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Navigation 3 Best
Navigation 3 Best
вUSINЕSS мАRINЕ
AND NАvlGАтIоN
ЕNGLlsн
рагt 111
odeSSa
Feniks
2015
соNтЕNтS
рАRт 1. мАNUАL
ргеfасе
Передмова
Unit l SнIр тYрЕS
1.1.ТуреsоfvеSsе1S.....................................................9
3 . 1 . сhагts ........... 29
5.2 Апсhогiпg
Unit 6 рILотАGЕ
6.1 Тгаiпiпg of Магitimе Pilots ..............
Unit 7 мооRING
7.1 Gепега1 DefmitionS .
Uпitl2 coLREGS
12.1 Gепегаl Арр1iсаtiопS and Definitions ............................. 177
L_
12.2 Lights, Shapes and Sound Signals 181
12.3 VеsSе1S in апу VisiЬilitу
Uпitl4 GмDSS
14.1 Communication at sea ............................................. 212 .
14.2 The GlоЬа1 Магitimе Distгеss and safety System ............ 214
15.1. Intemational ship and Рогt Facility Sесuгitу Code (ISРS) 228
Iпtгоduсtiоп
15.2. ОvегviеW ofthe ISPS Code
вIвLIоGRАрнY
рАRт 2
REFERENCE (Еlесtгопiс Vегsiоп)
Unitl SнIртYрЕS
Uпit4 SнIрнАNDLING
рАRт 1. мАNUАL
Unit 1. SнIр тYрЕS
Lесtuге lavout
1.1. Types of vеsSеls.
1.2. Ship сопstгuсtiоп.
1.3. Main рагts of а shiр.
9
Fеггу паром
flshingveSsel рыболовное судно
нееt ф лот
неight Vessel зафрахтованное судно
fгiсtiоп трение, сцепление
fгigаtе фрегат
gепега1 сагgо Ship судно для генерального груза
to handle обращаться с
to haul перевозка
hуdгоfоil судно на подводных крыльях
ice Ьгеаkег ледокол
to iпсгеаSе увеличивать, поднимать
1еаkаgе течь, просачивание
1ifе ьоаt спасательная шлюпка
1ightег-аЬоагd Ship (lаsh VеSSе1) лихтеровоз
to limit ставить предел, ограничивать
mапеuVегаЬlе маневренный
mегсhапt ship торговое судно
multiрuгроSе ship судно многоцелевого назначения
naVal Ship военный корабль
oceangoing Ьulk саггiег океанский балкер
to оVегсоmе преодолевать
роWегЬоаt моторный катер
геsistапсе сопротивление
to геStгiсt ограничивать
гоll-оп/го11-оffShiр судно типа ро-ро
Salvage ship спасательное судно
ShalloW wаtег мелководье
shогt Sea VеSsе1 судно малого каботажа
Suрегtапkег супертанкер
to Suрр1у снабжать
tапkег танкер
tгаwlег траулер
tugьоаt буксир
to Withstand выдерживать
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiЩ its gist:
Мегсhапt ShipS
10
sегiоuslу limited this aspect of the iпdustгу. The епогmоuS iпсгеаsе, hоwеVег, in
сегtаiп kinds of сагgо haS mоге than made up fог the 1оsS of раSSепgег tгаffіс.
раsSеп8ег Ships
NоWаdауs, moSt mегсhапt Ships аге Ьuilt to сагту сагgо, Ьut а few still
саггу раssепgегs. The tгаditiопаl раsSепgег ship is the раssепgег liпег.
The пumЬег of раsSепgег shipS haS Ьееп gгеаtlу геduсеd, ЬесаuSе of
competition With аiг tгапSрогt. А1thоugh the аiцtlапе has 1агgе1у гер1асеd the
осеап liпег fог tгапsосеапiс tгаVе1, VеSSе1s fог саггуiпg раSSепgегs асгоSs shогt
distanceS оVег Wаtег have Ьесоmе iпсгеаsiпg1у imрогtапt.
Such Shогt-distапсе VеsSе1S include hуdгоfoils and аiг cushiOn vеhiсIеS.
1п гесепt уеагS а пumЬег of поVе1 typeS of Ships haVe Ьееп dеVе1ореd, а11
геsultiпg Hom а conStant sеагсh fог fаStег tгапSрогtаtiоп. The сопVепtiопа1 Ship
is а disр1асеmепt Vеhiс1е; it goeS thгоugh гаthег than оVег the wаtег when
mоViпg, thегеЬу сгеаtiпg WаVеs. If а ship is liЁеd с1еаг of the wаtег, по WaVeS
аге made and the Ship is Нее of the fhсtiопа1 геsistапсе of the wаtег.
1п the hуdгоfoil Ships uпdегWаtег р1апеS, ог fоils, 1ift the hull fгоm the
Wаtег. AS the Ship iпсгеаSеS its sрееd, it moVes Нее of the Wаtег Suгfасе,
Suррогtеd Ьу the uпdегWаtег fоils. The foils may Ье рагtlу аЬоVе and рагtlу
Ье1оw the Wаtег suгfасе. The fаStег the ship mоVеs, the smаllег the amount of foil
that is uпdегWаtег. The Ш they ргоVidе is сопtгоl1еd Ьу the апg1е of the foils and
the speed of the Shiр. Speeds of 100 knots and mоге have Ьееп геасhеd with
hуdгоfоil ShiрS.
Аiг cushiOn Vehicles а1sо ргоVidе fast tгiрS fог Shогt distапсеS. Such
Vеhiс1еS haVe а роwегЫl hогizопtаl fan that ргоduсеS а Stгопg, continuous thnist
of аiг Ьеtwееп the Vеhiс1е and the wаtег ог gгоuпd Ьепеаth it. The сгаН, which is
dгivеп Ьу аiгрlапе-Stу1е ргореllегS, гidеs оп this cushion of аiг and сап do а1mоSt
70 kпоts.
Сагgо Ships сап Ье divided into fоuг gгоuрs, ассогdiпg to the kind of
сагgо they саггу:
1) gепега1 сагgо Ships (са1ту goods that аге put in расkаgеs);
2) tапkегs (саггу реtго1еum ог оthег 1iquid сагgо);
3) dгу Ьulk саггiегs (са1ту соа1, gгаiп, iгоп оге, еtс.);
4) multiрuкроSе shipS (саггу sеVега1 kinds of сагgо at the same timе).
Сагgо shipS сап а1Sо Ье divided into two types ассогdiпg to the sегViсе
they оffег to shiррегS:
1) liпег sегViсе (геgulаг гоutеs, fixed schedule and гаtеS);
2) tгаmр SегViсе (сап Ье hiгеd to haul а1mоst апуthiпg, апуWhеге, апуtimе).
Тгаditiопа1 сагgо ships haVe роWегml, еlесtгiса11у dгivеп сгапеS and
dеггiсks. They сап Ье 1оаdеd at the Side and Stem as Wеl1 as the hаtсhеS. They have
11
automatic engine гооm сопtго1S and automatic naVigation еquiрmепt. Diffегепt
VеSsе1s аге designed fог саггуiпg diffегепt kinds of сагgо, such aS 1iquids, Ьulk
сагgо (fог ехаmр1е, gгаiп ог оге), ог сопtаiпегs. А feW раSSепgегS аге accepted оп
Some сагgо 1iпегs.
СОпtаiпег ShipS е1imiпаtе the iпdividuа1 hаtсhеS, holds and dеггiсks of the
tгаditiопа1 gепега1 сагgо VеSsе1. The hull of а сопtаiпег Ship is Simр1у ап enomouS
WагеhоuSе divided into сеl1s Ьу Vегtiса1 guide гаils. The се11s аге deSigned to hо1d
сагgо in ргерасkаgеd units са11еd сопtаiпегs.
TheSe shipS са1ту 1агgе tгuсk Ьоdiеs and сап Ье disсhагgеd and loaded in опе
dау. The сопtаiпег ship tгапSрогts 1агgе metal сопtаiпегS that haVe Ьееп рге1оаdеd
with сагgо. Сопtаiпегs аге conVenient and eaSy to 1оаd onto а Shiр, and they
еffесtivе1у use the Space in а Shiр'S сагgо hо1d. СопtаiпегS аге tгапSрогtеd to and
Hom the dock Ьу гаil, tгuсk, ог Ьагgе. Lагgе оVегhеаd сгапеS pick up the сопtаiпегS
and load them onto the shiр. The ship tгаVеls to its deStination рогt, Whеге the
сопtаiпегs аге unloaded and then dе1ivегеd to thеiг iпdividuа1 dеStiпаtiопs.
Some ShipS haVe Ьееп designed to handle сопtаiпегs that аге оп Wheeled
сhаssis. These ships аге са11еd гоll-Оп/гоll-off Vessels Ьесаusе of thеiг meanS of
moVing сопtаiпегs onto and off the VеSSеl. TheSe ShipS haVe а Stem opening and
Side орепiпgs. Rо-Rо Ships haul сагs, ЬuSеs, house tгаilегs, tгuсks and апу оthег
сагgо that сап Ье го11еd аЬоагd.
Lightег-аЬоагd-Shiр (LАSН) VeSsels аге ЬаSеd оп а similаг сопсерt.
LASH VеsSе1s tгапsрогt dеtасhаЬ1е ЬагgеS that аге Поаtеd Hom shоге to the Shiр.
LASH ships сап hо1d Hom 70 to 90 Ьагgеs, each of Which сап са1ту 370
tons of сагgо.
ТапkегS аге designed sресifiса1lу to сагту 1iquid сагgоеs, uSuаl1у реtго1еum.
А mаjог ргоЬ1еm With giant tапkегS is the SеVеге епViгопmепtаl damage of oil
sрills, геSultiпg fГоm со11isiоп, Stогm dаmаgе, ог leakage fгоm оthег саusеs.
Specialized tапkегs tгапSрогt 1iquеfiеd паtuга1 gas (LNG), 1iquid сhеmiса1S,
Wiпе, mоlаsSеS, and геfhgегаtеd ргоduсts.
Bulk саггiегS аге sресiа1 VеSSе1s deSigned to сагту 1агgе quantities of 1ооSе
mаtегiаl, Such as оге ог gгаiп. Bulk сагhегs аге common not оп1у оп the осеап Ьut
also fог tгаhsрогt оп 1аkеs.
Oceangoing Ьulk саггiегs сап сагту mоге than 100,000 tonS of сагgо. А
modem Seagoing Ьulk саггiег has the Ьгidgе and engine гооm пеаг the Stеm. The
геst of the ship is а lеVе1 агеа of deck with а line of hаtсhеS. Моtог-dгivеп
equipment оп Ьоагd quickly геmоvеs the enomious hatch соvегS.
ВагgеS аге someWhat like Smаl1 Ьulk саггiегS. TheSe VesSels haul Such
сагgоеs aS сеmепt, соа1, gгаiп, gгаVе1 and Sand асгоSS hагЬоuгS, оп canals and
гivегS, and а1опg соаSts. Modem ЬагgеS haVe diеSе1 mоtогs ог аге pushed ог toWed
ьу tugs.
Specialized Types of VeSseIs
12
FеггiеS аге uSed to tгапsрогt реор1е, апimа1s, and Vеhiс1еS оVег wаtег Whеге
ЬгidgеS Would Ье inconVenient ог оthегWisе imроssiЬ1е to Ьuild. The 1агgеst
fеггуЬоаt сап са1ту 2,500 раSSепgегS and оVег 200 аutоmоЬilеs.
The fеггуЬОаt uSuа11у орегаtеS оVег Shогt distапсеS, as асгоSS а гivег, Ьау, Ог
fгоm point to point in а hагЬоuг. FеггуЬоаts uSually haVe оп1у опе Vеhiс1е deck and
саггу раSSепgегs in the SuрегStгuсtuге. Modem fеггуЬоаts аге usuа11у роWегеd Ьу
dieSel епgiпеs.
IсеЬгеаkегs аге VеsSе1S designed to make ог keep ореп а паVigаЬlе paSsage
thгоugh iсе. IсеЬгеаkегS Shаttег the рогtiоп of the ice sheet diгесtlу ahead of them
Ьу гаmmiпg the iсе. IсеЬгеаkегs аге equipped With а hеаVу, uSuа1lу оvегhапgiпg
Ьоw, and агmогеd SidеS. TheSe ships also поmа11у have Ьоth fогWагd and aft
ргоре1lегS to ргоVidе gгеаtег mапеuvегаЬilitу and to сгеаtе Suction uпdег the ice to
facilitate its Ьгеаkiпg.
ТugЬОаt is а Smаl1, роWегЁіl, stuгdу Ship used mаiп1у to mапоеuVге 1агgе
oceangoing shipS in the confmes of hагЬоuгs, to moVe ЬагgеS оп iп1апd Wаtегwауs,
and to toW sа1Vаgе and dгеdgiпg еquiрmепt.
ТugЬоаts аге divided into fоuг Ьаsiс tуреs:
1. гivег tugs (Wогk оп гivегs);
2. hагЬоuг tugs (hе1р ShipS in and out of рогts);
3. соаStа1 tugs (hеlр ships in difficulty at sеа);
4. oceangoing tugs (tаkе рагt in геsсuе and Salvage wогk).
DгеdgегS аге песеSSагу to геmоVе the Sand and mud Hom the Ьеds of
сhаппе1s and hагЬоuгs. They аге of thгее main tуреs:
1. Ьuсkеt dгеdgегS (Sсоор up the sand and mud With а sегiеS of Ьuсkеts);
2. Suction dгеdgегs (Suсk up sand and mud);
3. gгаЬ dгеdgегS (орегаtе 1ikе сгапеs).
Fishing vesSeIS аге сгаfts еmр1оуеd in соmmегсiа1 fishегiеs. 1п gепега1,
fishing VеSSе1s аге smа11, usuа1lу uпdег 18 m (uпdег 60 ft) in lепgth.
TypeS of modem fishing Ьоаts аге 1еSS пumегоuS than the о1d sailing
mоdе1S, Ьut гесепt уеагS haVe seen а геVоlutiоп in the dеsigп, mесhапizаtiоп, and
automation of hulls and gеаг.
DгаggегS Ог tгаWlегS, роWегеd with diеsе1 engineS and Hom 12 m (40 Н)
in 1епgth to aS much as 90 m (а1mоst 300 ft), tow пеts, са11еd tгаWIS, fог fіSh ог
dгеdgе fог Shе11fish. СопVепtiопа1 tгаWlегS аге Side tгаWlегS; that is, they tow
thеiг nets Hom опе Side of the vеSsе1. MoSt new shipS аге Stem tгаWlегS and toW
and haul оVег а stem гаmр.
LifеЬОаt is а Stгопg Ьоаt designed fог геsсuiпg shiрWгесkеd регSопS ог
регSопs аЬапdопiпg shiр, саггiеd оп oceangoing VеSSе1S and maintained at
опshоге StаtiопS. The eSSential fеаtuгеS of а lifеЬоаt аге ехtгеmе Ьuоуапсу and
StаЬilitу, а Sе1f-Ьаiliпg сараЬilitу, and the аЬilitу to ргоgгеSs in the StогmiеSt
Wаtегs and to Ье Sе1f-гightiпg When сарsizеd. LifеЬоаts аге ргоре1lеd Ьу оагS ог
mоtог.
to
13
Ехегсisе 5.Маtсh the рагts of the Sепtепсеs:
fа1Sе
1. Раssепgег liпегs а .... to сащу реtгоlеum.
2. Rеfгigегаtог VeSSels Ь .... аге Ьuilt to са1ту сагgо.
3. Сагgо 1iпегS с .... гаm thгоugh fгоZеп Wаtег.
4. ТапkегS аге deSigned d .... toW Ьагgеs а1опg сапаls.
5. Dгу Ьulk саггiегS tгапSрогt е .... fегtilizег, оге, gгаiп, Sugаг and Sаlt.
)mе 6. FеггiеS tгапsрогt f.... са1ту tгаVе1lегS асгоSS the осеапs.
7. IсеЬгеаkегS g .... аutоmоЬilеs and раSSепgегS.
8. тugьоаts h .... must Ье Stгопg and mапеuvегаЬ1е.
1па 9. Fishing VеSSе1s i .... са1ту Hesh VеgеtаЬ1еS and mеаt.
10. LifеЬоаts j .... аге uSed to catch and ргосеsS fіSh.
1.2. SHIPCONSTRUCTION .
15
dimenSionS главнь1е размерения (судна)
dock док
edge кромка, край, ребро
to егесt устанавливать (вертикально)
to facilitate способствовать
faStening деталь крепления
flxed Way спусковая дорожка
fгаmе шпангоут, рама
fгаmе сопstгuсtiоп рамная конструкция
giгdег балка, брус
guпwа1е линия пересечения главной палубы
с бортом
hollow полость, углубление
1ар stгаkе накрывающий пояс (обшивки)
1оRiпg плазовая разбивка
maintenance техническое обслуживание
mold шаблон, литейная форма
mо1d 1оft плаз
to mount устанавливать, собирать
mоVаьlе подвижный, разборный
геgагdiпg относительно
гiь ребро жесткости, шпангоут
гiь ьапd рейка
to гivеt соединять заклепками
spike деревянный гвоздь
stогаgе tank цистерна для хранения
stгаkе пояс (обшивки)
template (плазовый) шаблон, лекало
Wе1diпg сварка
to yaW отклоняться от курса `
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
ShiрЬuildiпg Ргасtiсе
Stгuсtuга11у, а ship is а hollow Ьеаm. The ЬасkЬопе of а11 Ships is the kееl,
а longitudinal Ьеаm 1осаtеd at the Vегу Ьоttоm of the VеSsе1 and extending Hom
ЬоW to Stеm. At the fОгWагd end of the keel is attached the uргight ог пеаг1у
uргight Stem that foms the fГопt of the VеSsе1.
The Skin of the VeSSel is mounted outside the Наmе. 1п Steel veSSeIS the
Skin consists of а пumЬег of mеtа1 р1аtеS гivеtеd ог wе1dеd to the fi.аmе.
ТгапSVегSе wа11s of Wood ог mеtа1 р1аtе, depending upon the type of Vеssе1, гuп
fi.оm опе Side of the Ship to the оthег at SеVега1 р1асеs in the 1епgth of the hull.
16
These wаl1S, са11еd Ьulkhеаds, аге used to Ьгеаk the hull up into wаtегtight
соmрагtmепts aS а Safety mеаSuге, so that а 1еаk in the hull Will Пооd оп1у рагt
of the shiр.
The Wогd "Ьоаt" mгthег means а VеSSе1 that disр1асеS and ехс1udеS the
wаtег Suггоuпdiпg it, it is mоге Ьuоуапt than а Поаtiпg оЬjесt Such aS а 1оg ог
гаН, and is Shaped fог StаЬilitу and ргорulsiоп.
А 1агgе wаtегсгаft is ргорег1у са11еd а Shiр; hоWеVег, the Ьоuпdагу
Ьеtwееп Ьоаts and shipS cannot Ье defmed with ргесisiоп. Some 1агgег veSsels
today аге саl1еd Ьоаts.
роор ют
роор deck палуба юта
ргоре11ег винт
ргорulsiоп iпStа1lаtiоп 1ребное устройство
гuddег руль
гuddег and stеегiпg gеаг рулевое устройство
Slip сдвиг; скольжение; проскальзывание
18
twо-mаStег двухмачтовый
tween deck твиндек
uррег deck верхняя палуба
wаtегtight водонепроницаемый
Winch лебедка
Whее1hоuSе top настил рулевой рубки
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiЩ its gist:
*
нULL
The hull is the main Ьоdу of а shiр. The hull is the Wаtегtight Shе11 of а
shiр. It is divided into а пumЬег of hогizопtа1 Suгfасеs called dесks.
The hull is divided into thгее рагts: fоге епd, midshipS and аНег епd.Тhе hull
containS the engine гооm, сагgо Space and а пumЬег of tапks.Iп dгу сагgо shipS
the сагgо space is divided into hо1ds.Iп 1iquid сагgо Ships it is divided into tапks.
At the fоге end of the hull аге the fоге peak tanks and at the аftег end аге
the аНег peak tапks. They аге used fог НтеSh Wаtег and Wаtег Ьа1lаSt. The space
Ьеtwееп the holds and the Ьоttоm of the hull contains dоuЬ1е Ьоttom tапks. TheSe
аге used fог Ьа11аSt Wаtег and mе1. Ваl1аst is used to iпсгеаSе stаЬilitу. Most ShipS
uSe SеаWаtег aS Ьа11аst. AS а ship takeS оп сагgо, the Ьа11аst Wаtег is pumped оut.
Hulls haVe а pointed ЬоW so they сап knife Swiftly thгоugh the Wаtег. Most
hulls а1sо haVe а гоuпdеd Stеm, Which helps the Wаtег close Smoothly Ьеhiпd as
the Ship cuts thгоugh the wаtег.Тhе оvегаll Shape of а hull is deSigned to make
me ship as StаЬ1е as роssiЬlе.
вULншАDS
Bulkheads аге Wа11S Ьuilt Ьеtwееп the dесks, fогmiпg + соmрагtmепts.
ThoSe dividing up соmрагtmепts hогizопtа1lу аге known aS tween decks оп
Which the сагgо геSts. If Wаtег Пооds опе соmрагtmепt ЬесаuSе of ап ассidепt,
с1оsiпg the dоогS Will tгар the Wаtег thеге and ргеvепt it Hom Пооdiпg оthег
соmрагtmепts. Wаtегtight соmрагtmепts епаЬ1е а Ship to Поаt eVen With а hо1е
in its hull.
п-DЕск
The deck at the top of the hull is са11еd the main dесk. This deck соVегs
the hо1ds Whеге the сагgо is stоWеd. SеVега1 mоге decks may Ье аЬоVе it. А11 the
StгuсtuгеS аЬоVе the main deck make up the Suрегstгuсtuге. At the fоге end is the
fогесаstlе. At the аftег end the Ьгidgе suрегstгuсtuге and the роор аге соmЬiпеd.
19
ENGINE
SнIр pRopELLERS
sфрdкNh
20
RUDDER
АNсноR
АпсhОг is а deVice used to attach а Hoating VеsSе1 to the Wаtег Ьоttоm fог
the рuгроSе of holding the VеsSе1 in р1асе. АпсhогS аге connected to the VеSSе1 Ьу
гореS, саЬlеs, ог сhаiпS. The stгuсtuге of modem апсhогS епаЬ1еS them to dig into
the uпdегWаtег Suгfасе and роWегmllу gгiр the SеаЬеd againSt the dгift of the
Vеssе1. Modem апсhогS usuа1lу аге made of fогgеd steel and may Weigh thouSands
of роuпds. Lагgе ships usuа11у сапу sеvегаl heaVy апсhогs. Among the many
апсhог deSignS аге the stocklesS апсhог, mushгооm апсhог, gгарпе1 апсhог,
Dапfогth апсhог, р1оw апсhог, and Sea апсhог.
мАSт
Mast оп а sailing Shiр, Vегtiсаl ог пеаг1у Vегtiса1 sраг, is gепега11у made of
Wood ог mеtа1, suррогtiпg the ассеsSогу sрагS, iпс1udiпg уагds, Ьооms, and gаffs,
and the Sails and гiggiпg. The masts of роWегеd VеSsе1s аге uSed to саггу lights,
сгапеS, and 1ооkоut роSts.
The maSts аге са1lеd fогеmаSt and mainmaSt in the uSuа1 twо-mаStег fоге-
апd-аН гiggеd sсhоопег, and mainmast and mizzen in а ketch ог уаW1.
шЕL
Кее1, of timЬег ог оthег mаtегiа1 гuппiпg the 1епgth of а Ьоаt, ргоVidеs
1опgitudiпаl stгепgth.
21
The maximum Ьгеаdth of а Ship is the Ьеаm. The total length mеаSuгеd
fгоm the fогеmоSt to the aftemoSt points of а shiр's hull is саl1еd the length
оvегаll. The dгаught is the depth of the shiр's Ьоttоm ог keel Ьеlоw the wаtег
Suгfасе. The fоге рагt of а Ship is са11еd the ЬОW.Тhе геаг рагt is called the
Stегп.Тhе fОгWагd dгаught is mеаSuгеd at the Ьоw and the dгаught aft at the
Stеm.
1. The fГОпt рагt of а ship is called the stem and the геаг рагt is the ЬоW.
2. EngineS аге usuаl1у classified ассогdiпg to the fom of епегgу they utilizе, such
aS Stеаm, соmргеssеd аiг, and gаSоliпе.
3. Ргоре11ег is а Vегtiса11у hinged р1аtе at the stem of а veSsel ог tail of ап аiгсгаft,
used fог Stеегiпg.
4. The hull containS the engine гооm, сагgо space and а пumЬег of tапks.
5. Vегу tа1l maSts аге made оп1у in опе sесtiоп.
6. Апсhог is а device used to attach а Hoating VeSSel to the Wаtег Ьоttоm fог the
рuкроSе of hо1diпg the vеSsе1 in р1асе.
7. When the hе1m is tumed to the lеft, the гuddег and ЬоW Swing to the гight.
8. The Ьеаm is the depth of the shiр's Ьоttоm ог keel ЬеlоW the Wаtег Suгfасе.
9. Masts аге commonly made of solid Wооd, Ьut SometimeS hо11оW Wood ог metal
сопStгuсtiоп is еmрlоуеd.
10. TWeen decks аге Wа1ls Ьuilt Ьеtwееп the dесks, fогmiпg соmрагtmепts.
Fгеsh wаtег and Wаtег Ьаl1аSt, сhаiпS, the kее1, hull, гореS, епегgу, роор, dоuЬlе
Ьоttоm tапks, Wаtегtight соmрагtmепts, Ьulkhеаds, Shiр.
22
Unit 2. SHIP ОRGАNlzАТI0N
щuге lаYQц!
- The Deck Dерагtmепt
- The Engine Dерагtmепt
- The Саtегiпg Dерагtmепt
::Ё2Ё::=:=::=:Р:dепts`
1. knoWledge of а SyStem of initial Ship and СГеW
огgапizаtiоп оп the ЬаSis of 1есtuге;
П. to fаmiliагizе students With specific сhагасtег of each dерагtmепt of а ship and
сгеWmеmЬегs ' dutiеS;
111. to iпtгоduсе neW vосаЬulагу and dеVе1ор gгаmmаг Skills using the mаtегiа1 of
the 1есtuге.
Ё#fо11оWiпgwогdsапdwогdсоmЬiпаtiопS:
dерагtmепt отделение
to naVigate вести судно
to Wогk out разрабатывать
to StoW
погрузить товары
Stоwа8е размещение груза
1оаd загружать
SuрегVisiоп руководство
maintenance обслуживание
гuппiпg управление
оVега11
общий
Wе1fаге
благосостояние
to еmьагk грузить, подниматься на борт
assignment назначение
execution выполнение
арр1iапсе устройство, приспособление
to imр1еmепt выполнять, осуществлять
гiggiп8
такелаж
ьilgе днище, трюмные воды
hапdliп8 управление
to Ье uпdегWау
идти (о судне)
suЬогdiпаtе подчиненный
силовая установка
ргорulsiоп
гаmр аппарель
24
hatch люк
е1еvаtог 1рузоподъемник
орегаЬilitу рабочее состояние
1uЬгiсаtiоп смазь1вание
саtегiпg снабжение
оп account (оf) вследствие
П. Reading activities
The Shiр's mаStег, ог captain is геSропsiЬ1е fог the оVега11 орегаtiоп and
maintenance of the shiр, iпс1udiпg the сгеw. The сгеw is огgапizеd like this:
q I1 ua IifiE d
hJlеmьЕг= gf
Еп EI inE Егiп g
DЕрЕг[mЕпt
1 DЕд{+
ЕпЕiпЁ
Utilш]п
The Deck Dерагtmепt is геSропsiЬ1е fог naVigating the ship Sаfе1у and
есопоmiса11у fгоm рогt to рогt. The Маstег is ап ехрегiепсеd паVigаtог and usuа11у
wогks out the Ьеst соuгsе. The Second Mate is геSропSiЬlе to the Маstег fог
keeping the Ship оп соuгSе and fог 1ооkiпg аftег а11 the equipment used fог
паVigаtiоп. It'S also the jоЬ of the Chief Mate to see that the сагgо is Stowed
ргорег1у in the hо1ds and kept in good condition duгiпg the Vоуаgе. Не is hе1реd Ьу
the Second and Тhiгd Маtеs. 1п аdditiоп, When the ship is not hі1lу 1оаdеd, the
Chief Mate must See that the hо1ds аге с1еапеd and ргерагеd fог thеiг next сагgо. At
sеа, much of the Deck Dерагtmепt's time is Spent maintaining the ship and hег
equipment in good сопditiоп. This meanS conStant с1еапiпg, painting and гераiг
Wогk. This is done Ьу гаtiпgs uпdег the SuрегVisiоп of the BOatswain (Воsuп).
25
JОЬ RеsропSiЬilitiеs
26
of а11 е1есtгiса1 and mесhапiса1 equipment аЬоагd the VеsSе1. The опЬОагd
discipline of а11 the Engine Dерагtmепt оffісегS and сгеW and the арргаisа1 of the
Siь1е Same аге diгесtlу Within his сопtгоl. Не а1sо iпstгuсts а11 сгеw mеmЬегs in the
ргосеduгеS fог орегаtiпg the gепегаtог, епgiпеs, Ьilgе pumping SуStеm, and fіге-
Ёghtiпg еquiрmепt.
The Second Епgiпеег is гекропSiЬlе fог the maintenance of the Engine Rооm,
deck and оthег mасhiпегу. Не is also in сhагgе of the Engine Room Watchkeeping
dutiеs, aSsisted Ьу Тhiгd and Fouгth Епgiпеегs. The Second Епgiпеег keepS the
Moming and the EVening Watches (4 to 8), While the Тhiгd Епgiпеег stands the
Middle Watch and the Aftemoon watch (124), and thегеfоге the Fоuгth
Епgiпеег's Watches аге the Fогепооп Watch and the Fiгst Watch (8 to 12).
The Саtегiпg Dерагtmепt is uпdег the Chief Сооk. Не is геSропsiЬ1е fог
а11 the саtегiпg оп Ьоагd and а1Sо fог огdегiпg ргоVisiопs. The Shiр's COok is
геsропsiЬ1е fог cooking and sегViсе of food to the Shiр's сгеW; accomting of а11
ргоVisiопs and саЬiп StОгеS usеd; ргерагiпg indents fог ргоVisiопS and саЬiп stогеS,
maintaining the gа11еу and stогеs агеаs in а с1еап and tidy сопditiоп; Suрр1уiпg the
Vеssе1 With gгосегiеs fог реор1е рег dау. Не ог she ргерагеs and sегVеS meals in а
timе1у and appetizing mаппег. 1п addition tO еstаЬ1ishiпg гоutiпеS fог the gа11еу,
the Cook mопitогs оVега11 Sanitation of the епtiге shiр.
1. The Deck Dерагtmепt is геsропsiЬlе fог naVigating the ship sаfе1у and
есопоmiсаl1у Hom рогt to рогt.
2. The Chief Mate has оVегаl1 геsропsiЬilitу fог the Safety and Wе1fаге of the ship
and hег сгеw.
3. The Second Оffiсег is оп1у геsропSiЬ1е fог GМDSS.
4. The Тhiгd Mate keeps Watches HOm 12 to 4 а.m. and р.m.
5. The Boatswain is in сhагgе of сhагt соггесtiоп.
6. The Boatswain is diгесtlу геsропsiЬ1е to the Chief Епgiпеег.
7. The Second Епgiпеег keepS the Moming and the EVening Watches (4 to 8), While
the Тhiгd Епgiпеег stands the Middle Watch and the Aftemoon Watch (124).
8. The Chief Cook is геSропSiЬ1е fог а11 the саtегiпg оп Ьоагd and also fог огdегiпg
ргоVisiопs.
27
)га1
Unit 3. NАVIGАтIоNАL AIDS
the
NaVigation is the Science of knoWing Whеге you аге in the ргосеSS of getting
а11
уоuгSе1f fГоm А tO В in the moSt dеSiгаЬ1е Way to accommodate уоuг рulроSеS.
)сk
Lесtuге lavout
3.1 сhагts
3.2 NаVigаtiопа1 aids fог fixing the position
оп 3.3 Lights
3.4 The IALA Магitimе Buoyage System
LеагIпiпgОЬiесtivеs:
1. to deVelop Studепts` knoWledge of naVigational aids and methods of fixing
роSitiоп;
11. to епаЬ1е Students to ргорег1у asSeSs геliаЬilitу and арргоргiаtепеss of а
сhагt;
1П. to fаmiliагizе Students with diffегепt types oflights and Ьuоуs.
IV. to teach neW VосаЬulагу and fогm gгаmmаг skills оп the Ьаsis of the
1есtuге mаtегiаl.
з.1. снАRтS
1. Рге - геаdiпg tasks
Ехегсisе 1. Study the fо1lоWiпg Wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопs:
сhагt карта
uр-tо-dаtе обновленный
iпfаlliь1е безошибочный, непо1решимый
Sеаьеd морское дно
echo Sоuпdег эхолот
gгоuпdiпg посадка на мель
to elapse проходить, пролетать (О времени)
suгVеу осмотр, обследование
SрагSе редкий, разбросанный
sounding измерение (промер) глубин
to сопtеmр1аtе созерцать, размышлять,
рассматривать
Shelf риф, отмель, шельф
рогtгауаl изображение, описание
ьаthуmеtгу измерение глубины (моря)
gadget приспособление, принадлежность
ьеагiпg пеленг
реьь1еs галька
29
SeaWeed морские водоросли
oil гig нефтяная вь1шка
рiппас1е остроконечная башня
Scale шкала
to amend вносить поправки
to depict описывать, изображать
Sопаг гидролокатор
tа11оw жир, сало
magnetic vагiаtiоп магнитное склонение
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2.Rеаd the text and idепtifУ its gist:
Сhагts should Ье used with ргudепсе: thеге аге агеаS whеге the Sоuгсе data
аге о1d, incomplete ог of роог quаlitу.
The mагiпег should use the 1агgеst Scale арргоргiаtе fог his рагtiсulаг
рuгроsе; арагt Hom Ьеiпg the moSt dеtаilеd, the 1агgег Sса1еS аге usuаl1у соггесtеd
fiгSt. when extenSive neW iпfогmаtiоп (suсh aS а neW hуdгоgгарhiс suгVеу) is
гесеivеd, some months must paSS Ьеfоге it сап Ье fhlly iпсогрогаtеd in рuЬ1ishеd
сhагts.
Оп Smа11 Sса1е сhагts of осеап агеаS Whеге hуdгоgгарhiс iпfогmаtiоп is, in
many саsеs, сhагtеd Shоа1s may Ье in еггог as геgагds position and 1еаst dерth.
UпdisсоVегеd dапgегS may ехist, рагtiсulаг1у aWay fГоm Wе1l-еStаЬ1ishеd гоutеS.
Data used оп Аdmiга1tу сhагts come Hom а Vагiеtу of SоuгсеS, suгVеуS conducted
Ьу the Rоуа1 NaVy Sресifіса11у fог сhагts, those conducted Ьу рогt аuthогitiеS, Ьу
oil соmрапiеS, еtс.
Data Hom many оthег Sоuгсеs, positioned Ьу Vагiоus mеthоds, аге гоutiпе1у
iпс1udеd, when арргоргiаtе, so that thеге is по Siпg1е stапdагd ассuгасу to Which
еVегу poSition оп ап iпdividuа1 сhагt сап Ье quоtеd.
зо
Scale
The паtuге and imрогtапсе of the агеа concemed goVem the thогоughпеss
with Which the агеа must Ье examined and thегеfоге the Sе1есtiоп of the Sсаlе.
Рогts and hагЬоuгs аге uSually SuгVеуеd оп а scale of Ьеtwееп 1 : 12 500 and
1 :5000, and апсhогаgеS оп а Sса1е of оп1у 1 :25 000.
А gепега1 suгVеу of а coast which VеSSе1S оп1у paSs in ргосееdiпg Hom опе
р1асе to апоthег is sе1dоm made оп а Scale 1агgег than 1:50 000.1п Such gепега1
suгVеуS of coasts ог 1ittlе fГеquепtеd апсhогаgеs, the suгVеуог does not
сопtеmр1аtе that ships Will арргоасh the Shоге without taking Sресiа1 ргесаutiопs.
Сhагts may Ье рuЬlishеd оп а Smаllег sса1е than the SuгVеуs оп Which they
аге ЬаSеd, though modem 1агgе Scale сhагts аге оНеп рuЬlishеd оп the Same Sса1е
as the огigiпа1 SuгVеуS.
Positions plotted оп, ог ехtгасtеd Ноm, а сhагt Will contain ап е1еmепt of
imргесisiоп геlаtеd to the sса1е of the сhагt.
Тhеге геmаiп many сhагts, Some canying а note Stating that а sаtеl1itе-
dегivеd position Shift cannot Ье dеtеmiпеd, Whеге sufficient details of hогizопtаl
datum is not kпоwп. It is imрогtапt to note that in the WогSt саsеS, such aS isolated
islands ог сhагts of gгеаt апtiquitу, сhагtеd positiOns may Ье sеVега1 mileS
disсгерапt fГоm those dегivеd fi.оm GРS. This meanS that арргохimаtеlу 1000
сhагts сапу а note Whiсh, in its latest wогdiпg, States that mагiпегs аге wamed that
these diffегепсеs may Ье Significant to naVigation and аге thегеfоге advised to uSe
а1tеmаtivе SоuгсеS of роsitiопа1 iпfоmаtiоп, рагtiсulаг1у when cloSing the Shоге ог
naVigating in the Vicinity of dапgегS.
WhегеаS GPS ргоduсеs а quoted ассuгасу in the огdег of 100 mеtгеs, DGPS
has the роtепtiа1 to ргоduсе poSitions ассuгаtе to Within а feW mеtгеS. Аdmiга1tу
сhагts аге compiled fгоm the ЬеSt Sоuгсе data аVаilаЬ1е, Ьut these Sоuгсеs аге of
Vагуiпg age and sсаlе. А1Sо, in diffегепt рагts of the Wог1d, ргеfеггеd to а vагiеtу of
diffегепt dаtа.
СООгdiпаtеS
31
дн Visuа1Wгесk 400o4',8N , 24o52',О
Imрогtапt SуmЬоls
Ё
4
Suрег(1ight)Ьuоу, LапЬу.
Сагdiпа1 Ьuоу,WеStmагk.
Ф Safe Wаtег mагk (геd/Whitе). +
Stопе; dгуiпg height аЬоVе сhагt Foul sеаЬеd. AVoid
й dаtum.
# апсhогiпg hеге.
Dапgег, depth SWept ЬуWiгеdгаg.
Dапgег, 1еаSt depth Ьу sоuпdiпg.
€.&#А..
DапgегоuS ! Wгесk, depth
uпkпоWп.
ф Wгесk, not dапgегоus (10
m ЬеlоW сhагt dаtum).
PoSition fог Which tidа1 1еVеls аге PoSition fог which tidа1
Е tаьulаtеd. $ stгеаm data аге tаЬulаtеd.
Осеап Сhагtiпg
While most сhагts of the сопtiпепtа1 shе1f аге ЬаSеd оп suгVеуs of Vагуiпg
age and quа1itу, Vегу 1ittlе suгVеу Wогk of а Systematic паtuге haS Ьееп саггiеd out
Ьеуопd the edge of the сопtiпепtа1 shelf (200 m depth сопtоuг). With the
соmр1еtiоп of the two SегiеS of Iпtеmаtiопа1 Сhагts оп sса1еS of 1:3 million and
1 : 10 milliоп, augmented Ьу the sегiеS of Аdmiгаltу 1 :3 million mid-осеап сhагts
and 1:10 million Southem Осеап сhагts, the oceanS haVe Ьееп SуStеmаtiса11у
сhагtеd fог the fiгst time to common Sресifісаtiопs.
