1

()
-

-2012

2
811.11 80 38

- ()

..., . ..

- -,
. ,
,
, (
).
, , ,
, . ,
, .

3
,

( .-.)

.
,

pf, tz, ckh

.
.

s
sch, .s,

[]

( .-.)

:
1.
,
2.

,
3.
.

1.
i/j
2.

,
.

.,
.

1.

,
2.
.

1.
i/j
2.

.
(
)
=

.
(
)

.
()

()
=

. . . .

. .:

. .
..

.
.

6
.

/ / -

. lgo - logos
. sede sdi (e - e)
. karomi kratah

. patr : pter (.. .

) - patr (., .. .) patrs (., )

.-.

. ad . at, . az, . at

. hortos, . hortus . gards , .

gart , . gar r

. sun , . sunus . sunus, ., .

sunu, . sunur

. piscis . fisks, ., . fisc, .

fiskr

. ventus .wind, . wint, .

vindr

. phro, . fer . beran ,

biru , birit

. jugm, . zygn . joch, . ok

. mtr, . mtr, . mter .

mdor, . mdor, . muoter, . moir
. fls - . blm, . blma,
. blmo, . blme

[]
(.), [a]
(.)

. smen , . sps, . st,

. sd, . s_
_

ei

. hr, . hr, . hiar, . hr, . hr

()

_
, u

_
,u

. Sunus . swein, ., .,
.swn, . sun

, (
m,n,l
. U)

. bera , - barn
. . VII . ltan lailt [llt]
. stela stuldr ,
. fela ful
. . VI . graban .. ..
grf .. . grbum - .II grabans

. stilan ( . i .) stlum

.beran , barn

8
-

giburt

( )

.
..
I.

II.

.. ..

.. ..

+ i + .

reisan
()

+ i + .

rais

i + .

i + .

rsum

risans

+ u + .

kiusan
()

+ u + .

kaus

u +

u +

kusum

kusan

u+r,l,m,n +
.
bundum

u+r,l,m,n +
.
bundans

III.

+r,l,m,n +
.
bindan
(.)

IV.

+r,l,m,n
niman ()

+r,l,m,n
nam

+ l,r,m,n
nemum

V.

+ .
qian ()

+ .
qa

+ .
qeum

VI.

- -

VII.

+r,l,m,n +
.
band

u+r,l,m,n +
.
numan
+ .
qians

faran ()
for
forum
farans
,

i (j)

.
_

- , - , - y

1. . harjis - ., .
Here, . Herr
2. .kuni - .cynn, .
Kyn

3. . gast (.) gesti

(.)
4. . man mennisco

p
t
k

h
w
h

. pitr, .patr, . pater . fadar, . fder, . fater.

.fair
. quod . hwa, . hwt,
. hwaj

bh
dh
gh

b
d
g

. bhrmi, . pher . fer

. baran, . beran, .beran,
.bera

w
gh

w
g

. omph - . siggwan, .
singan, . singan, . syngva

b
d
g

p
t
k

. bal , -.
. pl
. dv, . do, duo .twai, .tw . tw, . tveir

w
g

w
k

.gn, .gun , -.
- .qin, .cwene, .
quena

w
k

b f

. saptm, . Hept
sibun, . sibun
. altus .
, . Eald,
.

. deks, . .
. tigr, . zug
. snus, . nys

.
alds
aldinn
tidjus,
- .

10
(
snoru, . snura, . snor
z
r .
. .)

:
1. . tego toga
2. . stela stuldr
3. . hortos, . hortus . gards
4. . plts . fldus, . fld, . fld, . flo
5. . greipan graip gripum gripans
6. . ltan lalt lailtum ltans
7. . stelan - stal
8. . plla , . pellis - . fill, . fell, . fel, . fjall ,
9. . caput - . haubi, . houbit
10.
. Dubs . diups, . dop, . dipr

:
. bera (, ) barn ()
. tkan taitok [ttk]
. ventus . wind, . wint, . vindr
. dimus . tum, . ton, . zum, . tum, . ton
. findan (i e) fand funden
. slahan slh slhum slahans
. haitan hahait haaitum haitans
. mentum . muns, . m
. dubus . diups, . dop, . dipr
10.. yas . aiz, . r, . r, . eir
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

. ( ).

