Т. М. Лоуренс, Ж. К.

Казенова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
9 класс
Учебник
Для общеобразовательных организаций
с русским языком обучения

Бишкек
Издательство «Аркус»
2023
УДК 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.432.1я721

Лоуренс, Т. М., Казенова, Ж. К.

Л81 Английский язык. 9 класс : учебник для общеобразоват. орг.
с рус. яз. обучения / Т. М. Лоуренс, Ж. К. Казенова. — Б. : Аркус,
2023. — 152 с., ил.

ISBN 978-9967-34-130-2

Учебник «Английский язык» предназначен для учащихся 9-го класса

общеобразовательных организаций Кыргызской Республики. Он разработан
на основе предметных стандартов по иностранному языку, утверждённых
Министерством образования и науки КР.
Все темы в учебнике учитывают современную жизнь обучающихся.
Упражнения по чтению и аудированию направлены на развитие навыков
общения с носителями английского языка. В упражнениях учитывается
возможность использования различных видов эссе (описательные,
аналитические, сравнительные и др.), которая позволит развить самостоятельное
творческое мышление и навык письменного изложения собственных мыслей.
Индивидуальные и совместные упражнения на творческое решение проблем
закрепляют навыки критического мышления.
Все упражнения разработаны опытным инструктором — носителем языка
так, чтобы обогатить процесс обучения и чтобы девятиклассники могли успешно
применять полученные знания и навыки.

УСЛОВНЫЕ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ

— говорение

— чтение

— слушание

— письменное задание

— проектная работа

УДК 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.432.1я721

ISBN 978-9967-34-130-2 © ОсОО «Издательство «Аркус», 2023

 UNIT 1: NEW SCHOOL YEAR!
In this unit you will:
• review present tenses;
• use present tenses to talk about emotions and extracurricular activities;
• use a schedule to organise your time well;
• read about making goals for the new school year;
• use past tenses to talk about your summer holiday.

Lesson 1

1. Look at the picture above and discuss what you see.

Language Focus

Present Continuous Tense Usage: Action in progress now

Positive Negative Question

I am writing now. I’m not writing now. Am I writing now?

He/She/It is writing now. He/She/It isn’t writing now. Is he/she/it writing now?

You/We/They You/We/They Are you/we/they

are writing now. aren’t writing now. writing now?

M o r e e x a m p l e s : Aigul is watching the teacher.

The teacher is writing on the board.

3
 2. Fill in the blanks with am, is, or are.
1. She is looking at her watch now.
2. The teacher holding his pen in his left hand.
3. You washing a window and I cleaning a door.
4. My mom drinking a cup of tea in the kitchen at this moment.
5. — Where you?
—I here. I watching a tennis match in my room.
6. Look at these kids! They climbing a tree.
7. It cold outside. It snowing so hard.

3. Make questions for each word in the sentences.

F o r e x a m p l e : They are playing football in the yard now.
Who is playing in the yard now?
What are they doing in the yard now?
Where are they playing now?
1. We are swimming in the pool right now.
2. I am typing on the computer now.
3. Dad is talking with his friends in the cafe.
4. She is driving a car too fast.
5. They are eating dinner in the kitchen.
6. You are speaking English very well.

4. Listen to Aigul’s questions and answer them.

Language Focus

Present Continuous Tense Exeptions Usage: Talking about emotions

Verbs not to be used in Present Verbs used in Present Continuous tense

Continuous tense only if being done at that moment:

know feel believe forget want taste

understand like forget think remember have
love need

• I have a sister, or I am having • I think about my mother,

a good time. We do not say,
“I’m having a sister.”
• I know how to play piano.
We do not say, “I’m knowing
how to play piano.”
or I am thinking about this
grammar.
• I remember you, or I’m
remembering the time I met you.
• She forgets everything, or she’s
forgetting what you just told her.
It is more common to use forgot.

4
 5. Look at the verbs in the box and write them in your copybook in two
separate lists.

to know to believe to smell to remember

to see to think to feel to understand
to have to forget to hear to like
to love to expect to taste to respect

Present Continuous
Present Simple
Present Simple

to have to love

6. Are the following sentences correct? Write the correct form of the incorrect
sentences.
1. She’s having a new dress today.
2. Are you thinking about lunch already?
3. He’s liking his new wheelchair. It is easier for him to use.
4. I smell food. Is someone cooking?
5. My little brother is not believing in monsters.

Lesson 2

1. Listen to Aigul about extracurriculars and

answer the questions below:

Hello, friends! Time for another school year!

I’m so excited to begin every year with learning
English. Do you know what extracurriculars
are? They are activities other than your main
subjects at school. For example, sports, dance
class, computer training, and chess club are
extracurriculars. This year I’m taking dance
classes after school. What do you do after school?

1. What are extracurriculars?

2. What do you do after school?
Glossary
extracurriculars (n.) — activities other than the main subjects at school

5
 2. Match the pictures with the words.

1 2 3

4 5 6

a) take dancing classes e) go to English tutoring

b) play football f) play volleyball
c) take piano classes g) volunteer at Red Crescent
d) go to chess club
Language Focus

Present Simple Tense Usage: Facts/habits/routines

Positive Negative Question

I/You/We/They play. I/You/We/They don’t play. Do I/you/we/they play?

He/She/It plays. He/She/It doesn’t play. Does he/she/it play?

3. Rewrite each statement into a question.

1. I play football every day.
Do you play football every day?
2. She goes to the chess club on Wednesdays.
3. They volunteer with the Red Crescent twice a week.
4. He has piano classes every week.
5. She doesn’t dance.

6
6. They go to English tutoring every Monday.
7. I don’t play volleyball.

4. Work with a partner and answer the questions below.

1. What do you do after school?
2. What extracurriculars do you like?
3. When do you (take dancing classes, play football, etc.)?
4. Do you (take dancing classes, play football, etc.) every week?

Lessons 3–4

1. How do you organise

your time? Work with
a partner and answer the
questions below.
1. Do you use a calendar?
What do you write on
your calendar?
2. Do you write your
schedule in a planner? Do
you write your homework
assignments in your
planner?
3. Do you use your phone
to follow your schedule?
Which phone app do you
use?

2. a) Read about Aigul’s experience with organizing her time.

I like to keep a planner to organise my

schedule. I use it to write down my classes and
extracurriculars each day. I also use it to write
down homework assignments. My older brother,
Aitbek, likes to print out weekly planner pages he
finds from the Internet. He uses a planner to see
his week on one page.

7
 2. b) Look at Aitbek’s weekly planner and listen to him explaining his schedule.
English Algebra Social Studies Kyrgyz Language Extracurricular
MONDAY

Read Chapter 1 Do page 3 #1–20 Answer questions No homework Football

page 4

Geography Russian Language Algebra Biology Extracurricular

TUESDAY

Write list Read page 6

Memorize poem Do page 5 #1–15 English tutor
of European and answer
on page 3
countries questions
Physics Science Computer Science Biology Kyrgyz Literature Extracurricular
WEDNESDAY

Football

Physics Science English Chemistry Kyrgyz Language Extracurricular

THURSDAY

English tutor

History Russian Language Russian Literature Kyrgyz Language Extracurricular

FRIDAY

Football

Art Chemistry Geometry History Extracurricular

SATURDAY

Volunteer
at Red Crescent
SUNDAY

Football tournament at 11:00 at Stadium

3. Work with a partner and answer the questions below.

a) What do you do on Mondays? On Mondays, I .
b) What do you do every Wednesday? Every Wednesday, I .
c) What do you usually do on Saturdays? I usually on Saturdays.

4. a) Sometimes English speakers use Present Continuous for future

plans. Two students in class read aloud Aigul’s and Aitbek’s dialogue
about their plans for the week.
A i g u l : Aitbek, what are you doing this Sunday?
A i t b e k : Well, let me check my planner. I’m playing in a tournament this
Sunday. Why are you asking?
A i g u l : I’m inviting my friends from dance class. We will need the living
room. We are practising for our performance next week. What
time is your tournament?

8
A i t b e k : At 11 o’clock. I’m playing tennis at the stadium all day. You and
your friends are free to use the living room.
A i g u l : Thanks! Next week on Friday
is our performance. Can you
come?
A i t b e k : When?
A i g u l : After school.
A i t b e k : I have tennis on Friday. I’ll
have to talk with my coach.
If I do well at the tournament
this Sunday, maybe he will let
me miss tennis practice next
Friday. We’ll see.
A i g u l : Okay.
Language Focus

Present Continuous Tense for Future Plans

When Aitbek said I’m playing in a tournament this Sunday, he is not playing
in a tournament at that moment. He has future plans this Sunday to play
in a tournament.
It is more common to ask What are you doing this weekend? than What will you
do this weekend?

4. b) Practise Present Continuous tense for future plans with a partner.

1. What are you doing today after school? (or What are you doing after
school today?)
2. What are you doing this weekend?
3. What are you doing next Monday?

Lesson 5

1. Read the text and write down new words from the text. Ask your
partner “How will Aigul try to improve her English this year?” Discuss
it with your partner after reading.
I am so enthusiastic and very motivated to start going to different
courses. My first goal is English, so that’s why I am going to an English
course. Last year I started learning English, but my pronunciation was
poor, and nobody could understand me. This year I will try to improve and
express my ideas more effectively. I am very encouraged to get better and
reach the intermediate level. We are going to experiment with my friend

9
Nazira to speak English by revising grammar and new vocabulary which we
learned in the course. We have a lot of opportunities to practise when we
chat on the phone, while we are walking home after school, or while doing
homework together. We are more aware of our mistakes, which is a good
method of learning vocabulary. In conversation, I can ask my friend to
repeat words or phrases I don’t know. She explains them. Then I do the same
for her. My favourite way to remember new words is to keep a record of the
words in a notebook or to use cards to make notes of special information.
At the end of the year, I can see my progress in my notebook where I write
my plans and goals.

