Lesson 1

Articles
• *Артикль – используется перед существительными и поясняют их.
Есть два вида артиклей:
I. неопределенный артикль II. Определенный
Indefinite Article Definite Article
• A/an The
a girl the girl
a girls the girls
a money the money
• *Артикль a/an используется когда мы говорим о предмете который для нас
неизвестен (нет точной информации)
There is a man who is waiting for you. (Не знаем кто это)
• *Артикль a/an используется только перед существительными единственного
числа.
a man, a dog, a table
• *Определённый артикль The используется когда мы говорим об определённом
существительном (Мы знаем о чём идёт речь)
Do you remember the promise?
• *Артикль The можно использовать с любым существительным.
• The + any noun
the girl the water
the girls the sounds
• *НЕЛЬЗЯ перед существительными во множественном числе.
a men a dogs a tables
и в uncountable
a water a money a sand
• *Потому что a/an означает 1 (один)
a/an = 1(one)
one dollar = a dollar
one minute = a minute
• * A используется когда первый звук существительного согласный.
a table [teibl]
a door [do:]
a university [junivesti]
• *An используется когда первый звук гласный.
an apple an owl
an hour [аue]
• *Артикль The всегда используется с существительными которые
в единственном числе.
The sun The sky
The moon The sunset
The stars The equator
The world The sea
• * Артикль The используется когда мы говорим о существительном
во второй раз.
I saw a man. The man was wearing a hat. The hat was black.
• *Артикль The используется когда мы указываем на существительное.
Please pass me the salt.
Turn off the music.
• *Слова с которыми часто используют The.
• The door, the ceiling, the light, the floor, the carpet, the safe, the roof, the facade,
the kitchen, the garden, the bathroom, the army, the police, the fire brigade,
the airport, the cinema, the station.

Usage – Использование
*Артикль a/an используется….
1) Перед неопределёнными существительными в ед.числе.
Can I give you a question?
2) Когда мы говорим о существительном впервые.
I need a visa. They live in a flat.
3) A/an – любой/каждый.
A mother loves her child. (Любая мать любит своего ребёнка)
A person deserves education. (Любой человек заслуживает образование)
4) Перед профессиями людей:
My mother is a teacher, but my father is a doctor.
5) Перед следующими выражениями:
Countable nouns (in plural)
Uncountable nouns
I have a lot of questions.
He has a lot of money.
*Для Countable Nouns:
A good many – много (но в меру)
There are a good many students in the room. (20/20)
A great many – много (но через чур)
There are a great many students in the room. (25/20)
• *Для Uncountable nouns
• A good deal of – много (но в меру)
She drank a good deal of alcohol. (она ещё в состоянии)
• A great deal of – много (через чур)
She drank a great deal of alcohol. (не в состоянии)
• Many a time – много раз/очень часто
She comes here many a time.
• A couple of – пара (2шт)
I have a couple of questions.
• A dozen – дюжина (12шт)
You need a dozen eggs to cook this meal.
• *Если у существительного есть прилагательное, то артикль
ставим смотря на прилагательное.
a question – an interesting question
an umbrella – a white umbrella
 Lesson 2
Adverbs
• Adjectives – описывает существительное.
She is beautiful.
• Adverbs – описывает действие глагола.
She runs beautifully.
• Adverbs – описывают:
1) Глагол (действие) – They run quickly.
2) Целое предложение – Unfortunately he is not here.
3) Прилагательное – She is very beautiful.
4) Наречия – He runs too quickly.
• Наречия делятся на 6 видов:
1) Adverbs of manner (Наречия образа действия) Как? Каким образом?
Bravely, happily, quickly, slowly, easily, fast, hard, well.
2) Adverbs of time (Наречия времени) Когда?
Now, then, when, tomorrow, soon, today, sometimes, still, yet, recently.
3) Adverbs of place (Наречия места) Где?
By, down, here, near, there, up, above, inside, nowhere, somewhere.