These сhагts, hоWеVег, Still гергеSепt оп1у а "ЬеSt guеsS" in thеiг рогtгауа1 of
the depths and shape of the осеап Поог. They аге fог the most рагt Still ЬаSеd оп
Sрагsе and inadequate sounding dаtа, and many significant Ьаthуmеtгiс fеаtuгеS,
including Shоаls, haVe dоuЬtlеSs still to Ье found and сhагtеd.
Nеаг1у а11 осеап soundings аVаilаЬ1е аге Hom гапdоm 1iпеS of soundings
fгоm а Wide Vагiеtу of souгсеs of Vагуiпg ге1iаЬilitу and ассuгасу. Sounding
соVегаgе is Ьеst а1опg Wе11-Неquепtеd гоutеS, Ьut eVen in theSe WаtегS
uпdisсоVегеd dапgегS may still ехist, еSресiа11у fог dеер-dгаught VеSSеls.
Рагtiсulаг саге is needed when naVigating in the Vicinity of oceanic dапgегs
ог Seamounts aS vегу feW of theSe fеаtuгеs haVe Ьееп Ы11у SuгVеуеd to modem
Stапdагds to dеtегmiпе thеiг соггесt роSitiоп, Ы11 ехtепt, ог the 1еаSt depth оVег
thеm.
Мапу сhагtеd осеап dапgегS and Shоа1s аге Hom о1d sketch SuгVеуs and
герогts, often dating fгоm the nineteenth сепtuгу. PoSitions fгоm such герогts may
Ье gгоsslу in еггог; thеiг ргоЬаЬ1е роsitiопа1 еггог.
Fuгthегmоге, many осеап dапgегs аге рiппас1е-shареd рillагS of госk ог
сога1 гisiпg stеер1у fгоm deep Wаtег, сгоwпiпg the Summits of Seamounts and
осеап гidgеS: 1ittlе ог по Waming is given fгоm soundings in thеiг арргоасh.
Consequently the detection of dапgегоus рiппас1еS in time to take aVoiding action
Will Ье ехtгеmеlу diffісult, еSресiа11у fог modem dеер-dгаught осеап-gоiпg
VеSSе1s tгаVе11iпg uпdег погmа1 сопditiопS. А dапgегоuS рiппас1е in осеап depths
could роssiЬ1у exist 2 саЬ1еS fгоm depths of 1000 m, 5 саЬ1еS fгоm depths of 2000
m, and 2 mileS Hom depths of 3000 m.
The mагiпег should а1wауs uSe the 1агgеSt Sса1е сhагt арргоргiаtе fог his
рuцjоsе. 1п с1оSiпg the 1апd ог dапgегоuS Ьапks, геgагd must а1WауS Ье had to the
Sса1е of the сhагt uSеd. А smа11 еггог in 1ауiпg doWn а position may mean оп1у а
33
few mеtгеS оп а 1агgе Scale сhагt, Whегеаs оп а Smа1l sса1е the Same amount of
displacement оп the рарег may mean sеvега1 саЬ1еs.
Fог the Same геаsоп Ьеагiпgs to пеаг оЬjесts should Ье uSed in ргеfегепсе to
оЬjесts fагthег оff, а1thоugh the 1аttег may Ье mоге ргоmiпепt, as а Smа11 еггог in
Ьеагiпg ог in 1ауiпg it doWn оп the сhагt haS а gгеаtег effect in misplacing the
poSition the 1опgег the line to Ье dгаWп.
Аlsо, а1thоugh а11 sса1еs аге kept соггесtеd fог Vitа1 iпfогmаtiОп Ьу Notices
to Магiпегs, When сhагts need to Ье соггесtеd fог mаjог changeS Ьу еithег а neW
сhагt ог а new еditiоп, the 1агgеSt sса1еs аге uSuаl1у amended fігst.
The 1агgег the sса1е of the сhагt, the gгеаtег the detail that сап Ье Shown оп it.
Each Аdmiгаltу сhагt, ог sегiеS of сhагts, is designed fог а рагtiсulаг
рuгроSе. Lагgе sса1е сhагts аге intended to Ье used fог епtегiпg hагЬоuгs ог
апсhогаgеs ог fог paSsing с1оsе to naVigational hаZагds. Medium sса1е сhагts аге
usuа11у рuЬ1ishеd as SегiеS of сhагts intended fог naVigation а1опg соаsts, While
Smа11 sса1е сhагts аге intended fог оffshоге паVigаtiоп.
S0uпdiпgs
34
Though each 1iпе may Ье many mileS in 1епgth, it сап оп1у Ье сопSidегеd aS
гергеsепtiпg the паггоW width of the Ьеаm of the echo Sоuпdег, and Whеге the 1еаd
WaS usеd, each Sounding гергеsепts ап агеа оп1у а feW сепtimеtгеS in diаmеtег.
Whеге Soundings indicate iггеgulаг dерths, examinationS аге uSuа1lу
conducted оп а 1агgег Scale than the геst of the SuгVеу, Ьut Whеге thеге аге по,
soundings Which агоusе Susрiсiоп, а shоаl, госk, гееf, Wгесk, ог оthег оЬstгuсtiоп,
1уiпg Ьеtwееп two lines could pass uпdеtесtеd. Fuгthегmоге, а1thоugh in с1еаг
Wаtег iггеgulагitiеs of the Ьоttоm may Sometimes Ье аррагепt Hom the Ьгidgе of а
shiр, they сап Seldom Ье detected Hom а Sounding Ьоаt Whеге the оЬsегVег's еуе is
usually within 2 m of the suгfасе.
Оп сhагts ЬаSеd оп оldег SuгVеуs, it may thегеfоге Ье expected that Some
dапgегS Within the 20 m depth сопtоuг may not haVe Ьееп dеtесtеd, and that eVen
When the SuгVеу is modem еVегу dапgег may not haVe Ьееп 1осаtеd.
Outside the 20 m depth сопtоuг thеге may Ье not оп1у similаг dапgегS, Ьut
knoWn Shоа1 depths not Significant When they Wеге fоuпd, Ьut Which could ргоVе
to Ье dапgегs with 1еSS Wаtег than сhагtеd оVег thеm, if mlly ехаmiпеd.
Deep dгаught VesSels in рагtiсulаг Should ехегсisе due саutiоп\`whеп within
the 200 m depth сопtоuг in рагts of the WОг1d Which аге imрегfесtlу suгVеуеd, ог
Whеге many герогtеd Shоа1S аге ShoWn оп the сhагts.
ChangeS in Depths
1п сегtаiп агеаS whеге the паtuге of the SеаЬеd is uпStаЬ1е, depths may
change Ьу 1 m ог mоге in а mаttег of months аRег а neW SuгVеу.1п these caSes it is
Viгtuа11у imроSsiЬ1е to keep the сhагts соггесtеd eVen though Hequent SuгVеуS аге
саггiеd оut. When naVigating in Such агеаS With smа11 mагgiпS of depth Ье1оw the
kее1, the mагiпег should епsuге that he оЬtаiпS the 1аtеst known depths fГоm the
1оса1 аuthогitiеS.
Сога1 гееfs сап gгоw as much as 0-05 m in а уеаг, ог 5 m in а сепtuгу.
Shifting Ьапks ог Sand WaveS may thеmsе1Vеs арргесiаЬ1у аltег dерths, ог may
moVe ог uпсоVег wгесks пеаг thеm.
Magnetic VагiаtiОп
1. No сhагt is iпfаl1iЬlе.
2. ShipS dоп't take the gгоuпd When the dгаught exceeds the depth of wаtег.
3. The mагiпег shоuldп't use the 1агgеst scale fог his рагtiсulаг ршроsе.
4. The ассuгасу of the Sса1е of а сhагt depends оп the ассuгасу of the огigiпа1
suгVеу.
5. Nеагlу а11 осеап soundings аVаilаЬlе аге fГоm гапdоm lines of Soundings Hom а
Wide Vагiеtу of sоuгсеs of vагуiпg ге1iаЬilitу and ассuгасу.
6. No саге is needed when navigating in the Vicinity of oceanic dапgегS ог
sеаmоuпts.
36
d. арагt Hom Ьеiпg the moSt dеtаilеd, the Sex
4. The 1агgег the sса1е of the сhагt,
1агgег Sса1еS аге uSuаl1у соггесtеd fігSt. dip
а11(
5. Магiпегs should Ье аWаге that many е. WhегеаS оп а Smа11 Sса1е the same
hуdгоgгарhiс officeS use diffегепt depth amount of disр1асеmепt оп the рарег
сгitегiа fог dапgегоus and поп- may mean sеVега1 саЬ1еs. Lo
dапgегоuS Wгесks Hom those of the м1-
Сhагt Specifications of the 1НО,
9. The mагiпег should use the 1агgеSt i. ог may moVe ог uпсоVег wгесks пеаг
Sса1е арргоргiаtе fог his рагtiсulаг thеm.
рuц)оSе,
10. It is imрогtапt to note that in the j. though modem 1агgе Sса1е сhагts аге
Wогst саSеs, such aS isolated is1апds ог oRen рuЬ1ishеd оп the Same Scale aS the
сhагts of gгеаt апtiquitу, огigiпа1 suгVеуS.
tеггеStгiа1 земной
celeStial небесный
оuфut производительность, отдача, итог
Dead Reckoning счисление пути
Estimated position приблизительное местоположение
to соггоЬогаtе подтверждать
aZimuth азимут
twilight сумерки
гапgеfiпdег дальномер
з8
Sextant секстант
dipping погружение, вертикальная качка на
тихой воде
аl1оWапсе разрешение, допущение, принятие в
расчет
LOP (Liпе of Роsitiоп) линия положения
MHHW (Меап Нighег High Wаtег) средняя полная вода сизигийного
прилива
conspicuouS приметный, видимый
eed гасоп радиолокационный маяк-ответчик
гаmагk радиолокационный маяк с
непрерывным излучением
1аttiсе сhагt карта-сетка; карта с координатной
сеткой
iпhегепt свойственный
Vаgагiеs превратности
ргораgаtiоп размножение, распространение
velocity скорость
tеггаiп местность
АStгопоmiсаl ОЬSегvаtiопs
з9
dеgгееs (поt leSS than 10°) аЬоVе the hогizоп. The position 1iпеS оЬtаiпеd fгоm the
ЬоdiеS оЬsегVеd should diffег in aZimuth Ьу 30О ог mоге. Саге should Ье taken in
оЬtаiпiпg а ргоЬаЬ1е poSition if it has Ьееп роSsiЬ1е to оЬsегVе оп1у thгее stагS in
the Same hа1f сiгсlе of the hогizоп.
The Мооп Sights аге sometimes аVаilаЬ1е When stагs аге оЬSсuгеd Ьу 1ight
с1оud, ог in dауtimе. А good position may оНеп Ье оЬtаiпеd in daytime Ьу
simultaneouS оЬSегVаtiопS of the Sun and Мооп, and of the р1апеt VenuS When it
is sufГісiепtlу Ьгight.
The Vа1uе of even а siпg1е poSition 1iпе fгоm ассuгаtе аstгопоmiса1
оЬsегVаtiопs should not Ье оVег1ооkеd. А Sounding оЬtаiпеd at the time of the
оЬSегvаtiоп may оНеп indicate the арргохimаtе 1осаtiоп оп the position 1iпе.
Visual FixeS
Rаdаг
40
of the Width of the гаdаг Ьеаm. If thегеfоге гаdаг iпfогmаtiоп а1опе is аVаilаЬ1е, the
Ьеst fixes Will Ье dегivеd Hom use of thгее ог mоге гаdаг гапgеS as position агсS.
Rаdаг сlеагiпg гапgеs. When ргосееdiпg а1опg а соаSt, it is often роSsiЬ1е
to decide оп the 1еаSt distance to which the coast сап Ье арргоасhеd Without
епсоuпtегiпg оff-1уiпg dапgегS. РгоVidiпg the coaSt сап Ье uпmistаkаЬ1у
idепtifiеd, this distance сап Ье used aS а с1еагiпg гапgе outside of Which the Ship
must геmаiп to ргосееd in sаfеtу. А гаdаг с1еагiпg гапgе сап Ье рагtiсulаг1у uSе"l
off а Stгаight and fеаtuгеlеSs соаst.
Rаdаг геflесtОгS fitted to оЬjесts Such aS ЬuоуS imргоVе the гапgе of
detection and aSsist idепtifiсаtiоп. Most imрогtапt Ьuоуs and many miпог ЬuоуS
аге noW fitted With гаdаг геПесtогS, Which аге often iпсоцjогаtеd within the
Stгuсtuге of the Ьuоу and So not VisiЬ1е to the mагiпег. 1п conSequence сегtаiп
соuпtгiеS по 1oпgег ShoW Such гаdаг геПесtогs оп thеiг сhагts, So that Аdmiга1tу
сhагts Ьаsеd оп thoSe сhагts cannot ShoW гаdаг геПесtогs еithег.` Rаdаг геНесtогS
оп ЬuоуS of the IALA Магitimе Buoyage Systems аге not сhагtеd, fог similаг
геаsопS, and to give mоге с1агitу to the imрогtапt tорmагks.
42
6. А fix Ьу оп1у two оЬSегVаtiопs is f. ог Ьу оЬSегVаtiоп of а Ьгight Stаг at
1iаЬ1е to undetected еггогS, in taking the dауЬгеаk and апоthег shогtlу аftегwагds
ьеагiпgs' of the Sun When а few dеgгееS (поt 1еss
than 10О) аЬоvе the hогizоп.
з.з. LIGнтS
Агсs dгаwп оп сhагts гоuпd а 1ight аге not intended to give infomation aS to
the distance at which the 1ight сап Ье sееп, Ьut to indicate the агсs of visiЬilitу, ог,
in case of 1ights Which do not show the Same сhагасtегistiсs ог со1оuг in а11
diгесtiопS, the Ьеагiпgs Ьеtwееп Which the diffегепсеS оссuг.
The Stated 1imits of sесtогs may not а1WауS Ье the same as thoSe арреагiпg
to the еуе, so that they Should iпvагiаЬ1у Ье checked Ьу compaSS Ьеагiпg.
When а 1ight is cut off Ьу S1орiпg 1апd the Ьеагiпg оп Which the 1ight Will
disарреаг Will Vагу With distance and the оЬsегVег'S height of еуе.
The 1imits of ап агс of VisiЬilitу аге гаге1у с1еаг сut, еSресiа1lу at а shогt
distапсе, and instead of disарреагiпg Suddеп1у the 1ight usuа11у fades аRег the 1imit
of the Sесtог haS Ьееп сгоSSеd.
44
At the Ьоuпdагу of sесtогS of diffегепt со1оuг thеге is uSuаl1у а smаl1 агс in
which the 1ight may Ье еithег оЬSсuгеd, iпdеtегmiпаtе in соlоuг, ог Whitе.
1п со1d Wеаthег, and mоге рагtiсulаг1у With гарid changes of Wеаthег, the
1апtеm g1аSS and sсгеепs аге often соVегеd With mоistuге, fгоst ог SпоW, the SесtОг
of uпсегtаiпtу is then сопsidегаЬ1у iпсгеаsеd in Width and соlоuгеd sесtогs may
арреаг mоге ог 1еSS Whitе. The effect is gгеаtег in gгееп sесtогS and Weak 1ights.
Uпdег theSe conditionS white sесtогS tend to extend into со1оuгеd and оЬsсuгеd
Sесtогs, and fixed ог occulting 1ights into Hashing опеS.
RangeS
Тhеге аге two сгitегiа fог detemining the maximum гапgе at Which а 1ight
сап Ье Sееп. Fiгstlу, the 1ight must Ье аЬоvе the hогizоп; sесопdlу, the 1ight must
Ье роWегЫl enough to Ье seen at this гапgе.
Gеоgгарhiсаl гапgе is the maximum distance at which а 1ight сап геасh ап
оЬSегVег as dеtегmiпеd Ьу the height of еуе of the оЬSегVег, the height of the
stгuсtuге and the сuгVаtuге of the еагth.
LuminouS гапgе is the maximum distance at Which а 1ight сап Ье sееп,
dеtегmiпеd оп1у Ьу the intenSity of the 1ight and the VisiЬilitу at the timе. It takeS
по account of е1еVаtiоп, оЬsегVег'S height of еуе, ог сuгVаtuге of the еагth.
Nominal гапgе is погmаllу the Luminous гапgе fог а mеtеого1оgiсаl
visiЬilitу of 10 milеS.
Details of these гапgеs, and diаgгаms fог uSe With thеm, аге given in each
Vо1umе of Аdmiга1tу List of Lights.
The distance of ап оЬsегVег Hom а 1ight cannot Ье estimated Hom its аррагепt
ьгightпеSS.
The distance at Which 1ights аге sighted VагiеS gгеаtlу with аtmоsрhегiс
conditions and this distance may Ье iпсгеаsеd Ьу аЬпоmа1 геfГасtiоп. The 1ооm of
а роWегЫ1 light is oRen Seen fаг Ьеуопd the арргоргiаtе Gеоgгарhiсаl гапgе. The
sighting distance Will Ье геduсеd Ьу fоg, hаZе, dust, smoke ог ргесiрitаtiоп: а 1ight
of 1оW intensity is eaSily оЬSсuгеd Ьу апу of these conditionS and the sighting
гапgе of eVen а 1ight of Vегу high intensity is сопsidегаЬlу геduсеd in such
сопditiопs. Fог this геаSоп the intenSity ог Nominal гапgе of а light Should alwayS
Ье сопsidегеd When estimating the гапgе at which it may Ье Sightеd, Ьеагiпg in
mind that Vагуiпg аtmоsрhегiс conditionS may exist Ьеtwееп the оЬSегVег and the
1ight.
Аего Li8hts
The intenSity of аего 1ights is often gгеаtег than that of moSt mагiпе
паVigаtiопа1 lights, and they аге often р1асеd at high еlеVаtiопS. They may Ье the
fігSt 1ights, ог 1ооms of 1ights, sighted When арргоасhiпg 1апd. Those 1ikе1у to Ье
VisiЬ1е fгоm SеаWагd аге сhагtеd and iпс1udеd in Аdmiга1tу List of Lights.
45
Аего lights аге not maintained aS аге mагiпе naVigational lights and may Ье
extinguished ог а1tегеd without Waming to the mагiпег.
ОЬStгuсtiоп Lights
1. The stated limits of sесtогS аге а1WауS the Same as those арреагiпg to the еуе.
2. Тhеге аге thгее сгitегiа fог dеtегmiпiпg the maximum гапgе at Which а light сап
ье Sееп.
3. Nominal гапgе is погmаllу the LuminouS гапgе fог а mеtеого1оgiса1 VisiЬilitу of
10 milеS.
4. The intensity of аего lights is оНеп 1еss than that of moSt mагiпе паVigаtiопа1
lights, thаt'S Why they аге often р1асеd at high еlеVаtiопS.
5. Аего 1ights аге maintained aS аге mагiпе naVigational 1ights.
1. The distance at which 1ights аге sighted VагiеS gгеаtlу With аtmоsрhегiс
conditionS and this distance may Ье iпсгеаSеd Ьу аЬпоmаl
2. At the Ьоuпdагу of sесtогS of diffегепt thеге is usuаl1у а smа11 in
Which the 1ight may Ье еithег оЬSсuгеd, indeteminate in со1оuг, ог WhitеГ
1ights аге uSuа1lу геd.
4. тhе of а роWегml light is often seen fаг Ьеуопd the арргоргiаtе
Gеоgгарhiса1 гапgе.
5. When а 1ight is cut off Ьу S1орiпg 1апd the оп Which the 1ight will
disарреаг Will Vагу with distance and the оЬsегVег's height of еуе.
46
е 2. Radio tоWегs, сhimпеуS, tаl1 Ь. as dеtегmiпеd Ьу the height of еуе of
Ьuildiпgs, mоЬilе dгilliпg гigs, оffshоге the оЬSегVег, the height of the Stгuсtuге
р1аtfоmіS and оthег оЬjесts Which may and the сuгvаtuге of the еагth.
Ье dапgегоus to аiгсгаft
3. The distance of ап оЬsегVег Hom а с. соlоuгеd SесtогS may арреаг mоге ог
1ight 1еss Whitе.
4. Gеоgгарhiсаl гапgе is the maximum d. cannot Ье eStimated fгоm its аррагепt
distance at Which а 1ight сап геасh ап ьгightпеSs.
оЬSегvег
5.1п cold Wеаthег, the 1апtеm g1аSS and е. and mаУ Ье extinguished ог а1tегеd
sсгеепS аге often соVегеd With mоistuге, Without Waming to the mагiпег.
Host ог SпоW,
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2.Rеаd the text and idепtifУ its gist:
DеsсгiрtiОп
IALA Магitimе Buoyage System is noW widely uSed thгоughоut the wог1d.
Details of the асtuа1 Ьuоуаgе SyStem used in апу агеа аге given in Аdmiга1tу
Sailing DiгесtiопS. Сhагt SуmЬо1S and аЬЬгеviаtiОпs used With the IALA Магitimе
Buoyage SyStem аге given оп Сhагt 5011 and in NP 735 IALA Магitimе Buoyage
SуStеm.
47
Navigation aids аге Sресiа1 stгuсtuгеS 1ikе 1ighthоuSеS, 1ightshiрs, Ьеасопs,
Ьuоуs, еtс. that аге uSed to enhance safety Ьу ргоVidiпg mоге оррогtuпitiеs to
оЬtаiп LОРS. These 1ights and mагks аге ргеSсгiЬеd асгоss the Wог1d Ьу the
Iпtегпаtiопаl ASSOciatiOn of LighthouSe АuthогitiеS (IАLА). 1п 1977 this
IALA епdогSеd two mагitimе Ьuоуаgе Sуstеms. Region А (IАLА А) соVегS а11 of
Еuгоре and most of the геSt of the Wогld Whегеаs Region В (IАLА В) соVегS оп1у
the Аmегiсаs, Jарап, the PhilippineS and Когеа. Fогtuпаtе1у, the diffегепсеs
Ьеtwееп theSe two syStems аге fеw. The moSt stгikiпg diffегепсе is the diгесtiоп
of Ьuоуаgе (sее Lаtега1 Ьuоуs Ье1оW). А11 mагks Within the IALA System аге
distinguished Ьу: Shаре, Со1оuг, Тор mагk, Light, Light Idепtifiсаtiоп.
Duгiпg daytime identification of naVigation aids is accomplished Ьу
оЬsегviпg: lОсаtiОп, Shаре, соlоuг Sсhеmе, аuхiliагу fеаtuгеS (Sоuпd Sigпа1S,
RАСОN, RС, еtс.) ог mагkiпgs (паmе, пumЬег, еtс.).
Duгiпg the пight, We uSe the fеаtuгеs of the naVigation аid'S light to Ьоth
idепtiЩ it and аsсегtаiп its рuфоsе. Тhеге аге thгее fеаtuгеS to dеSсгiЬе the 1ight:
СОlоuг: еithег Whitе, геd, gгееп ог уеl1оw. If по со1оuг is stated in the сhагt,
default is Whitе.
Регiоd: The time in Seconds needed fог опе соmр1еtе сус1е of сhапgеs.
The аггоW indicateS the 10 second регiоd of this Паshiпg
1ight ,Fl(3) 10 S,.
PhaSe сhагасtегistiс: The рагtiсulаг pattem of changeS Within опе соmр1еtе сус1е
(hепсе, Within опе регiоd). Ве1оW аге the moSt common tуреS:
Fixed (F)
This light Shines With ап uпЬliпkiпg and steady intensity
and is а1Wауs оп. 1п this ехаmр1е а уе11оW fixed 1ight is ShоWп.
FIаShiп8 (Fl):
The duгаtiоп of the 1ight is а1Wауs 1еss than the duгаtiоп of
the dагkпеSs. The fгеquепсу doeS not exceed 30 timeS рег miпutе.
Quick FlaShing (Q):
Аgаiп, the duгаtiоп of quick ПаSh is lesS than the dагkпеsS.
The fгеquепсу is at least 60 timeS рег miпutе.
Vегу Quick FIaShing (VQ):
Also hеге, the duгаtiоп of Vегу quick Паsh is lesS than the
dагkпеSs. The fГеquепсу is at leaSt 100 timeS рег miпutе.
Iпtеггuрtеd Quick Flashing (IQ):
Quick F1аshiпg with опе moment of dагkпеss in опе
регiоd.
ISOphaSe (IS0):
і і HThis Light has еquа1 duгаtiоп Ьеtwееп light and dагkпеSS. А
регiоd consists of ЬОth а light and а dагk iпtегVаl. А1Sо called Equal IпtегVаl (Е
Iпt).
48
Gгоuр FlaShing (GрFl(х+х)):
This is асtuа11у а соmЬiпаtiоп of two pattems in опе регiоd.
1п this example the fігSt 2 ПаShеs fо11оWеd Ьу the pattem of 3 HaShes геSult in
GрFl(2+3)'.
Occulting (Осс):
± ----TOcculting is the oppoSite of Паshiпg, the 1ight is mоге оп than
оff.
Аltегпаtiпg (АL) :
А11 1ightеd naVigation aids аге еithег mаjОг ог miпог lights, Whеге mаjог 1ights
аге used fог key паVigаtiопа1 points а1опg sеасоаSts, сhаппе1s and hагЬоuг and
гivег епtгапсеs. These 1ights аге погmаl1у р1асеd in 1ightshiрS, 1ighthоusеS and
оthег регmапепtlу iпstа11еd stгuсtuгеs, ргоVidiпg Ьоth high intensity and high
ге1iаЬilitу of the 1ights. Маjог 1ights аге then SuЬdividеd in ргimагу lights (vегу
stгопg, 1опg гапgе 1ights used fог the рuгроsе of making 1апdfа11S ог соаstа1
раsSаgеS) and sесопdагу lights (Shогtег гапgе lights found fог ехаmр1е at hагЬоuг
and гivег епtгапсеS). Imрогtапt details of (еSресiа11у) ргimагу 1ights сап Ье found
in а геfегепсе са11еd the Light List Whеге infomation (аЬоut реdеStа1S, еtс.) сап
Ье found Which is not iпс1udеd in the сhагt. Мiпог 1ights оп the оthег hand аге
likе1у to Ье found within hагЬоuгS, а1опg сhаппе1S and гivегS.
The 1осаtiоп of 1аtега1 ЬuоуS defines the ЬогdегS of сhаппе1s and indicates
the diгесtiоп. Uпdег IALA А геd Ьuоуs mагk the рогt side of the сhаппе1 when
49
геtumiпg Е.оm sеа, WhегеаS uпdег IALA В gгееп ЬuоуS mагk the рогt side of the
сhаппе1 When Sailing tоWагds 1апd. Red ЬuоуS haVe eVen пumегаtiОп and геd lights
and gгееп Ьuоуs haVe odd пumегаtiоп and gгееп 1ights.
Lаtега1 lights сап haVe апу са1m phase сhагасtегistiс except FL (2+1).
II dЁь dЁ
Gепега11у, When two сhаппе1S mееt, опе Will Ье deSignated the ргеfеггеd
сhаппе1 (i.е., most imрогtапt сhаппе1). The Ьuоу depicted оп the гight indicates the
ргеfеггеd channel to StагЬоагd uпdег IALA А. The 1ight phaSe сhагасtегistiс is R
FL (2+1):
The Ьuоу depicted оп the leR indicates the ргеfеггеd channel to рогt uпdег
IALA А. These Ьuоуs аге mагkеd With the пumегаtiопs of Ьоth сhаппе1s. The light
phase сhагасtеhstiс is G FL (2+1):
Сагdiпаl BuoyS
The fоuг сагdiпаl ЬuоуS indicate the safe side of а dапgег with ап арргохimаtе
Ьеагiпg. Fог ехаmр1е, the WeSt сагdiпа1 Ьuоу has Safe Wаtег оп its West and the
dапgег оп its East sidе. Notice the 'сlосkwisе' геSеmЬ1апсе of the 1ight phaSe
сhагасtегistiсs. The tорmагks consist of twO Ь1асk tгiапglеS placed in ассогdапсе
With the Ь1асk/уеllоW scheme of the Ьuоу. When а neW оЬStасlе (поt yet ShoWn оп
сhагts) needs to Ье mагkеd, twO сагdiпаl ЬuоуS Will Ье used to indicate this
'uпсhагtеd' dапgег. The сагdiпаl System is identical in Ьоth the IALA А and IALA
В Ьuоуаgе sуstеms.
50
Q(9) 15 s
VQ t9) 1 о s т
ш _ ЁЁЁ!
Wе=t
Jяьь,
- uогth
* -:-iЁ±= жt{$±
Qр) 1пs
г--
.-
vQq) 5=
LJ
vQ(Б) + LF[ 1о s
§оuth
Notice that WhегеаS most hогizопtаl stгiрiпg 'sре11S dапgег', this Safe wаtег
Ьuоу is Vегtiсаl1у Stгiреd. These mагks аге fог ехаmр1е sеаWагd of а11 оthег ЬuоуS
(1аtега1 and сагdiпаl) and сап Ье used to make 1апdfа11. Lights аге uSuаl1у calm and
Whitе.
51
Special Buoys and Магks
Range
The sо1е рuгроsе of these diamond shaped dауЬоагds is to help the Vessel
орегаtог dеtегmiпе hisЛіег lосаtiоп. They аге like the "Х's" оп shopping mall maps
"Yоu аге hеге". Арргоргiаtе паutiса1 сhагt must Ье consulted to detemine lосаtiоп.
Safe Wаtег
Isolated Dапgег
No NumЬегs - Мау Ве Lеttегеd
White Light оп1у
F1(2) 5s
+.
вR„А„
FI(2)
5s Lighted Uп1ightеd
These aids indicate ап isо1аtеd dапgег which may Ье passed оп а11 Sidеs.
They аге егесtеd оп ог mоогеd оп ог пеаг dапgегS, they should not Ье арргоасhеd
с1оsе1у Without Sресiа1 саutiоп.
When lightеd, may display апу 1ight гhуthm except quick Hashing and Паshiпg (2)
# оп
# Е clusАгеа Rор
#stгiсtеdгаtiопs
Iпfогmаtiоп and Rеgulаtогу Магks аге used to а1егt VеSSе1 орегаtогs to VагiоuS
ап9 г
53
о
Infomation
Fог displaying
infomation such aS вuоу uSed to display мау ShoW White light
diгесtiопs, distапсеS, геgulаtогу mагkегS may Ье 1еttегеd
lосаtiопS, еtс.
МООГiП8 ВuОУ
Мау ShoW White ог RеНесtог Light
Моогiпg Buoys аге White With а Ьluе hогizопtаl Ьапd. This distinctive со1ог
scheme is uSed to facilitate identification and to aVoid conmsion with aids to
паVigаtiоп.
Unlighted Lighted
54
These aids аге not intended to assist in паVigаtiоп, Ьut гаthег to а1егt the Vessel
орегаtог to а Special fеаtuге ог агеа (апсhогiпg, tгаffіс sерагаtiоп, fish net агеа, саЬ1е
ог рiре1iпе, militагу ехегсisе агеаS, jеttiеS, еtс.)
Ехегсisе 3. Аге the fо1lоWiпg Sentences tгuе (/) ог fа1Sе (х)? Соггесt the fа1Sе опеS:
1. NaVigation aids аге Sресiа1 Stгuсtuгеs 1ikе 1ighthоuSеs, 1ightshiрS, Ьеасопs, ЬuоуS,
еtс. that аге uSed fог sаfеtу.
2. Duгiпg the dау, we uSe the fеаtuгеS of the navigation aid 1ight to Ьоth idепtiЩ it
and аSсегtаiп its рuгроsе.
3. Тhеге аге two fеаtuгеs to dеSсгiЬе the 1ight.
4. Маjог 1ights аге then SuЬdividеd in ргimагу 1ights and sесопdагу 1ights.
5. Тhеге аге six typeS of naVigation Ьuоуs.
6. The 1осаtiоп of 1аtега1 Ьuоуs defmeS the Ьогdегs of сhаппе1s and indicateS the
diгесtiоп.
7. The five сагdiпа1 ЬuоуS indicate the safe side of а dапgег With ап арргохimаtе
ьеагiпg.
8. Isо1аtеd dапgег mагk indicates the position of ап isо1аtеd dапgег, сопtгагу to
1аtега1 Ьuоуs which indicate а diгесtiоп away Hom the dапgег.
9. Sресiа1 Buoys and mагks haVe not ап асtuа1 naVigation рuгроSе.
10. State Wаtег ОЬstгuсtiоп Магk is а Ь1асk/геd Vегtiса11у stгiреd Ьuоу used to
indicate to а vеSsе1 орегаtог that ап оЬStгuсtiоп to navigation extends Hom the
пеагеst shоге to the Ьuоу.
55
Unit 4. SнIр нАNDLING
Lеагпiпg оЬiесtivеs:
1. to teach the 1апguаgе and concepts found While handling а shiр;
П. to Ьгоаdеп and expand the studепts' соmргеhепSiоп and kпоW1еdgе in tегms
assOciated With ship hапdliпg;
Ш. to епаЬ1е them to uпdегstапd and арр1у the Specific iпfогmаtiоп;
IV. to dеVе1ор the studепts' 1апguаgе and ргоfеssiопа1 Skills песеssагу fог
SucceSsml Wогk.
58
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2.Rеаd the text and idепtifУ its gist:
59
3. cRG meanS с. а dynamic ргосеSs
6. The naVigation SyStem optimum use f. орегаtог ехрегiепсе and Skill, his
VагiеS aS Ьеhаviог in stгеssеd Situаtiоп.
61
squаttm8 увеличение осадки кормой на ходу
Ьгоасhiпg зарыскивание, выныривание,
внезапное вспль1тие
to plunge нырять, погружаться
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
FoRcES
СОпtгоllаЬIе FОгсеS
- Lines
- Engines
- Ргореl1ег/S
- Ruddег/S
- Аuхiliагу Ргорulsiоп
- АпсhогS
- тu8s
UпсопtгоllаЬlе Fогсеs
- Wind
- cunent
-Sеа
- рiег space
- тimе delay
- Shа11оW Wаtег Effects
- Bank СushiОп/Suсtiоп
СопtгоllаЬlе FОгсеS
Неге We need to uпdегStапd the diffегепt typeS of lineS that аге uSed
опЬоагd. Lines аге с1аSsiНеd ассогdiпg to thеiг diгесtiоп, рulроsе, and uSе:
а. fОгWагd ог аftег: dеsсгiЬеS the diгесtiоп in Which the 1iпе leads Hom the
Shiр.
62
у Ь. ЬОW, Wаist, Stегп, ог quагtег: dеSсгiЬеS the point оп the ship Hom Which the
1iпе огigiпаtеS.
с. ЬгеаSt ог Sргiпg: dеSсгiЬеS the use of the liпе. А Ьгеаst 1iпе is at гight апg1еS
fгоm the ship and the рiег, and ргеVепts Hom аthwагtshiрS mоtiоп. А Sргiпg
1iпе 1еаds fогwагd ог aft and ргеVепts fГоm ahead ог astem mоtiоп.
LineS аге пumЬегеd, fоге to аft, ЬаSеd оп 1осаtiоп оп the Shiр.
2. АпсhОг. Мау Ье used to аid/геstгiсt movement of ship
-ShiрS usuа11у haVe two stапdагd stockleSS апсhогs
-геаdу fог dгор ргiог to u/w and епtегiпg рогt
-usiпg ап апсhог to mапеuVег the Ship is геfеггеd to aS а ``роог mап'S tug."
3. Тugs. АЬSо1utеlу еsSепtiа1 fОг Sаfе, quick mоогiпg, eSpecially if we аге tа1kiпg
аЬоut 1агgег VеsSеls. USed to mапеuVег а ship When in геStгiсtеd wаtегS Ьу
pushing ог pulling aS diгесtеd.
4. ЕпgiпеS. These аге "сопtгоllаЬ1е" оп1у if the conning оffісег knows what he is
doiпg.
Engines and Ргореllегs
SсгеW Сuггепt
63
ргореllегS
Ргоре11ег FОгсеS
Side fогсе
Fгiсtiопа1 Wake сuггепt
Sсгеw сuггепt
Ruddег
UпсопtгоllаЬlе FОгсеs
1. Wiпd: The effect оЬviоuslу Vагiеs Eom ship to shiр. А vеsSе1 with а 1агgе sail
агеа to catch the Wind may have а 1оt of difficulty in mоогiпg if the Wind is
offsetting (Ь1оwiпg away Hom the рiег). MoSt ShipS and Ьоаts haVe а tendency
to Ьасk into the wiпd. А vessel with а 1агgе Suрегstгuсtuге fаг fогWагd Will Ье
difficult to tum into а stiff ЬгееZе, due to the Wind fогсе ехегtеd up fогWагd.
2. Сuггепts/ТidеS: The action hеге is analogouS to that of the wiпd, except the
effect is due to Wаtег pushing against the hull instead of аiг pushing againSt the
аЬоvе wаtег sail агеа of the shiр. We геfег to сuггепt as Set (thе diгесtiоп) and
dгift (thе sрееd). 1п gепега1, а heaVily 1аdеп With 1оW fгееЬоагd Will геасt mоге
Stгопg1у to сuггепt.
64
3. Depth of Wаtег: The moSt imрогtапt point hеге is that if the depth of the Wаtег
is leSs than the dгаft of уоuг VеSsеl, уоu'Vе got а Sегiоus ргоЬlеm. This сап Ье
made WогSе Ьу the phenomenon knoWn as squаttiпg, Which оссuгS aS you pick
up sрееd-thе action of Shiр'S fогwагd motion cauSes the Stem to Siпk.
4. Sea Stаtе: Running Ьеfоге а 1агgе sea ргеSепts the dапgег of Ьгоасhiпg, that is
1iftiпg the Stem (апd thus the SсгеWs and гuddегs) out of the Wаtег. The Sea Will
tend to push the ship Ьгоаdsidе to the WаVеS, and then thеге is at miпimum, а
Vегу гоugh гidе, апd, in ап ехtгеmе1у SеVеге stогm, the dапgег of сарSiziпg.
Running into the seaS also ргеsепts а dапgег- speed Should Ье adjusted So that
the ЬоW is not dгivеп into oncoming WаVеS. If this оссuгS, thеге is а dапgег that
the Ship Will plunge into the oncoming WаVе, and пеVег come Ьасk up .
5. Hull ConditiOnS and Ship LОаdiпg: This isп't tгulу uпсопtго11аЬ1е (uп1ikе the
Wеаthег, Which you геа11у сап't сопtгоl) Ьut ргоЬаЬ1у not Something you сап
change when you take the Watch as conning оffiсег. Hulls need to Ье с1еапеd
регiоdiсаl1у, and опе that has not Ьееп с1еапеd гесепtlу Will Ье Slowег, due to
the Ьuilduр of mагiпе gгоWth that оссuгS. LikеWisе, loading Will affect how уоuг
ship hапdlеS- а tор-hеаVу vеsSе1 Will not take the Wеаthег aS Well aS а ship that
haS а 1оWег сепtег of gгаVitу
6. NаггоW СhаппеIS. Ргосееd at Slow speed keeping пеаг the middle of the
channel to avoid the fоllоWiпg:
- Ьапk cushion - Wedge of Wаtег Ьеtwееп ship and Ьапk Ьuilds up fогсiпg ЬоW
out Shагрlу;
- Ьапk Suction - dесгеаsе of Wаtег 1еVеl пеаг quагtег due to Suction of Sсгеw to
Ьапk dгаWS Stem с1оSег;
- act tоgеthег to cause shеег tоWагds oppoSite Ьапk;
- aVoid оVегtаkiпg/раSsiпg in this situаtiоп.