2. Use the words in bold to match the words with the correct meaning
of the words. Listen and check your answer.

1. enthusiastic adj. a) you really want to do something or a strong desire to do

2. to motivate v. b) a time when it is possible to do
3. to improve v. c) to talk among people
4. effectively adv. d) to move forward or achieve your goal
5. to encourage v. e) it gives you hope and makes you want to continue
6. an opportunity n. f) very interested in something
7. to be aware of v. g) to know about something
8. a conversation n. h) to become better, to get better
9. to progress v. i) in a way that gives you the result you want

3. Complete the sentences with a word from the box in Exercise 2.

1. She is quite enthusiastic about the idea. She shows a lot of interest.
2. He is a good teacher. He knows how to his students in his
lessons.
3. We them in their work. They really want to thank us for that.
4. Murat hopes he will have the of seeing his friend here often.
5. She fully your problems. She had plans
on how to solve them .
6. Work on the company quickly this year.
7. I had a pleasant with my family last time when we had
the to meet.
8. She learns her vocabulary.

4. Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1. How do you want to improve your ability to speak English?
2. What motivates people to learn foreign languages?

10
3. What are you enthusiastic about?
4. What do you need to learn to manage your time effectively?
5. If the opportunity comes up to go to the USA, what will you do there?
6. Do you like to have a conversation by e-mail? Why?
7. How are you progressing with English language?

Lesson 6

1. Look at the pictures. Ask your classmate.

1. How did you spend your summer holiday?
2. Where did you go? What did you see?
3. Who did you go with?
4. Did you have fun?

to go walking
to climb
to sleep on a mountain

to drink fresh milk

to ride on a horse
to take care of animals

to swim in the lake

to jump in the water while
canyoning
to ride on the boat
to sunbathe

11
 to enjoy time with friends
on the playground
to play frisbee at the park
to go on the rides
to eat pizza

to kick around a soccer ball

to have a picnic in the park
to enjoy family time an
a picnic
to have a family barbeque

to have a water gun fight

to play a card game
to organise a walking tour
to light a bonfire

2. Read the text and underline short items about how Aigul spent her summer
holiday this year.
Today I will tell you how I spent my summer holiday. It was the most
unforgettable vacation of my life. I love the summer holiday because it is the
longest holiday of the year. My family and I decided to spend the first month
of vacation in June in the mountains. My parents love to drink koumiss.
We also drank a glass of fresh horse milk 5 times a day. According to my
grandmother, this is good for the immune system and helps to prevent flu
in the wintertime. I love to relax in the mountains, because I love to hike and
paint beautiful scenery. I often ride a horse and even milk a cow.
As we were returning home, we decided to go to Osh to celebrate my
nephew’s first birthday. Osh is a very beautiful and vibrant city. We visited
various parks and museums. We visited several restaurants where they cooked
delicious pilaf.

12
 August is my favourite month of the year. Every year this month, we go
to Issyk-Kul. I love to swim for hours and sunbathe all day, even though I get
a slight tan. We always use sunscreen. I love banana boat rides. Who knew
how exciting and fun riding a banana boat is, especially when they throw you
into the water several times? My brother Aitbek loves to parasail over Issyk-
Kul. I just love summer holiday!
Glossary
unforgettable (adj.) — something that you cannot forget
holiday (n.) — a time when someone does not go to work or school
vacation (n.) — time spent away from home for travel and rest

3. Answer the questions about Aigul’s story. Write complete sentences in your
copybook about how you spent your summer holiday.
1. How did she spend her summer holiday?
2. Where did she go?
3. What did she do there?
4. What is her favourite month of the year? Why?

Language Focus

Past Simple Tense Review Usage: Completed action at a specific time in the past

Positive Negative Question

I finished. He didn’t finish. Did you finish?

We began. You didn’t begin. Did he begin?
I was. She wasn’t. Was he here?
They were. You weren’t. Where were they?
Exa mples with time phra ses:

three years ago. at 2 p.m.

at 12:00 noon.
two weeks ago.
before she came
She moved in June. to Bishkek.
She bought a car
to Bishkek in 2021. after she came
to Bishkek.
on Tuesday.
last year.
on April 5 , 2021.
th
this week.

13
 4. Answer the questions. Use Past Simple tense with time phrases.
a) When did your father buy his first car?
He bought his first car ten years ago.
b) When did your parents get married?
c) When did your mother have her first baby?
d) When did your lessons start today?
e) When were you born?
f) When did you go to the cinema last time?
g) What time did you have breakfast today?
h) What time did you go to sleep last night?

5. a) Pronouncing Past Simple tense regular verbs. Listen to the words in the
chart. Notice that the regular verbs ending with [t] and [d] sounds are /id/.
The regular verbs that end with a voiced sound have a /d/ sound at the end.
Remember, all vowels are voiced. The regular verbs that end with a voiceless
sound have a /t/ sound at the end. English speakers do not pronounce
the [e] for either voiced or voiceless verbs not ending with /t/ or /d/ sounds.
Change to past tense and insert the following regular verbs to finish the table:
appreciate, doubt, express, hate, jump, kick, love, move, play, relax, remember,
and suspect.

-ed

verbs that end with voiced verbs that end with

verbs that end with
(b, v, g, z, j, th, l, m, n, r, voiceless
[t] or [d]
and vowels) (p, f, k, s, sh, ch, x)
/id/
/d/ /t/
started agreed finished
needed believed touched
wanted imagined looked
tasted loathed possessed

5. b) Listen to the audio to check your answers.

14
 UNIT 2: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
In this unit you will:
• learn how to take care of yourself and a family member;
• determine when to use Present Perfect tense or Past Simple tense;
• learn about sports played around the world;
• practise using past tenses with regular and irregular verbs;
• use ordinal numbers;
• learn about hospitals and American healthcare.

Lesson 1

1. Look at the list of phrases and discuss it with your partners. Choose from
the list what you do to take care of yourself.
Catch up with a friend Read a book for 15 to 20 minutes
Spend time outdoors Exercise regularly
Listen to good music Cook for yourself
Have a healthy nutritious meal Try something new
Sleep 8 hours a day Tell the truth
Walk or bike
Take a shower
Wash hands

2. Discuss the following questions with your partner.

1. Do you always take care of yourself?
2. What are you fond of doing in your free time?
3. What habits do you think are bad?
4. Have you ever biked in the mountains?
5. What is a healthy meal? Why?
6. Do you always exercise in the mornings?
7. Do you like to try new things in your life? What have you tried?

3. Look at the pictures on the next page and discuss with partners in your
group. Choose the list of phrases from Exercise 1.
— What should you do to be healthy and energetic all day?
— I should eat healthy food, run in the morning (etc…).

15
 Language Focus

The Present Perfect Tense Usage: Action that happened before now at an unknown time

Subject + auxiliary verbs have/has + past participle form of main verb

Positive Negative Question

I/We/They/You have slept. They haven’t slept. Have you slept?

He/She/It has stopped.
Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
You haven’t slept.
Has it stopped now?
He hasn’t stopped.
Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t.
She hasn’t stopped.

4. Complete the sentences with Present Perfect and then Past Simple tenses
with the given verbs.
1. a) He has just knocked (just, to knock) at the door.
b) He knocked (to knock) at the door.
2. a) I (never, to smoke) cigarette.
b) I (not, to smoke) a cigarette yesterday.
3. a) they (ever, to travel) to different
countries?
b) they (to travel) to different countries
last year?

16
4. a) you (to water) the flowers today?
b) you (to water) the flowers last week?
5. a) She (already, to pack) everything in the box.
b) She (already, to pack) everything in the box an
hour ago.
6. a) Dastan (not, to return) home yet.
b) Dastan (to return) home 5 minutes ago.
7. a) you (to get) an e-mail from your teacher?
b) you (to get) an e-mail from your teacher
yesterday?

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given verbs in brackets.
a) Aigul began (to begin) a new diet and exercise program last week. She
has begun new diet and exercise programs before.
b) The TV (to broadcast) news about a terrible earthquake in
Japan last week. The TV news about Japan every day since
the earthquake occurred there.
c) He (to feed) the birds at the park yesterday. I
birds at the park every day since I lost my job.
d) We (to lead) the group discussion at the conference.
We group discussions since we started going to conferences.
e) Aibek (to lose) money at the racetrack yesterday.
He money at the racetrack lots of times in his lifetime.
f) I (to fall) down many times in my lifetime but never hard
enough to really hurt myself. I down many times during
football practice yesterday.
g) your sister (to break) a bone in her body? She
her leg when she was eight years old. She jumped off the big table in the
living room.
h) My uncle (to be) a great golfer for most of his life, but he
(to die) last year.

Lesson 2

1. a) Below is an essay Aigul wrote for school. Read the essay and match
the sports with the pictures.
I love sports! My favourite sport is volleyball. My brother loves to play
football. Did you know that in the USA and Canada, they call football
soccer? In America, football is a different type of game where players carry

17
or pass the ball to the goal. In the UK, they play a similar game called rugby.
In both games, the players tackle each other, but American football players
wear helmets and more pads than rugby players.
Another popular game in England is polo. Polo players ride horses hitting
a ball with a special club to their opponent’s goal. Historians say early British
explorers saw horse games in Central Asia like Kok boru which inspired
them to create polo. But the sport that England started and spread around
the world is cricket. Cricket is the 2nd most popular sport in the world. It is
similar to baseball where one team throws a ball to another team that tries
to hit the ball with a stick called a bat. There are players who try to catch the
ball. In cricket, players play in a rectangular field called a pitch. In baseball,
the field is shaped like a diamond. Both games have complicated rules.
And the last sport I would like to explain also originated in England —
table tennis. I’ve always thought table tennis began in China where they play
it competitively. In table tennis, two or four players hit a small ball using
special paddles on a table that looks like a small tennis court divided by a
net. These paddles and balls used to be sold in a box labelled Ping Pong which
is why Americans call this sport Ping Pong. Although countries around the
world are very different from each other, we can easily say that every country
enjoys sports.

