LIBRARY OF THE PEDIATRIC UNIVERSITY

N.S. ABDUKAEVA
N.S. KOSENKOVA, Т.I. GRACHEVA
N.V. VASILEVA, Z.I. STARUNOVA

REVIEW QUESTIONS
ON CELL BIOLOGY
AND GENETICS FOR STUDENTS

Saint-Petersburg
Ministry
health N.S. ABDUKAEVA
Russian Federation
N.S. KOSENKOVA
Т.I. GRACHEVA
N.V. VASILEVA,
Z.I. STARUNOVA

Saint-Petersburg
REVIEW
State
Pediatric
QUESTIONS
Medical
University ON CELL BIOLOGY
AND GENETICS
FOR STUDENTS

Manual Saint-Petersburg
for independent work 2019

1
УДК 576.3+575
ББК 28.05
28.04
З-15

З-15 Review questions on cell biology and genetics for students. Manual for in-
dependent work. / N.S. Abdukaeva, N.S. Kosenkova, Т.I. Gracheva,
N.V. Vasileva, Z.I. Starunova. – SPb.: SPbGPMU, 2019 – 32 р.
ISBN 978-5-907065-95-6
Пособие для самостоятельной работы иностранных студентов «Review ques-
tions on cell biology and genetics for students» («Задания по биологии клетки и
генетике для самостоятельной работы студентов») разработано коллективом
авторов – преподавателями кафедры медицинской биологии ФГБОУ ВО
СПбГПМУ: зав. кафедрой Н.С.Абдукаевой, доц. Н.С.Косенковой, ст. преп.
Т.И.Грачевой, ст. преп. Н.В.Васильевой, ст. преп. Старуновой З.И.
В пособие включены учебно-методические материалы по дисциплинам
«Биология» и «Биология клетки» для аудиторной и внеаудиторной самостоя-
тельной работы иностранных студентов, обучающихся по специальности «Ле-
чебное дело» на языке посреднике (английском). Пособие содержит задания в
схемах, таблицах и рисунках, а также задачи по генетике.
This book includes inquiry questions, pictures, diagrams, electron micrographs
and genetic problems for student’s individual work.
Authors: head of the department of medical biology, associate professor, PhD
N.S.Abdukaeva, associate professor, PhD N.S.Kosenkova, senior lecturer
T.I.Grachova, senior lecturer N.V.Vasilyeva.
Reviewers:
Kazakova E.A. – PhD, associate professor of Biology department of S. M. Kirov
Military Medical Academy;
Mogileva I.I. – PhD, associate professor, head of Foreign languages department
of St.Peterburg State Pediatric Medical University.

УДК 576.3+575
ББК 28.05
28.04

Утверждено учебно-методическим советом Государственного бюджетного

образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования
«Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский
университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

ISBN 978-5-907065-95-6 © СПбГПМУ, 2019

© N.S. Abdukaeva, N.S. Kosenkova, Т.I. Gracheva,
N.V. Vasileva, Z.I. Starunova, 2019

2
 Review questions on cytology

1.

Look at the picture of the prokaryotic cell structure.

Which cell belongs to the heterotrophic bacteria, and which belongs to the
cyanobacterium?
What is indicated by the numbers 1–8?

2.

Look at the picture and identify the type of cell. What structures are indicated by the
numbers 1–8?

3
3.

Look at the picture and identify the type of cell. What structures are indicated by the
numbers 1–8?

4.

Find the difference in cell wall organization of gram-negative and gram-positive bac-
teria. What is indicated by the numbers 1 -3?

4
5.
Fill up the table.
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
Organisms

Cell size

Genetic material

Cell surface
(plasma membrane, etc)

Cytoplasm
Non-membrane structures
а) Cytoskeleton
b) Ribosomes

Double membrane organelles

а) Mitochondria
b) Plastids

Single membrane organelles

а) Endoplasmic reticulum
б) Golgi apparatus
в) Lysosome
г) Peroxisomes
д) Vacuole

Type of cell division

Cell motility

Metabolic features

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6.