7. ShaIlow Wаtег Effects
Ship iпсгеаsеs Sрееd, it Stагts to Sink 1оWег in the Wаtег;
distinct ЬоW and Stem WaVes аге fогmеd;
Wаtег 1еVе1 amidshipS Ьесоmеs lоWег than the Suггоuпdiпg Wаtег;
Ьоw Stагts to гisе and Stem Siпks(squаttiпg);
Wake сап cauSe damage to shоге Stгuсtuгеs, апсhогеd Ьоаts, mоогеd Ьоаts.
9. Most ShipS and Ьоаts haVe а tendency i.1iftiпg the Stem out of the Wаtег.
10. BoW Тhгustегs аге fitted ргimагilу j . Ь1оwiпg aWay fгоm the рiег.
оп аmрhiЬs, and Vегу hе1рml when
mапеuVегiпg in shа11оW Wаtег с1оSе to
the ьеасh.
П. Reading acdvitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
Stапdагd COmmands
1. Stапdагd commands аге uSed Ьу the conning оffісег to сопtго1 the shiр'S
engineS and гuddег, and hopemlly to dгivе the Ship in а sаfе, еffісiепt, and
ргоfеssiопа1 mаппег.
2. Ruddег огdегS: tурiса1lу, а гuddег огdег conSists of а diгесtiоп fо11оWеd Ьу ап
аmоuпt. Ruddег огdегs аге alwayS left ог гight (поt рогt ог stагЬоагd) and аге
tурiса11у еithег stапdагd (tурiса11у 15О) ог Ы11 (tурiсаl1у 3oО). If а diffегепt
гuddег апg1е is dеSiгеd, the Specific amount (iп dеgгееs) is usеd. Fог ап
еmегgепсу, а hагd гuddег command is usеd, which means that the гuddег is
taken aS fаг left ог гight as it will tгаVе1.
а. "Right Stапdагd гuddег" - moVe уоuг гuddег гight dеgгееS. (асtuа1
amount Vагiеs Hom ship to shiр, Ьut tурiса1|у l 5О.)
Ь. "Lеft 10 dеgгееS гuddег" -mоvе уоuг гuddег to 1еft,10 dеgгееS.
с. "Iпсгеаsе" and "Еаsе" аге uSed to adjust гuddег роSitiоп.
d. "Ruddег аmidshiрs" puts the гuddег at Zего апg1е.
68
е. "Мееt hег" - use the гuddег aS песеsSагу to сhесk, Ьut not Stор, the Shiр's
tum. USe to ргеVепt Hom Swinging paSt the neW соuгSе. If уоu'Vе SpeciHed а
neW соuгSе to the hе1msmап, he Will do this аutоmаtiса1lу.
f. "Stеаdу aS She gоеS" - Stеег the соuгSе оп which the Ship is headed at the
time the огdег is givеп. Handy When you аге Stеегiпg off а 1апdmагk ог tгуiпg
to make ап арргоасh to апоthег Shiр.
g. "Shift уоuг гuddег"- move the гuddег to the same апg1е in the opposite
diгесtiоп.
h. "Мiпd уоuг hеlm" - Турiса11у uSed at night When dеа1iпg With а tiгеd
hеlmsmап.
i. ``Nоthiпg to the left (гight) of _ dеgгееS" - dO not 1еt the shiр'S head
Swing past the соuгSе iпdiсаtеd.
j. "Кеер hег So." -Stеег the соuгsе just герогtеd Ьу the hе1msmап in ап апSWег
to а queStion аЬоut the Shiр'S hеаdiпg.
k. "Vегу WеlI" - Yоuг геSропsе to а11 герогts given to you Ьу the hе1msmап.
The helmsman Will continue to гереаt his герогt until you асkпоwlеdgе!
Zего, сарstап, Shift уоuг гuddег, meet hег, гоtаtiпg, гight, Vегу Wе11, 1еft, aVaSt
hеаviпg.
69
4.4. TERMINOLOGY
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2.Studу the tегmiпо1оgу and tгу to defme the Wогds using уоuг own
idеаS:
1. Тuгпiпg Сiгсlе: the path folloWed Ьу the shiр'S pivot point When executing а
360-dеgгее tum.
2. Аdvапсе: the distance tгаvе1еd in the diгесtiоп of the ргеViоuS соuгSе аftег the
гuddег is put oVег to come to а new соuгSе.
3. Тгапsfег: the distance tгаVеlеd at а гight апg1е to the ргеviоus соuгsе аftег the
гuddег is put оVег to come to а neW соuгsе.
4. Tactical Diаmеtег: Регрепdiсulаг distance Ьеtwееп the огigiпа1 соuгsе and the
neW соuгsе When making а 180-dеgгее tum using constant гuddег апg1е.
5. Pivot РОiпt: а point а1опg the сепtег1iпе аЬоut which the Ship tums When the
гuddег is put оvег. Nеагlу а1wауS located аЬоut 1/3 of the distance Hom the ЬоW
tоwагds the Stеm. It is eSSential that the conning оfНсег keep in mind the
location of the pivot point When tuming the ship in геstгiсtеd WаtегS. When the
ЬоW goeS гight, the Stem Swings 1еН!
6. "Кiсk the Stегп оut": this геfегS to the motion of the Shiр'S stem aWay Hom the
diгесtiоп of а tum When the гuddег is put оVег. Note that iпitiаllу, the Ship Will
not tum much (duе to the suЬStапtiаl fогwагd momentum of SеVега1 thouSand
tonS of stееl) Ьut aS the tum continueS the гаtе of the tum will iпсгеаSе. At the
Same timе, fогWагd Speed Will dесгеаsе, due to SidewayS motion thгоugh the
Wаtег.
7. Неаdwау: this Would Ье fогWагd mоtiоп.
8. StегпWау: геfегs to aStem mоtiоп.
70
9. Ваге StеегаgеWау: the Speed ЬеlоW which the гuddег по 1опgег Wогks. The
гuddег, as we kпоW, Wогks Ьу using the dynamic ргеssuге of the Wаtег фгеSSuге
due to motion of the wаtег, gепегаtеd Ьу the ргореllегS) to moVe the Stem in the
dеsiгеd diгесtiоп. If the speed is vегу 1оW (uSuа11у а knot ог twо) thеге is
iпSufГісiепt ПоW оVег the гuddег fог it to haVe апу еffесt.
10. Ргоре11ег Wаsh: think of the ргоре11ег aS а рumр. The ргоре11ег haS Suсtiоп,
and the disсhагgе is known aS the ргоре11ег WaSh - this Wash is What makeS the
гuddегs Wогk.
11. Suгgе: distance gаiпеd/1оst duгiпg а speed iпсгеаSе ог dесгеаSе
Conning Advice
71
Unit 5. TYPES of ANCHORS
and АNсноRING
Lесtuге 1аVout
5.1 Апсhогs and саЬlеS
5.2 Апсhогiпg
Lеагпiпg ОЫесtivеS:
1. to study diffегепt typeS of апсhогs and wayS of апсhогiпg in VагiоuS situаtiопs;
11. to Ье аЬ1е to stагt ргоfеssiопа1 studieS using Епglish;
111. to gain knowledge of ЬusiпеsS Епg1ish Ьу those еmЬагkiпg оп сагеегS in
mагitimе ЬusiпеSS.
1. Рге-геаdiпg tasks
Ехегсisе 1. Study th е fо11оwiпg Wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопS:
72
nuke ' ..,, гl l ,--
fоге1осk
=якоря
щп_лін~тj._чЁка
fогgеd mild Steel кованая мягкая сталь
gгаVitу ьапd бугель на веретене якоря
gгiр рукоятка, зажим
to hang off пристопорить, выпустить
hinge петля, шарнирное соединение
impact удар
to impale прокалывать, пронзать
iпSегtiоп прокладка, вставка
jam сжатие
kedge верпь, стоп-анкер
kink перегиб каната, кабеля, перекручивание
1еаd свинец
lugleSs joining shackle разъемная соединительная скоба якорной
цепи
mаlргасtiсе противозаконное действие
to mould формовать
oakum пакля
tаг смола, деготь
ра1m ` ,+," `" лLЁЕ±(якоря)
pin шпилька, болт
to ргоtгudе высовывать(ся) , торчать
punch пробойник
to геаm out высверливать
to ге-саulk переконопатить и пересмолить
to гесеsS углублять, делать выемку
веретено (якоря)
:::#а:с# запасной становой якорь
Slot паз, щель. канавка
sпu8 гнездо (в цепном барабане)
Spile плазовая рейка с карандашом
sргосkеt цепное колесо, звездочка
stгеаm апсhог стоп-анкер, кормовой (вспомогательный)
якорь
Stud распорка(звена, цепи)
Swа8е штамповочный молот
tарег конус, уклон
tenSile stгепgth предел прочности на разрыв
tin олово
tгепd направление
tгiррiпg palm прилив для разворота лап якоря
tumь1е переворачивание, опрокидывание
wгоught iгоп сварочная сталь
73
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 1.Rеаd the text and idепtifУ its gist:
This апсhог is also illustгаtеd in рiсtuге 1. It haS по stосk, and сап thегеfоге
Ье hoVe гight home into the haWse рiре, quickly Sесuгеd, and is геаdу fог inStant
letting gо. The епtiге hеаd, including the аггпS and Пukеs, is аЬ1е to pivot аЬоut the
end of the Shапk. Its апg1е of гоtаtiоп is 1imitеd Ьу stopS to 45 dеgгееS Hom the
axis of the Shапk. 1п some designS this апg1е is as 1оW aS 30 dеgгееS. The head
must Weigh at least 60% of the tоtа1 Weight of the апсhог.
If it StгikеS the sеа-Ьеd With the Пukеs Vегtiсаl, thеiг tгiррiпg palms chafe the
Suгfасе and Stагt гоtаtiоп of the аms. The апсhог haS good holding роWег, in the
геgiоп of thгее to fоuг timeS its Weight in efficient hо1diпg gгоuпd, Ьut haS а
moVing рагt Which сап Ьесоmе choked With Sеа-Ьеd mаtегiаl. This may Well cauSe
the HukeS to fail to ге-tгiр should the апсhог Ье Ьгоkеп out of its holding роSitiоп.
Fог this геаsоп, When апсhогiпg fог Some timе, it is а good ргасtiсе to геgulагlу
Weigh the апсhог and sight it.
74
HaVing по Stock this type of апсhог is uпstаЬlе, and When dгаggiпg uпdег
heaVy 1оаd is 1iаЬlе to гоtаtе thгоugh 180 dеgгееs. If the HukeS fail to ге-tгiр, апу
hо1diпg роWег геmаiпiпg is due епtiгеlу to Weight апd, in tum, Нiсtiоп. The Size of
the ПukеS is а diгесt mеаSuге of the holding ргорегtiеS.
Both the Stocked and the stocklesS апсhогs may have а гiпg Sесuгеd to the
shank at the апсhог's сепtге of gгаVitу. This is the gгаVitу Ьапd.
The moSt common types found in the Мегсhапt SегViсе аге the Вуег'S,
Наll's and Тау1ог'S patent stocklesS апсhогs.
"й*#8 р®Ё
stосkk"`_-'-_`-*=§
ё#н№п аgЁ"
--,L,'чJюN
® to -""м
75
Chain СаЬ1е
This may Ье made of Wгоught iгоп, fогgеd mild stее1, caSt stееl, ог sресiаl-
quality fогgеd stееl.
The Size of chain саЬ1е is mеаSuгеd Ьу the diаmеtег of th€ЪСа"гС#Е%m which the
link is made (рiсtuге 3). Studs аге fitted to ргеVепt kinking and 1опgitudiпаl
stгеtсhiпg of the liпks. They аге а1sо said to ргоVidе ап iпсгеаSе in Stгепgth of up to
15 %, соmрагеd With ореп-1iпk chain of the Same sizе. The Studs аге SometimeS
fltted iПtО the 1iпk uпdег а Vегу high ргеSsuге (46tісm2). ;с'с`"о;r«
СаЬ1е is made in 1епgths of 27.5 m called Shасklеs-thе Аmегiсапs са11 them
shоts. They аге connected Ьу 1u§§ёdБfТuglеSS joining shackleS (рiсtuгеS 3 and 4).
When using а 1uggеd joining Shасklе, the lugs аге too Ьig to pass thгоugh а
common 1iпk and аге thегеfоге connected to ап ореп 1iпk Which is unStudded and
knoWn aS the end 1iпk. HaVing по Stud, it is Wеаkег than the common liпks, and is
thегеfоге епlагgеd. This Will not fit а common 1iпk еithег, and the two аге thегеfоге
connected Ьу ап епlагgеd Studded link called ап intemediate liпk. Рiсtuге 3 ShoWs
theSe 1iпks, and the joining Shасklе, tоgеthег With thеiг Size ге1аtivе to the common
liпk. The sizes аге арргохimаtе Ьut пеаг enough fог ргасtiса1 рuфоSеS. The length
of а 1iпk is 6D and its Ьгеаdth 3.6D.
9 § 88 gЁ
\Фъ
•.`.;i`. ..` ,`. ``,` `^ со~,Jr"
k it №ж
/,
-* ,Jж
76
The pin is са11еd the Spile рiп. Веfоге fitting а neW реl1еt, the геmаiпS of the
о1d опе must Ье геаmеd out of the dоVеtаiliпg. Апсhог Shackles haVe а mеtа1 spile
рiп. О1dег ones may Ье found haVing а fогеlосk.
TheSe ShackleS аге fitted to the саЬ1е With the ЬоW end facing оutЬоагd. This
is done So that the 1ugs do not foul ргоjесtiопs as the саЬ1е гuпS оut. Апсhог
Shackles аге fitted in the геVегSе diгесtiоп ЬесаuSе they аге uп1ikеlу to foul aS the
апсhог is let gо, and the 1ugs Will not foul а ргоjесtiоп aS the апсhог is hoVe hоmе.
The Ьо1t Should Ье Wеl1 smеагеd With White 1еаd and tа11оW ог Similаг
compound When аsSеmЬliпg, оthегWisе it may Ьесоmе fгоZеп in роSitiоп. 1п Such а
case the shackle Should Ье heated so that the 1ug expands mоге quickly than that
рагt of the Ьо1t Within it. This сап Ье done With а ЬlоW1аmр in the аЬSепсе of
dосkуагd еquiрmепt.
TheSe аге made of поп-соггоSivе пiсkе1 stее1 and агс in fоuг рагts, опе of
Which is the Stud ог chock (рiсtuге 4). The 1iпk is sесuгеd Ьу means of а mеtа1
Spile pin and 1еаd ре11еt, the pin Ьеiпg dгivеп diаgопаl1у thгоugh the two sideS of
the link and the Stud. TheSe pinS haVe а S1оW tарег of аЬоut опе in thiгtу-twо. То
рагt theSe Shасklеs, the pin and ре11еt аге dгivеп оut, the stud knocked с1еаг, and
the two Sides of the Shackle sерагаtеd Ьу meanS of а top Swage аVаilаЬ1е fГоm the
mапufасtuгег. The uSe of this punch avoids damage to the ассuгаtеlу machined
suгfасеs.
When using these shackleS With fогgеd-Stее1 саЬ1еs, по еп1агgеd links аге
песеSsагу, and they аге thегеfоге idеа1 fог joining а Ьгоkеп саЬ1е. Апсhог ог end
shackleS аге а1sо made to this dеsigп, Ьut аге of а 1агgег Size fог а given саЬ1е than
j oining ShасklеS.
Both typeS of joining shасklе, Whеthег 1uggеd ог luglеSs, аге 1агgег than the
common 1iпks, and may thегеfоге jam in the sргосkеt ог snugs of а саЬ1е hо1dег.
They Should thегеfоге Ье paSSed оVег the 1аttег in the Паt роSitiоп. The spile pin of
а 1uggеd Shackle must Ье реIрепdiсulаг to the саЬ1е-hо1dег suгfасе, while the Spile
pin of а 1uglеss shackle is рага11е1 to the Suгfасе.
77
Саге of АпсhогS and СаЬlеS
78
4. The stockless апсhог сап Ье . . . d .... to StoW with the Stock in
роSitiоп.
6. The moSt common types found in The f.... the Вуег's, На1l's and
Мегсhапt SегViсе аге . . . Тау1ог's patent Stockless апсhогs.
8. When the pin is fimly home а lead ре1lеt h .... the саЬ1е is again tested to its
is ... Stаtutогу ргооf 1оаd.
10. When links аге гер1асеd ог гераiгеd . . . j .... the Shackle Should Ье hеаtеd.
1 1. The апсhогs and саЬlеS Ьепеfіt Hom k .... aS а Ship Swings With the
tidа1 stгеаm ог Wiпd.
5.2. АNсноRING
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1. Study the fо11оwiпg Wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопS:
80
to deem полагаться, думать
DеVil'S claw раздвоенный гак цепного стопора, винтовой
стопор (якорной цепи), карга, двурогий пентер, гак
distогtiоп искажение
dгiviпg pinion ведущая шестерня
to еmьеd вставлять
to entwine сплетать(ся), обвивать(ся)
fаiг1еаd киповая планка, направляющая для проводки
снастей
fа11асу ошибка
паге развал
fог the sake of ради
to fогgе постепенно обгонять, возглавлять
fогеfооt хвостовик форштевня, носовой дейдвуд
to gгiр держать (о якоре)
to 8uу укреплять отгяжками, расчаливать, оттяжка
8урsу швартовный барабан, турачка
to hа1Vе делить
hап8ег крюк, подвесной кронштейн
hарhаZагd случайность
idle неработающий
to imрагt давать, сообщать
to iпсuг подвергаться чему-то
jегk РЫВОК, ТОЛЧОК
jоgg1е shackle удлиненная скоба с быстросъемным штырем
to 1ау out заводить якорь
ledge риф, шельф, бар
1iр край, закраины
maul мушкель, деревянный молоток
to nip зажимать
to р1аtе обшивать металлом
рuгсhаSе подъемное приспособление, тали, гини
to геtагd замедлять
to ге-tгiр расцеплять, освобождать
shank веретено (якоря)
to shаге to stгеSS установиться в напряжении
S1аь плоский
to Slide скользить
to slip расклепывать и выпускать (вытравливать)
to Sпuь резко задерживать (снасть)
spontaneous самопроизвольный
stud стержень, распорка(звена, цепи)
to Suг8е травить, канфорить (снасть)
to swamp заливать , затоплять
81
suSpenslon приостановка
to tauten туго натягивать
uпdегfооt под форштевнем
upWind против ветра
Vigilance бдительность
to Walk ьасk травить снасть(ходом)
wакр Ьагге1 катушка, барабан (лебедки)
to wedge заклинивать
Wiпdwагd наветренная сторона
Wгоu8ht iгоп сварочная сталь
П. Rеаdiщ activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
CIaSsification Equipment
АпсhОгiпg Тегms
The fоl1оWiпg аге а feW of the ехргеSsiопs used in апсhогiпg, and оffісегs
Who may Ье in сhагgе of the fогесаstlе саЬlе-рагtу Will do Wеl1 to acquaint
themselveS With а11 of thеm, fог а misuпdегstооd огdег Hom the Ьгidgе may give
гisе to оthег spontaneouS tегms.
Wind гоdе: а VeSSel is so dеsсгiЬеd When she is гidiпg head to wiпd.
тidе гоdе: а VeSsel is So dеSсгiЬеd When she is гidiпg head to tidе.
Lee tidе: а tidа1 Stгеаm Which is Setting to 1ееWагd ог dоWпWiпd. The
wаtег Suгfасе haS а minimum of chop оп it, Ьut the соmЬiпеd
fогсеs of wind and tide аге acting upon the Shiр.
Wеаthег tidе: а tidа1 Stгеаm Which is Setting to wiпdwагd ог uрwiпd. The
Wаtег suгfасе is Vегу сhорру, Ьut the fогсеs of wind and tide
аге acting in opposition оп the Shiр.
Shогtепiпg-iп: the саЬ1е is Shогtепеd-iп When some of it is hoVe iпЬоагd.
GгоWiпg: the Way the саЬ1е is 1еаdiпg fгоm the hawse рiре, е.g. а саЬ1е
is gгоWiпg aft When it 1еаds аft.
Shогt stау, а саЬ1е is at Shогt Stay When it is taut and 1еаdiпg doWn to the
wаtег с1оsе to the vегtiса1.
Long stау, а саЬ1е is at 1опg Stay when it is taut and leading doWn to the
Wаtег с1оsе to the hогizопtа1.
82
Come tо. Вгоught theSe аге used When а VеSsе1 is гidiпg to hег апсhог and
uр. Got hег саЬ1е: саЬ1е, and the fоmіег is hоldiпg.
SпuЬ саЬ1е: to Stop the саЬ1е гuппiпg out Ьу using the Ьгаkе оп the
WiпdlаSS.
Range саЬ1е: to 1ау out the саЬ1е оп dесk, ог а Whагf, ог in а dгу dосk, еtс.
Vеег саЬ1е, Wа1k to рау out саЬ1е uпdег роWег, i.е. using the WindlasS mоtог.
ьасk:
Walking Ьасk the to lоWег the апсhог uпdег роWег.
апсhог:
Suгgе саЬ1е: to а11оW саЬ1е to гuп out fГееlу, not using the Ьгаkе ог the
Windlass mоtог.
А сосkЬill: uSed to dеsсгiЬе the апсhог When it has Ьееп lоWегеd с1еаг of
the haWSe pipe and is hanging Vегtiса1lу.
Foul апсhог: used to dеSсгiЬе ап апсhог Which is caught in ап uпdегwаtег
саЬ1е, ог which haS Ьгоught о1d hаWsегs to the Suгfасе With
it, ог Which is fouled Ьу its oWn саЬ1е.
ЁЁЁЕЁ*
ыж Lч$ й**
©*ЁЁЁЁв
эЕеэkы вттвр*[н яьін ъ*&*
83
оп deck is геmоVеd. This may include chain ЬгidlеS passed
thгоugh саЬ1е and Shackled to the dесk, and dеvil's сlаwS,
Which аге metal ЬагS hooked thгоugh the саЬ1е and sсгеWеd
up 1ight Ьу means of а гiggiпg sсгеW chained and shackled to
the dесk. Bow Stоррегs haVe thеiг guillotineS геmоVеd fгоm
the саЬ1е When it is сlеагеd. СаЬ1еS агс сlеагеd When the Ship
StгikеS Soundings (i.е. She епtегS WаtегS Whеге depths агс leSS
than 200 m), when the visiЬilitу is роог in апсhогiпg dерths,
and When пеагiпg hагЬоuг. Рiсtuге 6 shoWS vагiоuS
equipment uSed to sесuге саЬlеS.
Nipped саЬ1е: the саЬ1е is nipped when ап оЬStгuсtiоп, Such aS the Stem ог
hаwsе-рiре liр, cauSes it to change diгесtiОп shацtlу.
Rепdег саЬ1е: the саЬ1е is гепdегеd when the Ьгаkе is арр1iеd slасklу, so
that aS weight comeS оп the саЬ1е it is аЬ1е to гuп out slоW1у.
1п са1m Wеаthег the апсhогаgе is арргоасhеd at slow Speed and the апсhог is
1еt go While the Ship has еithег headway ог Stеmwау. The саЬ1е is 1аid оut, and
engines аге uSed to ге1iеVе stгеSSеs in the саЬ1е just Ьеfоге the VеSSе1 Ьгiпgs-tо. The
оffісег Who is апсhогiпg his oWn ship uSuа11у ргеfегS to Stop his VeSSel at the
апсhогаgе Ьу going аstеm. When the ргоре11ег waSh геасhеs the Ship аЬеаm of the
Ьгidgе he uSeS that as а guide that the Ship haS lost wау. The engineS аге then kept
going dead SloW aStem aS the апсhог is 1еt gо. Engines аге Stopped а1mоSt immеdi-
аtе1у and the VeSSel dгifts aStem 1ауiпg out hег саЬ1е, which gгоWS сопtiпuа11у
аhеаd. Just Ьеfоге the геquiгеd scope is оut, the engines аге touched ahead So that
the VesSel gets hег саЬ1е aS gently aS роssiЬlе. This method епSuгеS the chain Ьеiпg
с1еаг of the hull р1аtiпg at а11 timеS.
1п Wаtегs u to 20 m dee the апсhог and саЬ1е Should Ье let go оп the гuп
а1lоWiпg аЬоut dоuЬ1е the depth (оf саЬ1е) to гuп Ьеfоге checking it оп the Ьгаkе.
If the саЬ1е is sпuЬЬеd aS soon as the апсhог toucheS the Ьоttоm the апсhог will Ье
dгаggеd а1опg the Sеа-Ьеd and Will Ье uпаЬ1е to gгiр. Fuгthег, With the Weight of
the апсhог off the саЬ1е, it SometimeS happenS that When the Ьгаkе is ге1еаSеd the
саЬ1е will not гепdег itsе1f. This happenS When thеге is а heaVy weight of саЬ1е
аЬаft the gурSу, 1еаdiпg doWn into the 1oсkег, and When the gypSy is in need of
luЬгiсаtiоп. Ву Suгgiпg the саЬ1е iпitiа11у, the апсhог haS а chance to еmЬеd itsе1f
Ьеfоге the саЬ1е tightепs. Тhеге is а little гisk of а StockleSS апсhог Ьеiпg fouled in
this Wау.
1п Vегу deep апсhогiпg dерths, 100 m and оVег, the епtiге орегаtiоп of
апсhогiпg Should Ье done uпdег роWег. The gypsy should not Ье taken out of gеаг
at а11, ЬесаuSе the heaVy Weight of саЬ1е Ьеtwееп Sеа-Ьеd and haWse pipe Will
uпdоuЬtеdlу take сhагgе.
1п а Wind it is Ьеttег to арргоасh the апсhогаgе heading uрWiпd. The ship is
mоге eaSily сопtго11еd and Will make 1ittlе 1ееwау. If the Wind cannot Ье Ьгоught
84
аhеаd, hоWеVег, the Ship сап 1еt go the апсhог in the usuа1 Way апd, using hег
engines to геliеVе StгеssеS оп the саЬ1е, Swing head to wind aS She Ьгiпgs-tо.
The Wеаthег апсhог Should Ье uSed So as to aVoid nipping the саЬ1е гоuпd the
Stеm. If the VеsSе1 is heading dead into the Wiпd'S еуе she should haVe hег head
caSt off опе way ог the оthег Ьеfоге 1еttiпg go the Wеаthег апсhог. The caSt Should
not Ье ехсеSsivе, ЬесаuSе the ship Will гарidlу Seek to lie асгоSs the Wind and
deVelop а shац] Swing to lееWагd. Соггесtiпg helm and Ьоld uSe of engines should
Ье used if the caSt deVelopS into а Swiпg.
1п а tideWaV the VeSSel Should stem the tide and again апсhог With headway ог
stеmwау, as in са1m Wеаthег ог in а Wiпd. Нег helm Will Ье of uSe eVen While
making по Way оVег the gгоuпd due to the tidal Stгеаm гuппiпg past hег. If the tidal
stгеаm cannot Ье Stemmed the саЬ1е Should Ье гарidlу 1аid out slackly асгоss the
axis of the stгеаm. As she Ьгiпgs-tо in the Stгеаm, the Ьight of the саЬ1е dгаggiпg
асгоss the sеа-Ьеd Will Ьгiпg hег up to hег апсhог Vегу gепtlу. When апсhогiпg in а
tideWay Поаtiпg оЬjесts оVегSidе аге SometimeS used to dеtегmiпе Whеthег the
Ship Still haS hеаdwау. It should Ье noted that these оЬjесts indicate the Shiр'S
Speed геlаtivе to the Wаtег, and а VeSSel stemming а Stгеаm With stаtiопагу Поаtiпg
оЬjесts Ьеsidе hег (i.е. pieces of Wооd, еtс.) Will haVe stemway оVег the gгоuпd
еquа1 to the гаtе of the Stгеаm. Оп1у When theSe оЬjесts dгift aStem Will the Ship Ье
StOpped оVег the gгоuпd Ог haVe headway оVег it.
When апсhогiпg Stemming а Stгеаm and а1sо haVing а wind аЬеаm, the 1ее
апсhог should Ье 1еt go fігst. As she gets hег саЬ1е, hег stem Will then swing to the
Wiпd, causing the саЬ1е to gгоW с1еаг. If she useS the Wеаthег апсhог hег саЬ1е Will
сопtiпuаl1у Ье foul of the ЬоW р1аtiпg.
А tem uSed hеге is sсоре. The length of саЬ1е laid оut, mеаSuгеd Hom the
haWSe pipe to the апсhОг, divided Ьу the distance mеаSuгеd Vегtiса11у Hom the
haWse pipe to the sеа-Ьеd, is са1lеd the scope of саЬ1е. The Scope used depends
upon SеVега1 fасtогs:
(1) Тhе-_паtuге of the hо1diпg gгоuпd. Stiff с1ау, госk, Shеl1s, and Stones аге
сопsidегеd to Ье роог hо1diпg gгоuпd.
(2) The amount of Swiпgiпg-гооm аVаilаЬlе fОг the Ship as the Wind ог Stгеаm
changes in diгесtiоп.
(3) The dеgгее of ехроSuге to Ьаd Wеаthег at the апсhогаgе.
(4) The stгепgth of the Wind ог Stгеаm.
(5) The duгаtiоп of stay at апсhог.
(6) The type of апсhог and саЬ1е.
If the саЬ1е 1еаds Hom the апсhог Shackle in а diгесtiоп 5 dеgгееS аЬоVе the
Shank axis the holding роWег of the апсhог is геduсеd Ьу опе-quагtег. If the апg1е
Ьесоmеs 15 dеgгееs the 1оsS of hо1diпg роwег is опе-hа1f. Fог this геаSоп, it is
moSt imрогtапt that а 1епgth of саЬ1е Shа1l 1еаd Hom the апсhог Shackle а1опg the
Sеа-Ьеd Ьеfоге гisiпg gently to the haWSe рiре. Оп1у а good Scope Will епSuге this.
85
Vегу оftеп, When а Ship dгаgs hег апсhог, mоге саЬ1е is Vеегеd and the апсhог
hо1ds.
DutieS at АпсhОг
СгоSS-Ьеагiпgs аге uSuа11у taken aS the апсhог is 1еt go (tо get а гоugh
poSition fог the апсhог itsе1f) and again When the Vessel is Ьгоught uр. Апсhог
WatcheS Should Ье Set and these Ьеагiпgs Hequently сhесkеd. А гоugh сiгс1е of
Swing сап Ье dгаWп оп the сhагt. Beam tгапSit-Ьеагiпgs, use of the echo sоuпdег,
and гаdаг Will а11 hе1р to detect dгаggiпg. Оп а Vегу госkу Ьоttоm the noise of the
dгаggiпg апсhог сап often Ье hеагd quite с1еаг1у оп dесk.
The VеSsе1 Will погmа11у 1iе With the апсhог and саЬ1е fine оп its oWn ЬоW,
say а point to а point and а hа1f. This апg1е is knoWn aS the Vеssеl's паtuгаl Shеег,
ЬесаuSе She 1iеS shеегеd slightly асгоss the stгеаm ог Wiпd. 1п а Stгопg Wind the
VеSsе1 Will tend to yaW аЬоut as shoWn in рiсtuге 7. At the ехtгеmitу of hег yaW
she suгgеS ahead and then dгорs Ьасk оп hег апсhог, jегkiпg the саЬ1е. If duгiпg the
yaw the Wind catches hег оп the opposite side to that nomally expoSed Ьу hег
паtuгаl Shеег (i.е. catcheS hег оп the рогt side When using hег StагЬоагd апсhог),
she mау, at the ехtгеmitу of hег уаW, Suгgе гарidlу асгоsS hег апсhог to the оthег
ехtгеmitу of уаW, i.е. Ёоm poSition 6 to 8 in the fіguге, nipping hег саЬ1е гоuпd the
stem and Ьгеаkiпg the апсhог out of its hо1diпg роsitiоп. This is called Ьгеаkiпg
Shеег. If the апсhог fails to ге-tгiр the оthег апсhог must Ье let go at опсе.
when iпitiа11у Ьгiпgiпg tо, it is а good idea to аггапgе fог а joining Shackle to
Ье Situated оп deck When the саЬ1еs аге sесuгеd. This Will facilitate Slipping the
саЬ1е, and сlеагiпg а foul haWse should this Ьесоmе песеssагу.
At апсhог it is dеSiгаЬlе fгоm the deck оffiсег's point of VieW to haVe the main
engines and Stеегiпg-gеаг геаdу fог immediate uSе. 1п а tideWay the VеsSе1 may Ье
Stеегеd Ьу hег гuddег. It is, hоwеvег, ineffective When thеге is по stгеаm. А Wiпd,
Ь1оWiпg fгоm опе diгесtiоп fог some сопSidегаЬ1е timе, Will Set up а suгfасе dгift
сuггепt, Ьut this is uп1ikеlу to Ье sufГісiепtlу Stгопg, fог Sensitive stеегiпg.
The shоге sigпа1-Stаtiоп should Ье watched at а11 timеs. Арргоасhiпg and
dерагtiпg Ьоаts need Vigilапсе, as do оthег VеSsе1s naVigating in the Viсiпitу. The
86
оffiсег of the Watch Should at а11 timeS haVe а гоugh idea of how his саЬ1е is lуiпg,
So that he сап wam off оthег Vessels Which tгу to апсhог асгоsS it.
Dгаggiпg Апсhог
Опсе ап апсhог stагts to dгаg, the Vessel gаthегs Stеmwау, and this may
Ьесоmе ехсеssivе. Ргоmрt action is песеssагу.
If the Wind гisеs, ехtга саЬ1е Should Ье 1аid out to епsuге а Ьight 1уiпg оп the
Sеа-Ьеd uпdег conditions of yaW and рitсh. Pitching сап Ье рагtiаl1у ргеVепtеd Ьу
tгimmiпg the ship Ьу the hеаd. YaWing is 1ikе1у to Stагt the апсhог dгаggiпg, and
опе of thгее actionS is аdvisаЬ1е:
1. Let go the second апсhог uпdегfооt at the сепtге of уаW.
(2) Let go the second апсhог at the ехtгеmitу of yaW and vеег Ьоth саЬ1еs so
that the Ship гidеS соmрагаtivе1у quietly to hег two апсhогs.
(3) Steam up to the fiгst апсhог, Shеег аwау, and let go the second апсhог.
If а huггiсапе is арргоасhiпg, the VeSsel Should leaVe hагЬоuг if оthег VеSSе1S
аге апсhогеd close Ьу, if the hо1diпg gгоuпd is оthег than ехсе11епt, ог if the hагЬоuг
is uпShе1tегеd. Dерагtuге should Ье made wе11 Ьеfоге the stom аггivеS. If геmаiпiпg
in hагЬоuг, action (3) аЬоvе should Ье taken and саЬ1еS Vеегеd Wеl1 аWау.
Опсе а VеSsе1 ЬеgiпS to dгаg, mоге саЬ1е should Ье Vеегеd. It should not Ье
suгgеd out S1асklу. Engines should Ье used to ге1iеvе stгеsSеs. If thеге is гооm it
may Ье Ьеttег to heaVe up and seek Ьеttег holding gгоuпd.
Weighing Апсhог
If, duгiпg hеаViпg, the саЬ1е is suЬjесtеd to а Ьаd nip the WindlaSS Should Ье
Ьгаkеd and the ЬоWS а11оWеd to Swing so that the саЬ1е gгоWS с1еаг. The саЬ1е
Should Ье wеl1 waShed and stоWеd. The апсhог, if fouled With sеа-Ьеd mаtегiаl,
сап Ье toWed awash fог а Shогt distance at sloW Sрееd. The Ье11 is again гuпg to
indicate the пumЬег of the joining Shackle арреагiпg fгоm the Wаtег'S suгfасе, and
Vigогоuslу гuпg When the апсhог is аwеigh. It should Ье герогtеd foul ог с1еаг as
the caSe may Ье. The апсhог Ьа11, Ог 1ights, сап noW Ье 1оWегеd. The апсhогs
should not Ье fiпа11у Sесuгеd until deemed по 1опgег песеssагу fог immediate uSе.
HeaVing up is а good оррогtuпitу fог checking sрilе-рiп pellets and саЬ1е Sеiziпg-
Wiге mагkiпgs.
Dгоррiпg DOWn
А VеSSе1 is Said to dгор doWn when she dгifts with the tidal stгеаm. А Vessel at
апсhог wishing to do this Will heaVe hег апсhогjust с1еаг of the Sеа-Ьеd. Нег Speed
thгоugh the Wаtег Will Ье пil, Ьut hег speed оVег the gгоuпd will Ье еquа1 to that of
the stгеаm. Нег гuddег Will haVe по еffесt, ЬесаuSе thеге is по wаtег HoWing paSt
it. She cannot Ье сопtгоllеd except Ьу meanS of the engineS ог the апсhогS.
87
Dгеdgiп8 DoWn
А VеsSе1 is Said to dгеdgе when she moVes uпdег the iпПuепсе of the tidа1
Stгеаm Ьut With hег апсhог hе1d at Shогt stay So that it dгаgs а1опg the Ьоttоm. Нег
speed оVег the gгоuпd is геtагdеd and is not so gгеаt aS the гаtе of the stгеаm. She
haS headway thгоugh the Wаtег. Нег гuddег may Ье used to Stеег hег. А Stгопg tidа1
Stгеаm is песеSSагу fог hег hе1m to Ье sепSitivе.
If а Vеssе1, When dгеdgiпg, puts hег гuddег to рогt, the VеsSе1 Will геmаiп
рага11е1 With the stгеаm diгесtiоп Ьut will gгаduаl1у moVe diаgопа11у асгоss it
tоWагds hег рогt hапd. She Will dгеdgе Similаг1у to stагЬоагd. 1п each caSe the moSt
efficient moVement is achieVed Ьу using the апсhог оп the Side opposite to that in
Which She Wishеs, to dгеdgе.
Тhеге is ап о1d Sеа-Sауiпg, `NеVег go аShоге With ап апсhог in the рiре', and
this should арр1у to moSt еmегgепсiеS. А Ship may fail to tum, take а sudden
Shеег, саггу too much Wау, ап engine may fail to go аstеm, а Squа11 may catch the
Shiр, the engine tеlеgгарh may jаm, а со11isiоп may Ье immiпепt-iп а11 caseS the
апсhогS аге Waging to Ье uSеd. Both апсhогs should Ье let go and а11оWеd tO гuп
out thеiг саЬ1е until sufficient is out to епаЬ1е the апсhогs to hо1d. А Ship with
quite сопsidегаЬlе headway may Ье Ьгоught up quite гарidlу with two апсhогS
uSed in this fаshiоп. АRегwагds, the апсhогs, саЬ1еs, haWSe pipes and WindlasS
should Ье suгvеуеd.
If а Ship uSeS оп1у опе апсhог She is likely to рагt the саЬ1е Vегу quickly and
then fогgе ahead into dапgег.
А VеSSе1 weighing 27 000 tonneS When stopped in 30 m, tгаVе11iпg initially at
4 kпоts, iпсuгS а StгеSS of 195 tonneS in а siпg1е саЬ1е. The figuге ЬесоmеS 435
tonneS if the initial Speed is 6 kпоts. The stгеssеS аге hа1Vеd if two еquа11у
tensioned саЬlеS аге uSеd.