1. b) Match sport words from the box with the pictures.

polo American football cricket
volleyball baseball table tennis/ping pong
football/soccer rugby

a b c

d e

f
g
h

18
 2. a) Work with your partner. Discuss the questions.
1. What is your favourite sport? Why?
2. Have you ever played baseball?
3. Do you like to play table tennis?
4. What sports do you like to watch?
5. What do you think about American football?

2. b) Match the verb with the sport. A verb can have more than one match.

1) to throw a) football/soccer
2) to kick b) American football
3) to catch c) table tennis
4) to run d) polo
5) to serve e) baseball
6) to tackle f) volleyball
7) to ride g) basketball
8) to hit h) golf

3. Listen to the sentences. Select the correct past tense verb being said.
1. The baseball player throwed/threw the ball to second base.
2. The football player kicked/kick the ball into the goal.
3. The volleyball player catched/caught the ball instead of volleying it.
4. The basketball players runned/ran back and forth all of the game.
5. I served/sorved very well last night when I played ping pong with my
brother.
6. The rugby player tackled/tickled his opponent to the ground.
7. The polo player rided/rode his horse the whole game.
8. The golf player hitted/hit his ball into the pond.

4. a) Read Aigul’s opinion about sports. Answer

the question.

Playing sports is fun, but it can be great exercise

as well! We should exercise regularly to be healthy.
The more active the sport, the more exercise
you get. However, some sports can be dangerous
and cause injuries. In your opinion, which sports
are better for your health?

19
 4. b) Rank each sport from 1 to 10 with 1 being the least active sport
and 10 being the most active sport. Do again for dangerous. Compare your
results in class.
basketball volleyball football rugby tennis
baseball golf polo ice skating table tennis

5. a) Study the table to learn which verbs to use for sports.

play go do
use for team and ball sports use -ing sports no equipment sports
baseball dancing aerobics
table tennis ice skating karate
hockey swimming gymnastics
golf golfing exercise

E x c e p t i o n : do not use go with boxing, fencing, or weight training.

The word make is not used with sports.

5. b) Complete the gaps with the correct tense of the words play, go, or do.
1. Do you like to football in the snow?
2. Have you ever ice skating in Bishkek?
3. Next summer my family and I will swimming at the lake.
4. She wants to table tennis with her friends.
5. Last year, my brother basketball for his school team.
6. Has she ever gymnastics before?
7. Where do you dancing?
8. Have they ever American football?
9. He running every morning for exercise.
10. Last year, I karate competitively.
11. What kind of exercise do you ?
12. I can’t talk right now, I’m cricket.
13. Last week I fishing with my father.
Glossary
rugby (n.) — a game where two teams are trying to throw an oval ball
tackle (v.) — throw down or stop (an opposing player with the ball) in football
helmet (n.) — hard or padded protective hat
pads (n.) — something soft used for protection or comfort
opponent (n.) — person against one in a fight, game, debate, etc.

20
cricket (n.) — a sport in which two teams of eleven players each try to score points
bat (n.) — a club used for hitting a ball in various games
complicated (adj.) — in a way that is difficult to understand
active (adj.) — to do something physically or mentally
competitively (adj.) — win something by defeating others
paddles [ˈpædəlz] (n.) — used for moving a small boat
serve [sɜːv] (v.) — to provide food or drinks
hit (v.) — to strike hard or be hit (by someone or something)
dangerous (adj.) — full of danger or risk

Lesson 3

1. Read or listen to the text and answer the questions from exercise 2a.
Virus infections can cause a wide range of symptoms like coughing,
runny nose, body aches, headache, chills, a high temperature, and sometimes
diarrhoea. Viruses are thought to spread from person to person from cough
droplets and sneezes. You might catch viruses from objects you touch where
a person had just coughed or sneezed on. But if you have family members
who could be sick and you have to take care of him (her) at home, there are
some rules for you:
Visit a health care provider to diagnose symptoms and if needed,
prescribe what antiviral medications should be taken.
Isolate from others as much as possible. This is to help others not to get
sick. Do not go to work or school while ill.
Rest as much as possible at home.
Drink warm liquids or water to keep from being dehydrated.
Cover coughs and sneezes. Wash hands often with soap and water.
If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub.
Check with a health care provider about any special care they might
need if they are pregnant or have a health condition such as diabetes,
heart disease, asthma, or emphysema.
Wear a facemask, when sharing common spaces with other household
members to help prevent spreading the virus to others.

21
 Don’t have visitors in the first five days. A phone call is safer than
a visit.
Avoid being face-to-face with the sick person and avoid kissing him
or touching his clothes.
To keep your whole family healthy, try to lead a healthy lifestyle at any
age. Eat healthy food, walk, take care of each other, love and take care
of yourself and the nature around you.
Glossary
wide range (phr.) — a large number
chill (v.) — feeling of cold
diarrhoea (n.) — it is a disease due to loose or watery stools (faeces)
spread (v.) — to place (things) over a large area
droplets (n.) — a small drop
health care provider (phr.) — a nurse, a doctor
antiviral (adj.) — any drug used to treat diseases
dehydrated (adj.) — to lose water or body fluids
available (adj.) — able to do something at free time
pregnant (n.) — a woman who is having a child inside
diabetes (n.) — a disease that causes high blood sugar
emphysema (n.) — a disease of the lung

2. a) Read the text again, answer the questions and discuss them with your
partner.
1. Have you ever had a virus infection?
2. If you had the flu, what kind of symptoms did you have?
3. Did you go to the hospital, or did a health care provider visit you?
4. Have you ever taken care of someone in your family who was sick? How?
5. Does washing hands really prevent the spread of viruses? How?

2. b) Good for you or bad for you? Write G or B.

1. healthy food G
2. being face-to-face with sick person
3. drink water
4. smoke
5. eat fattening food
6. drinking alcohol

22
 7. wear a facemask in hospital
8. exercise
9. take medicine without prescription
10. isolate if someone is sick
Language Focus

Past Perfect Tense Usage: Action that ends before another past action

Subject + auxiliary verbs had + past participle form of main verb + another
past action or known time

Positive Negative Question

I/We/They/You/He/ They hadn’t done Had she/they seen it before?

She/It had slept before their homework
Yes, she/they had.
the sun came up. in time for the test.
No, she/they hadn’t.

3. Complete the sentences in correct form of the verb in parentheses by using

Language Focus before.
a) When I came home, my dish washer had washed (to wash) all the dishes.
b) When I came, my daughter (to eat) all that I
(to cook) for her.
c) He (to buy) the new house before his family arrived
from Kiev.
d) She offered to introduce me to his brother Aibek, but it wasn’t necessary.
I (meet, already) him.
e) I woke up at 5 o’clock this morning, I wasn’t sleepy. I
(sleep, already) for nine hours.
f) Last Friday we wanted to fly to Dubai. When we came to the airport, we
were too late. The plane (already, leave).

Lessons 4–5

1. a) Look at the pictures on the next page, answer the question and discuss
with your group.
1. Do you have a first aid kit at home or in your car?
2. What is in the kit? How often do you use it?
3. Look at the pictures. Do you know all these items?
4. Describe these items to your partners.

23
 1.
Sunscreen
2.
Insect repellent
3.
Cold compress
15 4.
Travel tablets
5.
Face mask
10
6.
Antiseptic wipes
13 9 7.
Toothpaste
8.
Soap
6 9.
Alcohol-based
3 hand sanitizer
10. Bandage
11. Aspirin
16
12 12. Scissors
13. Emergency blanket
14. Thermometer
11 2 15. Safety pins
1 17
16. First aid kit
4 17.Shampoo
7

8
5
14

1. b) Pretend you are going to travel with your own car and you have to take
a first aid kit. Look with the group in the picture above and choose the 5 most
necessary items that you will take for the trip. Explain why they are more
important than the other items.
2. Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 1a.
a) Today is so hot and my skin is burnt! I forgot to spread sunscreen
on my body.
b) Oh, mosquitoes bother me so much! Please, give me .
c) She was cooking yesterday then picked up a hot pan and burnt herself.
She put an on her hand.
d) My son is afraid of flying on the plane. He should take
before flying.
e) Today, I am sneezing and coughing. I am wearing my ,
but I need to clean my hands with .
f) Every morning I wash my hair with and brush my
teeth with .
g) Wash hands often with and water. If
and water are not available, use .
h) My brother cut his finger last week. He cried, because it was very painful.
I washed his hand with running water and covered it with .
i) I have a terrible headache. I will go to the pharmacy right now to buy
some .

24
 3. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use the correct form of the
verb and words from exercise 1a.
1. Last weekend,
2. Before,
3. Three years ago,
4. Last summer,
5. Yesterday evening,
6. Last month,
7. Yesterday at 5 o’clock,

4. Discuss the questions.

1. Do you know ordinal numbers?
2. Where do you use ordinal numbers?
3. Do you know how to spell them?
4. Listen to the audio and practise the correct pronunciation.
Language Focus

Ordinal Numbers Usage: To order and position items or people

• 1st = first, 51st = fifty-first

He won first prize. She lives on Fifty-first Street.
• 2nd = second, 22nd = twenty-second
We live on the 2nd floor. Today’s the 22nd.
• 3rd = third, 63rd = sixty-third
Turn right at the third light. Turn to the 63rd page.
• 4th = fourth
It’s her fourth birthday.
All numbers not ending in 1, 2, or 3 end with th.
Spell out the ordinal numbers (first, second, third, fourth…) in formal writing
like for business letters and job applications.
You can write them in numbers form (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...) for informal writing like
letters to friends, e-mails to colleagues, and social media comments.