., ..

sat-j-an

sat-i-da

..,
..
sat-i-ddum

. II
sat-i-s

11
II
III
IV

fisk--n

hab-a-n

fulln-an

fisk--da

fisk--ddum

fisk--s

hab-ai-da

hab-ai-ddum

hab-ai-s

fulln--da

fulln-- ddum

------

1.

bindan

..,

. .,

II

..

..

band

bundum

bundans

baug

bugum

bugans

graip

gripum

gripans

hahait

hahaitum

haitans

lalot

lailtum

ltans

nam

nmum

numans

qa

qpum

qians

slh

slhum

slahans

biugan

greipan

haitan

ltan

niman

qian

slahan

2. :
I : nasjan , skjan
II : mahnhn , salbn
IV : gaarsanan

12


(.-. -)
.

- ja

..

..

..

..

dags

dags

ward

warda

harjis

harjs

kuni

kunja

dagis

dag

wardi

ward

harjis

harj

kunjis

kunj

ward wardam

harja

harjam

kunja

kunjam

hari

harjans

kuni

kunja

daga

dagam

dag

dagans

ward

warda

- wa

-jo

-i

..

..

..

..

kniu

kniw

giba

gibs

bandi

bandjs

gast

Gasteis

kniwis

kniw

gibs

gib

bandjs

bandj

gastis

gast

kniiwa

kniwam

gibai

gibm

bandai

bandjom

gasta

Gastim

kniu

kniwa

giba

gibs

bandja

bangjos

gast

Gastins

gast

- i

..

..

..

..

ansts

ansteis

sunus

sunjus

handus

handjus

faihu

anstai

anst

sunaus

suniw

handaus

handiw

faihaus

anstim

sunau

sunum

handau

handum

faihau

anstai

13

anst

anstins

sunu

sununs

handu

handuns

faihu

sunu

in/-an
.

-r

. .

..

..

..

guma

gumans

hairt

hairtna

brar

brrjus

gumins

guman

hairtins

hairtan

brrs

brr

gumin

gumam

hairtin

hartam

brr

brrum

guman

gumans

hairt

hartna

brar

brruns

- on

-ein

-nd

..

..

..

..

tugg

tuggns

managei

manageins

frijnds

frijnds

tuggns

tuggno

manageins

manageino

frijndis

frijnd

tuggn

tuggm

managein

manageim

frijnd

frijndam

tuggn

tuggns

managein

manageins

frijnd

frijnds

C ()

. ( )

( )

.

14
.

-a

-ans

-na

-ns

blinda1

blindans

blind

blindna

blind

blindns

-ins

-an

-ins

-an

-ns

-no

blindins

blindan

blindins

blindan

blindns

blindno

-in

-am

-in

-am

-n

-m

blindin

blindam

blindin

blindam

blindn

blindm

-an

-ans

-na

-n

-ns

blindan

blindans

blind

blindna

blindn

blindns

()

sa

ai

ata

blind-s

blind-ai

blind-ata

blind-a

blind-a

blind-s

is

iz

is

iz blind-a-

izs

iz

blind-is

blind-a-iz

blind-is

iz

blind-a-izs

blind-a-iz

amma

aim

amma

aim

izai

aim

blind-amma

blind-aim

blind-amma

blind-aim

blind-ai

blind-aim

ana

ans

ata

blind-ana

blind-ans

blind-ata

blinda

blinda

blind-s

1. Dala an atgaggandin imma af fargunja(1), laistidedum(2) afar imma
iumjons managos(3). ( c ,
).

15
2. Jah sai, manna(1) rutsfill(2) habands durinands inwait(3) ina qiands:
frauja, jabai wileis, maght mik gahrainjan(4) ( ,
, , , : , ,
).
3. Jah qimands Iesus in garda(1) Paitraus, gasahw(2) swaihron(3) is
ligandein in heitom(4) (
, ).
4. jah duatgaggands ains bkareis(1) qa(2) du imma: laisari, lastja(3),
uk ishwaduh adei gaggis
-

jah qadu imma Iesus fauhns(4) grobos(5) aigun jah fuglos(6)

himins(7) sitlans(8), i sunus(9) mans ni habai(10) hwar haubi(11)
sein anahnaiwjai ( : ,
, . :
,
).