4) Sentence Adverbs (Наречия описывающие целые предложения)

Certainly, definitely, surely, luckily, perhaps, indeed, obviously, maybe,
unfortunately.
5) Adverbs of frequency (Наречия частоты) Как часто?
Always, never, often, twice, seldom, occasionally.
6)Adverbs of degree (Наречие степени)
Fairly, hardly, quite, too, scarcely, almost, rather, very, enough, somewhat.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАРЕЧИЙ:
*Большинство наречий образуются с добавлением окончания “-ly”к
прилагательному:
Adjective + ly = Adverb
Quick – quickly; Amazing – amazingly;
Grave – gravely; Slow – slowly.
*Если прилагательное заканчивается на Y, мы убираем Y и
добавляем +ily.
Happy –happily; heavy – heavily.
easy – easily;
• Если прилагательное заканчивается на -ic, то наречие от него
образуется путем добавление окончания - ally
basic – basically, dramatic – dramatically
Exception: Public – publicly.
• Если прилагательное заканчивается на –е, то мы просто
добавляем –ly.
Extreme – extremely; Complete – completely.
Absolute – absolutely;
Exceptions: True – truly; Due – duly; Whole – wholly.
• Если прилагательное заканчивается на –le, то мы меняем e на y.
Sensible – sensibly; Incredible – incredibly;
Terrible – terribly; Reasonable – reasonably.
Gentle – gently;
• Если прилагательное заканчивается на –l, то мы просто
добавляем +ly.
Final – finally; Careful – carefully.
Beautiful – beautifully;
• GOOD – WELL
He is a good friend. (Adj)
He plays football well. (Adv)
• KINDLY - может быть как прилагательным так и наречием:
He gave us a kindly smile.
He talks to me kindly.
• Есть такие прилагательные, которые уже имеют в своём составе
добавляем
• in a …… way
Friendly – in a friendly way;
Likely – in a likely way;
Lovely – in a lovely way;
Lonely – in a lonely way;
Lively – in a lively way.
• Следующие глаголы могут быть описаны только прилагательными
1) Look - Выглядеть
2) Taste - Быть на вкус
3) Seem - Казаться
4) Sound - Звучать
5) Smell - Пахнуть
• Hard – усердный; Hardly – едва-ли, еле-еле.
Hard – усердно;
 Lesson 3
Degrees of Adverbs
• У наречий также как и у прилагательных существуют 3 степени
сравнения
• К односложным наречиям также добавляется окончание –er, -est.
hard – harder – hardest;
early – earlier – earliest;
near – nearer – nearest;
late – later – latest;
soon – sooner – soonest.
Please hang the picture higher.
Tom arrived later than Jim.
Jim arrived earlier than Tom.
• С наречиями двух или более слогов мы добавляем в сравнительной и
превосходной степени more most перед наречиями.
Quickly – more quickly – most quickly;
Fortunately – more fortunately – most fortunately.
• Степени сравнения наречий Quickly, slowly, often образуются двумя
способами.
Quickly – more quickly – most quickly;
Quickly – quicker – quickest.
• Не имеют степеней сравнения Наречия места и времени (here, there
tоday, tomorrow, yesterday back, whenever, whoever, now, very, before,
always, ever, never, usually, here, there) и другие.
It is not safe to go any further/ farther. (for distance)
Mr. A said that these toy pistols should not be on sale.
Mr. B went further and said that no toy pistols should be sold. (abstract)
Mr. C went furthest of all and said that no guns of any kind should be sold.
(abstract)
NOTE : перед наречиями в превосходной степени артикль the не
используется.
I am always nervous for the first few minutes of an exam. (прилаг)
Turn off the computer first and then lock the door. (наречие)