5. Complete the sentences with ordinal numbers writing out the whole word.
1. Did you know that Americans say (9) grade, which is the same
as Year 10 in the U. K.?
2. I’m planning to leave on the (7) of January.
3. I’m (2) in queue after this person.
4. I bought this sunscreen for the (5) time.
5. Louis the (13) became king of France in 1610 upon
the death of his father.

25
 6. John Biden officially became the (46) President
of the United States in 2021.
7. On April (12), 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the (1)
person in world history to fly into outer space.
8. The (21) century is the period from January (1),
2001 to December (31), 2100, according to the Gregorian
calendar, which is also the (1) century of the (3)
millennium.
9. Our agent sold the (23) house this year.
10. I didn’t know that if you order five pizzas, you get the
(6) one for free.

Lesson 6

1. a) Look at the picture below. What do you see? Where is this? Who are the
people? What equipment do you see?

26
 1. b) Find the following items in the picture.
doctor plaster cast stretcher X-ray
patient syringe IV bag mask
nurse bandage waiting room crutches
surgeon wheelchair operation theatre

2. Listen and read. Ruslan is talking to Nazgul. Based on the dialogue,

match the vocabulary word with the correct definition in exercise 3.
R u s l a n : Hello, Nazgul.
N a z g u l : Hi, Ruslan. How are you? I heard you went to the hospital
yesterday. Is everything alright?
R u s l a n : Well, my brother fell out of a tree. He broke his leg.
N a z g u l : Oh, no! Is he okay?
R u s l a n : He is now, but he was in a lot of pain yesterday. When we took
him to the hospital, the doctor said he needed to get an X-ray
to see where his bone was broken.
N a z g u l : Was your brother scared?
R u s l a n : Yes, that was his first X-ray. I told him he wouldn’t feel it. He
did feel the injection the doctor gave him for his pain. My brother
started to cry as soon as he saw the syringe. He hates injections.
N a z g u l : Me too! I shut my eyes real tight when the doctor gives me
vaccinations. Did you brother get a cast?
R u s l a n : Yes, and he needs to walk with crutches for a few weeks.
N a z g u l : Well, I guess he won’t be climbing trees for a while.

3. Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition.

a) unpleasant feeling from
injury or illness
1. fell (past tense
of fall) b) medicine or vaccine inserted
into body through a syringe
2. broke (past
tense of break) c) part of the skeleton
3. pain d) bandage stiffened with
plaster
4. bone
e) went down quickly
5. scared
f) modified virus to prevent
6. injection
illness
7. vaccination
g) afraid
8. cast
h) separated in two or more
pieces

27
 Language Focus

Might and Present Perfect Tense Usage: Completed action at a specific

time in the past

This is commonly used in unreal conditionals (type 3).

E x a m p l e s : It might have been warmer yesterday, so I didn’t go outside.
(Perhaps it was warm or maybe not.)
She might have gone to hospital if her temperature did not
go down. (In this case, there was a possibility of going to the
hospital, but it did not happen.)

4. Complete each sentence using the Language Focus before. Choose from
these verbs in the box.
to go to bite to develop to receive
to choose to take to leave

1. He might have gone to hospital if he broke his leg.

2. She medicine for the pain if the doctor gave her
a prescription.
3. You the vaccination last week, instead of being sick now.
4. I was so afraid of this dog. It last time.
5. Where are my glasses? I didn’t find them at home. I them
in a taxi.
6. I my English if I wasn’t so busy at work.
7. I a different place to live if I knew that polluted air
attacked my health.

5. Make your own sentences about your life by using may/might. What might
you have done or might not if you have a chance to change?
E x a m p l e : I might not have gone boxing if I knew that it was so painful.
I might…

Optional Class Project. Research about disabilities and disabled children

in your country. What are examples of disabilities? Can disabled people work?
What are the ways of including children with disabilities in society? Share
your results with class.

28
 STOP AND CHECK 1

1. All the sentences contain a mistake or two. Find and correct the mistakes. Do
not change the time words.
E x a m p l e : I no like spiders. — I don’t like spiders.
1. I am not knowing my neighbour’s name.
2. Does she going to school?
3. She did not spoke English in class yesterday.
4. They readed many books last month.
5. When will you sleep yesterday?
6. I always are coming to class on time.
7. Does Aigul has a car?
8. I might have go to the doctor if my temperature rose too high.
9. What you like to do in your free time?
10. Do you improve your English last year?
11. We always uses sunscreen.
12. We has not been to the hospital since last year.

2. Complete the sentences with the given verbs.

1. to come
a) Aibek comes to the room every day.
b) Aibek doesn’t to football practice on Fridays.
c) Aibek to the room yesterday.
d) Aibek might have to class if he wasn’t ill.
2. to decide
a) We which road to take every day.
b) We which road to take last night.
c) We didn’t which road to take. You did.
d) We might have to help him yesterday if he had asked for help.
3. to be
a) They tired after work every day.
b) They tired after work yesterday.
c) they tired after playing volleyball all day?
d) They might have tired if they stayed up late watching
movies.
4. not/to swim
a) Polly in the pool every day.
b) Doesn’t she in the pool on Wednesdays?
c) Polly in the pool yesterday.
d) She might not have in the lake if it was too cold.

29
3. Write the words for the definitions.
vacation kick helmets (× 2) dangerous
unforgettable holidays tackle

a) It’s an adjective. It describes something or an experience you will always

remember. My very first day of school was !
b) It’s a noun. When you do not go to school or work, you are on .
c) It’s a noun. When you travel away from home, you are on .
d) It’s a verb. It means “to take the ball from the other team.” In rugby and
American football, players the other players to the ground
to get the ball.
e) It’s a verb. It means “to move something with your feet.” In football,
players the ball into the goal to score points.
f) It’s an adjective. It means “not safe.” Some sports are safe, but many can
be .
g) It’s a noun. It is what you wear on your head, like a hat, for safety.
Football players do not wear , but American football players
must wear .

4. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
a) The nurse (to come) to give you an injection now.
b) My child is so restless, he sometimes (fall) down from the
stairs when he plays on them.
c) Our government (provide) the vaccination for the population
at the hospital for free.
d) I cut my finger. I (look) for my first aid kit. Do you know
where is it?
e) She (get) the flu. She needs to rest and drink water.
f) A pregnant woman (carry) a baby for nine months.
g) My mother always (take) a pill for her headache.

5. Write ordinal numbers in letters.

a) 18th — eighteenth g) 56th —
b) 2nd — h) 74th —
c) 12th — i) 16th —
d) 24th — j) 15th —
e) 41st —
f) 33rd —

30
6. Fill in the blank with the correct word.
vaccinations scared cast bone
injection broke pain X-ray

Ruslan went to the hospital last week. His brother (1) his leg
when he fell from the tree. The (2) in his leg was completely broken.
His brother cried because he was in a lot of (3) . His leg hurt very
much. The doctor needed to take an (4) of the bone. This is a special
type of picture so doctors can see inside our bodies. Ruslan’s brother tried
to be brave, but he was very (5) and afraid. He cried some more
when he saw the doctor with a syringe to give him an (6) . Most
(7) that help to prevent diseases are also injections. The doctor then
put a (8) around his leg so the bone will heal correctly. Ruslan’s
brother will have to walk with crutches for several weeks until his leg is
completely healed.
UNIT 3: OPEN THE DOOR TO AMERICA!
In this unit you will:
• learn about American landmarks;
• practise asking information questions;
• discuss differences between American and British English words and
spelling;
• learn about New York City and Washington, D.C. tourist attractions;
• use definite and indefinite articles;
• use comparatives and superlatives;
• compare Kyrgyz and American tourism;
• learn about American culture.

Lesson 1

1. Answer the questions and discuss with the whole class.

a) What is the USA? Where is it located?
b) What can you tell about the USA?
c) Do you have friends or relatives from America?
d) Do you want to live or study in the USA? Why?

2. a) Match the landmarks using the following choices.

Liberty Bell Mt. Rushmore Golden Gate Bridge
The White House Gateway Arch Hoover Dam
Washington Monument Statue of Liberty

a b

c d

32
 e f g h

2. b) Match the following descriptions with the landmarks given.

1. Its main purpose is to control the Colorado river, also called Boulder
Dam, at the Arizona — Nevada border. It was built between 1930 and 1936,
it is the highest concrete arch dam in the United States.
2. Standing at 630 feet, it is the tallest national monument in the United
States. The construction began in 1963 and completed in 1965. People
enjoy spending time and viewing the Mississippi River and the arch from
below.
3. It is known as “Liberty enlightening the world”. This landmark was
designed by French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi. It was a gift of friendship
from the people of France to the people of the United States and was
dedicated on October 28, 1886.
4. It is famous as a symbol of the Presidency, the United States Government
and the American people. It was ordered from London’s Whitechapel
Foundry in 1751, and it weighs roughly 660 kg. It cracked the first time
American lawmakers rang it.
Language Focus

Information Questions Usage: To ask for information other than yes or no answers

An information question is a question that asks for information by using one

of the question words: where, when, why, whom, what, which, whose, how.
Question word Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Rest of sentence

What have you bought in the shop?

Where is she going to sleep?

Why did they come here?

33
 Language Focus Usage
When the question word who, whose or what is the subject of the question, don’t
use a auxiliary verb.
Whose book is on the table? It is my book.
Who loves you? My mom loves me.
What happened there? The accident happened there.