Look at the picture and identify the type of cell. What structures are indicated by the
numbers 1–11?

7.

Look at the picture and identify the type of organell. What structures are indicated by
the numbers 1–8.
6
8.

Look at the electron micrograph of the plant cell. What structures are indicated by the
numbers 1–5?

9.

Identify the type of cell junction at the picture. What structures are indicated by the
numbers 1–4?

10.

Name the cell structure at the picture.

What structures are indicated by the numbers 1–8?
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11.

Name the main functions (a-f) of the membrane proteins.

12.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–6?
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13.

Describe the types of transport (a-c) at the picture.

14.

Describe the water balance (a-c) of the living cells. Name the solutions a-c.

9
15.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–8?

16.

Look at the picture and describe the process. What stages are indicated by the num-
bers 1–3?
10
17.

Identify the molecule at the diagram. Describe the properties and functions of this
molecules.

18.

Look at the picture and describe the process. Identify the structures indicated by the
numbers 1–5?

19.

Name the membrane components numbered 1–4.

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20.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–8?

21.

Look at the picture and identify the structure at figure (A) and electron micrograph
(B). Name the membrane components numbered 1–2?

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22

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–3?

23.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–7?

13
24.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–8.

25.

Look at the picture and identify the structure at the picture. Describe the mechanism
of its function. Name the tissues that have this structure.

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26.

Name the elements of the cytoskeleton (A, B and C). Describe their structure and
functions.

27.
Fill up the table “Structure and Function of the Cytoskeleton”

Intermediate
Property Microtubules Microfilaments
Filaments
Structure
Diameter
Protein subunits
Main functions
(not less than 3)

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28.

Look at the picture and describe the tissue.

29.

Look at the electron micrograph and identify

the structures indicated by the numbers 1–4.

16
30.

Look at the electron micrograph and identify the structure. Describe it.

31.
1 2

Look at the electron micrograph and identify the structures indicated by the numbers
1–2. Describe them.
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32.

Look at the picture and identify the structures. Name their functions and describe the
process.

33.

Look at the picture and identify the structures. Name their functions and describe the
process.

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34.

Look at the electron micrograph and identify the structures indicated by the numbers
1–6. Describe them.
19
35.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the numbers 1–8.

36.

Look at the picture and identify the structures. De-

scribe the process.

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37.

Look at the picture and identify the structures. Describe the process.

38.
Fill up the table.

Organelles Functions Membrane number

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi body
4. Vesicles
5. Mitochondrion
6. Chloroplast
7. Lysosome
8. Vacuole
9. Ribosomes
10. Centriole

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39.

Look at the electron micrograph and identify the stage of mitosis and the structure
that the chromosomes form at this stage.

40.

Look at the picture and establish the corre-

spondence between the stage of mitosis (pro-
phase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase)
and figures.

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41.

Describe the events that occur at

each stage of the cell cycle.

42.

Look at the picture and identify the structures indicated by the figures 1–12.

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43.

1. A wife is Rh-positive, with B blood group, her husband is Rh-positive, with A

blood group. Their daughter is Rh-positive with 0 blood group, their son is Rh-
negative with B blood group. Find out the probability of birth of a Rh-negative
child having blood of 0 group.
2. A woman is Rh-negative and has blood of A group, her husband is Rh-positive
and has blood of B group. Their son has Rh-negative blood of 0 group. Find
out the probability of his birth.

3. A woman with normal vision and 0 group of blood marries a man who also has
normal vision and AB blood group. They have a son who suffers of color
blindness and has B blood group. Color blindness is inherited as a recessive
trait linked with X-chromosome. Find out the probability of birth of a healthy
child and his possible blood groups.

4. In Drosophila body color and wing shape are determined by genes linked in
autosome. Distance between these genes is 17 centimorgans. Gray body and
normal wings are dominant traits, black body and vestigial wings ate recessive
traits. Diheterozygous female which inherited one dominant traits from its
mother and the other – from its father was crossed with a black male with ves-
tigial wings. Find out the percentage ratio in offsprings.