роiпtiп8 Ship
А Ship гidiпg to Siпg1е апсhог may геquiге to сгеаtе а 1ее оп опе sidе. Ап
efficient method is to 1еаd а wiге, Say 24 mm, Hom the аftег Ьitts, а1опg the Shiр's
88
side с1еаг of еVегуthiпg, and Sесuге it to the саЬ1е с1оsе to the haWse рiре. The
Wiге is then Ьеlауеd aft and the саЬ1е is gently Vеегеd. AS the Wiге ЬесоmеS
StгеSSеd, the Ship is pointed off the Wind (Sее рiсtuге 9).
i
Рiсtuге 9 - Pointing Ship
ТuГПiП8 ОП аП АПСhОГ
When heading With the stгеаm аStеm, the Vеssе1 may Ье quickly tumed head
to stгеаm with the aSsistance of ап апсhог. The апсhог, еithег опе will dо, should
Ье 1еt go and hе1d at shогt stау. As the апсhог dгаgs it Will sпuЬ the ЬоwS гоuпd
and uрStгеаm. The headway Should Ье SimultапеоuS1у геduсеd Ьу ап aStem
mоVеmепt. This is а simр1е mапоеuVге ргоVidеd the апсhог is kept at shогt Stау.
Ву dгаggiпg it а1опg the Ьоttоm, heaVy stгеSSеs аге соmр1еtе1у аVоidеd.
1п са1m Wеаthег and по сuггепt the ship may Ье Similаг1у tumеd, Ьut With
some mоdifісаtiопs. The headway is геduсеd to а minimum and the апсhог is 1еt
go оп~thе гuп, а11оWiпg SufГісiепt Scope fог the апсhог to Ьitе. If the саЬ1е is
SпuЬЬеd too quickly the апсhог Will Ье dгаggеd and the mапоеuVге sроilеd. When
the Ьгаkе is Sесuге the VеsSе1 is Ьгоught up with the саЬ1е gгоwiпg аft, and then
steamed гоuпd the апсhог оп the taut саЬ1е at S1оW геVо1utiопs, with hе1m hагd
оVег tоWагds the апсhОг. The Vessel must Ье fhlly Ьгоught to hег саЬ1е and the
lаttег аЬsоlutе1у taut Ьеfоге using the engineS in this fаShiоп, оthегWisе the ship
gаthегS headway and ап uпdеSiгаЬ1е Sudden Stгеss is imposed оп the саЬ1е.
Slipping а СаЬ1е
Changing Апсhогs
If а ЬОWег апсhог is to Ье unShipped Hom its саЬ1е and the Sраге ЬоWег
iпstаl1еd into the haWse pipe the fігst апсhог is 1оwегеd to the Wаtег'S edge and the
fогесаstlе dеггiсk Swung оVегsidе.1п рiсtuге 10 а 4-tоппе апсhог is Ьеiпg сhапgеd.
90
1п VieW of the Ьight of саЬ1е Which the dеггiсk will haVe to suррогt, the lаttег
should Ье at 1еаst of S.W.L. 5 tоппеS. It is гiggеd With а 5-tоппе S.W.L. 1iНiпg
рuгсhаSе. The рuгсhаSе is led to the апсhог and Sесuгеd to it Ьу meanS of а heaVy
Stгор.
The апсhог is then 1оwегеd uпdегWаtег to take advantage of the loss in weight
due to its disрlасеmепt. The саЬ1е is Vеегеd and the dеггiсk fа11 hоVе-iп until the
апсhог is diгесtlу ЬеlоW the dеггiсk hеаd. It may Ье kept uпdегWаtег duгiпg this
mапоеuVге. It is then 1iftеd, tоgеthег With the Ьight of slack саЬ1е, fГоm (1) to (2)
in the fіguге, and at this stage the саЬ1е must Ье sесuгеd at the Shiр's sidе. The
dеггiсk is sWung iпЬоагd, the апсhог lапdеd, the Shackle Ьгоkеп ореп, and the
саЬ1е Sесuгеd to the sраге апсhог. If the sраге апсhог is not diгесtlу Ье1оW the
dеггiсk head it Will haVe to Ье сагеmllу guyed aS it is Поаtеd off the deck to aVoid
а Sudden Swiпg. It may then Ье swung to the shiр's side Ьу guying the dеггiсk.
The рuгсhаsе is hоVе-оп uпtil, as Ьеfоге, the weight is off the Shiр'S side саЬ1е
1аshiпg, Which is then caSt оff. The апсhог is lоWегеd until suЬmегgеd. Ву heaVing
оп the саЬ1е and Slacking оп the dегhсk fаll, the апсhог is shipped and StoWed into
the hawse рiре.
1п the fіguге the рuгсhаsе Ьlосks haVe Ьееп dгаWп much 1агgег than the Scale
would реmit, fог the Sake of сlагitу.
Sometimes the Sраге ЬоWег апсhог is stoWed fогWагd of the fогесаstlе-hеаd
Ьгеаkwаtег, ог Wash р1аtе. 1п this caSe it must haVe а Wiге sесuгеd to it and led to
the пеагеst fогWагd Wагрiпg Ьагге1 ог
Ьitts. This wiге then Ьесоmеs а Ьull горе.
The рuгсhаSе is led to the Sраге ЬоWег
апсhог, the Ьull горе Set tight, and the
рuгсhаSе fаl1 hоvе-iп. This just Поаts the
апсhог с1еаг of the deck and поw, Ьу
placing hеаVу, gгеаsеd р1апks of timЬег
fГоm the апсhог to the top edge of the
Ьгеаkwаtег, the рuгсhаSе сап Ье mгthег
hоVе-оп, S1асkiпg the Ьull горе, and the
апсhог will Slide up the р1апks с1еаг of
the Ьгеаkwаtег. The Ьull горе сап then Ье
used to guy the апсhог until it is Ье1оW
the dеггiсk hеаd.
1. The оfГісегS in сhагgе of the fогесаStlе саЬ1е-раЩr will not do wеl1 to acquaint
themselveS With the апсhогiпg tегms.
2. 1п са1m wеаthег the апсhог is 1еt go While the ship has еithег headway ог
Stеmwау.
91
Unit 6. рILотАGЕ
Lесtuге lavout
6.1 Тгаiпiпg of Магitimе Рilоts.
6.2Uпdеikее1 С1еагапсе.
Lеагпiпg ОЫ ectives :
1. to епаЬ1е lеаmегS to mаStег Магitimе English оп the Ьаsis of огigiпа1 1МО
dосumепts, агtiсlеS and оthегS;
11. to get the lеаmегS fаmiliагizеd With diffегепt aspects of рilоtаgе;
Ш. to teach the neW VосаЬulагу in tems of рilоtаgе, еtс.
НLВеаdiшасtivitii9s
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiР its gist:
The рilоt's оЬjесtivе is the safe and efficient conduct of а Vеssе1 thгоugh
confined and Ьusу Wаtегs. Соmmегсiаl efficiency р1us орегаtiопаl and
епviгопmепtа1 safety demand that pilotage sегviсеs within the рогt агеа and its
арргоасhеs Whеге vesSels аге most vulпегаЬ1е аге р1асеd in the hands of а
competent регsоп Who poSsesses the геquiгеd quаlifісаtiопs and 1оса1 kпоwlеdgе,
has ргоVеп Skill in handling vеSsе1s in а confined агеа, is fit to саггу out the
геSропsiЬilitу of piloting ShipS at апу time and assigned fог theSe dutiеS.
The pilot may need to Ьесоmе fаmiliаг with the gепега1 ЫпсtiопS of the
latest iпtеgгаtеd naVigation sуStеm, Ьut it is the shiр's staff that Will have to орегаtе
and maintain it. Lагgег new shiрS, if ргорегlу dеsigпеd, equipped and mаiпtаiпеd,
аге оНеп герогtеd to haVe fеWег shiphandling ргоЬlеms than еаг1iег veSSels of
slightly Smа,lег Sizе.
The рilоt's ргоЬ1еms аге much mоге 1ikеlу to lie With the пumЬег,
соmреtепсе, cohesion and Skills of the оffісегs and сгеw, and the соmmегсiаl
ргеSSuгеs uпdег which they аге геquiгеd to орегаtе. His fігSt jоЬ is to Ьесоmе рагt
of thеiг ShiрЬоагd team and to act as а 1iпk with the tгаffіс Sуstеm, the рогt and the
shоге асtivitiеs. This го1е is imрогtапt duгiпg погmа1 соmmегсiаl орегаtiопs and
Ьесоmеs Vitа1 in ап еmегgепсу. It is а го1е Which inVolves judgеmепt, skill,
95
knoWledge and human ге1аtiопShiрs which сап пеVег Ье mlly гер1асеd Ьу
аutоmаtiоп.
Not оп1у the pilot is а рагt of the Shiр's tеаm, he а1Sо haS а Second jоЬ aS рагt
of the рогt, coast аuthогitу ог WаtегWау tеаm. Рогts аге Vегу competitive in today
iпсгеаSiпglу аggгеssivе соmmегсiа1 епViгопmепt, and if the pilots in опе рогt
1imitеd thеiг jоЬ almoSt епtiге1у to the Shiр'S-tеаm го1е Whilst in а competitive рогt
the pilots ргоVidе а wе1l-Ьа1апсеd Vital link in а dual го1е, the economic scaleS
should tip in fаVоuг of the lаttег.
The tгаiпее pilot must haVe арргоргiаtе education in Shiphandling thеогу and
оЬtаiп ргасtiса1 ехрегiепсе оп Ьоагd, Ьut еVепtuа11у the гереаtiпg of 1опg осеап
paSSages may not Ье the ЬеSt Way to gain а Vагiеtу of ге1еVапt pilotage ехрегiепсеS.
Оп the оthег hand Sеа-gоiпg ехрегiепсе is esSential aS efficient pilotage is,
amongst оthег thiпgs, dependent upon the effectiveneSs of communicationS and
exchange of infomation Ьеtwееп the pilot and the mаStег ог the Watch оffiсег, а1Sо
imрогtапt is the mutual uпdегStапdiпg each haS fог the hnctionS and duties of the
оthег.
96
communicationS With the оffісегS at thеiг mапоеuvгiпg poSts at the Shiр's ЬоW and
stеm. The pilot поmа11у giveS огdегS diгесtlу to the tugs aSsisting in mапоеuvгiпg
the ship and to the mоогiпg gапg. Не haS а1So to keep а continuouS гаdiо-tе1ерhопу
contact With the tгаffiс сопtго1 сепtге to гесеivе and Send iпfогmаtiОп With геgагd
to tгаffiс SituаtiопS.
Аftег геViеWiпg and analySing the dutieS and геsропsiЬilitiеS of рilоts, it сап
Ье Said that they should poSSesS Sound kпоW1еdgе of the folloWing SuЬjесts and Ье
аЬ1е to dеmопStгаtе them in огdег to регfоmі thеiг ЫпсtiопS еffісiепtlу:
• Shiphandling tесhпiquеS.
• Тhогоugh iпfогmаtiоп оп the 1оса1itiеs of the pilotage агеа.
• NaVigation in соаstа1 Wаtегs.
• The uSe of гаdаг and оthег е1есtгопiс dеviсеs, thеiг 1imitаtiопS and сараЬilitiеS as
паVigаtiопа1 and collision aVoidance aids and аЬilitу in thеiг орегаtiоп.
• Ship сопStгuсtiоп and stаЬilitу.
• Меtеогоlоgу.
• Lеgа1 kпоW1еdgе.
• Rаdiоtе1ерhопу and Visuа1 соmmuпiсаtiопS.
• Тапkег Safety and tапkег орегаtiопs.
• Епg1ish 1апguаgе.
• Регsопаl SuгVivа1 tесhпiquеs.
• Рогt mапаgеmепt, economics and stаtistiсs.
97
seagoing регiоd геquiгеd fог сегtifісаtiоп as а chief mate of Ships of 1,600 gгоss
геgistегеd tons ог mоге ассогdiпg to IСТСS,1978.
98
6.2. UNDЕRКЕЕL CLEAMNCE
101
11. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
The uпdегkееl с1еагапсе (UКС) аVаilаЬlе haS а1Wауs Ьееп опе of the fiгSt
сопSidегаtiопS in апу pilotage орегаtiоп. 1п the distant paSt mагiпегs геliеd оп
Selected tidal mагks, the phaSeS of the moon and thеiг oWn Sоuпdiпgs, so we haVe
to Ье thапkПіl that it is noW а simple mаttег to inteIpolate the depth of wаtег Hom
the tide tаЬlеs, add it to the сhагt datum ог uр-tо-dаtе Soundings of the агеа and
suЬtгасt the shiр'S dгаught.
Uпdег поmа1 сiгсumstапсеs that is епоugh. НоWеVег, the mагiпег Stагtiпg
his сагеег as а pilot Will also Ьепеfіt Hom Ьеагiпg in mind two additional еlеmепts:
fігst, to get а Visuа1 check оп the shiр'S dгаught whепеVег it is роSsiЬlе; апd,
sесЬпdlу, а check оп Whеthег the tidа1 height is affected Ьу the Wеаthег pattem
With геfегепсе to the ргеViоus high Wаtег.
It is Widely арргесiаtеd Ьу mагiпегs that Ship mапоеuVгаЬilitу гарidlу
dеtегiогаtеS When the UКС is геduсеd ЬеlоW 20 рег cent of the dгаught, and а
minimum UКС of 10 рег cent is гесоmmепdеd aS Safe ргасtiсе оп1у When the
Speed геquiгеd fог stеегiпg сап Ье kept uпdег fiVe knots With the сhагtеd depth
ге1iаЬlе thгоugh fГеquепt suгVеуs. TheSe геstгiсtiопS assume that the Wind Will not
gгеаtlу affect the stеегiпg at 1оW Speed and the Ship is unaffected Ьу Sea ог sWе1l.
ReductiOn FасtогS
Опсе the minimum UКС is decided оп, the fасtогS, that may геduсе it
mгthег, haVe to Ье сопSidегеd. TheSe fасtогS may Ье suЬdividеd into shе1tегеd-
Wаtег effects whеге the Ship uпdег way doeS not геSропd to the Sea ог sWе1l -
паmеlу, change of dепsitу, squаt, hее1 When tumiпg, and heel due to wiпdаgе. The
Shе1tегеd-Wаtег effects may also Ье ргеsепt when the Ship is геSропdiпg to the
SeaWay with гоtаtiопs аЬоut the null point геfеггеd to as гоl1iпg, pitching and
уаWiпg, and tгапslаtiопs of the null point геfеггеd to aS hеаViпg, sWaying and
Suгgiпg, the null point Ьеiпg сопSidегеd in с1оsе ргохimitу to the Shiр'S сепtге of
gгаVitу.
Fог 1агgе ships suЬjесtеd to heavy wеаthег and mагgiпаl UКС, mагiпегS Will
Ье аWаге that а11 the fасtогS геduсiпg UКС may соmЬiпе uпdег сегtаiп сопditiопS.
Shеltегеd-Wаtег Effects
102
Squat
нее1
NОп-Shеltегеd-Wаtег Effects
То арргесiаtе Ы11у the effects of the гоtаtiопS and tгапslаtiопS of the Shiр'S
null point in геSропsе to the Sеа, the mагiпег haS to ехрегiепсе Sеvеге wеаthег in
Waves of length арргохimаtеlу еquа1 to the Shiр' length in the 1агgег shipS ог spend
Some time `сгuisiпg' оп Smа11ег Ьоаts. Fог the lагgеSt ships using а hагЬоuг the
WaVe 1епgths may not eVen exceed а quагtег of the Shiр'S lепgth, Ьut it doeS not
ргеvепt that ship Ьеiпg suЬjесtеd to the maximum геsропsе With the sea оп the
Ьеаm ог quагtег as поmа1 Sea Waves deVelop into conmsed сгоss-SеаS due to
Shoaling and tidal stгеаms.
When the Wеаthег conditions аге mагgiпаl, the iпаЬilitу of pilot Ьоаts to
орегаtе successmlly Without епdапgегiпg 1ifе and limЬ, ргоvidе а safety Ьаггiег fог
1агgе ShipS аЬоut to епtег hагЬоuг, Which is not gепега11у арргесiаtеd. НоWеVег,
the mоге Widеsргеаd uSe of hеliсорtегs fог pilotage sегViсеS may noW ехегt`!а
dеgгее of соmmегсiаl ргеSSuге оп mагiпегs to орегаtе in Wеаthег conditionS Whеге
UКС is the deciding fасtог. Without the ргiог Ьепеfіt of some ргасtiса1 aSseSsment
of the sea conditions Hom а pilot Ьоаt, the mагiпег is fогсеd to гесопsidег the losS
of uКС Hom the iпdividuа1 motionS of the shiр.
YaWing
with уаWiпg, the effect is поtiсеаЬlе mainly in ге1аtiоп to the еffогt геquiгеd
to Stеег а stгаight соuгsе. It is cauSed Ьу diгесtiопаl iпstаЬilitу, Ьut is сопSidегаЬlу
iпсгеаSеd in а quагtегiпg Sеа, with the WaVe сгеSt at the Stem and the tгоugh
103
fогWагd of аmidshiрs, With а tendency to Ьгоасh. The effect is to augment the
го11iпg With а quагtегiпg Sеа, геduсiпg the UКС to а gгеаtег extent than with рuге
гоl1iпg. The паtuга1 регiоd of yaW is арргохimаtе1у еquа1 to that of рitсhiпg.
SWауiп8
SWaying affects the Ship When the sea is mоге Ьгоаdlу оп the Ьеаm, causing
the Ship to Ье саггiеd SidewayS into the tгоugh When the Ship heaVeS ог го11s aWay
fгоm the WaVe сгеst, thегеЬу iпсгеаSiпg the 1оSS of UКС. Since the motion is а
tгапslаtiоп, it Will not геgistег оп the с1iпоmеtег indicating го11 апg1е. Тhеге is по
паtuга1 регiоd fог Swaying ЬесаuSе thеге is по геstогiпg fогсе.
Suг8iп8
Suгgiпg is mоге поtiсеаЬ1е in а fо1lоWiпg Sea With the waVe length equal to
ог gгеаtег than the Shiр's 1епgth, causing the Ship to iпсгеаsе Speed into the tгоugh,
and thегеЬу геduсiпg the UКС due to рitсhiпg. Like swауiпg, thеге is по геstогiпg
fогсе ог паtuгаl регiоd.
EStimateS
1п а quагtегiпg sea the fаmiliаг согksсгеW motion of the ship will indicate а
соmЬiпаtiоп of hеаVе, рitсh, го11 and уаw, а11 сопtгiЬutiпg to losS of UКС. То
ргеdiсt the 1оSS of UКС due to а11 Six motions Would iпVо1Vе the Solution of
соmр1iсаtеd diffегепtiа1 equationS and а sea state to огdег, so thаt, unleSs the ship
is fitted with sепsогS to геgistег each motion With а соmрutег syStem to Wогk it оut,
the mагiпег is faced With the ргоЬ1еm of making ап еstimаtе. EstimateS сап Ье
made thгоugh Simр1ifiеd fomula dегivеd fгоm the огigiпа1 equationS fог го11iпg,
pitching and heaVing aS the ргiпсiра1 еffесts, and the wогSt Sea Stаtе.
1п the ореп sеа, when апу of the паtuгаl регiоds of гоl1iпg, pitching ог
heaVing coincide With the регiоd of епсоuпtег With the Sеа, mагiпегs аге uSuа1lу
аЬ1е to aVoid the 1еаst dеsiгеd exceSses Ьу а1tегiпg соuгSе апd/ог sрееd. No Such
option is аVаilаЬ1е Whеге the Ship is committed to the арргоасh to а hагЬоuг.
1. The uпdегkее1 с1еагапсе (UКС) аVаilаЬ1е haS а1wауS Ьееп опе of the fiгSt
сопsidегаtiопS in апу Sа1Vаgе орегаtiоп.
104
Unit 7. мооRING
Lесtuге lavout
7.1 Gепега1 definitionS
7.2 Моогiпg орегаtiопS
7.3 The stageS of mоогiпg орегаtiопs
Lеагпiпg ОЫесtivеS :
1. to fаmiliагisе lеаmегs With ргеlimiпагу actions to Ье taken ргiог to аггivа1 at the
рогt, With diffегепt typeS and main stages of mоогiпg орегаtiопS, and With SOLAS
геquiгеmепts to ShipS in the tегms of piloting and mоогiпg the ShiрS;
П. to get the 1еаmегS аWаге of the ресuliагitiеS of diffегепt typeS of mоогiпg
орегаtiопs;
Ш. td епгiсh the 1еаmегS' VосаЬulагу in tems of mоогiпg ргосеduге and to
deVelop thеiг аЬilitу to uSe арргоргiаtе tеmiпо1оgу оп the tорiс.
When the Ship is оп the Way to hег рогt of dеStiпаtiоп, the Маstег sends а
meSSage to his agent аЬоut the expected time of аггivа1 (ЕТА). It is песеsSагу to
аггапgе With hагЬоuг аuthогitiеs fог геquiгеd Ьегth. Веfоге епtегiпg the hагЬоuг the
ship са11S fог а pilot and takes him аЬоагd. 1п Some Ьig рогts the pilot takeS VеSSе1
оп1у to the епtгапсе and рогt pilot takeS оvег to Ьгiпg hег to the Ьегth.
То meet the геquiгеmепts of SOLAS ConVention еVегу ship must Ье ргоVidеd
With Iпtеmаtiопа1 Stапdагd Pilot Lаddег and Месhапiса1 Ноist. ЕVегу pilot lаddег
must епSuге safe еmЬагkаtiоп and disеmЬагkаtiоп of а pilot while а Ship is аггiviпg
at ог leaVing а рогt. Pilot 1аddегS Shа11 Ье Sесuгеd in а poSition с1еаг of апу роssiЬ1е
disсhагgеS Hom the ship So that each Step геSts fiгmlу against the shiр'S sidе.
108
Pilot lаddегs must Ье с1еап, ргорег1у Sесuгеd iпЬоагd and lоWегеd until it is
аЬоut 1 mеtге of the Wаtег. If the Ьоttоm of the 1аddег is in the Wаtег it will Ье
caught Ьу the moVement of the Sеа, рагtiсulагlу if the Ship has Ьееп moVing
thгоugh the Wаtег. This is dапgегоuS and сап cause the pilot to Ье thгоwп Hom the
lаddег. Usually the watch оfНсег meets pilot аЬоагd and Shows him to the Ьгidgе,
ргеsепtiпg the pilot to the сарtаiп.
The Маstег Shall infom the pilot аЬоut the mапоеuVгiпg сhагасtегistiсs of the
vеsSеl, hег length and dгаft, hег load and dгаR, the роWег of the engine and the
pilot iпfогms the Маstег аЬоut рагtiсulагS of the паVigаtiопа1 WаtегS.
1. The МаStег sends а mesSage соmргisiпg the ЕТА of his VeSSel to the рогt of
dеstiпаtiоп.
2. Both the agent and рогt аuthогitiеS should Ье iпfогmеd аЬоut the ЕТА.
3. The pilot should take саге to ргоVidе а ге1iаЬlе 1аddег to еmЬагk the Shiр.
4. Тhеге is по need to infom the pilot аЬоut the mапоеuVгiпg сhагасtегistiсS of the
VеSsе1 since the МаStег is ргеsепt.
5. The pilot is to infom the МаStег аЬоut рагtiсulагS of the паVigаtiопа1 Wаtегs.
1 . Usuаl1у meets pilot аЬоагd and ShoWS him to the Ьгidgе, ргеSепtiпg the
pilot to the сарtаiп.
2. Веfоге епtегiпg the hагЬоuг the Ship calls fог and takeS him аЬоагd.
3. То meet the геquiгеmепts of SOLAS СопVе:=ziБ=ТеVегу ship must Ье ргоVidеd
With
must Ье с1еап, ргорег1у sесuгеd iпЬоагd and 1оWегеd until it is аЬОut 1
mеtге of the Wаtег.
shall infom the pilot аЬоut the mапоеuVгiпg сhагасtегistiсS of the
VеSsеl, hег 1епgth and dгаН, hег 1оаd and dгаft, the роWег of the епgiпе.
109
7.2. MOORING OPERATIONS
mапоеuVгіпg маневрирование
to арргоасh подходить
deck dерагtmепt штурмана и матросы
engine dерагtmепt машинное отделение
uпdегWау на ходу
to make fast ошвартовать судно
П. Reading activitieS
Ехе`гсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
Ship mапоеuvгiпg, when арргоасhiпg the Ьегth, the оthег Ship ог апу рогt
stгuсtuге, making faSt to it and а1Sо 1еаviпg it, is са11еd mоогiпg Орегаtiопs. The
mоогiпg орегаtiопS аге the moSt соmр1iсаtеd and the moSt Hequently гереаtеd
ОпеS. The соmр1iсitу of mоогiпg and гisk, existing when регfогmiпg the
mапоеuVге of Ship арргоасhiпg ог 1еаViпg is ргоVidеd Ьу Such fасtогS as gгеаt
iпегtiа of the ship and геlаtivе1у 1оW Stгепgth of the Shiр'S hull.
Тhеге аге sеVегаl main types of mоогiпg орегаtiопs:
- alongside the оthег Shiр, Which is апсhогеd ог dгiftiпg;
- the Ship to the ship uпdег wау;
- Shifting the ship а1опgsidе the Ьегth and vеегiпg at Ьегth using the mоогiпg
1iпеs;
- uпmоогiпg the Ship fiom the Ьегth ог fГОm апоthег Shiр.
Ship mooгiпg alOngside the Ьегth is опе of the most Widely used typeS of
the mоогiпg орегаtiопs. Such mоогiпg is регfоmеd Ьу tгапSрогt shipS of а11 typeS
and of а11 dеSigпаtiопs, mаiп1у fог effective 1оаdiпg/disсhагgiпg WОгks,
еmЬагkiпg/disеmЬагkiпg раSSепgегs, гесеiviпg shiр'S stогеS and suрр1iеs. This
type of mоогiпg ргоVidеs the most ге1iаЬlе Ьегthiпg of the VеsSе1. The main
dгаwЬасks of mоогiпg аlопgsidе: the ргоЬ1еms and dапgегS of mапоеuVгiпg, fог
example when thеге is Stгопg оп-shоге Wind and neceSsity of оЬligаtогу uSe of tug
ьоаts.
When the Ship is mooгеd alongside the Ьегth Within Well ргоtесtеd Wаtег
агеа, She is made fast оп1у Ьу meanS of mоогiпg 1iпеs. When the mоогiпg is
саггiеd out uпdег stгопg опshоге Wiпd, it is песеssагу to dгор the апсhог. Nеаг the
Ьегth, When thеге сап Ье а Stгопg опShоге Wiпd, пеаг the Ьегths Which аге not
Shе1tегеd enough ог when in the рогt thеге is а Stгопg сuггепt (са11еd Ьу Seamen "а
рull"), the mоогiпg гореS аге usеd, Which pull the ship off the Ьегth. TheSe
mоогiпg connections аге the гореs Sent Hom Ьоw and stem to the пеагеSt mоогiпg
Ьuоуs. InStead of head mоогiпg line thеге ап апсhог chain сап Ье usеd.
110
The mooгiпg of the Shiр'S Stегп to is quite common fог tапkегS and mеп-оf-
wаг. Dгу сагgо ships and раsSепgег ShipS make fast Stem to when they need to
stand uпdег гераiгs, and also to са1ту out сагgо Wогks Ьу thеiг oWn mеапs. This
type of mоогiпg Ьеiпg соmрагеd to оthегs has the fо11оWiпg аdvапtаgеs: по
extensive 1епgth of the Ьегth is геquiгеd; опе сап саггу out simultaneously гераiгs
and painting Wогks оп Ьоth sideS of the Shiр; the Wаtег сгаR сап арргоасh the
vеsSе1'S апу sidе; as а гulе thеге is по need of tugs assistance When 1еаviпg the
Ьегth. The dгаWЬасks of this method of mоогiпg аге: гаthег соmр1iсаtеd
mапоеuvгiпg the vеssе1 When арргоасhiпg; the dапgег of damaging гuddег and
SсгеW; 1еSS геliаЬ1е landing of the Shiр.
When mоогеd stегп to the Ьегth, the ЬоW of the ship is kept Ьу meanS of
опе ог two апсhогs ог апсhог chainS ог Ьу mоогiпg гореs made fast to the mоогiпg
ьuоу.
The mоогiпg to the ship Which is апсhогеd ог to the dгiftiпg vesSeI Ог to
the Ship uпdегWау is саггiеd out in the caSeS When thеге is а necessity to tгапShiр
Піе1, Wаtег ог реор1е. This is the moSt соmр1iсаtеd type of mоогiпg орегаtiопS.
The shifting of the veSsel alOngside the Ьегth Ог vеегiпg the Ship Ьу meanS
of mоогiпg lines is саггiеd out When thеге is а need to make vacant гооm fог
апоthег Vе.ssе1, ог to Vеег the ship head оп to the епtгапсе of the hагЬоuг, ог it'S
песеSsагу іп connection With сагgо орегаtiопS.
Ш;omргеhепSiопсhЩ
Ехегсisе 3.Аге the following sentenceS tгuе (/) ог fа1sе (Х)? Соггесt the fа1sе
опеS:
111
6. The mоогiпg to the ship Which is апсhогеd ог to the dгmiпg VеSSе1 ог to the Ship
is саггiеd out in the caseS When thеге is а necessity to tгапShiр mе1, wаtег
ог реор1е.
to асquіге получить
hе1msmап рулевой
eaSy геlеаsе свободное выдёргивание
to execute ВЬ1ПОЛНЯТЬ
designated Ьегth предназначенный причал
tug ьоаt буксир
113
Stее1 Wiге tоw-1iпеs with fіЬге горе of Sufficient 1епgth. Tug Ьоаts towing the
VеSSе1S may еithег pull them ог push them аhеаd. Fог Ьig ships taking а tug to
епtег the рогt and to make а 1апdiпg ог to 1еаVе the Ьегth is соmрulsогу.
The iпstгuсtiопS fог Ьгiпgiпg а VeSSel а1опgsidе а whагf, dock ог рiег may
Vагу depending upon the 1оса1 сопditiопs, stгепgth and diгесtiоп of Wind and tidе,
type of ship and use of tugs. If thеге is апу tide ог сuггепt гuппiпg the VeSSel
shоuld, whепеvег роSsiЬ1е, head into the Stгеаm aS she арргоасhеS the Ьегth. This
will make it роSsiЬ1е to mапоеuVге uпdег fhll сопtгоl using helm and engines With
minimum headway геlаtivе to the gгоuпd.
With the опshоге Wind the Ьегth Should Ье арргоасhеd at а Ьгоаd апg1е and
the апсhог dгорреd when аЬоut а Shiр'S length аWау. The гuddег сап then Ье put
оVег tоwагds а quау, aS the engineS аге Wогkеd аhеаd, to ргеVепt the Stem fа1liпg
too гарidlу оп to the Ьегth.
Опе method of Ьегthiпg With ап оffshоге wind is to арргоасh at а Vегу Ьгоаd
апg1е and to haVe а mеssепgег, Sесuгеd to а good Stem liпе, Ьгоught fогwагd
outside of еVегуthiпg and Sent away When the Ьоw is с1оSе iп. А second Stem 1iпе
must Ье sent off aS Soon as роSsiЬlе to assist in heaVing the stem iп.
When 1еаviпg the Ьегth, Ьеfоге using the engines make Suге the ргоре11ег is
с1еаг. The VesSel is siпg1еd up Ьу taking in а11 mоогiпg 1iпеs except those to Ье
used fог mапоеuVгiпg с1еаг of the Ьегth.
It might Ье of сегtаiп uSe tO геmiпd defmitionS of the mоогiпg 1iпеS. The
mоогiпg 1iпе which гuпS thгоugh the chock оп the shiр' S Ьоw is са11еd the ЬоW 1iпе
ог fоге liпе. The coneSponding 1iпе aR is the stem 1iпе. TheSe 1iпеS геduсе the
fоге-апd-аft motion of the shiр. Оthег mоогiпg 1iпеS аге еithег Ьгеаst lines ог
SDгiпg 1iпеS. Вгеаst lineS гuп at гight angles to the kее1 and ргеVепt а ship Hom
moVing aWay Hom the рiег. The ЬоW and stem SргiшS also аггеSt 1опgitudiпаl
movement of the ship and сопsidегеd fГоm ЬоW and Stem poSitionS they fom
tоgеthег With ЬгеаSt 1iпеs and head ог stem 1iпеs two tгiапglеs, Which аге Vегу
stаЬlе gеоmеtгiсаl НguгеS, ге1iаЬ1у геstгаiпiпg the VеSsе1 in the mоогеd роsitiоп.
LineS сап Ье Vегу hе1рhl in Ьегthiпg ог с1еагiпg а рiег. А heaVing 1iпе is
paSsed аShоге When the Ship is с1оsе to the Ьегth and then with the line оп the
Ьоl1агd we сап use it fог pulling the Ship а1опgsidе and fог tuming hег. Getting а
ship alongside is а Vегу complicated thing to do and We use the епgiпе, the tugs,
the гuddег and the 1iпеs to mапоеuVге the Ship соггесtlу and Sаfе1у. Wind and
сuггепt must Ье taken into сопsidегаtiоп tОо.
114
Unit 8. CLEARING ТНЕ SHIP IN
Lесtuге lаvout:
116
Lесtuге оЫесtivеS :
1. to соvег diffегепt aspects of the ргоЬlеms conceming activities connected With
сlеагiпg the Ship Iп/Оut ргосеduге.
П. to fаmiliагizе the lеаmегS With геquiгеmепts of Рогt АuthОгitiеS
гергеSепtаtivеS(Sапitагу, Сustоms, Immigгаtiоп, РОгt Сопtго1 ОmсегS) оп the
аггivаl of а ship in а fогеigп рогt. Documents Which аге геquiгеd Ьу ofHcials Hom
the ship аге dеsсгiЬеd in the 1есtuге and епсlоSеd.
If the VeSsel аггivеs and апсhогS at the fігSt рогt of са11 in the соuпtгу, it is
gепега11у геquiгеd that Vагious fогmа1itiеs Ье соmр1iеd with Ьеfоге а сгеw mеmЬег
ог а раSSепgег is а1lоWеd аShоге. The fomalitieS iпс1udе gгапtiпg of ргаtiquе and
immigгаtiоп and customs с1еагапсе.
If the VesSel аггivеs at пight, theSe fогmаlitiеs may not Ье completed Ьеfоге
the following mоmiпg.
1п some саsеS, the immigгаtiоп and customs оffісегs Will give регmissiоп fог
the men to leave as Soon as ргаtiquе is gгапtеd, unleSS passeS haVe to Ье made uр.
1п оthег caSeS the Vеssе1 may геmаiп at апсhог а day ог two awaiting а Ьегth,
duгiпg Which time ргаtiquе may Ье gгапtеd Ьut customs and immigгаtiоп оffiсегs
do not Ьоагd, and с1еагапсе fгоm theSe officials cannot Ье had until аRег the vesSel
dосks.
It is the laW in moSt соuпtгiеS, гigidlу епfогсеd, that When а Vеssе1 аггivеs
Hom fогеigп рогts and is at апсhог, she is not регmittеd to haVe communication
with the Shоге until сlеагеd Ьу Immigгаtiоп and Customs and sometimeS Ьу
НагЬоuг Ро1iсе.
118
When арргоасhiпg а fогеigп рогt of са11 the МаStег must герогt the ргеsепсе
оп Ьоагd оf:
1. а регsоп suffегiпg fгоm ап infectiouS disease ог Who haS Symptoms Which
may indicate the ргеsепсе of infectiouS disеаSе;
2. апу animal ог Ьiгd of апу specieS iпс1udiпg гоdепts ог роultгу ог mогtа1itу ог
illneSS among such animals ог Ьiгds.
The mаstег must а1Sо герогt апу сiгсumstапсеs Which аге 1ikе1у to cauSe the
sргеаd of infectious disеаsе.
If thеге is something to герогt Hom the аЬоVе 1ist, the mаstег must, in огdег to
оЬtаiп Нее ргаtiquе, send а гаdiо meSSage to the рогt hеа1th аuthогitу thгоugh а
coaSt гаdiо stаtiоп, not 1еss than 4 hоuгs not mоге than 12 hоuгs Ьеfоге the ЕТА.
VesSels а1геаdу in the рогt should contact the рогt hеа1th аuthогitу (Viа the agent if
песеsSагу). The meSSage should поmаl1у сопtаiп:
-паmе оfshiр;
- р1асе of Ьегth in the рогt;
-рогtsоfса11thе1аSt4Wееks; ёL;fіс7 /сz# #сd#
- ргоvisiопа1 diagnosis ofpatient а ог symptoms of а раtiепt;
-пumЬег оfраtiепts;
- паmе, аgе, sex and паtiопа1itу of раtiепt;
-dаtе ofonset оfillпеss;
- ЕТА at the рогt ог апсhогаgе.
when епtегiпg рогt 1imits, а VeSsel геquiгiпg hеа1th с1еагапсе should shоW:
- Ьу dау, the intemational Паg Sigпа1 QQ, ог
- at пight, а геd 1ight оVег а White light аЬоut 2 mеtгеS арагt, а11 гоuпd the
hогizоп.
ВОагdiпg ОfГісегS
Health ОfГісег
Оп аггivаl at the рогt the Quагапtiпе оffісег, Sometimes са1lеd the Sапitагу ог
Health оffісег, Ьоагds the VesSel fігSt.
The Quагапtiпе Оffісег Will check the Dегаttiпg ог оthег Fumigation
Сегtifiсаtе. Не may а1Sо have ап assistant Who will inspect the vеSSе1's stогегооms,
1осkегS and hо1ds, if еmрtу, fог SignS of гаt 1ifе. If such signs аге found the
Quагапtiпе Оffісег may огdег the VеSSе1 mmigаtеd.
Не Will геquiге а СгеW List fог checking off the сгеw and ``Shоt" гесогds of
the сгеw. Апу регSоп оп Ьоагd not haVing а shot гесогd, ог haVing опе With the
vaccination оutdаtеd, ог 1асkiпg VагiоuS Shots may Ье геquiгеd Ьу the health
аuthОгitiеS to Ье Vaccinated ог гесеivе the shots at that timе.
The Маstег Will Ье геquiгеd to соmр1еtе а Магitimе Dес1агаtiоп of Неа1th
fо-(мDон).
MDOH foms Vагу in Stу1е fi.оm the рогt to рогt Ьut usuа11у iпс1udе:
-рогt оfаггivа1;
- dаtе;
119
ш f--,/,р d JJщ
-паmе оfshiр;
-рогtЕоm/tо;
-паtiопа1itу оfshiр;
-mаStег'S паmе;
- NRт;
- Dегаttiпg ог Dегаttiпg Exemption Сегtifісаtе issued (dаtе / р1асе);
-пumЬег оfраssепgегs;
-пumЬег оfсгеW;
- 1ist of рогts of са11 Hom the commencement of Voyage With dateS of
dерагtuге.
Animal uагапtiпе. The МаStег of а ship must герогt to the рогt hеа1th
аuthогitу the ргеsепсе of апу апimа1 ог captive Ьiгd аЬоагd the shiр.
Апimа1 оп Ьоагd а Vеssе1 iпс1udiпg Shiр'S pets Which аге not intended to 1апd
do not need а licence Ьut must at а11 times Ье геstгаiпеd and kept Sесuгеlу confmed
within а tоtа1lу епс1оSеd рагt of the Ship Hom Which they сап't еsсаре.