3. Listen and put what, who, when, where, why, etc. in the blank. Find
the appropriate answers.
1. Who can talk about extreme sports? f
2. is the place where you can buy medicine?
3. job is to care for sick people in a hospital?
4. are you here?
5. am I?
6. is necessary for human life?
7. long does it take you to get to Naryn from Bishkek?
8. is your phone number?
9. lives in a farmhouse?
10. is that thin man?
a) Most importantly, it is air and water f) Our sport coach.
b) You are in Talas. g) Because I miss you.
c) They do. h) He’s my brother.
d) It takes 4 hours by car. i) A nurse’s.
e) The chemist’s. j) It’s 0776 123456.

4. Work in pairs. Create questions and ask your partner. Use frequency
expressions from the box when you answer to questions.
E x a m p l e : eat dinner with friends at the restaurant.
A: How often do you eat with friends at the restaurant?
B: About twice a week.

a lot
every
not very often
once a
almost never day/week/month/year
twice a
never
five times a
hardly ever

1. Play football 6. Go to Issyk-Kul for holiday

2. Get on the Internet 7. See photos and videos on Instagram
3. Buy food for family 8. Clean the house
4. Attend a wedding 9. Get your haircut
5. Drive a car 10. Comment on somebody’s post on Facebook

34
 5. Read the answers and circle the correct question words to complete
the sentences. Work in pairs. Ask the questions from your partner
and write answers.
1. What time does/when will you school start and finish?
Our school starts at 8:00 am and finishes at 1:00 pm.
2. Which days/how long do you go to school?
I go to school from Monday to Friday.
3. Who/whom do you sit next to in class?
I usually sit with my friend Perizat.
4. How often/when do you visit your grandparents?
Not very often.
5. Which/how many books do you read a month?
One or two.
6. How big/how tall is your apartment?
It has four rooms.
7. How well/how soon does she speak English?
Very well.
8. How much/how many times a day do you eat?
Three or four.
9. How long/how far does it take to cook rice?
20 minutes.
10. When/where do you usually talk to your friend on the phone?
In the evenings.

Lesson 2

1. a) Choose the British and American equivalents. Mark them B for British
and A for American.

2 4

3
5

black cab flat crips pants sweets

taxi apartment chips trousers candy

35
6 7 8 10

trunk film truck trainers garden

boot movie lorry sneakers yard

1. b) Work with a group, search the Internet for differences in British

and American English, and find British and American words in 5 minutes.
Each group writes their own words on the board, so the group with the most
words, correctly spelled, will win.
2. Look at the words and listen to the American or British spelling. Can you
hear differences of pronunciation between two words?

British American

neighbour neighbor
favourite favorite
centre center
apologise apologize
defence defense
dreamt dreamed
traveller traveler
grey gray
litre liter

3. a) Read the text. Talk with a partner and explain to each other what
accent you prefer.
English is considered one of the most spoken languages in the world.
It is native to more than 400 million people on our planet, and at least 1 billion
people can speak English fluently. Many people know that American and
British English differ in many ways: spelling, pronunciation, and word choice.
Both dialects use slang terms, but they are different. Americans do not speak
as formally as the British. You can often come across words that are spelled
exactly the same, but have different meanings in America and the United
Kingdom. For example, in the UK, if you need to use the underground mode

36
of transport and you ask a passerby: “Could you tell me the way to the nearest
subway station?” You might get directions to an underground walkway since
that is what subway means to the British. But their metro is underground,
so they call it The Underground or The Tube.
Another example of same words but different meanings are the verbs
to hire and to rent. Both words mean “to pay for the use of something.”
In Britain, the verb to rent is used mainly when it comes to long-term rent
like to rent a house or a flat. To hire is used when talking about a short-term
rental like to hire a bicycle or car. However, the expression to rent a car
is increasingly used in Britain. In America, the word to rent is used to pay
for the use of anything short or long-term. To hire is essentially to give a job
to somebody, like to hire a waitress.
Of course, it all depends on the circumstances, but if you are not going
to live in the United States, it is definitely recommended to study British
English. British English is widely accepted because you need to pass most
of the standardised international tests. If you study British English, you
will be understood anywhere in the world. That is why textbooks teaching
English as a foreign language use British spellings and terms. However,
many people choose to learn American English because it is used in many
popular films and songs. Which do you prefer?
Glossary

to be considered (v.) — to consider / think carefully about (something)

slang (n.) — very informal words or phrases used in spoken language
a passerby (n.) — a person who is walking past someone or something
short-term rental (n.) — typically when you take something for money for a few
nights or weeks at most
increasingly (adv.) — developing more and more
essentially (adv.) — basically
circumstances (n.) — conditions or facts that affect a situation which you don’t
expect
standardised (v.) — make things have the same features or quality

3. b) Look at the text again and answer the questions below.

1) In what ways do American and British English differ?
2) How many people can speak English fluently?
3) Is it better to learn British or American English?
4) When you listen to music or watch a movie, what accent is easier
to understand?

37
 Hello, everyone! From Lesson 1, you gained
more knowledge about the differences between
American and British accents. Now, let’s check what
you have managed to remember in 10 minutes
from reading the text. Let’s do the test.

4. Circle the answer that best matches the meaning of each underlined
word.
1. Does the subway go all the way to the airport or do I have to take a bus?
a) American b) British
2. She was wearing a three-piece suit: jacket, waistcoat, and trousers.
a) American b) British
3. When we were children, my brothers used to feed me with French fries
when nobody was looking.
a) American b) British
4. Let’s watch a movie!
a) American b) British
5. His apartment is on the second floor.
a) American b) British
6. I was still in the lorry when you called me.
a) American b) British
7. Your black cab is standing at the corner.
a) American b) British

Lessons 3–4

This is my sister Aiperi. She went to America

to study Economics at a university in Maryland.
New York City and Washington, D. C. are located
not too far away, so she toured those places during
her holiday.

38
 1. Listen to the dialogue between Aigul and her sister Aiperi. Discuss with
partner 'What's the most famous city in the United States?'.
A i g u l : Aiperi, I’m so glad you are home! I missed you while you were
studying in America.
A i p e r i : I missed you, too. I did have an amazing time, though.
A i g u l : Did you have a more amazing time than we had it in Moscow?
A i p e r i : I loved our Moscow trip. I don’t know which is better. Both
experiences were so different but both were wonderful!
Aigul: I liked the pictures you posted on Instagram. My most favourite one
was in front of the New York statue. What is that statue called?
A i p e r i : Oh, the Statue of Liberty. Before aeroplanes, people sailed on big
ships from Europe to America. Immigrants sailed to New York
City to begin their new lives in “The New World” — that was what
America was called. The Statue of Liberty was the first thing they
saw welcoming them.
A i g u l : Was that the first thing you saw when you arrived in New York?
A i p e r i : No, we took the train to Pennsylvania Station in New York
City — they call it “Penn Station.” It’s a beautiful train station.
From there, we walked to the Empire State Building. It is one of
New York’s oldest skyscrapers.
A i g u l : Is it the tallest building in New York?
A i p e r i : It was the tallest building in the world for many years. Not
anymore, though.
A i g u l : So, when did you see the Statue of Liberty?
A i p e r i : From there we took the subway to Grand Central Station. This
is a very famous station you see in a lot of American movies.
We needed to check into our hostel in Chinatown. Then we went
to see the Statue of Liberty.
A i g u l : You stayed in a hotel in Chinatown didn't you?
A i p e r i : No, not in a hotel. A hostel. It’s more affordable than a hotel.
In a hostel, you share a room and bathroom with other travellers.
A i g u l : And then you went to see the statue?
A i p e r i : Yes, we walked to Battery Park and then took a ferry boat
to the island that the statue is on. It was so much fun!
Glossary
amazing (adj.) — surprising and wonderful
experiences (n.) — unforgettable events
immigrants (n.) — people who come to live permanently in a foreign country
skyscrapers (n.) — very tall buildings over 100 metres in height
subway (n.) — in North America, an underground electric train
hostel (n.) — lower-priced guesthouse where travellers share rooms
ferry (n.) — a boat or ship that takes passengers or goods over a short distance

39
 2. From the dialogue, write the name of the New York tourist attraction below
each picture.
Empire State Building Grand Central Station Battery Park
Statue of Liberty Chinatown

a) b) c)

d) e)

3. Finish the table using the correct form of the adjective. See “Comparatives
and Superlatives” in Language Focus if needed on the next page.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

big bigger the biggest

wonderful more wonderful the most wonderful
tall
affordable
hot
nice
popular
favourite
hungry

40
 Language Focus

Comparative and Superlative Sentences Usage: To compare nouns

A comparative sentence compares one noun with another noun.

Comparative

Subject + verb + adjective(er) + than + object.

Subject + verb + more + adjective + than + object.
E x a m p l e : The Sahara desert is hotter than the North Pole.
The white dress is more beautiful than the red one.

A superlative sentence compares one noun with the rest of its kind.
Superlative

Subject + verb + the + adjective(est) + rest of sentence.

Subject + verb + the most + adjective + rest of sentence.
E x a m p l e : The Mojave Desert is the hottest desert in America.
Anna is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

4. Finish the two sentences for each adjective (a comparative and a superlative).
1. tall
a) The Central Park Tower is taller than the Empire State Building.
b) In 2010, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai became building
in the world.
2. funny
a) In my opinion, Shrek is Kung Fu Panda.
b) My brother thinks Sponge Bob Square Pants is cartoon.
3. affordable
a) Hostels are hotels.
b) Can you tell me where hostel in New York is?
4. far
a) America is from Kyrgyzstan than Europe.
b) Neptune is planet from the earth.
5. fat
a) Bears are than lions.
b) According to a news article about percentage of fat in animals, blue
whales are animals in the world.

5. a) Listen to the text about Washington, D.C.