5. In the fly Drosophila, the allele for short wings is recessive to the normal long-
wing allele, and the allele for white eye is recessive to the normal red-eye al-
lele. Genes determinant for a length of wings and color of eyes are linked in
autosome, the distance between these genes is 20 centmorgans. A
diheterozygous red-eyed female having long wings inherited both dominant
genes from one parent. It was crossed with a male having white eyes and short
wings. In this cross what proportion of the offspring are expected to have
wings and red eyes?

6. Hemophilia is a recessive, linked with X-chromosome human blood disease

that leads to failure of blood to clot normally. Albinism (absence of pigments
in skin, hair, eyes) is a recessive autosomic trait. Normal husband and normal
wife have a son with hemophilia and albinism. What is the probability of his
birth?

7. Dogs may have different color of hair: yellow, black, brown and red. A brown
female was crossed with a red male. All offsprings of F1 generation had black
hair. In F2 generation there were 9 black puppies, 3 brown, 3 red and 1 white.
Find out genotypes of parents, offsprings of F1 generation and offsprings of F2
generation.

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8. An onion may be purple, yellow and white. A plant with yellow bulb was
crossed with a plant having white bulbs. All offsprings of F1 generation had
purple bulbs. In F2 generation there were 90 plants with purple bulbs, 40 plants
with white bulbs and 30 plants with yellow bulbs. Find out genotypes of par-
ents, offsprings of F1 generation and offsprings of F2 generation.

9. Corn seeds may be white and purple. Two plants with white seeds were
crossed. In F1 generation were obtained 130 plants with white seeds and 30
plans with purple seeds. Find out genotypes of parents and offsprings.

10.Phloxes may have normal and double flowers. Two plants with double flowers
were crossed. All offsprings of F1 generation had normal flowers. In F2 genera-
tion were obtained 99 plants with normal flowers and 77 plants with double
flowers. Find out genotypes of parents, offsprings of F1 generation and
offsprings of F2 generation.

11.Fruit color in pampkins may be white, yellow and green. A pant with white
fruits was crossed with a plant having green fruits. All offsprings of F1 genera-
tion had white fruits. In F2 generation there were 120 plants with white fruits,
30 plants with yellow fruits and 10 plants with green fruits. Find out genotypes
of parents, offsprings of F1 generation and offsprings of F2 generation.

25
44A
1. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell
theory?
a. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
b. Cells come from other cells by division.
c. Cells are the smallest living things.
d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells.

2. All cells have all of the following except

a. plasma membrane.
b. genetic material.
c. cytoplasm.
d. cell wall.

3. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. Which of

the following are found only in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Cell wall
b. Plasma membrane
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Ribosomes

4. The cytoskeleton includes

a. microtubules made of actin filaments.
b. microfilaments made of tubulin.
c. intermediate filaments made of twisted fibers of vimentin and
keratin.
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

5. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

a. involved in protein synthesis.
b. a site of protein glycosylation.
c. used to store a variety of ions.
d. the site of lipid and membrane synthesis.

26
44B
1. All eukaryotic cells possess each of the following except
a. mitochondria.
b. cell wall.
c. cytoskeleton.
d. nucleus.

2. Different motor proteins like kinesin and myosin are similar in that they can
a. interact with microtubules.
b. use energy from ATP to produce movement.
c. interact with actin.
d. do both a and b.

3. The protein sorting pathway involves the following organelles/compartments in

order:
a. SER, RER, transport vesicle, Golgi.
b. RER, lysosome, Golgi.
c. RER, transport vesicle, Golgi, final destination.
d. Golgi, transport vesicle, RER, final destination.

4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have many common features because both

a. are present in plant cells.
b. arose by endosymbiosis.
c. function to oxidize glucose.
d. function to produce glucose.

5 . Eukaryotic cells are composed of three types of cytoskeletal filaments. How are
these three filaments similar?
a. They contribute to the shape of the cell.
b. They are all made of the same type of protein.
c. They are all the same size and shape.
d. They are all equally dynamic and flexible.