Dегаttiпg and Dегаttiпg Exemption СегtifiсаtеS.
TheSe Сегtifісаtеs аге геquiгеd uпdег Intemational Неа1th Rеgulаtiопs.
Uпdег the Regulations еVегу ship must Ье еithег
~ регmапепtlу kept fГее оfгоdепts; ог
- регiоdiса1lу dегаttеd,
and must сагіу еithег а Dегаttiпg Сегtifісаtе ог а Dегаttiпg ExemptiOn Сегtifісаtе,
aS арргоргiаtе. These сегtifiсаtеS аге issued Ьу а hеа1th аuthогitу fог ап арргоVеd
рогt and must сопfогm to the model contained in the RеgulаtiопS.
Both сегtifісаtеs геmаiп Vа1id fог 6 mопths, ехtепdаЬ1е Ьу 1 month to епаЬ1е
the Vessel to ргосееd to ап арргоVеd рогt fог еithег dегаttiпg ог iпsресtiоп.
The Меdiса1 Lоg.
А mеdiса1 1оg sLould Ье kept а11 the time the Vеssе1 is in sегViсе. It Should Ье
kept uр-tо-dаtе Ьу the оfГісег сhагgеd With the fiгSt аid. А11 caseS of iпjuгу ог
illnesS оп the VеSSе1, hоWеVег Slight ог miпог, to а сгеW mеmЬег, а раSsепgег, а
/-'+ StеVеdоге ог апу оthег регSоп should Ье епtегеd in the mеdiса1 1оg, With the
tгеаtmепt given and оthег регtiпепt dаtа.
А11 caSeS of iпjuгу ог illness to а сгеw mеmЬег must Ье епtегеd in the оffiсiа1
1оg With the tгеаtmепt givеп. Such епtгiеs Should not diffег in fact Hom those
епtегеd in the mеdiса1 1оg.
EVidence гещіiгеd fЬ11оWiпg а регsопа1 iцjuгу iпс1udеs:
-сорiеS ofaccident герогts;
- гесогd of апу fігSt aid and mеdiса1 tгеаtmепt givеп, including details of
ргоVidегS;
- Statement fГоm iпjuгеd регSоп, ifроssiЬ1е;
- statement Hom witпеsSеS;
-SuгVеуогS' герогts;
- геlеVапt log Ьооk епtгiеs;
-сору of shiр's Safety Оffiсег'S герогt оfассidепt.
120
8.2. CUSTOMS PROCEDURES ON ARRIVAL
to аsS18п назначать
authentication подлинность, достоверность
с1еагапсе разрешение на отход из порта
conSignment партия круза, отправка груза
designated назначенный
епquiгу запрос
extenSive обширный
fine штраф
high seas открытое море
in advance заранее
to inhale вдыхать
intact неповрежденный
to issue выдавать
item предмет
light dueS маячные сборы
livestock скот
mагitа1 status семейное положение
ргоvidiпg при условии
smuggling контрабанда
thогоugh тщательный
Vеhiс1е средство передвижения
WitnesS свидетель
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiф its gist:
Customs гulеs геquiге that Within 24 hоuгS аftег аггivа1 of апу VеsSе1 Hom а
fогеigп рогt ог of а fогеigп VеSsе1 Hom еithег а domeStic рогt ог the high Sеаs, such
аггivа1 shа11 Ье герогtеd Ьу апу meanS of communication to the Со11есtог of
Customs ог to the Customs Воагdiпg Оffiсег assigned to the VеSsе1. It Should Ье
kept in mind that по регsоп is а11оwеd оп Ьоагd пог is апу сгеW mеmЬег ог
раsSепgег аl1оWеd аShоге until the VеSSе1 is с1еагеd Ьу the Customs Воагdiпg
оfflсег.
The С1еагапсе. Оп епtегiпg the fiгst рогt of са11 the Ship must ргоduсе а
С1еагапсе Hom the laSt рогt of са11. This С1еагапсе may Ье issued Ьу Сustоms, the
Captain of the рогt ог НагЬоuг Ро1iсе. It is gепега11у Ьгоught оп Ьоагd Ьу the
а8епt.
122
А Сагgо Dесlагаtiоп. The mаstег must dес1аге the сагgо.
Сгеw Lists. СгеW Lists аге геquiгеd in а11 fогеigп рогts. TheSe must Ье given
to the Quагапtiпе, Customs and Immigгаtiоп Оffісегs and НагЬоuг Police When
they Ьоагd. The ship Will геquiге аЬоut ten copieS in moSt рогts.
А РаSSепgег List. The 1ist Should indicate Which раSSепgегS аге landing and
which аге in tгапsit. Раssепgег Lists should include the hll паmе, Sех, mагitаl
stаtus, аgе, паtiопаlitу, раssрогt пumЬег and соuпtгу of issuе, рогt of еmЬагkаtiоп,
dеStiпаtiоп.
Stоге Lists. Stоге Lists аге геquiгеd in еVегу рогt of са11. Тhеге is по stапdагd
fогm of Stоге List, each company issuing its оwп. Stоге Lists when роSsiЬlе Should
Ье made up ЬеfОге аггivаl.
The Stоге List is ап imрогtапt document and сап cause much tгоuЬlе When
епtегiпg if not made up соггесtlу and ассuгаtеlу.
Саге should Ье ехегсisеd to haVe соггесt quantitieS shoWn оп the Stоге List,
еSресiа11у fог Such items as сigагеttеS, оthег tоЬассо ргоduсts, Sрiгits of а11 kiпds,
and оthег items саггуiпg а high dutу, such as соffее, tea and sugаг. А check may Ье
made оп these items Hom time to time While the Vеssе1 is in рогt.
NагсоtiсS in the medicine cheSt Should Ье 1istеd, tоgеthег with thеiг Wеights,
and the contents of сопtаiпегS, Such aS Ьоttlеs ог ЬохеS, should Ье iпdiсаtеd.
СгеW Dесlагаtiоп. This dесlагаtiоп must Show the сigагеttеs, оthег tоЬассо
ргоduсts and sрiгits owned Ьу the сгеw. MoSt соuпtгiеs alloW each сгеW mеmЬег а
сагtоп of сigагеttеs and а quагt of litег of sрiгits.
А11 оVег that amount must Ье со1lесtеd and stогеd in а sеа1еd 1осkег. The
Сгеw Dесlагаtiоп Should indicate the amount each man has kept out and the
amount taken uр. The dесlагаtiоп Should also shoW ргivаtеlу owned гаdiоs,
саmегаS, musical iпStгumепts.
The СгеW Dес1агаtiоп is made up in duрliсаtе, опе сору Ьеiпg kept fог the
Vеssеl's fіlе, in огdег that the dесlагеd itеms, if р1асеd uпdег sеа1, may Ье геtumеd
to the ргорег оwпегS.
Shiр'S Stоге Вопd. То ргеVепt smuggling Such goods aS Sрiгits, WiпеS,
сigагеttеs, tоЬассо, регЁmеS, рhоtОсаmегаs and оthегS the customs оffісегS
геquеSt the Captain to give the Shiр's Stоге Ьопd оп dutiаЬ1е goods kept аЬоагd fог
the uSe of the shiр'S сгеw and раSsепgегs.
The Customs Sеа1S. The Customs 1аWs and геgulаtiопS in а11 соuпtгiеs should
Ье Stгiсtlу complied With, рагtiсulагlу in геgагd to Customs Sеа1S. Опсе а Customs
Sеа1 is оп а 1осkег ог а гооm, it Should not Ье Ьгоkеп ог tаmрегеd with. If the
VesSel is to ргосееd to апоthег рогt in the Same соuпtгу, the Sеа1S should Ье kept
intact until регmissiоп is givеп, in Wгitiпg if роSsiЬlе, to Ьгеаk them аftег 1еаViпg
the рогt.
The оп1у time а Customs seal may Ье Ьгоkеп is when the vеSsе1 1еаVеS the 1аSt
рогt of са11 in а соuпtгу and has disеmЬагkеd hег рilоt.
Sеагсhiпg the Vеssе1. When а11 the сгеW exceSS сigагеttеs, оthег tоЬассо
ргоduсts and sрiгits haVe Ьееп placed in а гооm Whеге they Will Ье sеаlеd, а
thогоugh Sеагсh - and it should Ье thогоugh - is made of the сгеw'S quагtегs,
123
оffiсегs' quагtегs, Stогегооms and оthег spaceS Whеге it is роssiЬ1е that а сгеW
mеmЬег may haVe hidden sоmеthiпg. TheSe SеагсhегS, knoWn to Seamen aS "Fогtу
ТhiеvеS", еithег ЬесаuSе they аге ех-Sеаmеп ог thгоugh 1опg ехрегiепсе аге Vегу
thогоugh, and гаге1у miss hidden сigагеttеs ог оthег сопсеа1еd агtiс1еS. They know
а11 the tгiсks.
If +апуthiпg is found Ьу the sеагсhегS, the vеsSе1 will ргоЬаЬ1у Ье sеагсhеd
аgаiп, еithег in the same рогt ог in the next рогt of the Same соuпtгу if calling at
опе. The VеSSе1 is suЬjесt to а fiпе, SometimeS а heaVy опе, if апу uпdесlагеd
сigагеttеs ог оthег dutiаЬ1е агtiсlеS ог сопtгаЬапd аге fоuпd.
Action when dгugs аге fоuпd:
- Log а11 actionS Iaken in ге1аtiоп to the disсоVегу.
- Notify оwпегS.
- NоtiЩ agent at next рогt of call Ьеfоге епtегiпg tеггitогiаl wаtегS.
-Аsk agent to infom арргоргiаtе аuthогitiеs.
- With апоthег оffiсег as witпеsS, гесогd poSition of расkаgе. Take
рhоtоgгарhs.
- Rесогd disсоVегу in OLB паггаtivе pageS (ог аппех), noting dаtе, timе,
location of р1асе Whеге dгugs Wеге fоuпd, арргохimаtе quапtitу, name /
гапk of fiпdег, names of WitпеsSеS, еtс. Mention the геаsоп why Нпdег WaS
in the 1осаtiоп. Make а Ы11 герогt.
- NоtifУ аgепt, аuthогitiеS and Р &1 С1uЬ соггеsропdепt оп аггivа1.
- RehiSe регmissiоп fог сгеw to go аshоге оп аггivаl until checked Ьу
арргоргiаtе аuthогitiеS.
Iпwагd С1еагапсе. This is gгапtеd Ьу the Ьоагdiпg оffiсег, Satisfied With а11
documents and the Ьопd lосkег соuпt, Ьу stamping the "Rерогt ассерtеd" Space at
the foot of the МаStег's Dесlагаtiоп. The VеsSе1 is then Said to Ье "с1еагеd
iпWагds" and регSоппеl may еmЬагk and disеmЬагk and сагgо орегаtiопS may
соЁепсе.
Customs С1еагапсе Оutwагds.
Fог с1еагапсе оutwагds, the mаstег should соmр1еtе МаStег's Dес1агаtiоп
fогm in duр1iсаtе and give the fогms to Сustоms. Не Should а1Sо:
- give Customs а сору of the сагgо dесlагаtiоп Which Was given fог герогt if
апу imрогtеd goods геmаiп оп Ьоагd fог ехрогt;
- ргоduсе "Iпfоmіаtiоп Note fог the Intended Рогt of DеStiпаtiоп" Fогm.
This fom must Ье ргеsепtеd to the competent аuthогitiеs fог authentication at
the рогt of dерагtuге. Infomation to Ье епtегеd iпсludеS: Vеssе1's паmе, рогt and
date of dерагtuге, intended рогt of dеStiпаtiоп, ргоЬаЬ1е рогts of са11, Sigпаtuге of
captain of the VеsSе1 ог his гергеSепtаtivе, оffісiа1 authentication Ьу the competent
аuthогitу at the рогt of dерагtuге.
Веfоге giving с1еагапсе Customs Will Want to сhесk:
- that the ship hо1ds vа1id Sаfеtу, Load line and оthег shiр's сегtifісаtеS;
- that апу light dueS рауаЬ1е haVe Ьееп раid. They do this Ьу inSpecting the Lights
СегtiНсаtеS.
124
If а11 documents аге in огdег the VеSSе1 Will Ье "с1еагеd оutwагds?' Ьу the
Customs оffісег Stamping the "с1еагапсе gгапtеd" Space at the foot of the МаStег'S
Dесlагаtiоп Fоm.
Uп1еss She is SuЬjесt to а Detention Огdег the Vеssе1 may then 1еgа11у sаil.
1. IfCustoms visits the ship оп аггivа1, а. аЬоut the Ship and its voyage and
details of the Shiр's StогеS оп аггivа1.
3. Оп епtегiпg the fiгSt рогt of саl1 с. the Ship must ргоduсе а с1еагапсе fгоm
the 1аst рогt of са11.
125
4. Stоге Lists When роSsiЬ1е d. the сigагеttеS, оthег tоЬассо ргоduсts
and Sрiгits oWned Ьу the сгеw.
6. The Customs laWS and геgulаtiопs in f. they Will погmа11у ask fог the герогt
а11 соuпtгiеS thеп.
а1lосаtiоп распределение
аsу1um убежище
Ьгеасh (оf the аgгееmепt) нарушение (соглашения)
to detail выделять, назначать
to dеtег (fгоm) удерживать (от)
епdогsеmепt подтверждение
to expedit быстро выполнять, ускорять
hаtсhсоVег гесеSS паз крышки люка
illеgа1 незаконный
lеgis1аtiоп законодательство
to 1еVу (оп) отнести за счет к-л
monkey island верхний мостик, компасная площадка
ргоSесutiоп судебное преследование
ге1еvапt относящийся к ч-л
Stack штабель
stеегiпg Паt отделение рулевой машины
``заяц", безбилетный пассажир
stowaway
tаг8еt цель
tеmрогагу временный
to vегiф удостовериться, проверить
VulпегаЬ1е уязвимый
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiЩ its gist:
ImmigГаtiОП СОПtГОl
The Immigгаtiоп ОfГісег Ьоагds the ship at the fігSt рогt of епtгу tоgеthег With
the Quагапtiпе Оffiсег at the quагапtiпе апсhогаgе.
126
The Immigгаtiоп Оffiсег Will check off each mеmЬег of the сгеW, and
раSSепgегS if апу, оп the Сгеw and РаSSепgег Lists againSt his Вооk.
Ву immigгаtiоп and customs гulеs пеithег раssепgег пог сгеW аге регmittеd to
go аShоге until they аге checked off Ьу the Immigгаtiоп Воагdiпg Оffiсег and the
vеssе1 is с1еагеd Ьу Сustоms. The VeSSel is suЬjесt to а fine if theSe гulеs аге not
Stгiсtlу оЬSегVеd.
The mаStег must герогt at опсе to ап Immigгаtiоп ОfГісег When it is песеSsагу
to 1апd to hоSрitа1 fог mеdiса1 tгеаtmепt апу mеmЬег of the сгеW Who is suЬjесt to
immigгаtiоп сопtго1, and must ргоduсе his document fог епdогSеmепt.
РаSsепgегS. IпWагd. Мапу сагgо VеSsе1S аге equipped to саггу up to 12
раSSепgегs. Fог Immigгаtiоп and Customs рuгроsеS а раSSепgег is апу регsоп
саггiеd оп Ьоагd а vеSsе1 Who is not connected With hег орегаtiоп, паVigаtiоп,
оWпегShiр ог ЬusiпеSs, and aS such must Ье shown оп the Раssепgег List.
The раsSепgегS' nameS must Ье 1istеd in ап а1рhаЬеtiса1 огdег, family names
fiгSt, in сарitаls, fоl1оWеd Ьу the given name and iпitiаls.
МеmЬегS of the сгеW аге gгапtеd tеmрогагу Shоге 1еаvе duгiпg the shiр'S Stay
in рогt. Shоге paSSeS аге fіl1еd iп, Signed and Stаmреd.
They must Ье со1lесtеd and геtumеd Ьеfоге sаiliпg. The Immigгаtiоп ОfГісег
may also Visit the VеSsе1 Ьеfоге she sails to See if апу of the сгеw is missiпg.
StoWawaVS
1МО "Guidе1iпеS оп the а11осаtiоп of геsропsiЬilitiеS to seek the SuссеSshі1
геsо1utiоп of StowaWay саSеS", defme а stoWaWay aS "а регSоп Who is Sесгеtеd Оп
а Shiр, ог in а сагgо Which is SuЬSеquепtlу 1оаdеd оп the Shiр, Without the consent
of the ShiроWпег ог the mаstег ог апу оthег геsропsiЬ1е регSоп and Who is detected
оп Ьоагd аНег the Ship haS Sаilеd, and is dесlагеd aS а StoWaway Ьу the mаStег to
the арргоргiаtе аuthогitiеS".
А StowaWay аггiviпg at ог епtегiпg а соuпtгу without the геquiгеd documents is
ап illegal immigгапt.
StoWaWay аSуlum-sееkегS Should Ье tгеаtеd in compliance With intemational
ргiпсiрlеs aS set out in iпtеmаtiопа1 iпStгumепts and ге1еVапt паtiопа1 1еgislаtiоп.
MoSt соuпtгiеS оп1у аl1оW а stoWaWay to Ье 1апdеd if he haS the песеSSагу
tгаvе1 documents to геtum to his own соuпtгу. StoWaWays disсоVегеd оп Ьоагd
гаге1у have апу dосumепtаtiоп.
It is often vегу diffiсult, timе-сопSumiпg and expenSive to аггапgе fог the
1апdiпg and гераtгiаtiоп of StоWаWауS.
Actions tO Ье taken ргiОг to аггivаl in РОгt
- Епsuге that а11 регmапепt deck 1ightiпg is mlly орегаtiопаl.
- AlwayS геmеmЬег that а Wе1l-1it VеSSе1 Will dеtег potential stowaWayS Hom
attempting to fmd а Safe hideaWay оп Ьоагd.
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- А11 агеаS which аге not еSsепtiа1 fог the 1оаdiпg/disсhагgе of сагgо - such as
Stогаgе lосkегS and hо1ds not Ьеiпg Wогkеd - Should Ье сагеmllу Sесuгеd
ргiог to аггivа1 in рогt.
Actions to Ье taken When at АпсhОг
- ShipS at апсhог аге а1Wауs VulпегаЬ1е, so it is рагtiсulаг1у imрогtапt to make
it aS difficult aS роssiЬlе fог апуопе attempting to сlimЬ оп Ьоагd.
- А11 means of acceSs Should Ье sесuгеd, iпс1udiпg the hаWSег-рiре соVегS оп
the апсhог сhаiпS.
- А11 gangways and accommodation 1аddегs Should Ье гаisеd When not in usе.
- А ргорег Watch Should Ье kept at а11 times - геgulаг deck раtгоls should Ье
made Ьу сгеW mеmЬегS Wогkiпg in раiгs.
ActiOnS tO Ье taken When in РОгt
- When а VеsSе1 is in рогt, it Ьесоmеs а poSitive tагgеt fог апуопе Who might
сопSidег it to Ье а conVenient and Нее mode of tгапsрогt. This is eVen mоге
1ikе1у to Ье the case if the VеSSе1'S next рогt of са11 haS Ьесоmе common
kпоW1еdgе.
- The гisk Ьесоmеs highег Still if the VеSsеl's next deStination is а соuпtгу
knoWn to Ье fаVоuгеd Ьу stоwаWауS, Such aS Canada ог the USА.
- It is еSsепtiа1 that iпfогmаtiоп conceming the vеsSе1's Ыtuге рогts of са11 is
геStгiсtеd.
- Тhеге Should Ье poSitive геStгiсtiоп and сопtго1 of the moVement of
shогеsidе регSоппе1 оп Ьоагd the vеsSе1. It is imрогtапt, hоWеVег, to keep а
check оп the пumЬег of gangs оп Ьоагd, and the пumЬег of StеVеdогеs in
each gапg. А сагеml check should Ье made at the Ьеgiппiпg and the end of
each shift and the соггесt пumЬег of stеVеdогеs Should Ье accounted fог.
- Ап efficient gangway watch Should Ье maintained at а11 timеS. Each and
еVегу iпdividuа1 aniving at the gangway Should Ье questioned to VегiЩ his
гight to Ьоагd the Shiр. Good communication Should Ье maintained Ьеtwееп
а11 регsоппеl оп dutу; if you always give the imргеSsiоп of ап efficient and
high ргоfі1е геgimе, this Will dеtег most оррогtuпist stoWaWays and thiеVеs.
- Access to accommodation агеаS should а1wауs Ье геStгiсtеd. Оп1у еSsепtiа1
accesSes should геmаiп ореп and uп1осkеd and а геgulаг check Should Ье
made of а11 accommodation агеаs. Апуопе found in theSe агеаS Who is not
associated With рогt орегаtiопS Should Ье сhа11епgеd and diр1оmаtiса11у
aSked to account fог thеiг ргеsепсе.
- А11 агеаs, which аге not еSsепtiа1 fог the 1оаdiпg/disсhагgе of сагgо, Should
Ье Sесuгеd and 1осkеd and геgulаг inspectionS made to check fог tаmрегiпg.
Агеаs that cannot Ье аdеquаtе1у Sесuгеd - such aS 1ifеЬоаts - should Ье kept
to а miпimum, thus геduсiпg the роssiЬilitу of аttгасtiпg StowaWayS and
SimрlifУiпg the рге-dерагtuге sеагсh ргосеduге.
- То saVe time ргiог to dерагtuге and to геduсе the роssiЬilitу of аttгасtiпg
stоWаwауS, each hо1d сап Ье SWept and 1аShеd aS wогk is соmр1еtеd. The
hо1d сап then Ье thогоughlу sеагсhеd and а11 accesses sесuгеd and lосkеd.
128
S - Апуопе Without а Vа1id геаsоп fог Ьеiпg оп Ьоагd the VеSSе1 should Ье
еSсогtеd аshоге immеdiаtе1у and the ге1еVапt аuthогitiеS iпfоmеd.
1. А СгеW List Should Ье ргерагеd аНег the Shiр'S аггivа1 at the рогt.
2. Shоге paSSes аге Н11еd iп, Signed and Stаmреd.
3. The passeS must not Ье геtumеd Ьеfоге sаiliпg.
4. The Immigгаtiоп Оffiсег may not Visit the VeSSel Ьеfоге She sаils.
5. StoWaWayS disсоvегеd оп Ьоагd the Ship haVe ргорег dосumепts.
6. ShipS at апсhог аге alwayS VulпегаЬlе.
7. It is not песеssагу to Sеагсh the VеSSе1 Ьеfоге dерагtuге.
1. ЕпSuге that а11 pemanent deck lighting а. should Ье еsсогtеd аshоге immеdiаtеlу.
3. А1l gangways and accommodation с. гесогdiпg the Sеагсh and its геsults.
1аddегs
129
8.4. PORT STATE CONTROL
to aSSeSS оценивать
аVаilаьilitу наличие
to Ье аwаге of сознавать, знать
to соmр1у with соблюдать (требования)
deficiency нехватка, дефицит
detention задержание
to don надевать
еггаtiс непостоянныи, изменчивый
ham вред
hаzагdоuS опасный, вредный
identity подлинность, идентичность
рагtiсulагs основнь1е данные
ргiог (tо) до (чего - либо)
ргоVisiопs условия (конвенции)
гесtifісаtiоп исправления
to геmоVе устранять
to геVеа1 обнаруживать
Stгiсt строгий
to Suspend приостанавливать
thгеаt у1роза
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
130
and VHF iпStа1lаtiопS, fiге-fіghtiпg equipment and 1ifе-sаviпg applianceS (lifе-
Ьоаts, 1ifе-гаfts, 1ifе-ЬuоуS, еtс.) aS Wеll.
The сопtго1liпg оffісег is liаЬ1е to asSeSS the аЬilitу of the sеаfагегS of the ship
to maintain Watch keeping stапdагds aS геquiгеd Ьу the СопVепtiоп, еsресiа1lу in
саsеS, Whеп:
1. the ship haS Ьееп iпVо1Vеd in а со1lisiоп, gгоuпdiпg ог Stгапdiпg When in рогt
ог арргоасhiпg the hагЬоuг;
2. the Ship haS disсhагgеd suЬstапсеs When uпdегWау, at апсhог ог at Ьегth,
which is illеgа1 uпdег iпtеmаtiопа1 сопVепtiопs;
3. the Ship haS Ьееп mапоеuVгеd in ап еггаtiс ог unsafe mаппег ог naVigational
соuгsе mагkегs ог tгаffіс Sерагаtiоп schemes hаVеп't Ьееп fоl1оWеd.
1п caSes 1 and 3 the сопtго1liпg оffісегS shа11 VегifУ the аVаilаЬilitу and deck
оffiсегs' аЬilitу to uSe арргоргiаtе паVigаtiопа1 рuЬ1iсаtiопS in English оп tideS and
сuггепts, Sailing diгесtiопS, sеа-сhагts (dulу соггесtеd and of ргорег Sса1е),
naVigational Wаmiпgs, mеtеого1оgiса1 iпfогmаtiоп, meSSages conceming shiр'S
safety and орегаtiопS, aS Well aS thеiг аЬilitу to ехргеsS themselveS с1еаг1у in
Епg1ish in communication With оthег ships ог coaSt Stations оп the ЬаSis of 1МО
Stапdагd Магiпе Communicative Рhгаsеs.
The епtгiеS in the shiр's 1оg Ьооk, Oil Rесогd Вооk, GMDSS 1оg Book аге а1sо
the mаttег of thеiг concem in this саsе. ВеSidеs, аuthогizеd оffісегS may asSeSs
deck оffісегS' kпоWlеdgе, iпtецtгеtаtiоп and арр1iсаtiоп of the RuleS of the Rоаd,
methods of damage сопtгоl, thеiг аЬilitу to 1аuпсh and handle 1ifе-Ьоаts, iпс1udiпg
donning of 1ifе-jасkеts ргосеduге, еtс.
No need to Say that the оffісегS сопtго1liпg the ship рау Sресiа1 attention to the
condition of the Shiр'S fіге-fіghtiпg applianceS and to оЬsегViпg fіге геgulаtiопs оп
the shiр. They may inspect hoW fіге раtго1 syStem is mаiпtаiпеd, геаdу-аVаilаЬilitу
of fiге-ехtiпguishiпg syStems as Wе1l. And what is mоге, they аге аuthогizеd to
aSseSS ргасtiсаl аЬilitiеS of Some deck оffісегs ог а11 the сгеW in using the fiге-
extinguishing арр1iапсеs fог регsопs' геsсuiпg ог shiр's suгVivаl and регsопаl
tесhпiquеS.
NоWаdауS, When ргеVепtiоп of Sea ро11utiоп has Ьесоmе ап iпtеmаtiопа1
ргоЬlеm of Vitа1 imрогtапсе, а11 modem VeSsels Should соmр1у With the
геquiгеmепts of the Intemational ConVention fог the РгеVепtiоп of Ро11utiоп fГоm
ShipS Ьу thеiг сопStгuсtiоп and sресiа1 еquiрmепt.
Тhаt'S Why а11 the VеSSе1S аггiviпg in the рогt аге SuЬjесt to Stгiсt inspection Ьу
duly аuthогizеd оffiсегs Who come аЬоагd to VегifУ Whеthег the ship haS Vа1id
сегtifiсаtеs uпdег the ргоVisiопs of the MARPOL ConVention (1ОРР
Сегtifiсаtе).Whеп in рогt, the mаstег and оffісег in сhагgе of the Watch shа1l Ье
аwаге of the SегiоuS affects of орегаtiопа1 ог accidental ро11utiоп of the mагiпе
епViгопmепt and Shа11 take а11 роssiЬlе ргесаutiопS to ргеVепt such роllutiоп.
1п case of апу dоuЬt the аuthогizеd оffiсегs аге 1iаЬ1е to inspect the Ship in рогt
at апу time to аSсегtаiп Whеthег the ship haS disсhагgеd апу hаmЫl SuЬStапсеS
uпdег Агtiс1е 6 of MARPOL Сопvепtiоп.
131
ЕVегу Ship is геquiгеd to сагту the fо11оWiпg Shiр's сегtifiсаtеS, and documents
(1МО RеSо1utiоп А.787 (1)) Whiсh, to the extent арр1iсаЬ1е, may Ье checked
duгiпg the Рогt State Сопtгоl iпSресtiоп:
- Сегtifісаtе pemitting to Sail uпdег the State F1аg of the соuпtгу;
-Sаfеtу Сопstгuсtiоп Сегtifісаtе;
-Сегtifісаtе of sеаWогthiпеsS;
- Сегtifісаtе of ОWпегshiр of the Shiр;
-Сегtifiсаtе of Меаsuгеmепts;
-Lоаd Line Сегtifiсаtе;
-Sаfеtу Radio Сегtifісаtе;
-Sаfеtу Equipment Сегtifісаtе;
- а11 оthег Documents Which аге геquiгеd Ьу Iпtеmаtiопа1 ConVention When
Ships аге оп fогеigп Vоуаgеs;
- Intemational Tonnage Сегtifісаtе (1969);
- Сагgо Ship Safety Сопstгuсtiоп Сегtifісаtе and Exemption Сегtifісаtе, if
апу;
- Сагgо Ship Safety Equipment Сегtifісаtе and Exemption Сегtifiсаtе, if апу;
- Сагgо Ship Safety Rаdiо, Rаdiоtе1еgгарhу ог Rаdiоtе1ерhопу Сегtifiсаtе
and Exemption Сегtifісаtе, if апу;
- Сагgo Ship Safety Сегtifiсаtе;
- Document of Соmр1iапсе fог the Саггiаgе of DапgегоuS GOods (SОLАS 74
ге8. 11 - 2\54);
- Intemational Oil Роl1utiоп РгеVепtiоп Сегtifiсаtе;
- Iпtеmаtiопа1 Load Line Сегtifiсаtе (1966) and Intemational Load Line
Exemption Сегtifiсаtе, if апу;
- Oil Rесогd Book Рагt I (mасhiпегу space орегаtiопs) Рагt 11 (сагgо\ЬаllаSt
орегаtiопs);
-Сагgo Rесогd Вооk;
- Minimum Safe Manning Document ;
- СегtifiсаtеS of Competency iпс1udiпg апу DапgегоuS Goods Епdогsеmепt.
Огigiпаls аVаilаЬlе With English tгапSlаtiоп Whеге геquiгеd, геvаlidаtеd as
песеsSагу
- Меdiса1 Сегtifісаtеs (ILО ConVention Nо. 73 Conceming Medical
Examination of SеаfагегS) аге Vа1id;
- StаЬilitу Вооklеt, ASSociated StаЬilitу Р1апS and StаЬilitу Iпfогmаtiоп;
- ShiрЬоагd Oil Роl1utiоп Еmегgепсу Р1ап (SОРЕР) (МАRРОL 73Y78,
Аппех 1, Rеg. 26);
-Сегtifісаtiоп оfС1аss;
- С1аssifiсаtiоп SuгVеу Stаtus. MoSt гесепt quагtег1у 1istiпg of suгVеу itеms.
- Rерогts of ргеViоuS рогt State сопtгоl iпSресtiопs;
- Rерогts of stгuсtuгаl SuгVеуS;
-Сопditiоп eValuation герогt;
132
-ТhiсkпеSs mеаSuгеmепt герогts;
-Suгvеу р1аппiпg dосumепt;
-Сегtifісаtе оfгеgistгу;
-SuеZ Сапа1 Сегtifісаtе;
- Panama Сапа1 Сегtifiсаtе;
- Dегаttiпg сегtifісаtе ог dегаttiпg exemption сегtifісаtе;
- Manifest of stoWage Р1ап fог dапgегоuS gооds;
- Сагgо stowage and sесuгiпg mапuа1;
-Оffiсiа11оg Ьооk;
- Мапоеuvгiпg Ьооklеt (With iпfогmаtiоп disр1ауеd оп the Ьгidgе);
- Сuггепt editionS of sОLАS, MARPOL and Load Line сопVепtiопs;
- Radio 1оg епtгiеs;
-Rаdiо station 1iсепсе;
- Меdiса1 lосkег сегtifісаtе;
- Life гаft SегViсiпg сегtifiсаtе;
- Сагgо gеаг. Documents and сегtifісаtеs соVегiпg Shiр's сагgо gеаг апd/ог
аррliапсеS;
- Rеgistег of Shiр's 1iRiпg арр1iапсеS and сагgо handling gеаг;
А11 аЬоVе mentioned documents must Ье kept оп Ьоагd in the огigiпа1 except
the Сегtifісаtiоп of ОWпегshiр of the Ship Which may Ье ап оffiсiа11у Vегifiеd
сору.
А11 the Shiр'S documents must Ье ргорег1у vаlidаtеd. 1п а11 рогts of са11 Shiр's
documents should Ье со11есtеd and kept геаdу fог inSpection Ьу Lоса1 АuthогitiеS.
ЕVегу Ship is SuЬjесt to соmр1еtе and еfГісiепt inSpection and SuгVеу Ьу the
аuthогizеd оffісегS (Рогt State Сопtгоl IпSресtiопs).
The condition of the ship ог its equipment shall соггеSропd with the рагtiсulагS
of the аЬоvе mentioned сегtifісаtеS and dосumепts. If thеге аге с1еаг gгоuпds fог
Ье1iеViпg that the condition of the ship ог its equipment does not соггеSропd
SuЬStапtiа11у With the рагtiсulагS of the СегtifісаtеS ог documents it may suЬjесt
the ship to heaVy fineS ог uпргоfіtаЬ1е dе1ауS Which might геsult in sегiоuS
сопSеquепсеs, even thгоugh the difficulty агisеп fi.оm а mеге tесhпiсаlitу.
133
RectificatiOn and DetentiOn
ExaminatiOn SегViсе
134
Unit 9, CARGO OPERATIONS
and CARGO DOCUMENTS
Lесtuге lavout
Lеагпiпg ОЫесtivеS :
1. to teach students ргоfеSsiопаl tеmiпо1оgу соVегiпg 1оаdiпg and disсhагgiпg
ргосеduгеS;
П. to extend the VосаЬulагу of this tорiс;
1П. to соmЬiпе suЬjесt 1еаmiпg and 1апguаgе 1еагпiпg SimultапеоuS1у;
IV. to арргоасh рuгроSе-wгittеп paSsageS avoiding complex 1апguаgе.
138
П. Reading activities
IПtГОduСtiОП
Сhагtег Рагtу
139
А VoVage сhагtег is а сопtгасt in Which it is аgгееd that the vеSSе1 Will Ье сhагtегеd
fог а рагtiсulаг vоуаgе. The mаjогitу of tгаmр сагgо-shiрmепts аге made оп а
vоуаgе-сhагtег Ьаsis.
Сарtаiп'S DесlагаtiОп
СагgО ManifeSt
140
As а гulе the Manifest is made up Ьу the аgепt.
It contains the name of the Vеssе1, рогt of 1оаdiпg, рогt of dеstiпаtiоп, Bill of
Lаdiпg-пumЬег, Shiррег, conSignee and сагgо рагtiсulагs.
Notice of ReadinesS
1п the `Nоtiсе of геаdiпеsS" 0`ЮR) the mаStег infoms the Shiррег, the
conSignee and the аuthогitiеS that the Vеssе1 is геаdу to 1оаd Ог disсhагgе the сагgо.
It states the рогt of loading / disсhагgiпg, the type of сагgо and its mеtгiс tоппаgе.
The "герогtiпg dау" is the day that the `Nоtiсе of геаdiпеSs" must Ье handed
оVег to the сhагtегег ассогdiпg to the Сhагtег Рагtу. If the геаdiпеss of the VеSsе1 is
dе1ауеd Ьу WhаtеVег геаSоп, 1ау dayS will Ье counted fГоm the Ьеgiппiпg of the
next day аftег the герогtiпg dау, unless the Сhагtег раЩr states оthегWisе.
Ву ``dеtепtiоп" is uпdегstооd апу dе1ау in the loading ог disсhагgiпg of the сагgо.
CompenSation of damages that оссuг due to detention is саl1еd "dеmuггаgе".
Маtе'S Receipt
Аftег the сагgо haS Ьееп гесеivеd Ьу the Vеssе1, the НгSt mate Will make up а
гесеiрt whегеiп а11 the рагtiсulагS and amounts of the сагgоеs that wеге 1оаdеd аге
stаtеd, including апу shогtаgеS ог damaged сагgо itеms. This "Маtе'S RесеiDt" is
then tгапsfеггеd to the shiррег.
When the amount of сагgо гесеivеd Ьу the VeSSel does not аgгее With the
amount that is stated in the Сhагtег Рагtу, we speak of "dеаd Неight" (whiсh is
actually the amount of сагgо missiпg).
The mаstег Will make up а "Dеаd Height Lеttег" in Which the Shогtаgе is stаtеd.
NoW the оwпегS of the сагgо Will hаVё the гight to claim dаmаgеs.
The Bill of Lading Will then Ьесоmе ``ф±±±", а tem that indicateS that сагgо
ог рагt of it is damaged ог missing . А ``g±gащ" Bill of Lading is When по сагgо is
damaged ог missiпg.
• gепега1 аVегаgе (i.е. indemnity fог а11 рагtiеS ЬесаuSе dе1iЬегаtе iпПiсtiоп of
damage haS avoided gгеаtег dаmаgе);
141
• Wind and / ог Sea conditionS that haVe cauSed damage ог Such а dе1ау that the
vеSSе1 has not Ьееп аЬ1е to make а сапсе11iпg dаtе;
• а Ьгеасh of сопtгасt Ьу the Сhагtегег, the ConSignee ог thеiг agents (е.g. undue
dе1ау fаiluгеs With 1оаdiпg ог disсhагgiпg, геЫsа1 to рау Height ог dеmuггаgе, еtс.)
The Ргоtеst itself is а mоге ог 1еss stапdагdizеd fom that is made up Ьеfоге
а Nоtагу РuЬ1iс ог the Consul of the соuпtгу in which the VеSSе1 is геgistегеd, in
WitneSs of the Маstег and сгеWmеmЬегS who haVe knoWledge of the fасts. А11 the
ге1еVапt iпfогmаtiоп, such aS 1оg Ьооk епtгiеs and dеsсгiрtiопs of сiгсumstапсеs
must Ье attached to the РгоtеSt.
Тhегеfоге а Ргоtеst is often ргесеdеd Ьу а wгittеп Statement of Fасts, made
up Ьу the МаStег to sресiЩ the сiгсumstапсеs that caused the damage ог lоSS.
142
Ехегсisе 4. Match the рагts of the Sепtепсеs:
8. Маtе's гесеiрt
h. the регsоп ог company Who suрр1iеS
the сагgо to Ье tгапsрогtеd
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2.Rеаd the text and idепtifУ its gist:
Receiving Сагgo
6. who payS the 1оSS if the mаstег fails to f. "Аt Shiррег's гisk until асtuа1lу
ргоtесt the рuгсhаSег of the В/L Hom Shiрреd„
наud?
7. Why аге Маtе's Receipts and ВsЛL g. They Should Ье сагеmllу dгаwп uр,
епdогSеd with песеSSагу and justified mагks and пumЬегS copied Hom tа11у
сlаusеs? Ьооks, а11 quantities ShoWn in Wогds and
not in fіguгеS, and рагtiсulагS of геjесtеd
packageS ShoWn thегеоп.