5. b) Read the text as a class.
Washington, D. C. is a “must see” when visiting America. This historical
place is the capital of the United States of America, where the American
president lives and American laws are made. Tourists can visit the White House,

41
the US Capitol building, museums, the zoo, so many interesting and historical
monuments. It is impossible to visit everything in one day.
What many tourists find surprising is that the majority of the tourist
attractions are free, like the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian is not just one
museum, but 16 museums and art galleries. The Smithsonian also has a zoo.
Tourists can visit all the Smithsonian attractions without paying a fee, including
the zoo. Most of the Smithsonian museums are located in an area called the Mall
that is situated between the US Capitol and the Washington Monument. The
Washington Monument is the tall white Egyptian marble tower that is shown
in many movies that take place in Washington, D. C. From the Washington
Monument, tourists can walk to the large statue of Abraham Lincoln next
to the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool. This pool is not for swimming.
When tourists stand at the Lincoln Memorial, they can see the Washington
Monument’s reflection in the pool.
These are just a few of the free attractions tourist can enjoy while visiting
America’s capital.

6. Read the sentences about the above text. Determine if these sentences
are True or False. Rewrite false sentences to make them true.
a) The President of the Unites States of America lives in Washington, D. C.
b) Tourist can see all tourist attractions in Washington, D. C. in one day.
c) The Smithsonian museums are the most expensive museums in the world.
d) It is too far to walk from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln
Memorial.
e) Tourists can visit the Smithsonian National Zoo for free.

7. Find a partner and discuss which place you would like to visit more:
New York City or Washington, D. C. Explain why.

Lesson 5

1. a) Read the text and discuss it with your partner. Which country do
you want to visit? Why?
1. b) Complete the text by putting the articles a or the. Listen to the audio
and check your answer with articles.
1. The United States of America has everything for any kind of traveller.
For nature lovers, America has forests to camp in, deserts to explore,
mountains to climb, beaches to lounge in, and caves to discover. America
is home to the largest canyon in the world, the Grand Canyon, and the world’s
most massive trees in the Redwood Forest where 2. car can drive through
one tree.

42
 America has 3. world’s most famous and visited amusement park Disney
World. At amusement parks, families enjoy children rides, rollercoasters,
tasty food, and watch 4. amusing. Although America is not as old
as European and Asian countries, history buffs can enjoy browsing through
museums and monuments in historic places like Philadelphia, Washington,
D. C., New York City, and Boston. Those interested in learning more about
America’s Civil War should visit 5. southern states like Virginia, South
Carolina, and Mississippi. Tourists who love the entertainment industry
love to visit Hollywood, California to find 6. famous actor and New
York City to see famous Broadway musicals. Beach enthusiasts can surf
on California shores, swim on any of the several beaches in Florida, catch
lobster in Maine, or have 7. island adventure in Hawaii. American
tourism has something for everyone.
Kyrgyzstan will amaze any traveller. This country is 8. a real paradise
for those who like extreme sports, for tourists who love the silence
of beautiful nature, and for cultural researchers. Horseback riding, skiing,
and relaxing on 9. shores of Lake Issyk-Kul as well as hiking to the peaks
of 10. Tien-Shan can all be done by 11. tourist coming to Kyrgyzstan.
Tourists have the opportunity to be close to the life of the Kyrgyz
people and the traditions of local residents. Many tourists are interested
in 12. world of nomadic people and see incredible landscapes that
are not found anywhere else on 13. planet. Archaeological monuments
and petroglyphs can be seen as the secrets of the history of Kyrgyzstan.
Local markets today are similar to medieval bazaars of cities passing
along 14. Great Silk Road. Visiting yurt camps and local festivals
will give you the opportunity to see the traditional nomadic lifestyle
of 15. Kyrgyz person.
Glossary
amusement park (n.) — a large area with many types of entertainment like rides,
shows, food, and games
history buff (n.) — a person who has a special interest in historical facts or places
monument (n.) — a building or statue of historical importance
broadway musical (n.) — a play including songs located in the theatre district
of New York City
enthusiast (n.) — a person very interested in an activity or subject
paradise (n.) — a place of perfect beauty
researcher (n.) — someone who studies a subject in detail
resident (n.) — someone who lives in a long-term place
nomadic (adj.) — living the life travelling from place to place rather than living
in one place all the time
landscape (n.) — everything you can see when you look across an area of land
medieval (adj.) — from the Middle Ages (perhaps circa 500 to circa 1500 CE)

43
 Hello, my friends! Today I am really thrilled
to see you! Are you ready to play an activity
with me? Have you ever taken part in a Venn
diagram of differences and similarities activity?
If not, I think it is time to do it today. I hope you
enjoy it.

2. With your group, think about all the ways tourism is similar and different
between Kyrgyzstan and the United States of America. In the Venn diagram
below, write the ways tourism is different in the outer sections of the circles
and the ways tourism is similar where the circles overlap.
American tourism similar Kyrgyz tourism

Broadway Musicals Swimming at a beach Yurt camps

Language Focus

Articles A, An, and The Usage: To indicate a noun with no description

The is used to point out a count noun

A is used before singular count nouns
that we already know about it or is of
that begin with a consonant sound.
common knowledge.
I saw a girl on the street
The girl standing at the corner
Do you have a pencil?
is our friend.
The earth is round.
An is used before singular count
nouns that begin with a vowel sound
Normally, words such as breakfast,
(not always a vowel letter).
lunch, dinner, school, home, college,
Would you like an apple? and work do not use any article.
Let’s eat lunch in an hour. E x a m p l e : They ate breakfast
Is that an umbrella? at seven o’clock
this morning.
NOTE: the word university is I am at home now.
pronounced with the consonant /j/
sound so the article a is used.
Have you chosen a university
to study at?

44
 3. In the following sentences insert the articles (a, an, or the) if they are
necessary. If no article is necessary, leave the space blank.
a) Aibek’s father bought him bicycle that he had wanted for his
birthday.
b) Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France
to United States.
c) She is studying English and Maths this semester.
d) Please, give me cup of coffee with cream and sugar.
e) big books on table are for my Russian class.
f) No one in English class knew correct answer to Mrs.
Perizat’s questions.
g) His car is four years old, and it still runs well.
h) When you go to store, please buy bottle of chocolate
milk and dozen oranges.
i) There are only few seats left for tonight’s musical at
university.
j) Lake Erie is one of five Great Lakes in North America.
k) On our trip to Italy, we crossed Atlantic Ocean.
l) Mount Rushmore is the site of magnificent tribute to
four great American presidents.

Lesson 6

1. Look at the picture. Answer the questions.

a) What do you see in the picture?
b) What are people doing there?
c) What is the name of this office?
d) Have you ever been there?

45
 2. a) Read the letter Aiperi sent to her English teacher while she was studying
in America.
Dear Ms. Davis,
Thank you for recommending me for the exchange student program.
I am having a wonderful time in America. My host family is so kind and they
love to teach me about American culture. Did you know most families wear
their shoes inside homes? Of course, you do know since you are from America.
At first, I thought it was disgusting, but then I realised that everywhere
I walked outside was clean. Sidewalks and public restrooms are clean,
so my shoes don’t get really dirty. I also noticed that everyone shakes hands
when first meeting someone as they say, “It’s nice to meet you,” but they don’t
shake hands for every greeting. Women greet their friends with hugs, not
kisses. And they smile a lot. Sometimes, someone I don’t know will smile and
say “Hi” to me even though I have never met them. My host family taught
me about tipping. When I go to a cafe, I should leave extra money for the food
server. It was very confusing at first, but I saw that the service was really
good since they wanted a good tip. So far, my favourite part of America is
the diversity — so many different types of people here!
Love, Aiperi

2. b) Correct the sentences.

a) Aiperi’s host family is so rude and hates to teach her about American
culture.
Her host family is so kind and loves to teach her about American culture.
b) Most families in America wear their coats and hats inside their homes.

c) Aiperi realised that everywhere she walked outside was dirty.

d) She noticed that everyone shakes heads when first meeting someone.

e) Women greet their friends with hugs, kiss each other three times.

f) Aiperi’s host family taught her about bakshish.

g) Her favourite part of America is the monotonous life.

3. After reading Aiperi’s letter, write your own letter. Talk with your
partner whom do you wish to write letters to? What would you like to
write and where do you want to send it?

46
 4. Read sentences and make them into negative question sentences.
E x a m p l e : She is five years older than me.
Isn’t she five years older than me?
a) New York is much bigger than Boston.
b) France is a bigger country than Britain.
c) They are better players than we are.
d) The sea here is more beautiful than the sea in my country.
e) Your cooking is better than my cooking.
f) Arriving late is worse than arriving early.
g) Reading is more interesting than watching television.
h) Those houses are farther from here than from our house.
UNIT 4: OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
In this unit you will:
• discuss climate change;
• use passive voice;
• listen to how global warming affects drinking water;
• learn about different energy sources;
• determine when to use passive and active modals;
• discover and talk about recycling and reusing materials.

Lesson 1

1. a) Work with a partner and answer the questions.

1. What can you tell about the climate of Kyrgyzstan?
2. What is the weather usually in the summer in the region where you live?
How about winter?
3. How is the weather today? What temperature is it now?
4. Have you noticed the difference in the weather from last year?