27
44C
1. The cell theory states that
a. all living things are composed of cells.
b. cells are the smallest units of living organisms.
c. new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

2. When using microscopes, the resolution refers to

a. the ratio between the size of the image produced by the microscope
and the actual size of the object.
b. the degree to which a particular structure looks different from other
structures around it.
c. how well a structure takes up certain dyes.
d. the ability to observe two adjacent objects as being distinct from
each other.
e. the degree to which the image is magnified.

3. Each of the following is part of the endomembrane system except

a. the nuclear envelope.
b. the endoplasmic reticulum.
c. the Golgi apparatus.
d. lysosomes.
e. mitochondria.

4. Vesicle transport occurs between the ER and the Golgi in both directions. Let’s
suppose a researcher added a drug to cells that inhibited vesicle transport from the
Golgi to the ER but did not affect vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi. If you
observed cells microscopically after the drug was added, what would you expect to
see happen over the course of 1 hour?
a. The ER would get smaller, and the Golgi would get larger.
b. The ER would get larger, and the Golgi would get smaller.
c. The ER and Golgi would stay the same size.
d. Both the ER and Golgi would get larger.
e. Both the ER and Golgi would get smaller.

5. Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include

a. detoxification of harmful organic molecules.
b. metabolism of carbohydrates.
c. protein sorting.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

28
6. The central vacuole in many plant cells is important for
a. storage.
b. photosynthesis.
c. structural support.
d. all of the above.
e. a and c only.

7. Which of the following observations would not be considered evidence for the en-
dosymbiosis theory?
a. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have genomes that resemble smaller
versions of bacterial genomes.
b. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all divide by binary fission.
c. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all have ribosomes.
d. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all have similar sizes and shapes.
e. All of the above are considered evidence for the theory.

29
 Literature
1. Brooker R.J., Widmaier E, Grayam L., Stililig P. Biology, 4th edinion,
McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.
2. Mason K.A., Losos J.B., S.R. Singer. Biology, 7th edinion, McGraw-Hill Edu-
cation, 2017.
3. Абдукаева Н.С., Пакшина Н.С., Косенкова Н.С., Заяц С. Д., Грачева Т.И.,.
Васильева Н.В., Е.В.Обелевич. Сборник задач по генетике. Издание пя-
тое, переработанное и дополненное. – СПб., Янус, 2010.
4. Абдукаева Н.С., Кинжибулатова Р.Ж., Косенкова Н.С., Заяц С.Д., Грачева
Т.И., Васильева Н.В., Бедная Е.Д., Куражова. Задания по биологии клетки
для самостоятельной работы студентов. – СПб.: Издательство СПбГПМУ,
2013.
5. Абдукаева Н.С., Косенкова Н.С., Грачева Т.И., Васильева Н.В. Рабочая
тетрадь по биологии для студентов 1 курса. Издание шестое, перерабо-
танное и дополненное. – СПб., Янус, 2017.
6. Абдукаева Н.С., Косенкова Н.С., Васильева Н.В., Грачева Т.И. Опыт
преподавания молекулярной биологии на подготовительном отделении
для иностранных граждан в СПбГПМУ // Успехи современной науки и
образования. 2017. Т. 2. № 6. С. 86–90.
7. Абдукаева Н.С., Косенкова Н.С., Заяц С.Д., Грачева Т.И., Васильева Н.В.,
Методическое пособие по генетике для студентов медицинских вузов. 3-е
издание, переработанное и дополненное. – СПб., Янус, 2017.
8. Абдукаева Н.С., Косенкова Н.С., Грачева Т.И., Васильева Н.В. Клетка –
миниатюрная биосистема. – СПб., Янус, 2018.

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 Учебное издание

Nellie S. Abdukaeva, Natalia S. Kosenkova, Tatyana I. Gracheva,

Nina V. Vasileva, Zinaida I. Starunova

Review questions on cell biology and genetics for students

Manual for independent work

Подписано в печать 05.02.2019 г. Формат 60x84 1/16. Бумага офсетная.

Гарнитура Таймс. Объем 2,0 печ. л. Тираж 50 экз. Заказ № 2.

Отпечатано в ЦМТ СПбГПМУ

ISBN 978-5-907065-95-6

31