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiф its gist:
148
Dеlivегiпg Сагgo
149
Unit 10. мАRроL
Lеагпiпg ОЬiесtivеS:
1. to iпtгоduсе the Ьаsiс iпfогmаtiоп of shiрЬоагd Магiпе Роl1utiоп Еmегgепсу
Р1ап Scheme aS immediate песеSSагу геSропSе to oil ро1lutiоп and ShiрS'
соорегаtiоп in еmегgепсiеs;
11. to teach neW VосаЬulагу conceming the ргоЬlеms of епViгопmепtаl ргоtесtiоп
and роl1utiоп;
Ш. to епаЬ1е lеаmегs to mаStег ргасtiсаl skills of immediate со11оquiаl геSропsе in
Епg1ish in еmегgепсу ргоfеssiопаl situаtiопS;
IV. to iпtгоduсе iпfогmаtiоп as fог the mаttегs of iпсгеаSiпg iпtеmаtiопа1 concem -
the thгеаt and consequenceS of mагiпе ро1lutiоп caused Ьу shipping and
mагitimе iпdustгу.
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
to convene созь1вать
to iпсоIрогаtе включать
еVепtuа1lу в конце концов
аmепdпюпts поправки
to expand расширять
Stгiпgепt строгий
to imр1еmепt внедрять, воплощать
1ittога1 прибрежный
to contaminate за1рязнять
to аЬsогЬ поглощать
sеgгеgаtеd отдельный
насtiоп частица
мЕрс - Магiпе ЕпViгопmепt комитет по защите морской среды
Ргоtесtiоп Committee
dгаStiса11у радикально
uпdеtесtаЬ1е незаметный
intact целый
to ьап запрещать
to dispose of the Wastes сброс мусора, отходов
temptation соблазн, искушение
illеgа1lу незаконно
to соmр1у With геquiгеmепts согласовь1вать с требованиями
to е1imiпаtе искоренять , уничтожать
efnuent поток
updated модернизированный
inStantaneous незамедлительный
152
noxiouS вредный
епtгу into fогсе ввод в силу
аuthогizеd уполномоченный
iпсiпегаtог мусоросжигательная установка
Stop tank отстойный бак
hаmПі1 SuЬStапсе вредные вещества
tojettison сбрасывать груз
сгосkегу фаянсовая посуда
to comminute измельчать
геhlsе мусор
геSiduе осадок
iпitiа1 первоначальный
intemediate промежуточный
vа1iditу срок действия
арр1iсаЬ1е прилагаемый
to соmьаt бороться
to Suрр1еmепt дополнять
ргоVisiопS положения, провизия
lаье1liпg снабжение ярлыками
to tгеаt воспринимать
ро11utапt загрязнитель
to exempt исключать
to геtаiп удерживать
hаZагd риск
сопSidегаtiоп внимание, рассмотрение
dгаiпаgеS дренаж, водостоки
гаgs тряпки
to imраiг вредить
sеwа8е сточнь1е воды
gагьаgе мусор
SuьStапсе вещество
dе1iЬегаtе преднамеренный
emissionS выбросы
depleting истощающий, исчерпывающий
Nitгоgеп OxideS ОЧох) окис азота
Sulрhuг oxideS окись серы
VоlаtiЬ1е Огgапiс Compounds летучие вещества
sludge oil отстойные масла
аuхiliагу вспомогательный
jеорагdizе подвергать опасности
153
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Study the text and idепtifУ its gist:
Сhарtег 1П: Rеquiгеmепts fог minimizing oil poIlution fгоm oil tапkегS due
to Side and Ьоttоm damageS
Сопtаiпs, iпtег-аliа, ргоVisiопs fог damage аSsumрtiопS; hуроthеtiса1
outHoW of оil; limitation of Size of сагgо tanks SuЬdivisiоп and StаЬilitу- and
intact Stаьilitу.
The mаstег ог оthег регSоп haVing сhагgе of апу Ship inVolved in ап incident
shа1l герогt the рагtiсulагS of inVolving hагmml suЬStапсеs without dе1ау and to
the mllest extent роSsiЬlе in ассогdапсе With the ргоvisiопs of Ргоtосо11, Агtiсlе
8 of the СопVепtiоп.
АгtiсIе 111
Contents of герогt
Rерогts Shаl1 in апу case iпс1udе:
1. identity of ships iпVоlvеd;
2. timе, type and location of iпсidепt;
3. quantity and type of hагmhl suЬStапсе iпVо1Vеd;
4. aSsistance and sа1vаgе mеаSuгеS.
154
Агtiсlе V
Rерогtiпg ргосеduгеs
1. Rерогts shа11 Ье made Ьу the faSteSt tе1есоmmuпiсаtiопs channels аVаilаЬ1е
with the higheSt роSsiЬ1е ргiогitу to the пеагеSt coastal Stаtе.
2. Rерогts should Ье Simple and use the stапdагd intemational ship герогtiпg
fomat and ргосеduгеS; Whеге language difficulties may ехist, the 1апguаgеs
uSed Should include Епg1ish, using whеге роssiЬ1е the Stапdагd Магiпе
NаVigаtiопа1 VосаЬulагу, ог аltеmаtivе1у the Iпtеmаtiопа1 Code of Sigпа1s.
GuidelineS fог detailed герогtiпg геqиiгетепts
155
tоtа1 quantity of the рагtiсulаг сагgо of Which the геSiduе fomed а рагt;
and
(Vi) the tапkег haS in орегаtiоп ап oil disсhагgе mопitогiпg and сопtго1
SУstеmаПdасіЁ#=t;А.Г#аПаП8еmеПtаsГеquігеdЬугеелlаtiоп15оfthіs
Аппех.
Rе8ulаtiОп 4
SигvеуS and inSpections
1. ЕVегу oil tапkег of 150 tons gгоSS tonnage and аЬоVе, and еVегу оthег Ship of
400 tons gгоss tonnage and аЬоVе shаl1 Ье SuЬjесt to the suгvеуS Specified
ьеlоw:
а) Ап iпitiа1 suгVеу Ьеfоге the Ship is put in SегViсе ог Ьеfоге the Сегtifісаtе
геquiгеd uпdег геgulаtiоп 5 of this Аппех is issued fог the fігst timе, Which
Shа11 include а соmр1еtе SuгVеу of its Stгuсtuге, еquiрmепt, SуStеms,
fіttiпgs, аггапgеmепts and mаtегiаl in So fаг aS the Ship is соvегеd Ьу this
Аппех. This SuгVеу Shаl1 Ье Such aS to епsuге that the Stгuсtuге, еquiрmепt,
SуStеms, fittiпgs, аггапgеmепts and mаtегiа1 mlly comply With the
арр1iсаЬlе геquiгеmепts of this Аппех.
2.Регiоdiсаl suгVеуs at iпtегVаls Specified Ьу the Аdmiпistгаtiоп Ьut not
exceeding five уеагS, which shаl1 Ье Such as to епsuге that the Stгuсtuге,
еquiрmепt, sуstеms, fіttiпgs, аггапgеmепts and mаtегiа1 mlly соmр1у With the
геquiгеmепts of this Аппех.
3.А minimum of опе iпtегmеdiаtе suгVеу duгiпg the регiоd of Validity of the
Сегtifісаtе which Shа1l Ье such as to епSuге that the equipment and aSsociated
pump and piping SуStеms, iпс1udiпg oil disсhагgе mопitогiпg and сопtго1
Sуstеms, сгudе oil WaShing sуstеms, оilу-Wаtег Sерагаtiпg equipment and oil
filtегiпg SyStems Ы11у соmр1у With the арр1iсаЬ1е геquiгеmепts of this Аппех
and аге in good Wогkiпg огdег. 1п caseS whеге оп1у опе such iпtегmеdiаtе
suгVеу is саггiеd out in апу опе Сегtifісаtе Validity регiоd, it Shаl1 Ье held not
Ьеfоге Six months ргiог tо, пог 1аtег than Six months аftег the hа1f-Wау date of
the Сегtifісаtе регiоd of Vа1iditу. Such intemediate SuгVеуs Shа11 Ье епdогSеd
оп the Сегtifiсаtе issued uпdег геgulаtiоп 5 of this Аппех.
сhарtег IV
Ргеvепtiоп of ро11utiоп агisiпg fгоm ап oil pollutiOn incident
Regulation 26
ShiрЬоагd oil pollution етегgепсу р1ап
1. ЕVегу oil tапkег of 150 tonS gгоss tonnage and аЬоVе and еVегу ship оthег
than ап oil tапkег of 400 tonS gгоSS tonnage and аЬоVе shall саггу оп Ьоагd а
shiрЬоагd oil ро11utiоп еmегgепсу р1ап арргоVеd Ьу the Аdmiпistгаtiоп. 1п
the caSe of ShipS Ьuilt Ьеfоге 4 Аргil 1993 this геquiгеmепt shа11 арр1у 24
months аftег that dаtе.
2. Such а р1ап Shа1l Ье in ассогdапсе With guidе1iпеS** deVeloped Ьу the
Огgапizаtiоп and Wгittеп in the Wогkiпg 1апguаgе of the mаStег and оffiсегs.
The р1ап Shаl1 conSist at leaSt оf:
156
(а) the ргосеduге to Ье followed Ьу the mаStег ог оthег регSопs having
сhагgе of the Ship to герогt ап oil pollution iпсidепt, aS геquiгеd in агtiсlе
8 and РгоtОсоl I of the ргеsепt Сопvепtiоп, Ьаsеd оп the guidе1iпеS
deVeloped Ьу the Огgапizаtiоп;
(Ь) the list of аuthогitiеS ог регsопs to Ье contacted in the eVent of ап oil
pollution iпсidепt;
(с) а detailed dеsсгiрtiоп of the action to Ье taken immеdiаtе1у Ьу регSопS
оп Ьоагd to геduсе ог сопtго1 the disсhагgе of oil following the iпсidепt;
and
(d) the ргосеduгеS and point of contact оп the Ship fог со-огdiпаtiпg
shiрЬоагd action With national and 1оса1 аuthогitiеS in соmЬаtiпg the
роllutiоп.
Rе8ulаtiОп 9
Сагgо Rесогd Book
1. ЕVегу ship to Which this Аппех арр1iеs Shа11 Ье ргоVidеd with а Сагgо Rесогd
Вооk, Whеthег as рагt of the Shiр's official lоg-Ьооk ог оthегWisе, in the fom
Specified in appendix IV to this Аппех.
2. The Сагgо Rесогd Book shа11 Ье соmр1еtеd, оп а tапk-tо-tапk ЬаSis, whепеVег
апу of the fо11оWiпg орегаtiопS with геSресt to а noxious 1iquid SuЬStапсе take
р1асе in the shiр,
(i) loading оfсагgо;
(ii) iпtеmа1 tгапsfег оfсагgо;
(iii) uп1оаdiпg of сагgо;
(iv) cleaning of сагgо tапks;
(V) ЬаllаStiпg оfсагgо tапks;
(Vi) disсhагgе of Ьа11аSt fгоm сагgо tапks;
(Vii) disроsа1 of геSiduеs to гесерtiоп fасilitiеs;
(viii) disсhагgе into the Sea ог геmоVаl Ьу Ventilation of геSiduеS in
ассогdапсе With геgulаtiоп 5 of this Аппех.
3. 1п the eVent of апу disсhагgе of the kind геfеггеd to in агtiсlе 8 of the ргеsепt
Convention and геgulаtiоп 6 of this Аппех of апу noxiouS 1iquid suЬStапсе ог
miхtuге containing Such SuЬstапсе, Whеthег iпtепtiопа1 ог ассidепtа1, ап епtгу
shall Ье made in the Сагgо Rесогd Book Stating the сiгсumstапсеS оf, and the
геаSоп fог the disсhагgе.
4. When а Suгvеуог appointed ог аuthогizеd Ьу the GoVemment of the Рагtу to the
ConVention to SuрегVisе апу орегаtiопS uпdег this Аппех haS inSpected а Shiр,
that SuгVеуог Shа11 make ап арргоргiаtе епtгу in the Сагgо Rесогd Вооk.
5. Each орегаtiоп геfеггеd to in рагаgгарhs (2) and (3) of this геgulаtiоп shа11 Ье
hlly гесогdеd Without dе1ау in the Сагgо Rесогd Book So that а11 the епtгiеS in
the Ьооk арргоргiаtе to that орегаtiоп аге соmрlеtеd. Each епtгу shа11 Ье Signed
Ьу the оffiсег ог оffiсегS in сhагgе of the орегаtiоп concemed and each page
Shа11 Ье Signed Ьу the mаStег of the Shiр. The епtгiеs in the Сагgo Rесогd Book
shall Ье in ап оfГісiаl 1апguаgе of the State Whose Hag the ship is entitled to Ну
157
6. The Сагgо Rесогd Book Shа1l Ье kept in such а р1асе as to Ье геаdilу аVаilаЬ1е
fог inSpection апd, except in the caSe of unmanned Ships uпdег tоW, Shа11 Ье
kept оп Ьоагd the Shiр. It Shа11 Ье геtаiпеd fог а регiоd of thгее уеагs аftег the
1аst епtгу haS Ьееп mаdе.
Аппех 11
Noxious liquid suЬstапсеs саггiеd in Ьulk
The геvisеd Аппех П RegulationS fог the сопtгоl of pollution Ьу noxious liquid
SuЬStапсеs in Ьulk iпс1udеs а neW fоuг-саtеgогу саtеgогizаtiоп syStem of noxious
and 1iquid suЬStапсеs. The геVisеd аппех епtегеd into fогсе оп Jапuагу 2007.
The neW саtеgогiеS аге:
• Саtеgогу Х: Noxious Liquid SuЬStапсеS Whiсh, if disсhагgеd into the Sea
fгоm tank с1еапiпg ог dеЬаllаstiпg орегаtiопS, аге deemed to ргеSепt а mаjог
hаZагd to еithег mагiпе геSоuгсеs ог human health апd, thегеfоге, justifУ the
ргоhiЬitiоп of the disсhагgе into the mагiпе епViгопmепt;
• Саtеgогу Y: Noxious Liquid SuЬstапсеs whiсh, if disсhагgеd into the sea
Eom tank с1еапiпg ог dеЬа11аstiпg орегаtiопs, аге deemed to ргеSепt а
hаZагd to еithег mагiпе геSоuгсеS ог human hеа1th ог cause hагm to
amenitieS ог оthег 1еgitimаtе uSes of the Sea and thегеfоге justifУ а 1imitаtiоп
оп the quality and quantity of the disсhагgе into the mагiпе епViгопmепt;
• Саtеgогу Z: Noxious Liquid SuЬstапсеS Whiсh, if disсhагgеd into the sea
fгоm tank с1еапiпg ог dеЬа11аStiпg орегаtiопS, аге deemed to ргеsепt а mаjог
hаZагd to еithег mагiпе геsоuгсеS ог human hеа1th апd, thегеfоге, justifУ 1еss
stгiпgепt геstгiсtiопS оп the quа1itу and quantity of the disсhагgе into the
mагiпе епViгопmепt; and
• Оthег SuЬstапсеS: SuЬstапсеs which haVe Ьееп еVа1uаtеd and found to fall
outside Саtеgогу Х,Y Ог Z Ьесаusе they аге сопsidегеd to ргеsепt по ham
to mагiпе геsоuгсеs, human hеа1th, amenitieS ог оthег 1еgitimаtе uSeS of the
Sea When disсhагgеd into the Sea Hom tank с1еапiпg of dеЬа11аStiпg
орегаtiопS. The disсhагgе of Ьilgе ог Ьа1lаSt wаtег ог оthег геSiduеs ог
miхtuгеS containing theSe SuЬstапсеS аге not suЬjесt to апу геquiгеmепts of
MARPOL Аппех 11.
Аппех 111
Regulations fог the Ргеvепtiоп of Pollution Ьу Нагтful suЬstапсеs Саггiеd Ьу
Sea in Packaged Fогт аге ргеsепtеd in Аппех 111
Application
1. Uп1еSs ехргеsslу ргоVidеd оthегWisе, the геgulаtiопS of this Аппех арр1у to
а11 ShipS саггуiпg hагmml suЬStапсеS in packaged fогm.
1.1 Fог the рuгроSе of this Аппех, "hаmml SuЬStапсеS" аге those suЬstапсеs
Which аге identified aS mагiпе ро11utапts in the Iпtеmаtiопа1 Магitimе
Dапgегоus Goods Code (IМDG Соdе).*
1.2 Fог the pulposeS of this Аппех, "расkаgеd fогm" is defined aS the foms of
containment specified fог hагmml SuЬStапсеs in the IMDG Соdе.
158
2. Such саггiаgе of hаmЫl suЬStапсеS is ргоhiЬitеd, except in ассогdапсе With
the ргоVisiопs of this Аппех.
3. То Suрр1еmепt the ргоVisiопs of this Аmех, the GoVemment of each РаПу
to the ConVention Shа1l issuе, ог cauSe to Ье issuеd, detailed геquiгеmепts оп
расkiпg, mагkiпg, lаЬе11iпg, dосumепtаtiоп, stоWаgе, quantity 1imitаtiопs
and exceptionS fог ргеVепtiпg ог minimizing pollution of the mагiпе
епViгопmепt Ьу hагmЫl suЬstапсеS. *
4. Fог the рuкроSеs of this Аппех, empty packagings which have Ьееп used
ргеviоuslу fог the саггiаgе of hаmЫ1 suЬStапсеs shall thеmsе1VеS Ье tгеаtеd
as hагmПі1 suЬStапсеS uп1еSs adequate ргесаutiопS have Ьееп taken to епSuге
that they contain по геSiduе that is hагmПіl to the mагiпе епviгопmепt.
RegulatiOn 2
packing
PackageS Shall Ье adequate to minimize the hаZагd to the mагiпе
епViгопmепt, having геgагd to thеiг Specific сопtепts.
Rе8ulаtiОп 3
Магkiпg and lаЬеlliпg
1. Packages containing а hаmНl suЬstапсе shаl1 Ье duгаЬ1у mагkеd With the
соггесt technical name (tгаdе nameS а1опе shа11 not Ье usеd) апd, Нгthег,
shall Ье duгаЬlу mагkеd ог 1аЬеllеd to indicate that the suЬstапсе is а mагiпе
роl1utапt. Such identification Shа11 Ье suрр1еmепtеd Whеге роSsiЬ1е Ьу апу
оthег mеапs, fог ехаmрlе, Ьу use of the геlеvапt United Nations пumЬег.
2. Packages containing small quantities of hаmЫl SuЬstапсеs may Ье
exempted Hom the mагkiпg геquiгеmепts. *
Regulation 4
Documentation
1. 1п а11 dOcuments геlаtiпg to the саггiаgе of hаmЫl SuЬstапсеs Ьу Sea Whеге
Such suЬStапсеs аге паmеd, the соггесt technical name of each Such
SuЬstапсе Shаl1 Ье used (tгаdе names а1Опе Shall not Ье usеd) and the
suЬstапсе mгthег identified Ьу the addition of the WОгds "МАRINЕ
роLLUтАNт".
2. The shipping documents supplied Ьу the shiррег shа11 iпс1udе, ог Ье
accompanied Ьу, а Signed сегtifісаtе ог dесlагаtiоп that the shipment оffегеd
fог саггiаgе is ргорег1у packaged and mагkеd ог 1аЬеllеd and in ргорег
condition fог саггiаgе to minimize the hаZагd to the mагiпе епViгопmепt.
3. Each Ship саIтуiпg hаmЫl SuЬstапсеS shа1l haVe а special 1ist ог manifeSt
Setting fогth the hаmЫ1 suЬStапсеS оп Ьоагd and the 1осаtiоп thегеоf. А
detailed Stowage р1ап, Which sets out the 1осаtiоп of the hагmЫ1 SuЬStапсеS
оп Ьоагd, may Ье used in р1асе of such sресiа1 1ist ог mапifеst. Copies of
Such documents shall also Ье геtаiпеd оп Shоге Ьу the оWпег of the Ship ог
his гергеSепtаtivе until the hаmЫl SuЬStапсеS аге uп1оаdеd.
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RegulatiOn 5
Stowage
Нагmml SuЬStапсеs shа11 Ье ргорег1у Stowed and Sесuгеd So aS to minimize
the hаZагds to the mагiпе епViгопmепt without imраiгiпg the Safety of the Ship and
регSопS оп Ьоагd.
RegulatiOn 6
Quantity limitations
Сегtаiп hагmml suЬstапсеS mау, fог sound Scientific and tесhпiса1 геаsопs,
need to Ье ргоhiЬitеd fог саггiаgе ог Ье 1imitеd aS to the quantity which may Ье
саггiеd аЬоагd апу опе shiр. 1п limiting the quапtitу, due сопSidегаtiоп Shа11 Ье
given to sizе, сопstгuсtiоп and equipment of the shiр, as wе11 aS the packaging and
the iпhегепt паtuге of the suЬStапсеS.
Regulation 7
Exceptions
Jettisoning of hаmП1 suЬstапсеs саггiеd in packaged fогm Shаl1 Ье
ргоhiЬitеd, except whеге песеssагу fог the рuгроSе of sесuгiпg the safety of the
ship ог SaVing 1ifе at Sеа.
Аппех IV
Regulations fОг the РгеvепtiОп of Pollution Ьу SeWage fгоm Ships
RegulatiOn 1
Sewage meanS :
1. dгаiпаgе and оthег WaStes fГоm апу fогm of tоilеts, uгiпа1s, and wC sсuррегs;
2. dгаiпаgе Hom mеdiса1 ргеmisеS (disрепsагу, sick Ьау, еtс.) Via WaSh Ьаsiпs,
WaSh tuЬS and Sсuррегs 1осаtеd in such ргеmisеS;
3. dгаiпаgе fГоm spaceS containing living апimа1S; ог
4. оthег WaSte Wаtегs When mixed with the dгаiпаgеS defined аЬоVе.
Аппех V
Regulations fОг the Ргеvепtiоп of PollutiOn Ьу GагЬаgе fгоm Ships
Regulation 1
Gс77`Z7с7gе means а11 kinds of Viсtuа1, domestic and орегаtiопаl Waste
ехс1udiпg Hesh fish and рагts thегеоf, gепегаtеd duгiпg the погmаl орегаtiоп of the
ship and 1iаЬ1е to Ье dispoSed of continuously ог регiоdiса11у except those
SuЬstапсеS Which аге defined ог 1istеd in оthег AmexeS to the ргеsепt СопVепtiоп.
Regulation 3
SuЬjесt to the ргоVisiопS of this Аппех:
1. the disроsа1 into the sea of а11 р1аstiсs, iпс1udiпg Ьut not 1imitеd to synthetic
гореS, synthetic fishing nets and р1аstiс gагЬаgе Ьаgs, is ргоhiЬitеd;
160
2. the disроSа1 into the Sea of the fо11оwiпg gагЬаgе shа1l Ье made as fаг aS
ргасtiсаЬ1е Hom the пеагеSt land Ьut in апу case is ргоhiЬitеd if the distance
Regulation 5
DispoSal of gагЬаgе within Special агеаS is ргоhiЬitеd
The special агеаS аге the Меditеггапеап Sea агеа, the Baltic Sea агеа, the В1асk
Sеа.аЕёа, the Red Sea агеа, the "Gulfs агеа", the Nогth Sea агеа, the Апtагсtiс агеа
and the Widег СагiЬЬеап Rеgiоп, including the Gulf of Mexico and the СагiЬЬеап
Sеа, Which аге defined aS fоllоWs:
Disposal into the sea of the fо1lоWiпg is ргоhiЬitеd:
1. а11 р1аstiсS, including Ьut not limited to Synthetic гореS, Synthetic fishing
nets and plaStic gагЬаgе Ьаgs; and
2. а11 оthег gагЬаgе, including рарег ргоduсts, гаgs, g1аss, mеtаl, ЬоttlеS,
сгосkегу, duппаgе, lining and packing mаtегiаls;
i. except as ргоVidеd in SuЬрагаgгарh (с) of this рагаgгарh, disроSа1 into the
sea of food WasteS shа1l Ье made as fаг aS ргасtiсаЬlе Hom lапd, Ьut in апу
case not lesS than 12 паutiса1 mileS Hom the пеагеSt lапd;
ii. dispoSal into the Widег СагiЬЬеап Region of food WaSteS which haVe Ьееп
paSSed thгоugh а соmmiпutег ог gгiпdег Shall Ье made aS fаг aS ргасtiсаЬlе
Hom lапd, Ьut in апу caSe not SuЬjесt to геgulаtiоп 4 not less than 3
паutiса1 miles Hom the пеагеSt lапd. Such comminuted ог gгоuпd food
WaStes shall Ье сараЬ1е of passing thгоugh а sсгееп With openings по
gгеаtег than 25 millimеtгеs.
iii. When the gагЬаgе is mixed with оthег disсhагgеS haVing diffегепt disроSа1
ог disсhагgе геquiгеmепts the mоге stгiпgепt геquiгеmепts Shа11 арр1у.
The GoVemment of each Рагtу to the СопVепtiоп, the coaStline of which
ЬогdегS а sресiа1 агеа, uпdегtаkеS to епsuге that as Soon aS роSsiЬ1е in а11 рогts
Within а Sресiа1 агеа adequate гесерtiоп facilities аге ргоVidеd, taking into account
the Sресiа1 needs of ShipS орегаtiпg in theSe агеаs.
Rе8ulаtiоп 6
Exceptions
RegulationS 3, 4 and 5 of this Аппех Shа11 not арр1у tо:
161
1. the disроSа1 of gагЬаgе Hom а ship песеSSагу fог the рuцэоSе of sесuгiпg the
Safety of а Ship and thoSe оп Ьоагd ог SaVing life at sеа; ог
2. the eScape of gагЬаgе геSultiпg Hom damage to а ship ог its equipment
ргоVidеd а11 геаSопаЬlе ргесаutiопS haVe Ьееп taken Ьеfоге and аftег the
оссuггепсе of the dаmаgе, fог the рuгроSе of ргеVепtiпg ог minimizing the
еsсаре; ог
3. the accidental loSs of synthetic fishing пеts, ргоVidеd that а11 геаSопаЬ1е
ргесаutiопs haVe Ьееп taken to ргеVепt Such lоss.
Аппех VI
RegulatiOns fог the ргеvепtiоп of аiг pollution fгот ships
Макро1 Аппех VI RegulationS fог the ргеVепtiоп of Аiг РО1lutiоп Hom Ship
епtегеd into fогсе оп 19 Мау 2005, and iпс1udе many neW aSpects ге1аtеd to deSign
of shiрs, Ьut eVen mоге ге1аtеd to орегаtiопаl issuеS.
ShipS of 400 gгоss tons & аЬоvе engaged in intemational VoyageS inVolving
соuпtгiеS that haVe гаtifіеd the сопVепtiопS, ог shipS Пуiпg the Hag of thoSe
соuпtгiеs, аге геquiгеd to haVe ап Intemational Аiг Pollution РгеVепtiоп Сегtifiсаtе
(1АРР Сегtifiсаtе). This сегtifісаtе must Ье оп Ьоагd at dе1ivегу fог а Ship
сопstгuсtеd аRег 19 Мау, 2005.
Аппех VI геquiгеS that еVегу Ship of 400 gгоSs tonnage ог аЬоvе shа1l Ье
suЬjесt to the fо1lоwiпg SuгVеуs:
• ап iпitiа1 suгvеу Ьеfоге the ship is put into sегviсе the fігst timе.
• Регiоdiса1 suгvеуS at iпtегVа1s specified Ьу the Аdmiпistгаtiоп, Ьut not
exceeding 5 уеагs.
• А minimum of the intemediate SuгVеу duгiпg the регiоd of Validity of the
сегtifісаtе.
1п the case of ships of less than 400 gгоsS tопs, the Аdmiпistгаtiоп may
еstаЬ1ish арргоргiаtе mеаsuгеs in огdег to епSuге that Аппех VI is complied With.
Regulation 12
Аппех VI ргоhiЬits апу dеliЬегаtе emissions of ozone -dер1еtiпg SuЬStапсеS.
RegulatiOn 13сопсеms Nox (Nitгоgеп Охidеs) - emission fгоm dieSel engines and
Shа11 арр1у to each diеsе1 engine With а роWег оuфut of mоге than 130 КW.
Regulation 14 deals With Sulрhuг Oxides (Sох). The Sulрhuг OxideS emissions
fгоm Ships Will Ье сопtгоl1еd Ьу Setting а 1imit of 4,5% of the Sulрhuг content of
mагiпе Ые1 оils.
162
Regulation 16 ге1аtеS to ShiрЬоагd Iпсiпегаtiоп.
ОпЬоагd iпсiпегаtiоп outside the iпсiпегаtог except that seWage sludge & sludge
oil Hom oil sерагаtогS may Ье iпсiпегаtеd in аuхiliагу роwег р1апts and Ьоilегs
When the ship is not in рогts hагЬоuгS and еStuагiеS.
1. If the рогts fail to ргоvidе the гесерtiоп fасilitiеS, the captains of shipS аге at
1iЬегtу to dispoSe of the WaSteS in апу Way they likе.
2. The МаStег of the ship iпVо1Vеd in ап accident shа1l герогt the рагtiсulагS of the
hагmml suЬstапсеs Without delay to the пеагеSt соаStа1 Stаtе.
3. SuЬjесt to the ргоVisiопS of геgulаtiопS of Аппех I апу disсhагgе into the sea of
oil ог oily miхtuгеs Hom ShipS is Stгiсtlу ргоhiЬitеd Without апу ехсерtiопS.
4. Iпitiаl, регiоdiса1 and iпtегmеdiаtе SuгVеуS should епsuге that the equipment
and associated pump System Пі11у comply with the аррliсаЬ1е геquiгеmепts of
Amex 1.
5. ShiрЬоагd oil ро11utiоп еmегgепсу р1ап should Ье саггiеd Ьу а11 tапkегS and
Should contain the ргосеduгеS to Ье fо11оwеd Ьу the МаStег in case of ап oil
роl1utiоп iпсidепt.
6. А11 the орегаtiопS аЬоагd the ship should Ье гесогdеd in the Сагgо Rесогd Book
and each епtгу should Ье signed Ьу the Маstег.
7. Саtеgогу "х" of the noxious suЬStапсеS is сопSidегеd to Ье the leaSt hагmml of
а11 the SuЬStапсеs.
8. Packages containing а hаmЫ1 SuЬStапсе Shа11 Ье mагkеd with the соггесt
technical name and а distinctive 1аЬе1 indicating that the contents аге hагmml.
9. Sewage Which is not disinfected Shоuldп't Ье disсhагgеd Hom Ships uпdег апу
сiгсumstапсеs.
10. MARPOL А.ппех VI StipulateS 1МО геquiгеmепts fог ргеVепtiпg Аiг Ро11utiоп
Hom ships and it епtегеd into fогсе in 2005.
163
Unit 11. AVERAGE сLАIмS
Lесtuге lavout
Lеагпiпg оЬiесtivеS:
1. to get students аWаге of the геаsопs fог с1аims Statement and роSsiЬ1е Ways of
thеiг settlement in mагiпе ргасtiсе;
2. to епаЬ1е students to diffегепtiаtе Ьеtwееп gепега1 and рагtiсulаг аVегаgе;
3. to fаmiliагizе Students with Salvage аgгееmепt and mагiпе `mога1 соdе' in case
of со11isiоп.
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
167
to сгоSS-ехаmiпе осуществлять перекрестный допрос
suit процесс, тяжба
соuгt суд
judgment решение суда, приговор
to ьlаmе винить, обвинять
If the damage is iпsigпifісапt, and it is аЬSо1utе1у с1еаг Which of the two ShipS
is guiltу, the mаStегs of Ьоth shipS may come to ап аmiсаЬ1е settlement uпdег
Which the guilty рагtу makes the гераiгS and compensateS the 1оss. The рагtiеs
uSuа11у come to mutuа1 аgгееmепt thгоugh exchange of lеttегs ог Ьу регsопа1
сопtасt.
168
When the рагtiеS cannot come to conSent оп Some quеStiопs, they геfег thеiг
dispute to the decision ("аwагd") of ап агЬitгаtог. АгЬitгаtiоп is а method of
Settling соmmегсiа1 disputes without haVing to геsогt to 1аW.
1п оthег саsеs, when the рагtiеS do not See апу Way to аgгееmепt, they go to
1аW and the соuгt decision puts ап end to thеiг disрutе.
Whеп, aS а геsult of ап ассidепt, а ship has sustained ог cauSed Some mаtегiаl
dаmаgе, а guilty рагtу is hо1d геSропSiЬ1е fог the dаmаgе. А VеSsе1 ог hег оwпегS
may Ье Sued fог damageS due to fault in соl1isiоп.
If it'S not eVident Which of the vеsSе1s is guilty of collision ог the damage is
too gгеаt, the case is Ьгоught Ьеfоге the соuгt. The соuгt iпquiгеS into the shiр'S 1оg
Ьооk, соl1есts еVidепсе, са11S in the witпеssеs, hеагS, examines and сгоSS-ехаmiпеS
thеm, and paSSes а dесisiоп.
When the suit аЬоut со11isiоп has Ьееп dеlivегеd fог соuгt judgmепt, the соuгt
Sets the fault in со11isiоп and paSSeS а decision aS to the гесоVегу of dаmаgеS.
If Ьоth VeSSels аге guiltу, each VеSSе1 Will Ье hе1d 1iаЬ1е fог the damage in
ргорогtiоп to dеgгее of hег fаult. 1п caSe а VеsSе1 has Ьееп damaged оп1у thгоugh
the fault of апоthег VеSSе1, hег оWпег has а гight to с1аim а1l mопеtагу damages
Hom the guilty рагtу.
If попе of the рагtiеs is guilty of а со11isiоп, each рагtу ЬеагS its oWn 1оSS.
3. The captains of Ьоth shipS may come to ап аmiсаЬlе Settlement in case if the fault
is аЬsо1utе1у eVident and the damage is iпsigпifісапt.
4. If Ьоth VеsSе1S аге to Ь1аmе each VеsSе1 Will Ье hе1d 1iаЬ1е fог the damage in
ргорогtiоп to dеgгее of hег fаult.
5. If а со11isiоп оссuгS Without пеg1igепсе ог fault оп the рагt of еithег Vеssеl,
expenseS аге iпсuггеd in еquа1 ргорогtiоп.
169
11.2. CLAIMS ON ACCIDENTS AND СОLLISIОNS.
GЕNЕвАL АVЕRАGЕ. рАRтIсULАR AVERAGE
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
П. Reading activitieS
1п mагiпе iпsuгапсе the tегm "аVегаgе" means а 1оSS. Тhеге аге two kinds of
аvегаgе: ``gепега1 аVегаgе" and "рагtiсulаг аVегаgе".
172
The ргiпсiрlе of gепега1 аVегаgе сап Ье dеSсгiЬеd in the fо11оWiпg Wау:
"Тhеге is а gепега1 аVегаgе асt, whеге апу ехtгаогdiпагу sасгifісе ог ехрепdituге is
vо1uпtагilу and геаSопаЬ1у made ог iпсuггеd in time of регil fог the pulpoSe of
ргеsегViпg the ргорегtу imрегilеd in the common аdvепtuге." Тhus, uпdег gепега1
аVегаgе the 1оSS is Ьоmе Ьу а11 рагtiеs concemed in the аdvепtuге and in diгесt
ргорогtiоп to thеiг SеVегаl iпtегеSts. The 1оSS is divided among the shiррегS, the
гесеivегs and the shiроWпегs ргорогtiопаl to the Vа1uеs of gооds, ship and Неight.
The tегm "1оsS" in this instance dегivеs HOm а vо1uпtагу and dе1iЬегаtе sасгifісе of
опе ог mоге of the рагtiеs' goods With VieW to saVing the геmаiпdег of the ргорегtу
such аS, fог ехаmр1е:
slipping саЬ1еS and апсhогs to aVoid апу арргоасhiпg регil;
гuппiпg the Ship аshоге fог the ргеsегvаtiоп of еithег the Ship ог сагgо;
jettisoning сагgо in огdег to 1ightеп the VеSSе1, ог tO ргеVепt fiге Hom Sргеаdiпg;
and many оthег саSеS.
Gепега1 аVегаgеis Settled in ассогdапсе with the Yогk-Апtwегр RulеS. 1п
case of gепега1 аVегаgе а ShiрmаStег ог ShiроWпегS appoint ап аVегаgе аdjustег
Who ргерагеS ап аVегаgе statement and dгаWs up and settles а11 claims fа11iпg
uпdег gепега1 аVегаgе. А ShiрmаStег is а1Sо оЬ1igеd, Ьеfоге dе1ivегiпg the сагgо, to
inSist оп the conSignees Signing аVегаgе Ьопds.
Ехаmр1еs:
1. When the Vеssе1 is аgгоuпd in а position of регil, and in огdег to геПоаt hег:
(а) Tugs аге епgаgеd.
(Ь) The shiр's mасhiпегу is uSеd.
(с) Рагt of the сагgо is disсhагgеd into 1ightегS, апd/ог is jеttisопеd.
(d) Аftег the Ship has Ьееп геПоаtеd, апу disсhагgеd сагgо is геlоаdеd.
А11 ехрепdituге and damage агisiпg out of опе ог mоге of theSe орегаtiопs is
gепега1 аVегаgе.
2. When fіге Ьгеаks out оп Ьоагd the Shiр, and in огdег to extinguish it:
(а) Wаtег is роuгеd оп ог сhеmiса1S аге арр1iеd.
(Ь) Но1еs аге cut in the shiр's stгuсtuге fог this рulроsе.
(с) Сагgо is disсhагgеd апd/ог jettisoned to get at the Seat of the fiге.
(d)Vагiоus агtiс1еs of shiр'S equipment аге 1оSt ог damaged in these орегаtiопs.
А11 ехрепdituге and damage агisiпg out of опе ог mоге of theSe орегаtiопS,
including loSS of and damage to сагgо оп Ьоагd Ьу the Wаtег роuгеd оп, is gепега1
аVега8е.
173
(Ь) The сагgо is disсhагgеd to епаЬ1е гераiгs to Ье effected to the vеsSе1.
(с)Тhе сагgо is ге1оаdеd оп completion of those гераiгS.
А11 ехрепdituгеs iпсuггеd as а diгесt геsult of опе ог mоге of theSe орегаtiопs аге
gепега1 аVегаgе; а1sо the Wages and maintenance of сгеw iпсuггеd and mel and
stогеs consumed duгiпg the ргоlопgаtiоп of the Voyage апd/ог ехtга detention of
the ship Ьгоught аЬоut aS а геSult.
The shiроWпег ог the аVегаgе аdjustег Will advise the fom of sесuгitу to Ье
оЬtаiпеd fгоm the гесеivегs of сагgо. It will uSuа11у take the fomi оf:
(i) А cash dероSit, calculated at so much регсепtаgе upon the Value of the
gооds' Ог
(ii) Ап uпdегwгitегS' guагапtее, ог
Рагtiсulаг Аvегаgе.
174
Unit 12. coLREGS
Lесtuге lаvout:
Lеагпiпg оЬiесtivеS:
1. to suit ап active паVigаtог оп Ьоагd ап engine -dгivеп VеSsе1 оVег 50 mеtегs;
П. to imргоVе and teSt the knoWledge of the "Rulеs of the гоаd". The 1ауоut and its
content is made ``Stгаight fогWагd" оп рuгроsе and is of соuгSе соl1есtеd fГоm the
Intemational RegulationS fог РгеVепtiпg CollisionS at Sеа.