1. b) Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning from the pictures.
1. Venice suffers from regular floods. d
2. The rain is pouring.
3. It was blowing a gale.
4. Ice is melting at the poles.
5. Northern Africa suffered one of the hottest heat waves last year.

b c
d

48
 2. a) Listen to the article about climate change and fill in each blank
with words from the box.
flooding cyclone heat waves disease
average release increased

It is a fact that the 1. temperature of the earth’s atmosphere

is rising. Over 85% of scientists agree that humans cause climate change.
Hotter summers, rising ocean
temperatures, melting polar ice,
and 2. strength
of gale activity lead our planet
to the changes in the weather.
In the polar regions, animals like
polar bears that live on polar ice
are now struggling to survive
as the ice melts. Forests are one of
the most important natural carbon
stores, so when forests are cut
down, they lose their ability to
store greenhouse gases. Burning
trees 3. even more carbon into the atmosphere. Climate change
has caused 4. and abnormal temperatures to begin to melt the
ice of the Arctic waters faster. This has caused sea levels to rise in other
parts of the globe like in Italy. This was especially seen in Venice, which
suffers from rising water levels in the canals and is under the threat
of 5. . Pouring rains and strong winds brought
a 6. and caused flooding in Venice, as well as in a number
of cities in northern and central Italy in 2021.
Because of these heat waves, agricultural production will fall slowly,
which is likely to lead to global famine in poor countries. The world will have
few supplies of drinking water, and some regions will suffer from drought
and 7. .
This is a small part of what is happening at the moment on our planet.
The most important question for us now is “What can I do to change
the climate for the better where I live?”

2. b) Read the text again and talk with your partner why you agree or disagree
with these statements.

Agree Disagree

Over 85% of scientists agree that humans cause climate

change.

49
 Agree Disagree

Polar bears are now struggling to survive as the ice melts.

When forests are cut down, they lose their ability to store
greenhouse gases.
Global climate change has caused sea levels to rise in Italy.
Heat waves and abnormal temperatures begin to melt
the ice of the Arctic waters faster.
Some regions will suffer from drought and disease because
of climate change all over the world

2. c) Discuss with class the last question from the text.

What can I do to change the climate for the better where I live?

2. d) Read Aigul’s opinion on climate change. Find the meaning of bold

words from the text.

Hello, everyone! I am very happy that you

discussed with the whole class about the climate
change today because it is very important for our
future life! Let’s work with your partner to find the
meaning of the words from the text yourselves this
time, and compare answers with the class. I think
it will help you better to remember new words.
Don’t forget to mention these words as a noun,
adjective, or verb.

Glossary
scientist (n.) — researcher; a person who is studying or has expert knowledge
lead (v.) — to go before or with to show the way
struggle (v.) — to try hard to do something difficult
flood (v.) — to be covered with water or river banks burst
average (n.) — to have a medial value of something
cyclone (n.) — a storm or system of winds like a tornado
release (v.) — to let go, to stop holding something or someone
disease (n.) — an illness or sickness that affects a person, animal, or plant
increase (v.) — becoming greater, raise step by step

50
 suffer (v.) — show the effects of something bad
supply (v.) — to give something to someone
threat (n.) — someone or something is a danger that something unpleasant might
happen to them
famine (n.) — a situation in which large numbers of people have little or no food

Lesson 2
1. Read and discuss with the class about The Passive Voice.
Language Focus

The Passive Voice Usage: Action is the focus of the sentence more than the subject

Subject + be + past participle

Positive Sentences
The whole cake was eaten.

Tanya ate the cake. (Tanya = subject, ate = verb, the cake = object)
Tanya is the focus — the subject of the sentence. If it is not important who
ate the cake, then the sentence changes to passive voice:
Examples

The cake was eaten. (The cake changes from object to subject and the verb
changes to the correct form of to be + past participle)
The focus is the action of the cake being eaten, not Tanya. Adding by Tanya
gives more information, but the focus is still on the fact that the cake
was eaten.

2. а) Match the sentences with the pictures.

1. The dog ate the cake. 4. His phone was stolen.
2. The cake was eaten. 5. He hid the gift.
3. Someone stole her phone. 6. The gift was hidden, but he found it.

c
d
e
f

51
 2. b) The passive voice can be used in all tenses. Look at the table below to
see the differences between the passive voice in Present Simple, Past Simple,
and Future Simple. Note that the verb to be uses the appropriate tense with
the past participle of the verb in focus. Change the sentences to passive voice
using the correct tense.

Present Simple The dog eats cake everyday. Cake is eaten everyday.
Past Simple The dog ate the cake. The cake was eaten.
Future Simple The dog will eat the cake. The cake will be eaten.

a) The factory polluted the river.

The river was polluted.
b) The children picked up the litter.
c) He filters the water everyday.
d) The schools will teach about global warming.
e) The villagers drink unsafe water.
f) People will download the Tazar app to find where to recycle materials
in Bishkek.

3. Passive voice is also used when we do not know who or what did the action.
Look at the pictures below and write a sentence in passive voice using the
given verb in past tense.
a) to paint b) to burn c) to open

d) to break e) to wash f) to make

4. a) Listen to the words used in the text from Exercise 5. Repeat the words.

52
 4. b) Listen and read the text about global warming and the environment.
Which of the sentences are in passive voice?
1. The temperature of our Earth’s
atmosphere is getting warmer and warmer.
2. The effects of global warming is seen
as icebergs melt and the level of oceans
and seas rise. 3. Scientists believe global
warming is caused by air pollution.
4. As the temperature rises in Central Asia,
the levels of water in lakes and rivers get
lower and lower. 5. Water is evaporated
more quickly when the weather is warmer.
6. As water decreases, the salt level
and the amount of algae in some lakes
increase. 7. This affects the quality
of drinking water. 8. Global warming also
causes flooding and landslides as mountain
glaciers melt too quickly. 9. Heavy rains
wash pesticides and bacteria from farms
into villagers’ drinking water. 10. Diarrhoea
and other illnesses are caused by these
types of contaminants in drinking water.
11. Many families have chosen to filter their drinking water using
special ceramic filters. 12. Global warming can be stopped if we can
learn how to keep our air clean.

5. Can you match the vocabulary word with the correct definition based on
the text in Exercise 4? Try to guess the definition based on context, the words
used in the text. Then, as a class, compare your answers.

1. atmosphere (n.) a) when a liquid turns into gas

2. icebergs (n.) b) type of pottery material

3. evaporated (v.) c) chemicals used to protect plants from insects

4. algae (n.) d) the layers of gases surrounding a planet

5. landslides (n.) e) movements of rock and earth down a hill

or mountain
6. pesticides (n.)
f) things that make something unclean or toxic
7. contaminants (n.)
g) organisms that look like plants
8. ceramic (adj.)
h) large floating ice

53
Lesson 3

1. Look at the World Air Quality chart that can be found on the webpage:
https://www.iqair.com/us/world-air-quality-ranking. Work with a partner
and answer the questions below.
21 november 2020
Major city US AQI

1 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 310

2 Delhi, India 200

3 Kabul, Afghanistan 190

4 Dhaka, Bangladesh 190

5 Lahore, Pakistan 171

1. What is this chart measuring?

2. What is the date of this chart?
3. Which city is first?
4. Which city is third?
5. What does being first mean?
6. In your opinion, why is Bishkek first?

2. Look at the pictures below. Listen to the audio and point to the picture
when you hear the word.
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy Non-renewable energy

Biogas

Oil Coal
Solar

Hydropower Nuclear
Geothermal Wind Natural gas

54
 3. Read the dialogue as a class. After each word in bold, discuss
the definition.
A igul: Jengesh, what are you learning at your university?
Jengesh: I’m learning about renewable energy sources.
A igul: What’s that?
Jengesh: So, do you know how we burn coal to heat our homes? Well, coal
and natural gas are energy sources, but they are non-renewable.
A igul: What does non-renewable mean?
Jengesh: It means that it not created as fast as it is used. For example,
coal is also called fossil fuel. Coal had been formed for thousands
of years, but we burn it very quickly.
A igul: And we burn a lot of it! I wonder how much coal is used
in Kyrgyzstan every year?
Jengesh: So much that it pollutes the air. Carbon dioxide has been released
from burning coal all these years. Too much carbon dioxide
in the air causes climate changes. That is why I’m learning about
renewable energy sources.
A igul: I think I know what some renewable energy sources are. Like
solar panels and wind turbines?
Jengesh: That’s correct! Right now I’m writing a paper about biogas.
A igul: What’s biogas?
Jengesh: Biogas takes waste, like cow dung, and puts in a special container
with no oxygen where it breaks up producing a gas that can be
used for cooking and heating.
A igul: Really? Wow! So, all you need is cow dung? That’s easy to find!
Can we produce biogas in Kyrgyzstan?
Jengesh: There are already a few biogas plants here. I read an article
about a man in Batken named Akbarali Zhoroev who built
the first biogas plant here. He collects the dung which turns
into biogas that he uses for his Texas Cafe. Enough gas will have
been produced to use for his cafe all year round. The dung turns
into fertiliser he uses for his cherry orchard.
A igul: Does burning biogas pollute the air?
Jengesh: It does produce some carbon dioxide, but not as much as coal.
A igul: Don’t our dams produce energy as well?
Jengesh: Yes, that’s called hydropower. Unfortunately, warmer weather
and mining has lowered our water levels each year.
A igul: And climate changes are happening because of air pollution.
Jengesh: That is why we need to use more renewable energy sources.
Glossary
renewable energy sources (plural n.) — power that can quickly be recharged
natural gas (n.) — gas that is found underground that can be used for fire
and energy

55
 Glossary
fossil fuel/coal (n.) — black rock made of ancient dead organisms that can
be burned for heat
to form (v.) — to shape or create
to pollute (v.) — to make unclean or harmful
carbon dioxide (n.) — (n.) heavy colourless gas that is formed from burning fuel
to release (v) — to allow something to move away or escape
solar panels (plural n.) — flat material that takes energy from sun and to be used
as an energy source
wind turbines (plural n.) — devices that produce energy by movement created
by wind
waste (n.) — leftover material that is not useful
dung (n.) — animal waste or manure
fertiliser (n.) — substance added to the ground to help grow plants
orchard (n.) — land planted with fruit trees
to produce (v.) — to make or cause something to happen
hydropower (n.) — electricity made by devices that produce energy by movement
created by falling water

4. a) Study the chart about passive voice and perfect tenses.