• Конструкции со сравнениями
as + наречие +as – В утвердительных предложениях
He worked as slowly as he dared
as/so + наречие+ as – В отрицательных предложениях
He doesn’t snore as/so loudly as you do
• - than используется в сравнительной степени:
He eats more quickly than I do/ than me
- the + наречие в сравнит степени……. the + наречие в сравнит
степени
The earlier you start the sooner you will be back
The harder he studied the better he achieved
 Lesson 4
Present Simple Tense
• S + Vsimple + C + M
I play football
Present simple tense is the tense that indicates that the action is taking place
regularly in the present.
I woke up at 6 every day.
We visit our granny every weekend.
S + V(s/es) + C + M (+)
• S + do not/does not + Vsimple
• Do/Does + S + Vsimple? (?)
• Do/Does + S + not + Vsimple? (-?)
Don’t/Doesn’t + S + Vsimple?
SPECIAL QUESTIONS
Who
Why
When + do/does + S + Vsimple?
Where
What
How
USAGE:
1) The action takes place regularly:
We celebrate New Year with the whole family together.
Every year I travel to Moscow.
2) When we say about the daily routine:
She wakes up at 6.
I go to work.
I sleep 8 hours a day.
3) When we talk about well-known facts:
The Earth goes around the Sun.
Water boils at 100 degrees.
4) When the action takes place according to the schedule of (trains, buses, lessons,
planes).
The plane takes off at 7:45.
The lesson will be started at 8 a.m.
Key words:
Every day, every month, every year, always, never, sometimes, often, usually,
on Mondays, on Tuesdays, in the morning, in the afternoon.

Lesson 5
Present Continuous Tense
• S + am/is/are + Ving (+)
I am playing.
She is writing.
• am not
S + is not/isn’t + Ving (-)
are not/aren’t
She is not reading.
They aren’t waiting.
• Am/is/are + S + Ving? (?)
Are you working?
Is she running.
• Am/Is/Are + S + not + Ving? (-?)
Isn’t/Aren’t + S + Ving?
Aren’t you missing the lessons?
Is she not crying?
• SPECIAL QUESTIONS:
Who
Why
When am
 Where + is + S + Ving?
How are
What
Why are you crying?
Where is he going?
• Key words:
Now; right now; at the moment.
She is sleeping at the moment.
• USAGE:
1) Present Continuous is the tense which shows that the action is happening
right now.
Umid is learning English.
2) Used when the action is changeable.
I am living here for now.
The weather is getting colder and colder.
It is getting darker and darker.
3) When the action is planned in the future.
I am meeting with my friends tomorrow.
4) When something annoys us.
S + to be + always + Ving (Как ни посмотри)
She is always coming late to the lesson.
We are always missing the classes.

Lesson 6
Past simple
*Past simple – время, которое показывает что произошло в прошлом и не
имеет связи с настоящим.
S + Ved + C + M (+)
He broke his phone
S + did not + Vs (-)
S + didn’t + Vs
We did not clean this room.
He didn’t break his phone.
Did + S + Vs? (?)
Did we clean the room?
Did + S + not + Vs? (?)
Didn’t + S + Vs?
Didn’t we clean the room?
Did he not break his phone?
SPECIAL QUESTIONS:
Why
Who
When
Where + did + S + Vs?
What
How
When did he start studying?
Key words:
Yesterday, the day before yesterday…
USAGE:
1) Действие произошло в прошлом и не имеет связи в настоящем
I bought a car (но сейчас её нет)
2) Действие произошло в прошлом и больше никогда не повторится
He died in 1975
 Lesson 7
Past Continuous Tense
*Past continuous tense – это время которое происходило долго в прошлом.
S + was/were + Ving + C + M (+)
The phone was ringing
S + was not/wasn’t + Ving + C + M (-)
S + were not/weren’t + Ving + C + M
The phone wasn’t ringing
They were not playing.
Was/Were + S + Ving? (?)
Was the phone ringing?
Was/Were + S + not + Ving? (-?)
Wasn’t/Weren’t + S + Ving?
Was she not singing?
Weren’t they playing?
SPECIAL QUESTIONS
Who
When
Where + was/were + S + Ving?
What
Why
How
How were you solving all tasks?
Key words:
У Past simple и Past continuous ключевые слова одинаковые.
USAGE:
Past continuous используется:
1) Когда действие происходит в прошлом долго
I was waiting for you for 2hours.
2) Когда действие происходит в прошлом в определённый момент
Yesterday in the morning I was having lunch with my family.
3) Когда мы говорим о действии в прошлом которое не видели от начала до
конца
Children were playing football
Lesson 8
Future Simple
*Future Simple – время, которое показывает что действие произойдёт в
будущем.
S + will + Vs (+) S + shall + Vs
I will go home.
S + will + not + Vs (-) S + shall not + Vs
S + won’t + Vs S + shan’t + Vs
I will not do it.
She won’t solve a quiz.
Will + S + Vs? (?) Shall + S + Vs?
Will you go home?
Will he buy a car?
Will + S + not + Vs? (-?) Shall + S + not + Vs?
Won’t + S + Vs? Shan’t + S + Vs?
Will they not meet her?
Won’t we play football?
*We can use SHALL only with I and We!
SPECIAL QUESTIONS:
Who
When
Where + will + S + Vs?
What
Why
How
How will you solve this task?
Key words:
Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (day/week/month/year)
We will meet them next year.
USAGE:
Future simple используется:
1) Действие произойдёт в будущем
Umid will go home after an hour.