1. Рге-геаdiпg tasks
Ехегсisе 1.Studу the folloWing Wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопs:
tогсh фонарь
diamond Shape ромбовидной формы
to push толкать
compoSite unit сложный (состоящий из нескольких
компонентов) объект
рагtlу suЬmегgеd частично по1руженный, затопленный
ехtгеmitу оконечность
to Ье engaged in быть занять1м в
to епsuге обеспечивать, гарантировать
гigid гер1iса точная копия, модель
177
арех вершина, верхняя точка
ьаskеt корзина, сигнальная фигура в виде корзины
to оь1igе обязывать
distinct различный, четкий
stгоkе удар, размах
гарidlу быстро, стремительно
intention намерение
арргоVаl одобрение
to Show dоuьt демонстрировать сомнения
eStimate оценка
аVаilаЬ1е meanS средства, имеющиеся в наличие
to impede the pasSage препятствовать переходу судна
"аttасk апg1е"
угол атаки
sерагаtiоп Zone зона разделения движения
mагgiп край, кромка
maintenance Wогk работа по обслуживанию
hеаd-оп Situation ситуация сближения
assumption предположение
to assume предполагать
to give way уступать дорогу
stапd-оп Vеssе1 судно, которому уступают дорогу
to Ье сопStгаiпеd Ьу the быть стесненным своей осадкой
dгаught
Sеар1апе гидросамолет
to keep Wе11 с1еаг of vеsSе1s держаться в стороне от судов
to adjust speed отрегулировать скорость
аьеаm на траверзе
178
uпсегtаіпtу неопределенность
to fіге ап exploSive Sigпа1 подать сигнал взрыва
Shе1l обшивка
to геSеmЬ1е напоминать
tаг Ьагге1 бочка со смолой, де1тем
to give off smoke испускать дым
to оutstгеtсh протягивать, вь1тягивать
mапdаtогу обязательный
to tгапsmit передавать
heading курс
to sustain damage потерпеть повреждение
temination of the 1апе окончание полосы движения
in аmр1е time заблаговременно
гесiргосаl (соuгSе) пересекающийся (курс)
due геgагd to должное внимание
оЬsегVапсе of good соблюдение хорошей морской практики
SeamanShip
to арр1у to применять
to оь1igе обязывать
cauSative (оf the соllisiоп) причинивший столкновение
Ьuгdепеd VеSSе1 ограниченное в своем движении судно
арргаisаl of the Situation оценка ситуации
unidentifiedveSSel неопознанное судно
to Ье геаdilу аррагепt tо. . . быть явно очевидным
SucceSsion of small последовательность малых изменений
а1tегаtiопS
GепегаI Iпfогmаtiоп
Lеагпiпg ОЫесtivеs:
1. to fаmiliагizе cadets With the gепега1 deHnitions of diffегепt typeS of the
vеSSе1s;
П. to mаStег neW vосаЬulагу арр1iсаЬlе tO Соlгеgs;
Ш. to 1еаm and analyZe compoSite gгаmmаг Stгuсtuгеs, 1ikе соmр1ех рагtiсiр1е,
infinitive сопStгuсtiопs, SuЬогdiпаtе сlаuSеS.
1. Рге-геаdiпg tasks
Ехегсisе 1.ShоW уоuг competence of the fоl1оWiпg роsitiОпS:
RеsDопsiьilitv
Nothing in theSe гulеS shа11 iпtегfеге With the орегаtiоп of Special гulеs made
Ьу ап арргоргiаtе аuthогitу.
Nothing in theSe гulеS сап ге1еаsе апу VеSSе1, оWпег, mаStег ог сгеw Hom
the геSропSiЬilitу to comply and fо11оW theSe гulеs.
The оп1у situation when theSe гulеS сап Ье deViated Hom is When aVoiding ап
immediate dапgег.
Vessel
п РоWег-dгivеп Vessel
п Sailing VеSsе1
п Vеssе1 engaged in HShing
п Sеар1апе
п VеSSе1 not uпdег command
п VеSSе1 геstгiсtеd in hег аЬilitу to mапоеuVге
п VeSSel сопStгаiпеd Ьу hег dгаught
п Vessel uпdегWау
п Length and Ьгеаdth
п То Ье in Sight of опе апоthег
п RеStгiсtеd Vis.iЬilitу
180
The wогd Vessel includes еvегу dеSсгiрtiоп of WаtегсгаR "iпсludiпg поп-
disр1асеmепt сгаft" and Sеар1апеs, used ог сараЬ1е of Ьеiпg used as а means of
tгапSрогtаtiоп оп Wаtег.
The tегm DoWег-dгivеп veSSel means апу VeSsel ргореllеd Ьу mасhiпегу.
The tегm-sаiliш VеSsе1 means апу Vessel uпdег sail ргоVidеd that ргоре11iпg
mасhiпегу, if Нttеd, is not Ьеiпg usеd.
The tегm VеSSе1 engaged in НShiш With пеts, 1iпеs, tгаWls ог оthег HShing
аррагаtus Which геStгiсt m-апоеuVгаЬilitу, Ьut doeS not include а vеssе1 Hshing With
tго11iпg 1iпеs ог оthег fiShing аррагаtus Which does not геStгiсt mапоеuVгаЬilitу.
The Wогd sеаD1апе includeS апу аiгсгаR deSigned to mапоеuVге оп the Wаtег.
The tem Vessel not uпdег command meanS а Vеssеl, Which thгоugh Some
ехсерtiопа1 сiгсumstапсе is uпаЬ1е to mапоеuvге as геquiгеd Ьу theSe Rules and is
thегеfоге uпаЬ1е to keep out of the Way of апоthег vеsSе1.
The temi VеSsе1 геstгiсtеd in hег аЬilitу to mапоеuт[± means а vеssе1 which
Hom the паtuге of hег Wогk is геStгiсtеd in hег аЬilitу to mапоеuVге as геquiгеd Ьу
theSe Rules and is thегеfоге uпаЬlе to keep out of the Way of апоthег Vеssе1.
The tегm vessel сопstгаiпеd Ьу hег dгаugh± meanS а роWег-dгivеп Vеssе1 Which
Ьесаusе of hег dгаught in ге1аtiоп to hег аvаilаЬ1е depth and width of паVigаЬ1е
Wаtег is SеVеге1у геStгiсtеd in hег аЬilitу to deViate Hom the соuгSе she is
follоwiпg.
The Wогd uпdегWаV means that а VesSel is not at апсhог, ог made faSt to the
shоге, ог аgгоuпd.
The wогds 1епgth and Ьгеаdth of а VеSsе1 mean hег 1епgth оVега11 and gгеаtеst
ьгеаdth.
VеSSе1 shа11 Ье deemed to Ье in sight оп опе апоthег оп1у When опе сап Ье
оЬsегvеd Visuа11у Hom the оthег.
The tегm геStгiсtеd VisiЬilitv means апу condition in which VisiЬilitу is
геstгiсtеd Ьу fоg, mist, fа1liпg Sпоw, heavy гаiпstогms, Sапdstогms ог апу оthег
Similаг саuSеS.
Lеагпiпg ОЬiесtivеs:
1. to get acquainted With the diffегепt lights, shapeS and Sound Sigпа1s;
П. to mаStег new vосаЬulагу арр1iсаЬ1е to Соlгеgs.
1. Рге-геаdiпg tasks
Ехегсisе 1. ShoW уоuг competence of the folloWing роsitiопs:
1. Сап you give definitionS of mаsthеаd, паVigаtiоп, towing and signal 1ights?
2. Which sigпа1S аге Shown Ьу the mоtог-dгivеп Vеssе1S With а length оVег 50m.
Фtw 12&50m, 7&12m, uпdег 7m & speed 7 kts)?
3. Which 1ights аге ехhiЬitеd Hom sailing vеssе1s at пight, in dауtimе, in геstгiсtеd
Visiьilitу?
181
4. Which 1ights аге ехhiЬitеd fГоm а Vessel not uпdег соmmапd. At пight, in
daytime in геStгiсtеd VisiЬilitу?
5. Which lights аге ShoWn fгоm а VeSSel геStгiсtеd in hег аЬilitу to mапоеuvге? At
пight, in dауtimе, in геStгiсtеd VisiЬilitу, сопstгаiпеd Ьу hег dгаught, towing а toW
оVег 200m?
Gепегаl AppIications and DеfіпitiОпS
Lights at night
2 Lasthead 1ights, Sidе1ights and stem
light.
Rеstгiсtеd visiьilitv
When making Speed thгоugh the
Wаtег:
1 1опg Signal at iпtегVа1S of mоге than
2 miпutеs.
When not making speed thгоugh
the Wаtег:
2 1опg Sigпа1S at iпtегVаls of not mоге
than 2 miпutеS.
182
МОtог-dгivеп VeSSels With а Length Ьеtwееп 12 and 50 m
Limts at niht
VеSSе1S uпdег 50 mеtгеs аге not геquеStеd to
have 2 masthead lights.
Lights at night
m-еSе VеSsе-ls may just haVe ап а1l-гоuпd White
and Sidеlights.
Lights at пiфht #
"-еsе vеSsёls may ехhiЬit ап а1l-гоuпd white
light, Ьut сап also show sidelights if роSsiЬ1е.
183
Sailing VeSSel uпdег 7 mеtгеs and VeSsel uпdег ОагS
Lights at night
Тh-еsе Ьоаts must Ье equipped with ап е1есtгiс
tОгсh ог апоthег sоuгсе of 1ight, геаdу to Ье uSed
in caSe of со11isiоп.
Sailing VeSSels
Sidеlights-
Sailing Vessel uпdег Way сап ехhiЬit in
аdditiоп, 2 Sigпа1 1ights: 1 геd оVег 1 gгееп, at ог
пеаг the top of the mаSt.
Sailing vesSel uпdег 20 mеtгеS сап соmЬiпе
the side 1ights in опе 1апtеm, placed at ог пеаг the
top of the mаst.
If mоtОгiпg, it must ехhiЬit а maSthead
light.
DaVtime Siшаls
If the Sail is hoisted and mоtогiпg, it must ехhiЬit а сопе with ап арех dоWп.
RеStгiсtеd VisiЬilitv
11опg + 2 Shогt sound sigпа1S, at iпtегVаls of not mоге than 2 minutes
Lihts at nimt
The VеSsе1 Shа11 haVe 2 Vегtiса1 геd Signal
1ights.
When making Speed thгоugh wаtег, it Shа11
а1Sо haVe naVigation 1ights.
DaVtime Simа1s
The VeSsel Shа11 have 2 Ьаlls in а vегtiса1 line
Whеге they сап Ьеst Ье Sееп.
RеStгiсtеd visiЬilitv
11опg fо1lоWеd Ьу 2 shогt sound sigпа1S at iпtегVаl of not mоге than 2 miпutеs.
184
VeSsel RеStгiсtеd in hег АЬilitу to МапоеuVге, Ьut not Mine Сlеагiпg
Lights at night
The VеS;е1 Shа11 haVe 1 геd, 1 White and 1
геd Signal 1ight in а Vегtiса1 1iпе.
When making speed thгоugh Wаtег, it Shа11
а1sо haVe naVigation 1ights.
DaVtime Simals
1 Ьа11, 1 diamond Shape and 1 Ьа11 in а
Vегtiса1 line whеге they сап Ьеst Ье sееп.
RеStгiсtеd VisiЬilitу
1 1опg fо11оWеd Ьу 2 shогt Sound Sigпа1S at iпtегVа1s of not mоге than 2
miпutеs.
Lihts at night
The Vеssе1 Shа11 haVe 3 геd Sigпа1 lights in
а Vегtiса1 1iпе.
When making Speed thгоu8h Wаtег, it shа11
а1Sо haVe naVigation lights.
DaVtime simа1s
1 су1iпdег Whеге it сап ЬеSt Ье Sееп.
RеStгiсtеd VisiЬilitу
1 1опg fо1lоwеd Ьу 2 Shогt Sound Sigпа1s at
iпtегVа1S of not mоге than 2 miпutеs.
Limts at nimt
The Vеs;е1 Shall haVe а white Sigпа1 1ight
оVег а геd.
If the Vеssе1 is making Speed thгоugh the
Wаtег, Sidе1ights and а stem 1ight.
Daytime sigпа1S: the "рilоt Паg".
RеStгiсtеd visiьilitу
1 1опg Signal fо11оWеd Ьу 4 shогt sigпа1s, at
iпtегVа1s of not mоге than 2 miпutеs.
Note than а pilot vеssе1 not оп duty must
act and Signal as ап огdiпагу mоtог-dгivеп vеSSе1.
185
АпсhОгеd ог Аgгоuпd Vessel With а Length leSS than 12 m
Lights at night
The Vеssе1 Shа11 haVe 1 а11-гоuпd White
light
DaVtime sigпа1S: 1 Ьа11.
VeSSels Which аге Shогtег than 7 mеtгеS
аге not оЬ1igеd to show апу 1ight if they haVe
апсhогеd Нее Hom а fаiгwау, паггоw сhаппе1
ог апсhогаgе.
Gгоuпdеd VеSSе1S With а 1епgth less than
12 mеtгеS, аге not оЬligеd to Show апу 1ights,
shapeS ог to give апу sound signals
Lights at nimt
The Vеs-Sеl shа11 haVe 1 а11-гоuпd White
light.
А gгоuпdеd vеSSе1 Shаl1 ехhiЬit in аdditiоп:
The ``поt uпdег соmmапd" 2 геd Signal
1ights
DaVtime Sigпа1S: 1 Ьа11.
А gгоuпdеd VesSel shаl1 ехhiЬit:
3 Ьа11s in а Vегtiса1 1iпе
RеStгiсtеd visiьilitv
And еVегу minute fог а регiоd of 5
Sесопds, the Ье11 must Ье гuпg гарidlу Hom the fогерагt of the VеSsе1.
Gгоuпdеd Vеssе1 shа11 givе:
3 sерагаtе and distinct StгоkеS оп the Ье11 immеdiаtе1у Ьеfоге and аftег the гарid
гiпgiпg of the Ье11.
Lights at nimt
1 а1l-гоuпd геd light at the Stem and а 1оwег
1еVе1 than the аЬоVе:
1 а11-гоuпd White 1ight.
Gгоuпdеd VеsSе1 shа11 ехhiЬit in аdditiоп:
The "поt uпdег соmmапd" 2 геd signal
1ights
Р±Vtimе sigпа1S: 1 Ьа11.
А gгоuпdеd VеSsе1 Shа11 ехhiЬit in аdditiоп:
3 Ьа11S in а Vегtiсаl 1iпе
186
Rеstгiсtеd VisiЬilitv
ЕVегу minute fог а регiоd of 5 Sесопds, the Ье11 must Ье гuпg гарidlу Hom the
fогерагt of the VеSSеl. А gгоuпdеd VеSSе1 Shа11 Sound in аdditiоп:
3 sерагаtе and distinct Stгоkеs оп the Ье11 immеdiаtе1у Ьеfоге and аftег the
гарid гiпgiпg of the Ье11.
Lights at night
1 аl1-гоuпd геd 1ight
at the stem and а 1оWег 1еVе1 than the аЬоVе:
1 а1l-гоuпd white 1ight
and а11 аVаilаЬ1е deck 1ights.
Gгоuпdеd VesSel Shа11 ехhiЬit in аdditiоп:
The ``поt uпdег соmmапd" 2 геd Sigпа1
1ights.
DaVtime Siglіа1S: 1 Ьа11.
А gгоdпdеd VеsSе1 Shаl1 ехhiЬit in
аdditiоп:
3 Ьа11S in а Vегtiса1 liпе.
RеStгiсtеd Visiьilitv
ЕVегу minute fог а регiоd of 5 sесопds, the Ье11 must Ье гuпg гарidlу Hom the
fогерагt of the VеsSе1.
А gгоuпdеd VеSSе1 Shа11 sound in аdditiОп:
3 Sерагаtе and distinct stгоkеS оп the Ье11 immеdiаtе1у Ьеfоге and аftег the гарid
гiпgiпg of the Ье11.
187
Wагпiпg Signals fОг VesSels in Sight of each оthег
188
12.3. VESSELS IN ANY VISIвILIтY
Lеагпiпg ОЬiесtivеS:
The 1еаmiпg оЬjесtivе of this сhарtег is to make the student аwаге thаt:
А11 VеSSе1S must keep а ргорег lооkоut, depending оп the сiгсumstапсеs and
conditionS that dеtегmiпе the situation and the гisk of соl1isiоп, to mаstег neW
VосаЬulагу арр1iсаЬ1е to Со1геgs, to leam and analyZe composite Stгuсtuгеs, like
соmр1ех рагtiсiр1е, inHnitive сопstгuсtiопS, suЬогdiпаtе сlаusеS.
I.Рге-геаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1.АпsWег the quеstiопs:
1 . What fасtогS must Ье сопsidегеd when Setting the safe sрееd?
2. What сhагасtегistiсs of орегаtiопа1 гаdаг аге taken into account While
ргосееdiпg at Safe Sрееd?
3. Vvhen should а гisk of со1lisiоп Ье сопSidегеd?
4. WГhаt аге the moSt effective actions to aVoid со1lisiОп?
5. What аге гесоmmепdаtiопS fог VeSSels (1еSS than 20 mеtгеs, sаiliпg, fishiпg)
in а паггоw сhаппе1?
6. What аге the gепега1 геgulаtiопS fог naVigating in а tгаfНс sерагаtiоп 1апе?
7. Is апсhогiпg in tгаfГіс Sерагаtiоп scheme гесоmmепdеd?
/
#
/
- the роssiЬilitу that а smа11 tагgеt may not Ье
dеtесtеd;
- the amount of VesSels and thеiг mоVеmепts;
• the роSsiЬilitу of mоге exact visiЬilitу
еStimаtе.
®/,
189
Risk of collisiOn
ЕVегу vеSSе1 must use а11 аVаilаЬ1е meanS to detemine if thеге is а гisk of
соl1isiоп, this а1Sо iпс1udеS гаdаг.
This must Ье done in advance and aSsumptions Shall not Ье made оп
inSufficient iпfогmаtiоп.
А гisk of со11isiоп Should Ье сопsidегеd if the Ьеагiпg to the оthег Vеssе1 is
not сhапgiпg.
If the оthег VеSSе1 is с1оSе, and of а 1агgе sizе, the гisk of соl1isiоп may still
Ье ргеSепt, а1thоugh the Ьеагiпg is сhапgiпg.
NаггоW Channels
1п а паггоw сhаппе1, keep as cloSe aS роSsiЬ1е to stагЬоагd.
Vеssе1S 1еsS than 20 mеtгеS and sailing VеSSе1S shа11 not impede the passage
of 1агgег Vеssе1s.
А VеsSе1 engaged in fishing shа11 not impede апоthег VеsSе1 naVigating in а
паггоW сhаппе1.
А Vеssе1 сгоSsiпg а паггоW сhаппе1 shаl1 not impede апоthег VеSSе1
naVigating in the сhаmе1.
See Section 2 "Lights, ShapeS and sound sigпаls" fог арргоргiаtе sigпа1s to
Ье given in а паггоW сhаппе1.
NaVigate With caution When арргоасhiпg Such а Ьепd of which the агеа
Ьеhiпd it is оЬSсuгеd.
AVoid апсhогiпg in а паггоW сhаппе1.
190
If сгоSsiпg а tгаffіс 1апе is uпаVоidаЬ1е,
the сгоssiпg shаl1 Ье done at ап апg1е aS с1оSе
aS роSsiЬ1е to 90 dеgгееs to the 1апе.
VеsSе1S With а length оVег 20 mеtгеS аге
гесоmmепdеd to uSe аVаilаЬ1е tгаffіс 1апеS
inStead of iпshоге tгаffіс ZопеS, Ьut vеSSе1S
uпdег 20 mеtгеs of length and Sailing VеSSе1S
may in а11 сiгсumstапсеs uSe the iпshоге tгаffіс
Zопеs.
Епtегiпg the Sерагаtiоп Zone is оп1у
а11оWеd When сгоssiпg, joining ог 1еаViпg the
1апе, in caSe of еmегgепсу ог When fishing
inSide the Zone is iпtепdеd.
Leaming ОЬiесtivеs:
1. the "гulе of the гоаd" when two Vessels аге paSsing each оthег;
П. the геSропsiЬilitiеs Ьеtwееп these VеSsеls;
Ш. the conduct of vеSsе1s in геStгiсtеd VisiЬilitу; to mаStег neW VосаЬulагу
арр1iсаЬ1е tO Соlгеgs, to leam and analyZe composite Stгuсtuгеs, like соmр1ех
рагtiсiрlе, infinitive сопStгuсtiопS, SuЬогdiпаtе с1аusеs.
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1. ShoW уоuг competence of the following роsitiопS:
Неаd-Оп SituatiOn
1п case of hеаd-оп Situation Ьеtwееп two роwег-
dгivеп VеSSеls, Ьоth Shа1l а1tег соuгSе to StагЬоагd, and if
thеге is dоuЬt аЬоut the Situаtiоп, it Shа11 Ье assumed that
it is а hеаd-оп.
СГОSsiП8 SituаtiОП
1п caSe of а сгоssiпg situation Ьеtwееп two роWег-
dгivеп Vеssе1S, the опе that has the оthег оп its stагЬоагd
side shа11 give Way and aVoid сгоSsiпg ahead of hег.
192
RеsропSiЬilitiеS Ьеtwееп VeSSels
Distгеss Si8паls
• А госkеt рагасhutе Паге ог а hand Паге • А Smoke Sigпа1 giving off огапgе-
shoWing а геd 1ight. со1оuгеd
Smоkе.
194
IпtегпаtiОпаI COde of Signals
2. А11 Vessels must keep а ргорег lооkоut, depending _ the сiгсumstапсеS and
conditionS that dеtегmiпе the situatiOn and the гisk of соl1isiоп.
а)аt
ь)оп
с)оf
d) fгоm
4. Vеssе1s leSs than 20 mеtгеS and sailing vеSSе1s not impede апоthег Vеssе1
naVigating in а паггоW сhаппеl.
а) should
195
Unit 13. SALVAGE OPERATIONS
Lесtuге Iavout
Lеагпiпg ОЫесtivеs:
1. to fаmiliагizе 1еаmегS with aSpects of the thеmе: соmmuпiсаtiоп, ргосеduгеS
аЬоагd, sigпа1s, еquiрmепt, contingency р1ап, suгVivа1 tесhпiquеs, Salvage
сопtгасt, еtс;
11. to ргоVidе guidance fог those Who duгiпg еmегgепсiеS at sea may геquiге
аSsistапсе;
111. to make shiрЬоагd & Shоге-Ьаsеd орегаtiопаl регsоппе1 сопvегSапt With thеiг
duties uпdег the сiгсumstапсеs of sеагсh & геSсuе.
IПtГОduСtiОП
Accidents with ships & сгеWmеmЬегs still оссаSiопа11у happen deSpite а11
песеSSагу mеаsuгеS, а11 роssiЬ1е ргесаutiопS & stгiсt оЬsегVапсе of the
Rеgulаtiопs. It dоеsп't mаttег hoW ог Why they оссuг; the sо1е aim is to гепdег
assistance aS Soon as роSsiЬ1е.
to effect осуществлять
а1егt бдительный , настороженный
а1егt тревога
аррагепt очевидный
to assign назначать
сопVегsапt ознакомленный, сведущий
contingency случайность
gist суть
simultaneously одновременно
Skimming беглый просмотр
Sо1е единственный, один
to aSsume предполагать, принимать на себя
202
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist.
DistгеSs incidents сап Ье divided into two саtеgогiеS: coaStal & осеап.
1п соаstа1 incidents shiрs, аiгсгаft, hеliсорtегs & Shоге-Ьаsеd 1ifе-SаViпg
арр1iапсеS may Ье iпVоlvеd. 1п осеап incidents ргасtiса1lу оп1у ships сап Ье
аVаilаЬ1е.
The effective conduct of Sеагсh & геSсuе орегаtiопS eSsentially геquiгеs со-
огdiпаtiоп Ьеtwееп the огgапizаtiопS and units сопсеmеd, Which сап соmргisе
аiгсгаН, shipS and Shоге-Ьаsеd 1ifе-sаViпg арр1iапсеs. The mеthоd, Ьу Which this
со-огdiпаtiоп is асhiеVеd, Vагiеs depending оп the detailed огgапizаtiоп in each
агеа. The fо11оwiпg gепега1 dеSсгiрtiоп illustгаtеs the main сопsidегаtiопs and
emphaSizes the рагtiсulаг го1е of mегсhапt ShiрS.
Соогdiпаtiпg, геSропdiпg & а1егtiпg mnctions аге executed Ьу Nаtiопа1
distгеSS, а1егtiпg & sеагсh & геSсuе огgапizаtiоп. NDASRO iпс1udеs the е1еmепts
given Ье1оW:
§АЕ - огgапizаtiопs which haVe Ьееп еstаЬ1ishеd in tеггitогiа1 and high-SеаS
агеаs to регfоm соогdiпаtiоп and гепdег Sегviсеs in caSeS of distгеSS. These
sегViсеS аге ргоvidеd within а Sеагсh & ReScue Region (SRR), Which is aSSociated
With а ReScue -соогdiпаtiоп Сепtге (RСС).
The Магitimе Rescue Соогdiпаtiоп Сепtге haS оVега11 геSропSiЬilitу in а
distгеss-аt-Sеа situation fог the регfоmапсе of the орегаtiоп to its сопс1usiоп.
It ргоVidеs fог the iпitiаtiоп, соогdiпаtiоп and сопс1usiоп of SAR and the
conesponding dосumепtаtiоп.
The execution of SAR mеаSuгеs in caseS of distгеss at Sea is Ьаsеd оп SAR task
р±.
This р1ап in addition to explanation геgагdiпg гаisiпg the alam and execution
also containS data аЬоut the SAR seagoing VеSsе1S and аiгсгаft and апу kind of
infomation needed Ьу еVегуопе inVolved in SAR SегViсеS.
When а SAR орегаtiоп is stагtеd, а SАR-Мissiоп Со-огdiпаtог (SМС)аt the
ReScue Соогdiпаtiоп Сепtге Will guide the орегаtiоп until геsсuе haS Ьееп effected
ог has Ьесоmе аррагепt that fiігthег еffогts Will Ье hоре1еsS.
The SMC Will designate а VеsSе1 in the Vicinity of the distгеsSеd VeSSel ог
аiгсгаН that рагtiсiраtеS in the Sеагсh as the Оп-Sсепе Соогdiпаtог (ОSС).
WhепеVег роssiЬ1е, the геsсuе со-огdiпаtiоп сепtге ог геsсuе suЬ-сепtге
геSропSiЬ1е fог Sеагсh & геSсuе орегаtiопs, Shа11 fогWагd to the регSоп, а VеSSе1 ог
оthег сгаft, fОг Which ап еmегgепсу phaSe haS Ьееп dесlагеd, iпfогmаtiоп оп the
Sеагсh & геsсuе орегаtiопs it haS iпitiаtеd.
203
The activities of sеагсh & геsсuе units and оthег facilitieS engaged in sеагсh &
геsсuе орегаtiопS Shа11 Ье соогdiпаtеd оп-Sсепе to епSuге the most effective
геSults. The most сараЬ1е регsоп should Ье deSignated aS оп-Sсепе соогdiпаtог aS
еаг1у aS ргасtiсаЬ1е and ргеfегаЬ1у Ьеfоге the facilitieS аггivе Within the Specified
агеа of орегаtiоп.
Неге is ап ехаmр1е of national distгеSs а1егtiпg Sеагсh & геSсuе огgапizаtiоп.
Е1еmепts Functions
СО-огdiпаtiпg
Rе1ауiпg / геSропdiпg
Аlегtiпg
1п а11 сiгсumstапсеs mегсhапt ShipS аге 1iаЬ1е to Ье inVolved in Sеагсh & геSсuе
орегаtiопs еithег in conjunction with sресiа1izеd SAR units ог iпdерепdепtlу.
1п the fоmег caSe mегсhапt ShipS may гесеivе infomation аdditiопа1 to that
оЬtаiпаЬ1е Hom distгеSS tгаffiс ог specific геquеSts Hom 1апd - ЬаSеd SAR
аuthогitiеs. НоWеVег, and in VieW of the gепега1 ргасtiсе of со-орегаtiоп Ьу
mегсhапt ShiрS, it must Ье emphasized that по огdег ог advice гесеivеd Hom theSe
аuthогitiеs сап set aside the оЬ1igаtiоп ог the гights of апу mаStег aS set out in
геgulаtiоп V/іо of the Iпtеmаtiопа1 ConVention fог the Safety of Life at Sеа.
The го1е of mегсhапt ShipS in оп-Sсепе соогdiпаtiоп will Ье goVemed Ьу the
folloWing сопSidегаtiопS :
1. if sресiа1izеd SAR ShipS аге not аVаilаЬ1е to aSsume the dutieS of Оп-Sсепе
Соmmапdег (ОSС), Ьut а пumЬег of mегсhапt shipS аге рагtiсiраtiпg in the
орегаtiОп, it will Ье песеSSагу that опе of these aSsume the duty of !§L
Соогdiпаtог Suгfасе Sеагсh;
2. if Sресiа1izеd SAR shipS аге оп-Sсепе SimultапеоuS1у With mегсhапt shiрS, it сап
погmа11у Ье expected that опе Sресiа1izеd unit Will aSsume the duties of ОSС.
The OSC Shа1l Ье геSропSiЬ1е fог the fо1lоWiпg tasks when theSe haVe not Ьееп
регfогmеd Ьу the геSропsiЬ1е RCC ог RSС, aS арргоргiаtе:
204
1. detemining the ргоЬаЬ1е poSition of the оЬjесt of Sеагсh, the ргоЬаЬ1е mагgiп of
еггог in this роSitiоп, and the Sеагсh агеа.
2. making аггапgеmепts fог the Sерагаtiоп, fог safety рuгроSеS, of units engaged in
the Sеагсh;
3. deSignating арргоргiаtе sеагсh pattems fог the units рагtiсiраtiпg in the sеагсh
and aSsigning Sеагсh агеаS to unit ог gгоuрS of uпits;
4. designating арргоргiаtе units to effect геSсuе When the оЬjесt of the Sеагсh is
lосаtеd;
5. со-огdiпаtiпg оп-Sсепе Sеагсh & геsсuе соmmuпiсаtiоп.
205
9. to demand i. оссuг
1 3 . ьеgi-iпg m. duty
1 5 . регfоmапсе о. to skim
207
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist.
While uпdег mагitimе 1аW the гight to регfоm sа1Vаgе exists independently
Hom апу сопtгасt, it is gепега11у accepted ргасtiсе to гепdег Sа1Vаgе SегViсеS uпdег
сопtгасt tеms.
Such сопtгасts may Ье оп а `по сuге -по рау' ЬаSis, in Which the Sа1Vог's
геmuпегаtiоп is detemined аНег completion of the sа1Vаgе орегаtiоп Ьу аgгееmепt
Ьеtwееп the рагtiеS.
The moSt widе1у uSed & ЬеSt knoWn of the Sа1Vаgе сопtгасts is L1оуd's
Stапdагd Fom of Salvage Аgгееmепt. Its mаjог ргiпсiр1еS аге the fоllоWiпg:
1. The Sа1Vог аgгееS to use his ЬеSt епdеаVоuгs to salvage the Vеssе1 and its сагgо
and take the said VeSSel and сагgо to а named р1асе ог р1асе of Sаfеtу.
2. 1п аdditiоп, the Sаlvог аgгееs to use his ЬеSt епdеаVоuгS to ргеVепt ог minimize
damage to the епViгопmепt.
3. If the Sа1Vаgе is suссеSSЫ1, the геmuпегаtiоп Will Ье оп the поmа1 `по сuге -по
рау' ргiпсiр1е.
Оп соmр1еtiоп of Salvage орегаtiопS Statement of Sа1Vаgе орегаtiопS to the
distгеssеd ship is to Ье dгаWп uр. It iпс1udеS the fоl1owiпg dаtа:
1. The sа1Vеd vеSsеl.
2. The VеSSе1 регfогmiпg salvage орегаtiопs.
3. PoSition ofthe ship in distгеSS.
4. Time of the оссuггепсе of the accident as рег Lоg-Ьооk of the distгеSsеd shiр.
5. Time оfsа1Vог's аггivаl.
6. The паtuге оfdistгеSS.
7. Time of dес1агаtiоп Ьу the distгеSSеd Ship of thеiг WillingnesS tO Ье гепdегеd
аSsistапсе.
8. State of the distгеsSеd Ship at the Ьеgiппiпg of the Sа1Vаgе орегаtiопs.
9. Вгiеf епumегаtiоп of the assistance гепdегеd Ьу the Sа1Vог Shiр.
10. State of the геsсuеd Ship аftег the соmр1еtiоп of the sа1vаgе орегаtiопS.
11. Time of соmр1еtiоп of Sа1Vаgе орегаtiопS.
The Statement is Signed Ьу Маstег of the Sа1Vог and the distгеsSеd VеSsеl.
208
Payment of the salvage аwагd is made to the Sа1VогS. The рагtiеS with ап
iпtегеst in the VеSSе1, who haVe Ьепеfіtеd Hom the Sа1Vаgе SегViсеs, make
сопtгiЬutiопS to the аwагd in ргорогtiоп to the salved Vа1uе of thеiг iпtегеSt. TheSe
рагtiеS usuа1lу аге the Shiроwпег, сагgо оWпег, and сhагtегег.
1п most саSеs, Whеге time and сiгсumstапсеS регmit, the оWпегs tоgеthег
With the МаStег Will аgгее With the sаlvогS to the tегms оп Which the Sа1Vаgе
sегViсеS Will Ье гепdегеd With the аuthогitу of оthег рагtiеS with iпtегеsts in the
VеsSе1 who will Ьепеfіt fi.оm the Salvage sегViсеS. Тhегеfоге, in the eVent Salvage
SегViсеS аге геquiгеd, it is imрогtапt that the МаStег iпfогms оwпегs as Soon aS а
саSuа1tу оссuгS to ргеVепt salvage SегViсеS Ьесоmiпg mоге uгgепt and
conSequently mоге ехрепSivе.
НоWеVег, in caSeS of аЬsоlutе uгgепсу, the Маstег himself may negotiate the
tems of the sа1Vаgе аgгееmепt With the sа1VогS, suЬjесt to the оWпегS' Standing
iпStгuсtiопS. It must Ье stгеSsеd that the МаStег оп1у haS аuthогitу to геасh ап
аgгееmепt in cases Whеге the VеSSе1 and the сагgо оп Ьоагd аге inimminent dапgег
and thеге is по геаSопаЬlе оррогtuпitу to contact оwпегS and сагgо оWпегS and апу
оthег рагtу with ап iпtегеSt in the VеSsе1 Who will Ьепеfit fГоm the salvage sегViсеs
in огdег to оЬtаiп thеiг аuthогitу.
If the МаStег comeS to ап аgгееmепt With Sа1VогS Without the аuthогitу of
the iпtегеStеd рагtiеS in а caSe whеге thеге is по еmегgепсу, these рагtiеS (арагt
Hom оwпегS) may not Ье Ьоuпd Ьу the аgгееmепt, and may гесоVег апу
сопtгiЬutiоп to sа1vаgе fi-оm оWпегS. Тhus, the Маstег So fаг as is Safe and
ргасtiсаЬ1е should оЬtаiп the аuthогitу of оWпегS as well aS сагgо оWпегS Ьеfоге
аgгееiпg to апу ргороSеd tегms put fогWагd Ьу Sаlvогs.
Fiпа1lу, it is imрогtапt to note that moSt Sа1vаgе аgгееmепts, including the
LОF, геquiге "11 со-орегаtiоп Ьеtwееп the сгеW of the salved VеSSе1 and the
Sа1VогS. Although thеге may Ье SuЬStапtiа1 tension Ьеtwееп the two рагtiеS, the
Маstег should епSuге that сгеW mlly assist and со-орегаtе With the Sа1Vогs.
209
5. main е. suЬSеquепtlу
6. to tгу f. gгоuпds
7. to iпсощогаtе g. Williп8пеSS
8. eVent h. to conduct
9. Wish i. fаiг
1 1. to finish k. геmuпегаtiоп
Summагу
1. Wеl1 -геhеагsеd Wгittеп ргосеduгеs and contingency р1апS will saVe time and
епsuге nothing is missed in the eVent of ап unexpected iпсidепt.
2. А Waming ЬгоаdсаSt Via VHF гаdiо is wогthlеSs if it is not hеагd ог uпdегStооd.
А1Wауs епSuге that а ргорег 1istепiпg Watch is maintained оп the VHF гаdiо. Good
гаdiо communication is еSsепtiа1 at а11 timеs.
3. If you аге to take сопtго1 of апу Sеагсh and Sа1Vаgе орегаtiоп make Suге that
you аге "11у аWаге of What is геquiгеd and What the safety imр1iсаtiопS аге.
4. If you аге in сhагgе you аге геSропSiЬ1е fог the safety of оthегs and must sаtisfУ
уоuгsеlf that еVегуопе knoWs exactly what to dо.
211
Unit 14. GмDSS
Lесtuге lavout
Lеагпiпg оЫесtivеS:
1. to get the lеаmегS fаmiliагizеd with diffегепt means of communications at Sеа;
11. to teach neW VосаЬulагу using the lесtuге;
111. to iпtгоduсе iпfогmаtiоп оп GМDSS, VНF-соmmuпiсаtiоп, SМСР.
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1. Study the fо11оwiпg Wогds and wогd соmЬiпаtiопs:
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
CommunicationS at sea аге еSsепtiа1 fог the efficient and Safe гumiпg of а Shiр.
They take р1асе Within the ship hегsе1f (iпtгаShiр соmmuпiсаtiоп, iпtеmа1
communication When the VeSsel is Ьегthiпg, caSting оff, 1еаViпg Ьегth, loading and
disсhагgiпg, еtс.), Ьеtwееп the Ship and оthег Ships (iпtегShiр соmmuпiсаtiоп),
Ьеtwееп the ship and соаSt-stаtiопS and sometimeS Ьеtwееп the Ship and аiгсгаft.
Communications сап Ье made оVег diffегепt distances and using methods гапgiпg
fГоm the simр1еst oneS to thoSe using the moSt Sophisticated tесhпо1оgу.
CommunicationS оVег ге1аtivе1у shогt distances сап Ье made Ьу Visuа1 ог sound
Sigпа1s. Visuа1 Sigпа1S сап Ье Sent Ьу using Hags ог ап Ald is 1аmр. 1п fog and
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similаг сiгсumstапсеs When Visual Sigпа1s cannot Ье Seen Sound sigпа1s аге uSеd.
They сап Ье made With the shiр`s Siгеп, Whistle ог Ье11. 1п еmегgепсiеS, госkеts
and Нагеs аге used to sigпа1 distгеSS and to асkпоW1еdgе Such Sigпа1s.
VeSsels and соаst-Stаtiопs сап communicate Ьу meanS of Radio Те1ерhопу,
Sаtе11itе Digital Sе1есtivе Calling (DSС) and Rаdiо-Те1ех.
Магiпе communications haVe come ап аstопishiпg1у 1опg Way in а Shогt timе.
Магiпе гаdiо оп1у Ьеgап in the fігSt decade of the 20th сепtuгу, Могsе Соdе-ЬаSеd
and whо11у dependent upon specialist гаdiо оffiсегS. Тоdау, With sаtе11itе
communicationS аvаilаЬ1е, а wе11-еquiрреd VеSSе1 Which по 1опgег саггiеS а
communications specialist is аЬ1е to communicate thгоugh Sаtе11itе links а11 агоuпd
the Wог1d in р1аiп 1апguаgе and аffогdаЬ1е and ге1iаЬ1е е-mаil.
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Ехегсisе 5. Match the рагts of the Sепtепсеs:
3.VеSsе1S and coast stationS с. аге еSsепtiа1 fог the efficient and Safe
communicate
гu-iпg of а shiр.