Language Focus

Passive Voice and Perfect Tenses Usage: Recent actions, experiences,

and ongoing situations

It is common to see passive voice used with perfect tenses in English text
and literature as well as in formal speech to talk about recent actions,
experiences, and ongoing situations. Just as with the simple tenses, the object
becomes the subject receiving the action. Perfect tenses use past participle,
so all that is added is the word been before the past participle verb.
Tense Active Passive

had + past participle had + been + past participle

Past Perfect The artist had formed Coal had been formed under
the statue out of clay. the ground for centuries.

have/has + past participle have/has + been + past participle

Present Perfect Dams have produced Hydropower has been produced

hydropower in Kyrgyzstan in Kyrgyzstan for decades.
for decades.

56
 Tense Active Passive

will have + past participle will have + been + past participle

The biogas plant will have Enough fertiliser for 200 hectares
Future Perfect produced enough fertiliser will have been produced
for 200 hectares of land by by the end of this year.
the end of this year.

4. b) Look back at the dialogue in exercise 3. Find three perfect tense

sentences in a passive voice.
4. c) Unscramble the sentences.
1. decreased / citywide quarantine. / Air / had / during / pollution / been
2. four / solar energy / been / Enough / hours of daylight. / will / produced /
have / in just
3. been / to heat / Coal / used / homes. / has
4. 200,000 / recycled. / of this month / bottles / been / plastic / By the end / will /
have
5. last / sheep / Four / hundred / had / year. / sold / been
6. every / have / Several / been / year. / sheep / sold

Lesson 4

1. Answer Aigul’s question and discuss it with your partner.

Hello! Today in our English lesson we will learn

about how to save our wild animals that live in the
forests and mountains of our country.

Have you ever thought about wild animals and

how they need people’s help to save them because
they are disappearing? Are they disappearing
because of hunting or because of climate change?

57
 2. Look at these pictures and discuss which of these wild animals live
in Kyrgyzstan. Choose with your partner which animal you know best
and present to the class information about it.
a yak a tiger a bear a jackal

a snow a wild boar a wolf a fox a jaguar

leopard
Language Focus
Passive Modal Auxiliaries Usage: Hypothetical or permissible action is the focus

Passive modal verb

Active modal verb
modal + be + past participle

Rustam can mail it. It can be mailed by Rustam.

Rustam could mail it. It could be mailed by Rustam.

Rustam must mail it. It must be mailed by Rustam.

Rustam has to mail it. It has to be mailed by Rustam.

Rustam may mail it. It may be mailed by Rustam.

Rustam might mail it. It might be mailed by Rustam.

58
 3. Change the sentences from active modal to passive modal.
a) Someone must translate this project immediately.
b) People cannot control the weather.
c) People should plant a lot of trees every year.
d) You can find wild animals in almost every part of the world.
e) People may not hunt wild animals when they see them.
f) If the river floods, water will destroy the village.
g) You must keep fire away from dry plants in the forest.
h) People shouldn’t tease a yak, it can hit them fatally.
i) Aybek might see the yak in the mountain.

4. Name Three game.

a) Divide the class into groups of three.
b) The teacher assigns each group: first, second, and third.
c) The first group picks a card to make a Name Three challenge by completing
the gap with the passive form of the verb in brackets.
d) Then a player from the first group reads out the challenge to the other
groups. If said correctly, they get one point.
e) The other groups race to answer by naming three things belonging to the
category.
f) The group to do this successfully scores one point.
g) That group then picks a card from their group and repeats the process
until all cards used or a set time made by the teacher.
h) The group with the most points at the end of the game is the winner.
i) Afterwards, have a feedback session to go through the questions and
possible answers with the class.
E x a m p l e : Name three books
that (make) into films.
T h e f i r s t p l a y e r : Can you tell us the names
of three books that were made
into films?
T h e g r o u p w h o c a n a n s w e r s a y s : Harry Potter, Jumanji, and
Twilight were made into films.
The first group

1 2 Name 3
Name Name
th ree things that three things that three ograms that
pr

(use) (invent) in the last (install)

by ar tists. 25 years. on ur computer.
yo

59
 4 Name 5 6 Name
Name
three spor ts that three anim als that three things that

(play) (find) (produce)

in teams. in Africa. in your country.

The second group

1 Name 2
three lan guages that
Name three 3 Name three
popular TV shows that
national dishes that
(speak) (watch)
in Europe. (eat)
in your country.
in your country.

4 5
Name Name 6 Name three
three singers who three films that
fruit trees that
(born) (show) in the cinema
in your country. this year. (grow)
in your country.

The third group

1 Name 2
three subjects that
Name three 3 Name three
milk products that
wi animals that
ld
(teach) (buy)
at your school. in the shop. (protect) on the top
of the mountains.

4 5
Name Name 6 Name three
three seafood that thre insects that
e
famous buildings that
(eat) (eat)
in cafes. (build) more then 50 ye
by frogs. ars
ago in your town.

60
 Lesson 5

1. There are many ways in which communities can help keep the environment
to be clean. Match the description of different conservation activities with
the correct picture.
1. It is estimated that one million
a
plastic bottles are made every minute
around the world! Communities all
over the world find creative ways to
reuse the bottles. This family in Talas
made a pipe for water to drain from
the roof to the trees.

2. Five trillion plastic bags are used

every year around the world! Plastic
bags can be seen littered in many b
places. People are encouraged
to bring their own reusable bag when
they go shopping.

3. Rainwater and snowmelt can

be collected and stored in containers
to use for watering gardens
and orchards. Some countries collect c
enough rain water to irrigate their d
fields.

4. Ever heard of plarn? Plarn is “plastic

yarn”. Some people knit bags, purses,
mats, and other handy items from
plastic bags.

5. Litter should be collected and e

put into rubbish bins. Too much
plastic on the ground is harmful
to the earth and animals. It also causes
a community to look ugly. People
should always put litter in rubbish
bins and not on the ground.

61
 2. Look through the statements in exercise 1 again. Use the words and phrases
in bold to complete the glossary below.
1. Estimate (v.) — to judge something with respect to its worth or to count.
2. (v.) — bring water to land, for crops or to wash a wound.
3. (n.) — a small piece of cloth, cardboard, or plastic.
4. (adj.) — the action or practice of using something again.
5. (adj.) — cause injury to someone or damage something.
6. (v.) — to give somebody support, courage, or hope.
7. (n.) — an area of land where fruit or nut trees are grown.
8. (n.) — a group of people living in the same place or a social
group.
9. (adj.) — producing or using original and unusual ideas.

3. Look back at exercise 1. In which sentences is the passive voice used?

Language Focus

The Passive Voice Sentence Forms

Subject + be + past participle

Positive Sentences
The whole cake was eaten.

Subject + be + not + past participle

Negative Sentences
The whole cake was not eaten.

Be + subject + past participle

Was the whole cake eaten?
Question
N o t e : The question Wasn’t the whole cake eaten?
is the same question and is commonly
used in English.

4. Change the sentence into a question using passive voice.

a) The rain was collected.
Was the rain collected?
b) The homework was done.
c) The animals were saved.
d) The lake was polluted.
e) The water is filtered.
f) The plants are fertilised.

62
 5. Look at the pictures and fill
in the blanks with the appropriate
question or answer using passive voice.
a) Was the rainwater collected?
No, the rainwater was not collected.
b) ?
No, the trash was not thrown away
correctly.
c) Have the plastic bottles been put
in the recycle bin?
.
d) ?
Yes, the air was polluted by burning
coal.
e) Was that shopping bag made from
plarn?
.
f) ?
.
(subject = the plastic bottle, verb =
reuse)

Lesson 6

1. Look at the Aigul’s picture. What is she

doing? Have you ever planted a tree? Where?
Why? Discuss with a partner Aigul’s questions.

Hello, my dear friends! Today I want to talk

about 10 ways to keep our Earth clean every
day. Have you ever heard about Earth Day?
Do you know when this event is celebrated?
Do you want to celebrate this day with other
countries? How can we convince our friends
to make everyday Earth Day?

63
 2. a) Work with a group and make a list of things that you can make every
day for a clean environment where you live. Then read the flipchart and check
your ideas.
Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22nd. Worldwide, various
events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First
celebrated in 1970, Earth Day events are now coordinated globally in more
than 193 countries by the Earth Day Network. Here are 10 ways to make
everyday Earth Day.

Use
Compost
reusable
organic
bags when
waste to feed
shopping Make
your garden
a garden
1 and grow
10 your own
2 vegetables
Go outside
more

Reuse
Plant plastic
a tree bottles
8 3

Recycle 7
4
6
Use LED
Collect 5 light bulbs
rainwater to conserve
Throw away energy
rubbish
and keep
the outdoors clean

64
 2. b) Work with a partner or a group.
Prepare your own poster about Keep
our planet and ocean green.
• Prepare your poster properly.
• Describe what is important to keep
the planet green.
• Include any illustrations, pictures,
or photos in your poster.
• Present your poster to the other
students in your class.

3. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

a) Do you love your country and Issyk-
Kul Lake? Why or why not?
b) What do you see in this picture?
c) What kind of people leave the trash
everywhere?
d) What will you do if you see this kind
of rubbish in the place where you
live?
e) Who are the people in these pictures?
f) What are they doing?
g) Why is it important for them to have
clean air where they live?
h) Would you join these volunteers
if you have a chance in future? Why
or why not?

4. Complete the sentences using should/shouldn’t or could/couldn’t. Then

write Active or Passive.
a) So many people shouldn’t have been invited to our party! I’m worried that
we won’t have enough room for everyone. Passive
b) I have written this article by 8 o’clock.
c) Their hands have been washed before taking the baby.
d) The teacher have required a maths test for all students before
she left the class.
e) The weather have been any worse!
f) The school hold classes at night.
g) The game have been finished. It was raining very hard and
they had to stop.
h) You eat so much chocolate! You could get sick!

65