2) Для действий которые будут повторятся в будущем

Summer will come again
People will make plans
3) Для того чтобы выразить мнение о будущем
S + V, S + will + Vs
assume, believe, expect, promise, to be afraid, daresay, hope, suppose, feel, doubt,
know, think.
I believe, you will do it.
I am afraid, he won’t come.
4) В условных предложения, в английском языке будущее время не
используется
If
Unless
Until + Present Tenses, S + will + Vs
When Future
As soon as
After
If I will pass the exam, I will buy you a car.
Если я пройду экзамен, я куплю тебе машину.
I won’t go home unless I finish my work.
НО. Если предложение не условное то после этих слов можно использовать
will.
When will you come.
 Lesson 9
Future Continuous Tense
*Future Continuous – время, которое показывает что:
1) Будет происходить в будущем долго
I will be doing my homework.
2) Будет происходить в будущем в определённый период
Tomorrow at 6 I will be reading.
S + will + be + Ving (+)
I will be singing.
S + will not + be + Ving (-)
S + won’t be + Ving
She will not be dancing tomorrow.
He won’t be playing football.
Will + S + be + Ving? (?)
Will you be teaching me?
Will + S + not + be + Ving? (-?)
Won’t + S + be + Ving?
Will you not be beating him?
Won’t they be playing games?
SPECIAL QUESTIONS:
Who
When
Where + will + S + be + Ving?
What
Why
How
What will you be doing tomorrow at night?
Key words:
Future Simple and Future Continuous have the same key words.
НО! У Future Continuous есть key word которого нет у Future Simple
(from….to) I will be working from 6 to 10.

Lesson 10
Present Perfect Tense
*We use PPT when yesterday’s action gives a result today.
S + have/has + V3/ed (+)

I have stolen my keys.

S + have not/haven’t + V3/ed (-)
S + has not/hasn’t + V3/ed
I haven’t stolen my keys.
Have/Has + S + V3/ed? (?)
Have you stolen your keys?
Have/Has + S + not + V3/ed? (-?)
Haven’t/Hasn’t + S + V3/ed?
Hasn’t she stolen her keys?
SPECIAL QUESTIONS:
What/Where/How long/ Why/When + have / has + S + V3/ed?
Why have you come here?
S + have/has + just + V3/ed Недавно/Только что
I have just explained the topic!
S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + C + M + yet Что-то ещё не случилось
yet always with negative
She hasn’t come yet.
S + have/has + V3/ed + C + M + recently/lately Недавно
She has blocked me recently.
How long + have/has + S + V3/ed? Как давно

How long has Rustam learnt the words?

For – period of time
Since – starting point/time.
My students have studied at Premium for 3 months.
I have started to study since 2020.
Key words:
Yet - ещё
still – до сих пор
already - уже
just – только что/недавно
ever – когда либо
I have already finished my work.
This is/It is + the superlative/the only/the first + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed
This is the worst book I have ever read.
It is the first job I have ever worked.
S + had better + Vsimple Было бы лучше
You had better study hard.
 Lesson 11
To be going to
S + be + going to + Vs (+)
I am going to go home.
S + be + not going to + Vs (-)
She is not going to get punishment.
Be + S + going to + Vs? (?)
Are they going to buy a car?
Be + S + not going to + Vs? (-?)
Is he not going to go to school?
What/When/Where/Why/How + be + S + going to + Vs?
What are you going to do?
Always – Как ни посмотри
S + to be + always + Ving
He is always playing the phone on the lesson.