4. Sound sigпа1S аге used d. Within the ship hегsеlf, Ьеtwееп the
1. Ргеігеаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1.Studу the fо11оwiпg wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопs:
оьjесtivе цель
to соmргisе включать в себя
SAR (Sеагсh and Rеsсuе) поиск и спасание
to indicate показывать, указывать
to detemine определять
Магitimе Safety Iпfогmаtiоп (МSI) информация по безопасности
мореплавания
to соmр1у With подчиняться
арр1iсаЬlе применимый, соответствующий
to оЬsегVе соблюдать
ITU (Iпtеmаtiопа1 Те1есоmmuпiсаtiоп международный союз радиосвязи
Uпiоп)
Hequency Ьапd полоса частот
to distinguish различать
соVегаgе покрытие, дальность действия
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nautical mile морская миля (1852м.)
MF (mеdium Неquепсу) средние волны
INMARSAT (Iпtеmаtiопа1 Магitimе международная морская организация
Sаtе11itе Огgапizаtiоп) спутниковой связи
latitude широта
СОМРАS-SАRSАТ (Sаtеllitе-Аidеd космическая система поиска
Sеагсh and ReScue SуStеm) аварийных судов
SOLAS (Sаfеtу of Life at Sеа) безопасность жизни на море
Sе1f-ргореllеd самоходный, самодвижущийся
tгоорShiр транспорт для перевозки войск
to Stipulate обусловливать, оговаривать
to ге1ау ретранслировать
SART (Sеагсh and ReScue радиолокационный ответчик
ТгапSропdег)
NAVTEX ОЧаVigаtiопаl Те1ех) навигационный телекс
EGC ((Iпmагsаt) Enhanced Gгоuр Са11) расширенный
(многофункциональный) групповой
вь1зов
гесе1рt получение
EPIRB (Еmегgепсу Position Indicating аварийный радиобуй
Radio Веасоп)
Safety NЕт сеть безопасности
ргiогitу приоритет
lock шлюз
RCC (RеSсuесо-Огdiпаtiпg Сепtге) спасательно-координационный центр
nooding затопление
со1lisiоп столкновение
gгоuпdiпg посадка на мель
1ist крен
Sinking потопление
to disаь1е выводить из строя
аdгift дрейфующий
to deSignate обозначать
delay задержка, промедление
iпtегfасе взаимосвязь, взаимодействие
GPS (GlоЬа1 Positioning SуStеm) глобальная система
позиционирования (определения
координат)
to update модернизировать, пересмотреть и
дополнить
MMSI (Магitimе МоЬilе SегViсе идентификатор морской подвижной
IdепtitiеS) службы
digit цифра
gеоstаtiопагу геостационарный
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With геsресt to относительно
WWNWS (Wогld Wide NаVigаtiопа1 служба навигационных
Waming SегViсе) предупреждений
to геlеаSе выпускать, отправлять
Suьmегgе затопить
V1а через
detection гапgе дальность обнаружения
гаdаг maSt РЛ мачта
Р.Р.1 (Р1ап PoSition Iпdiсаtог) индикатор кругового обзора
гаdаг display индикатор РЛС
path траектория
to огьit выводить, выходить на орбиту,
траекторию
П. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist.
The GlОЬаl Магitimе DistгеSS and Safety SyStem came into fогсе in 1999
and is а рагt of the Iпtеmаtiопа1 ConVention conceming the Safety of Life at Sea
(SоLАS).
Its main оЬjесtivе is tO ргеVепt accidents Ьу ргоVidiпg Магiпе Safety
Iпfогmаtiоп and at 1еаst minimize consequenceS of mагiпе accidents Ьу meanS of
effective соmmuпiсаtiоп.
GMDSS Will епаЬ1е а Vеssе1 to communicate With coaStal stationS and оthег
VeSsels at апу time and uпdег апу сiгсumstапсеs.
VeSsels Ьuilt аftег 1 FеЬгuагу 1995 must соmр1у With а11 аррliсаЬ1е GMDSS
геquiгеmепts.
Sеа-агеаS
The агеаS outside А1, А2 and А3 аге А4-Sеа Агеаs. This is еSsепtiаl1у the
Ро1аг геgiопs, погth and South of аЬоut 70О of 1аtitudе, Ьut ехс1udеs апу оthег
агеаs.
ShipS Sailing in theSe Ро1аг геgiопs must са1ту а DSС-еquiрреd HF
гаdiоtе1ерhопе/tе1ех, in addition to equipment геquiгеd fог агеаs А1 ahd А2.Тhis
агеа doeS not haVe Iпmагsаt, Ьut СОРАS-SАRSАТ соVегаgе.
GмDSS-VеsSеIS
VeSSels that аге SuЬjесt to the Safety of Life at Sea СопVепtiоп(SОLАS) must
comply With the GМDSS-геgulаtiопS and must Ье fitted With GMDSS еquiрmепt.
GМDSS-VеsSе1S (ог SОLАS-VеsSе1S) include а11 VeSSels engaged in iпtеmаtiопа1
Vоуаgеs, except Vегу Smаl1 Vеssе1S, Such aS р1еаSuге yachts that аге not engaged in
tгаdе, ShipS that аге not Sеlf-ргореl1еd, Ьut а1Sо mеп-оf-wаг and tгоорShiрS.
GмDSS equipment
3. Sеагсh and геSсuе tгапsропdег (SАRТ) uSed fог ргоVidiпg homing signals
Hom suгVivа1 сгаfts fог detection Ьу 9GНZ гаdаг.
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4.NАVТЕХ гесеivег uSed fог гесеiviпg mагitimе Safety iпfогmаtiоп Which is
аutоmаtiса11у ргiпtеd Ьу the гесеivег. Enhanced gгоuр са11 (ЕGС) facilitieS
Will also Ье геquiгеd fог shipS орегаtiпg outside NAVTEX гапgе fог the
гесеiрt of Safety NET ЬгоаdсаSts.
218
IпmагSаt
NАVтЕх
ЕрIRв
219
The detection гапgе Ьеtwееп SART and SАR-Uпit depends оп the height of the
Shiр'S гаdаг mast and the height of the SART in the SuгVivа1 сгаН.
1. The G1оЬа1 Магitimе Distгеss and Safety SyStem is а рагt of the Iпtеmаtiопа1
ConVention conceming the Safety of Life at Sea (SОLАS).
2. Vеssе1S Ьuilt аftег 1 FеЬгuагу 1999 must comply With а11 арр1iсаЬ1е GMDSS
геquiгеmепts.
3. Sea Агеа А1 could extend tурiса11у 30 mileS Hom the coast stаtiоп.
4. Sea Агеа А2 is ап агеа Within гаdiоtе1ерhопе-соVегаgе of МF-соаSt Stаtiоп, in
Which continuous DSС-а1егtiпg and гаdiоtеlерhопу SегViсеs аге аVаilаЬ1е.
5. Sea Агеа А31iеs Ьеtwееп аЬоut 1аtitudеs 50° NОгth and Sоuth.
6. Sea Агеа А4 has IпmагSаt and СОМРАS-SАRSАТ соVегаgе.
7. GМDSS-Vеssеls iпс1udе а11 Vеssе1S engaged in intemational VоуаgеS, except
Vегу smа11 опеS.
8. А DISTRESS ALERT indicateS that thеге is а SегiоuS dапgег fог VеsSе1, сгеw
and раSSепgегs.
9. Ап Uгgепсу message indicateS that thеге is Sегiоus and ilhmediate dапgег fог
VеSsе1, сгеw and раSSепgегS.
10. А "SЕСURIТЕ" message indicateS that thеге is imminent гisk fог паVigаtiОп.
11. А ROUTINE meSSage is геfеггеd to as "SЕСURIТЕ" mеSsаgе.
12. Routine meSSages геfег to iпtегshiр соmmuпiсаtiоп, exchange of data in рогt
орегаtiопS, communication Ьеtwееп shipS and VеsSе1 Тгаffiс SегViсеS, iпshоге
гаdаг stаtiопs, pilot Stаtiопs, Ьгidgеs and 1осks.
13. DistгеSS аlегts сап Ье аddгеSSеd to а11 Stations ог shiрS, ап iпdividuа1 station ог
shiр, ог а gгоuр of stationS ог Shiрs.
14.А DSС-iпstаl1аtiоп оп Ьоагd а VеSSе1 ог at а coast Station has Ьееп
ргоgгаmmеd With Магitimе МоЬilе SегViсе Identity (ММSI).
15. MMSI is а unique twе1Vе-digit identification соdе, Which is Sent аutomаtiса1lу
with each DSС-tгапSmittег.
16. Iпmагsаt-sаtе11itеs аге gеоstаtiопагу, Which means that thеiг positionS in Space
With геSресt to the еагth регiоdiсаllу сhапgе.
17. Communication Ьу means of Iпmагsаt-sаtе11itеS extends in агеа Ьеtwееп
1аtitudеs 70О Nогth and South and has Ьееп SuЬdividеd into thгее IпmагSаt
геgiопs.
18. NAVTEX is uSed to гесеivе iпfогmаtiоп conceming mеtеого1оgiса1 Wаmiпgs,
SАR-орегаtiопS and оthег imрогtапt and uгgепt dаtа.
19. Ап Еmегgепсу PoSition Indicating Radio Веасоп (ЕРIRВ) is а Smа11 гаdiо-
tгапSmittег аЬ1е to tгапsmit VНF-, МF- and НF-Sigпаls.
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14.З. VНF-СОММUNIСАТIОN
1. Рге-геаdiпg taSks
Ехегсisе 1.Studу the fо1lоWiпg wогds and Wогd соmЬiпаtiопS:
П. Reading activities
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtiф its gist:
Announcement of а MesSage
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2. Ап Uгgепсу meSSage is announced Ьу "РАNРАN-РАNРАN-РАNРАN-АLL
SтАтIоNSіVЕ S SEL S ALL SтАтIоNSіvЕ SSЕLS-АLL
SТАТIОNS/VЕSSЕLS; ТШS IS MV .......... CALLSIGN ........... (3Х)".
3. А Safety message is amounced Ьу "SЕСURIТЕ-SЕСURIТЕ-SЕСURIТЕ-
ALL SтАтIоNSіVЕ S SЕLS-АLL SтАтIоNSіVЕ S SEL S-АLL
SТАТI0NS/VЕSSЕLS; ТШS IS MV .......... CALLslGN ........... (3Х)".
4. А Routine mesSage is announced Ьу аddгеssiпg the гесеiviпg Station ог VеSsе1
With its name and са11 sigп, аRег Which the tгапsmittiпg рагtу identifies its
name and са11 Sigп.
``Аddгеss and IdепtiR7" must also Ье applied Ьу асkпоW1еdgiпg Station ог
Vеssе1.
The Wогd "ОVЕR" Will indicate that the tгапsmittiпg рагtу Wishes to change
Hom speaking to 1istепiпg.
"АddгеsS and Identi „ must а1sо ье
арр1iеd аftег the Wогd "0VЕR"
GMDSS VеSSе1S announce а meSsage Ьу meanS of Digitа1 Selective Саlliпg.
Аftег the announcement has Ьееп made оп the VHF ог Ьу DSС, the actual mesSage
is tгапSmittеd Ьу meanS of vоiсе-соmmuпiсаtiоп оп the VНF.
When the DSС-Асkпоwlеdgеmепt haS Ьееп гесеivеd fгоm the соаst-Stаtiоп, а
МАYDАY-, РАNРАN- ог SECURITE mesSage is tгапSmittеd to а11 ShipS Ьу
сопVегSаtiоп thгоugh Radio Telephony (VНF, МF, НF), via Sаtе11itе ог Ьу tе1ех.
Саге must Ье taken to keep the Radio Те1ерhопу сопVегSаtiоп shогt and to the
роiпt. Тhегеfоге the Stапdагd Магiпе Communication РhгаSеS must always Ье
used in VНF-соmmuпiсаtiоп.
DistгеSS MeSSage
DSC distгеsS calls аге tгапSmittеd Ьу а ship in distгеSs апd, Ьеiпg imр1iсitlу
аddгеSSеd to "а11 shiрS", Will Ье гесеivеd Ьу а11 SuitаЬ1у equipped ShipS and coaSt
stations within ргораgаtiоп гапgе of the гаdiо Hequency uSеd.
DistгеsS ргосеduге (mагkег Wогd: МАYDАY) is to Ье used When а ship ог
регsоп is thгеаtепеd Ьу gгаVе and imminent dапgег, and геquеsts immediate
аSsistапсе.
Ехаmр1е:
мАYDАY
This is twO eight пiпе-zего Six Гіvе-Zего zего two
А1Ьа-ТаП80 FОХtГОt FОХtГОt ВГаVО
Му роSitiОп: Гlvе Гlvе dеgгееS zего eight minuteS NОгth
Zего zего thгее dеgгееs two fouг minuteS WеSt.
Fiге оп ЬОагd.
СгеWmеп have to leave shiр.
Rеquiге immediate аssistапсе.
oVER
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``Rесеivеd Мауdау"
When а VеsSе1 haS гесеivеd а DistгеsS Аlегt Hom а distгеSsеd VеSSеl, the гаdiо
орегаtог must Wait and геmаiп Stапd-Ьу fог а few minutes until the
асkпоW1еdgеmепt Hom RCC has Ьееп гесеivеd.
Апу ship гесеiviпg а distгеss а1егt acknowledgement must tгапSmit а
"RЕСЕIVЕD МАYDАY" оп VHF to the distгеSSеd VеSSе1, in огdег to 1еt the
distгеSSеd VеSsе1 know that the а1егt WaS гесеivеd.
Ехаmр1е: "RЕСЕIVЕD МАYDАY" MV С1iоst-ОНDS to distгеssеd vesSel А1Ьа
мАYDАY
А1Ьа, А1Ьа, А1Ьа
АlЬа-Тапgo FОхtгоt Fохtгоt Вгаvо
This is Сli0St, СliОSt, Сli0st
Сliost-ОSсаг HOtel Delta Siегга
REcEIVED мАYDАY
"мауdау Rеlау„
If а VeSsel haS noticed that а VеSSе1 in distгеSS is not аЬ1е to tгапsmit а DistгеSS
А1егt, She must tгапSmit а DistгеSs Аlегt Relay ("МАYDАY RЕLАY") to the
ReScue Со-огdiпаtiоп Сепtге ог соаStа1 Stаtiоп.
Ехаmр1е:
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мАYDАY
А11 Stаtiопs, а11 StаtiопS, а11 StationS
This is НumЬег Rаdio.
Тimе: Опе thгее опе five houгS UТС-
SILENcE мАYDАY
"Silепсе Fiпi„
мАYDАY
А11 StаtiОпS-аll StаtiопS-аI] StatiOnS
This is НumЬег Rаdio.
Тimе: Опе fouг thгее zего houгS UТС.
А1Ьа-ТаП80 FОХtГОt FОХtГОt ВГаV0.
SILENcE FINI
Uгgепсу MeSSage
Ехаmр1е:
рАNрАN-рАNрАN-рАNрАN
А11 StаtiОпs, а11 StаtiОпs, а11 StatiOnS
This is two Six fоuг-Опе zего zего-Zего eight zего
МОtог VeSSel Вгаtsk-zulu TangO Рара Рара.
Му роSitiОп: ГIVе nine dеgгееS two five minuteS ЕаSt.
Main engine Ьгеаkdowп.
I геquеSt t0Wiп8.
oVER
safety MeSSage
SЕсURIтЕ SЕсURIтЕSЕсURIтЕ ;
А11 StаtiОпS, а11 StаtiопS, а11 StаtiОпs;
This is two опе thгее-Опе Six еight-zего zего five
РасiГIс Сhаmрiоп-Мikе Кilo Romeo Рара
225
Му poSition is five two dеgгееS zего zего minuteS Nогth.
zегоzего five dеgгееS two ГіVе minuteS WeSt
Тimе: zего nine опе ГіVе houгS UТС.
IпfОгmаtiоп: dгiftiпg сопtаiпег Sighted in poSitiOn HVe two dеgгееs zего zего
minuteS NОгth/zего zего опе dеgгее two thгее minuteS Wеst.
А11 Ships аге гесоmmепdеd to keep а Shагр lookоut.
оUт
Routine MesSageS
226
Unit 15. SECURITY 0N BOARD SHIP
Lесtuге La
15.1 Intemational Ship and рогt facility Sесuгitу code (ISРS) iпtгоduсtiоп.
15.2 ОVегViеW of the ISPS code
15.3 ISPS code геquiгеmепts to ShipS
Lеагпiпg оЬiесtivеS :
1. to deVelop studепts' kпоW1еdgе of sесuгitу оп Ьоагd Shiр;
П. to iпtгоduсе the ЬаSiс infomiation of lsPS Соdе;
Ш. to teach new VосаЬulагу conceming the ргоЬ1еm of sесuгitу at Sеа;
IV. to iпtгоduсе iпfогmаtiоп aS fог the mаttегs of tеггогism аЬоагd ог againSt ShiрS.
When the "АсhillеLаuго" Was attacked in ОсtоЬег 1985 and опе old сгiррlеd
man was muгdегеd duгiпg the hiтjасkiпg, it cauSed the сгuisе iпdustгу in the
Меditеггапеап to come to а tоtа1 and аЬгuрt hаlt. The United NationS aSked the
1МО сопSidег the mаttег to study the ргоЬ1еms of tеггогism аЬоагd ог againSt
Shiрs, With the View of making гесоmmепdаtiопS оп арргоргiаtе mеаsuгеs. The
Sесгеtагiаt of the Магitimе Safety Committee (МSС) ргерагеd а рарег "Guidе1iпеs
to ргеVепt uп1аWЫ1 acts Which thгеаtеп the Safety of shipS and the Sесuгitу of thеiг
раsSепgегS and сгеWS". Since the moment that геSоlutiоп was аdорtеd, it has meant
that thеге is ап iпtеmаtiопа11у гесоgпizеd and арргоVеd fогmulа Which sets out
What рогts and Ships haVe to do in огdег to ргоVidе ргорег ргоtесtiоп againSt
tеггогists ' асts.
Fо11оWiпg the Sinking of the Тitапiс, iпtеmаtiопа1 соорегаtiоп геSultеd in the
ргоduсtiоп of аgгееd safety stапdагds. Fо1lоWiпg the attack оп the "АсhillеLаuго"
iпtеmаtiопа1 соорегаtiоп геsultеd in the ргоduсtiоп of аgгееd sесuгitу stапdагds. It
is tгulу Said - "Whаt the Titanic did fог Sаfеtу, the "АсhillеСаuге" haS done fог
Sесuгitу."
Мегсhапt ShipS аге Still сопfгопtеd in many рагts of the Wогld With the thгеаt of
Viо1епt attacks Ьу агmеd гоЬЬегS, Ьоth at sea and While in рогt. IпсгеаSiпg1у, many
of the attacks iпvо1vе fiгеаms and а significant пumЬег of sеаfагегS haVe Ьееп
muгdегеd. DistuгЬiпglу, thеге is gгоWiпg eVidence that some attacks аге 1iпkеd to
огgапizеd сгimе and that many of the регреtгаtогS аге ргоfеSsiопа11у tгаiпеd. It waS
tоtаl1у uпассерtаЬlе, at the end of the 20th Сепtuгу, that sеаfагегS Wеге uпаЬ1е to
conduct thеiг Vital Wогk of facilitating wог1d tгаdе without fеаг of агmеd гоЬЬегу
ог hijасk. But many goVemments with juгisdiсtiоп оVег the агеаS Whеге the
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mаjогitу of attacks оссuг арреаг uпаЬ1е, ог uпWilliпg, to police thеiг WаtегS
effectively and ргоSесutе those геsропSiЬ1е fог attacks againSt mегсhапt shiррiпg.
Рiгасу геmаiпS а fеstегiпg sоге оп the face of the seagoing community and With the
Ьеst Will in the Wогld, the ISPS Code will do nothing to hе1р сuге it.
А11 the аЬоVе makes it Vitа1 to get the SеаfагегS acquainted With the ISPS Code
and thеiг sесuгitу duties оп Ьоагd.
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ImplementatiOn of the code
• Рогt FacilitieS (Тhе рогt facility is the facility Whеге iпtегасtiоп Ьеtwееп the
ship and the рогt takeS р1асе).
• The fо11оWiпg Ships in intemational tгаdе:
о РаsSепgег shipS (iпс1udiпg НSС);
о Сагgо ships 500 tопS+ (iпсludiпg НSС);
о МоЬilе Оffshоге Units (МОU).
Code Stгuсtuге
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15.3. ISPS CODE REQUIREMENTS ТО SHIPS
dес1агаtiоп объявление
Vегifiсаtiоп проверка, подтверждение
iпtегim временный, промежуток Ьремени
eValuation оценка, определение
сгеdiЬ1е заслуживающий доверия
соггоЬогаtеd подкрепленный
heightened повышенный
епViгопmепt окружающая среда
to епSuге обеспечивать
to designate назначать
to update обновлять
deficiencies замечания
поп-соmрliапсе несоответствие
imр1еmепtаtiоп осуществление
maintenance поддержание
amendment поправка
11. Reading activitieS
Ехегсisе 2. Read the text and idепtifУ its gist:
• Gепегаl DеНпitiопS;
• Application and RеsропSiЬilitiеs of Сопtгасtiпg Gоvеmmепts;
• Dес1агаtiопs of sесuгitу;
• ОЬ1igаtiопs ofthe Соmрапу;
• Company Sесuгitу Оffісег;
• Ship Sесuгitу;
• Ship Sесuгitу АSSеssmепt;
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• Ship Sесuгitу Р1ап;
• Ship Sесuгitу Оffiсег;
• Тгаiпiпg, Dгills and ЕхегсisеS;
• Vегifiсаtiоп and Сегtifісаtiоп fог Shiрs, including геgulаtiопS fог Iпtегim
Сегtifiсаtiоп.
• Sесuгitу LеVе1 1 meanS the lеVе1 fог Which minimum арргоргiаtе ргоtесtivе
sесuгitу mеаsuгеs shаl1 Ье maintained at а11 timеs.
LеVе1 1 mеаsuгеS:
о The сгеW of the Ship may moVe Нее1у Within the dе1imitеd quay агеа.
о А11 moVements outside the dе1imitеd quay агеа must Ье аgгееd uроп.
Contact рогt Fогеmап/рогt аssistапt.
о Shоге pasS and identification document аге геquiгеd fог регsопs wanting
shоге 1еаVе.
о Advance notice must Ье given fог гераiгегS, VisitогS and оthегs Who haVe
to Ьоагd the Ship duгiпg the Stay in the рогt. They Will Ье checked against
1ist of nameS and equipped With Visiting сагds.
о Advance notice must а1Sо Ье given in caSe of гер1асеmепt of сгеW, fог
гераiгегs and оthегs Who haVe to Ьоагd and fо1lоW the Ship When they аге
1еаviпg the рогt and they will Ье checked againSt 1ist of the паmеs. They
Will get по Visiting сагds, Ьut might Ье equipped With shоге passeS if they
haVe to go аShоге Ьеfоге dерагtuге.
• Sесuгitу LеVе1 2 meanS the 1еVеl fог Which арргоргiаtе аdditiопа1 ргоtесtivе
Sесuгitу mеаSuгеS shа11 Ье maintained fог а регiоd of time as а геSult of
heightened гisk of а sесuгitу iпсidепt.
LeVel 2 mеаSuгеS:
о when Sесuгitу 1еVеl гisеS to 1еVе1 2 а11 регsопs 1еаViпg the ship ог епtегiпg
the рогt агеа аге to Ье guided the shогtеst way Hom gate to Ship and Vice
vегsа.
о Idепtiф сагds haVe to Ье shown and inspection of 1uggаgе is to Ье а11оWеd
when геquеStеd.
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DefinitiOn of sесuгitу leVeI 3
• Sесuгitу LeVel 3 means the 1еVе1 fог which Ыгthег speciHc ргоtесtivе
sесuгitу mеаSuгеS shа11 Ье maintained fог а 1imitеd регiоd of time When а
Sесuгitу incident is ргоЬаЬ1е ог immiпепt, а1thоugh it may not Ье роSsiЬlе to
idепtifУ the specific tагgеt.
LеVе13 mеаSuгеS:
When Sесuгitу lеVе1 гisеS to 1еVе1 3 поЬоdу is а11оWеd to leaVe the Ship and
епtег the рогt without pemission fгоm the РFSО. The Ship has to fо11оw the
iпStгuсtiопs fгоm the аuthогitiеS.
РFSО-Рогt facility Sесuгitу оffісег.
• The DoS shа11 аddгеsS the Sесuгitу геquiгеmепts that could Ье shагеd
Ьеtwееп а рогt facility and а ship (ог Ьеtwееп ShiрS), and shа11 state the
геsропSiЬilitу fог еасh.
• А Ship сап геquеSt а DoS to Ье соmр1еtеd uпdег Specific сiгсumstапсеS.
Dесlагаtiоп of Sесuгitу means ап аgгееmепt геасhеd Ьеtwееп а Ship and
еithег а рогt facility ог апоthег Ship With Which it iпtегfасеs sресifУiпg the
sесuгitу mеаsuгеS each Will imр1еmепt.
• Сопtгасtiпg GoVemments Shа11 detemine When а DoS is геquiгеd Ьу
aSSessing the гisk fог the Shiр/рогt iпtегfасе ог Ship to ship activity poSeS to
реор1е, ргорегtу and the епViгопmепt.
• Сопtгасtiпg GoVemments shаl1 SресifУ the minimum регiоd DoS Shа1l Ье
kept Valid in its tеггitогу ог оп Ьоагd ShiрS.
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COmpany Sесuгitу оfГісег (СSО)
MeanS the регSоп designated Ьу the company fог епSuгiпg that а Ship
Sесuгitу asSeSsment is саггiеd оut; that а ship Sесuгitу р1ап is dеVе1ореd, SuЬmittеd
fог арргоVа1, and thегеаRег imр1еmепtеd and mаiпtаiпеd, and fог 1iаisоп with the
рогt facility Sесuгitу оffісег and the Ship sесuгitу оffiсег.
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With the mаstег, and although the mаStег has оVеггidiпg аuthогitу, this could lead
to dе1ау, confhsion and duplication of еffогt at а сгitiсаl timе.
• The SSA is а mапdаtогу рагt of the сегtifiсаtiоп ргосеSS to оЬtаiп the Ship
Sесuгitу Сегtifiсаtе;
• The Company Sесuгitу Оffісег Shall епsuге that the SSA is саггiеd out Ьу
регSопs With арргоргiаtе skills ог Ьу а Recognized Sесuгitу Огgапizаtiоп
(RSо);
• The SSA Will fom ЬаSis fог the Ship Sесuгitу Р1ап.
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• РгосеduгеS fог геsропdiпg to апу sесuгitу iпStгuсtiопs Сопtгасtiпg
Govemments may Ье given fог sесuгitу 1еVеl 3;
• Ргосеduгеs fог eVacuation in case of sесuгitу thгеаts ог ЬгеасhеS of sесuгitу;
• DutieS fог ship Ьоагd регSоппеl aSsigned to sесuгitу геSропsiЬilitiеS and of
оthег shiрЬоагd регsоппе1 оп Sесuгitу аSресts;
• РгосеduгеS fог auditing sесuгitу асtivitiеS;
• Ргосеduгеs fог tгаiпiпg, dгills and ехегсisеs asSociated with the SSР;
• РгосеduгеS fог iпtегfасiпg With рогt facility Sесuгitу асtivitiеS;
• РгосеduгеS fог регiоdiс геViеW and updating of the SSР;
• Ргосеduгеs to герогt sесuгitу iпсidепts;
• Identification of ship Sесuгitу Оffісег;
• Identification ofCSO (24 hоuгS);
• Identification of 1осаtiопS whеге the Ship Sесuгitу А1егt SyStem is 1осаtеd
оп Ьоагd;
• РгосеduгеS fог tеStiпg, са1iЬгаtiпg etc of sесuгitу equipment оп Ьоагd.
Ехегсisе 4. Аге the following sentences tгuе (/) ог fа1sе (Х)? Соггесt the false
опеs:
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7. SSO is геsропSiЬ1е g. that а sесuгitу incident is ргоЬаЬ1е ог
immiпепt.
8. The SsP епsuгеS the h. the гisk to sесuгitу of реор1е, ргорегtу and the
арр1iсаtiоп of the mеаSuгеS епViгопmепt
Modem рiгасу is Viо1епt, Ь1ооdу and гuthlеSs. It is the mоге fеагsоmе ЬесаuSе
Victims аге too often оп thеiг oWn and dеfепсе1еsS.
The 1аSt decade haS seen fоuг specific typeS of рiгасу Which Vагу ассогdiпg to
the геgiоп.
Fiгst, is What could Ье са11еd 'Аsiап' рiгасу, Whеге ships аге Ьоагdеd and cash
and Vа1uаЬ1еS аге stо1еп Hom the Safe and the сгеW With the minimum of fогсе.
TheSe attacks аге not оп the high sеаS, as а11 the WаtегS in the агеа аге Within the
tеггitогу of the Vагiоus соuпtгiеS which Ьогdег thеm. А Wеl1-kпоWп tагgеt агеа WaS
the Philip Сhаппе1 Ьеtwееп IndoneSia and Siпgароге Ьut the emphaSis haS noW
shifted to the Ма1асса Stгаits and the IndoneSian WаtегS. Such attacks take the
fогm of iпtгudегs coming а1опgsidе а ship uпdегWау, usuа11у duгiпg the пight,
Ьоагdiпg it and then taking poSSession of WhаtеVег caSh and пеgоtiаЬ1е Vа1uаЬ1еS
come easily to hапd. The поtаЬ1е fеаtuге of this type of attack is the dеgгее of skill
that is uSed to Ьоагd the shiр, соuр1еd with the fact that Viо1епсе is not погmа11у
used unleSS геsistапсе is оffегеd. It is this соmрагаtivе1у 'поп-Viо1епt' арргоасh,
except in Indonesian wаtегS, that - oddly enough - makeS the ргоЬ1еm mоге
difficult to соmЬаt.
Sесопd, thеге is 'Sоuth Аmегiсап' and 'Wеst Аfгiсап' type рiгасу, Whеге shipS
Ьегthеd ог at апсhог аге attacked Ьу агmеd gangs that аге mоге disposed to Ье
viо1епt than thеiг Asian соuпtекрагts. Неге the tагgеts аге саSh, сагgо, регSопа1
еffесts, Shiр's еquiрmепt, in fact anything which сап Ье mоvеd. The сhагасtегistiсs
of these attacks iпс1udе:
• The high dеgгее of Viо1епсе Ьу heaVily amed сгimiпаls аftег Ьоагdiпg а
Shiр.
• The tагgеt items include mопеу, пеgоtiаЬ1е goods and items of сагgо and
Shiр,S еquiрmепt.
• The tоtа1 Vа1uе of goods stolen рег attack tends to Ье highег than in the
'АSiап' рiгаtiса1 attack and thеге is а dеgгее of рге-рlаппiпg.
• Тhеге is а dеmопstгаtеd 1асk of competence ог WillingnesS to геSропd оп the
рагt of 1аW епfогсеmепt.
• Some of the tагgеt ShipS аге at апсhог.
AS With 'Аsiап' аttасks, the рiгаtеS come а1опgsidе in Smа11 сгаft and mount
high-sidеd ships With геmагkаЬ1е аgilitу. Fгоm that point опWагds по similагitу
ехists, aS the аttасkегs оНеп оffег gгаtuitоus viо1епсе and Will stеа1 еvегуthiпg that
is not Sесuгеd. If the shiр'S equipment is stо1еп, the safety of the Ship сап Ье at гisk.
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Тhiгd come mагitimе attacks With а militагу ог ро1itiсаl fеаtuге. NоtаЬlе among
theSe Was the attack Ьу tеггогists оп the сгuisе Ship АсhillеLаuго in the eaStem
Меditеггапеап in 1985. This attack was iпStгumепtаl in the сгеаtiоп of the
ConVention fог the Suрргеssiоп of Uп1аWml Acts AgainSt the Safety of Магitimе
NaVigation (1988 SUA СопVепtiоп) Ьу the 1МО.
Somalian WаtегS continue to Ье а high-гisk агеа fог hijасkiпgs. Amed рiгаtеs in
sрееdЬоаts and guпЬОаts ореп fiге оп ShipS ог yachts and гоЬ ог hijack thеm. Some
сгеW have Ьееп iпjuгеd ог killed in the раSt. Ships апсhогiпg ог passing cloSe to the
eastem and погth-еаstеm Somali coaSt Should note that they will Ье Seized Ьу опе
of the Wаггiпg factionS Hom Shоге. The погthеm and погth-еаStеm Sоmа1i coaSt is
рагtiсulагlу гiskу. TheSe аге the expected consequenceS of ап агеа Without а сепtгаl
аuthогitу whеге Wаг and Viо1епсе haVe Ьесоmе соmmопрlасе.
Fгоm time to timе, Shiр'S сгеW mеmЬегs ask queStions ге1аtiпg to Sесuгitу. Неге
аге Some of the most common quеStiопs...
Q. What do the diffегепt Sесuгitу 1еVе1S mеап?
А. Тhеге аге 3 Sесuгitу 1еVе1S. LeVel 1 is сопsidегеd aS поmа1 With minimum
гоutiпе Sесuгitу mеаSuгеS in р1асе. LеVе1 2 is Whеге ап iпсгеаSеd гisk of а Sесuгitу
incident ехists. 1п this case thеге аге аdditiопа1 sесuгitу mеаsuгеS taken оVег and
аЬоVе thoSe at lеvе11. LеVе13 is the higheSt 1еVе1 and this is Whеге а Sесuгitу
incident is ргоЬаЬ1е ог immiпепt. IпstгuсtiопS Will погmа11у Ье given Ьу thoSe
геsропdiпg to the incident and gепега11у поmа1 орегаtiопS Will stор. Details of
Sесuгitу mеаsuгеS at each 1еVеl аге iпс1udеd in the Ship Sесuгitу Р1ап (SSР) and
the Ship Sесuгitу Оffісег (SSО) Will advise each сгеW mеmЬег of hisЛіег
геSресtivе dutiеS.
Q. HoW do I know if the sесuгitу leVel оп my Ship сhапgеs?
А. The Маstег Will Ье advised Ьу the VеSsеl'S Flag Аdmiпistгаtiоп, Company
Sесuгitу Оffiсег ог the рогt if the sесuгitу 1еVе1 сhапgеS. 1п tum, the SSO Will
епSuге that а11 сгеW аге iпfогmеd and made аWаге of the 1еVеl а1опg With thеiг
dutiеS. Some ships may haVe а Visual disр1ау indicating the сuггепt Sесuгitу lеVеl.
Q. What kпоW1еdgе do I need to knoW аЬоut VеSSе1 sесuгitу?
А. Ваsiсаllу, арагt Hom the Маstег and SSО, the kпоW1еdgе геquiгеd is 1imitеd
to the ргосеduгеS, sесuгitу mеаsuгеS and dutieS contained in the Ship Sесuгitу Р1ап
геlеVапt to уоu. НоWеVег, а gепега1 uпdегStапdiпg of оthег sесuгitу mаttегS is
геquiгеd and the SSO Will саггу out оп Ьоагd tгаiпiпg in this геSресt.
Q. What аге my Sесuгitу dutiеs?
А. The SSO will епSuге that you аге made аwаге of уоuг sесuгitу dutieS оп
Ьоагd at the diffегепt Sесuгitу 1еVе1s. If in апу dоuЬt, you should ask the SSО.
Q. When do Visitогs haVe to Ье checked coming оп Ьоагd my Shiр?
А. А11 Visitогs must Ье asked to ShoW idепtifісаtiоп, details епtегеd into the
VisitогS lоgЬооk and а pass issuеd. Random checking of регSопS and thеiг
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Ье1опgiпgs will Ье саггiеd out aS рег the sесuгitу р1ап and the sесuгitу lеvе1 in
fогсе. Регsопа1 checks сап Ье assisted Ьу the use of а hапd-hе1d mеtа1 dеtесtог
Q. What am I looking fог duгiпg а сhесk?
А. Апу WeaponS ог anything that could Ье сопSidегеd as SuSрiсiоus. Look out
fог the uпuSuа1. ASk уоuгSеlf questionS such аS, "dоеs this Ье1опg?" ог "whу does
he са1ту this?" If in dоuЬt геquеst the advice of ап оffісег ог the SSО. If the регsоп
геНsеs to а11оW his Ьаgs to Ье sеагсhеd then he must not Ье а11оwеd to сагту them
оп Ьоагd. The exception to this is goVemment оfГісiа1S such as coaSt guагd
оfflсегS.
Q. What if а Visitог геЫSеS to Show me identification ог if I Suspect the
identification document to Ье fаkе?
А. Contact the оfГісег-оf-thе-wаtсh ог the SSО. The регSоп Shа11 not Ье а1lоWеd
to paSs the gangway checkpoint until fhlly Vегifiеd. If песеssагу, the регSоп Will Ье
tо1d to leaVe and the shоге аuthогitiеs аdvisеd.
Q. DoeS sесuгitу affect my shоге-1еаVе?
А. Shоге-1еаvе may Ье геstгiсtеd depending upon the sесuгitу 1еvе1 in р1асе.
The Маstег/SSО Will advise уоu. Сегtаiп соuпtгiеs аге also Stopping shоге-1еаvе
fог сегtаiп паtiопа1itiеs of сгеW. Апу 1оса1 геgulаtiоп conceming this must Ье
оЬеуеd по mаttег hoW uпfаiг it арреагs to Ье.
Q. What is а геStгiсtеd агеа?
А. А геstгiсtеd агеа is а Space which is сгitiсаl to the safe орегаtiоп of the Ship
such as the Ьгidgе, engine гооm, сагgо pump гооm, аiг conditioning гооm amongst
оthегS. The рuгроsе of these агеаS is to ргеvепt uпаuthогizеd ассеSs, ргоtесt the
сгеW and ргоtесt the ship and сагgо fгоm sаЬоtаgе. The SSP details а11 геstгiсtеd
агеаS and lists those Who have аuthогizеd ассеSs. Each геstгiсtеd агеа is с1еаг1у
mагkеd and is а рагt of the гоutiпе sесuгitу mопitогiпg duгiпg checks of the shiр.
Q. What might а Рогt State Сопtго1 (РSС) Iпsресtог ask me геgагdiпg sесuгitу?
А. Sometimes а PSC iпSресtог may check With iпdividuа1 сгеW mеmЬегs to
епSuге that ргорег sесuгitу ргосеduгеS аге Ьеiпg саггiеd оut. Не may ask as to What
уоuг sесuгitу duties аге and the sесuгitу mеаSuгеs in fогсе, iпс1udiпg the ргеsепt
sесuгitу lеvе1. Не may а1sо aSk When you 1аSt had а sесuгitу геlаtеd dгill ог оthег
tгаiпiпg and may ask you to idепtiф уоuг SSО. This is to sаtisф him that thеге is
по соmр1асепсу оп Ьоагd and that the ship is орегаtiпg in а sесuге mаппег.
When dеа1iпg With а PSC Iпsресtог, Ье ро1itе and соорегаtivе. Не has а jоЬ to
do as wе11 and is thеге to епSuге that уоuг Sесuгitу and safety is ргоtесtеd. If you
have difficulty in апswегiпg ог if you do not аі11у uпdегstапd the quеstiоп, simр1у
аро1оgisе and ask fог hе1р Hom уоuг SSО.
If you haVe апу queStiOnS ог concems ге1аtiпg to sесuгitу оп Ьоагd уоuг ship
contact уоuг Ship Sесuгitу Оffiсег.
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