ㨷Õ辺ä´éºèÍÂã¹¼Ùé»èÇ¡ÅØèÁ¹Õé ä´éá¡è sinus ¡ÒÃãËé sodium bicarbonate ·Ò§ËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´´Ó ÁÕ¢Íé ºè§ªÕ¤é Í×
tachycardia, right axis deviation áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒáÇéÒ§ÁÒ¡¢Ö¹é ¢Í§ PR, 1. ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñ¹âÅËÔµµèÓ¼Ô´»¡µÔáÁéä´éÃºÑ ÊÒùéÓà¾Õ§¾ÍáÅéÇ
QRS, QT intervals Êèǹ·Õ¾è ºÃͧŧÁÒ ä´éá¡è right bundle branch 2. ËÑÇã¨àµé¹¼Ô´»¡µÔ ventricular dysrhythmias
block, high-degree AV block ËÃ×Í Brugada pattern «Ö§è 3. ¡ÒùӡÃÐáÊä¿¿éÒã¹ËÑÇ㨼Դ»¡µÔ ä´éá¡è
Brugada pattern ¹Ñ¹é ¾ºä´é»ÃÐÁÒ³ÃéÍÂÅÐ 15 ¢Í§¼Ù»é Çè Âà·èҹѹé a. QRS complex ¡ÇéÒ§ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 100 milliseconds
áµèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà¾ÒÐÊÙ§µèÍ¡ÒÃä´éÃѺÂÒ¡ÅØèÁ TCAs à¡Ô¹¢¹Ò´ â´Â b. Right axis deviation ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 120 ͧÈÒ
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(ÁÕµÍè ˹éÒ 10)
page 12 P&D Information Bulletin / Vol. 23, No. 2, 2015