an/on
1
2

man, mon
()
slpan ()
dl
ws
fyrst, fyr
mt
tme
mn
up
hs

man (o -)

man

slepen( -)
deal ( - -)
was (e- -, - )
furst, fur (-, -)
first (-, )
ferst, fer (-)

sleep
deal

first

eiai

ouau

meet
time
moon
up
house

16

ham ()

hm (ham .)

ou(
)

home

:
)

*sehan

son
()
-
bindan

bndan
()

,
,

( . .):
1.:
) i/j
)
2.
3.

:
)

+
mb,ld,nd,rd
)

. cpte . Kpte
()
)

(
.
-y)
. smoca .
smke (), .
boding.
body
()

1. The Great Vowel

Shift:

,
, , :
ei ai, ..
2.
[:] er, ir, ur:
her, girl, fur
3. ar a: - far, or
o: - horn
r +
:
+ r [ai] fire,
+ r [i] here,
+ r [] share,
+ r [u] poor,
+ r [au]
flower ..

wpjan
wpan

ms

) i/j
.

a
e
harjis
here

.
__
y
eo
mys
feorra

e
laisjan
lran

__
ie
afierran

17
.
i
sifon

io
siofon

.
e
hefon

eo
heofon

.
a
saru

ea
searu

+ r+ .
ea
e + r+ .
eo
L+ c.
lc,lh,h+ .,
H+ c.
h . .
h .
*herte
heorte
*rm
earm
()
()
*melcan
meolcan
ld
eald
(
()
)
*feh
feoh
()

e
ie

ea
geldan
gieldan
scl
sceal

1.

,

:
)

. . + .
(f, , s) .
Hlford (, ),
Nfre ()
)

Hlf (), folc ()
2.
,

3.

[h], [h]
[], []
miht () maan ()

1.

-
[j] []
2.

[k] [t]
. cild .
child
3. sc [] sh, sch
4.

f
5. .
[g]
[d]
joy, just

1. r
2.

dessert, possess, exhibit

18
4.

5.

(. r,
l, . m, n )

lufu ()

n

(
) .
fimf - . fif


..

.
.
.

.
.
.

Stn, word, hand, bk

.
Stnes, wordes, handes, bkes

Stnes, wordes, handes, bkes

Man, gs, ft, ms

Men, gs, ft, ms

Mannes, gses, ftes, mses

Mennes, gses, ftes, mses

1. :
. Sleep, east, lack, good
2. ,
i, :
- sifon siofon (seven)
- dm dman
- hefon heofon (heaven)
- satjan sattan
- saru searu ()
- fulljan fyllan
- *sandjan .sendan
3. :
.
lufian
lufode
lufod
.
loven
loved(e)
loved
.
love
loved
loved
4.

: man, gs, ft, ms.

.
.
5. , :
) :
*rm earm () ; ld eald (); herte heorte (); nht
heaht; sh seah

19
) : slan slahan; son sehan
6.

:
. smoca
. smke
. cpte
. kpte

. hound

. honde
. etan
. ten

,
7. (.): night,
child, eye, winter, hand, bk

:
Faran fuor fuorum gifaran ()
Ziohan zoh zugum gizogan ()
VII :
. haitan haihait - haihaitum haitems
. heizan hiaz hiazum geheizan

. ., .
. e, o, eo
e i, o u, io iu
a, o, e
(io)
i (j), u
i, u, iu
nimu nimis nimit
: i e:
gast gesti ,
Man mennisky
kraft kreftig
alt eltiro
: .
I
sezzen sazta (), brennen branta ()

1.
p,t,k
f,s,h.

:
ff, ss, hh

. slpan .
slfan - . schlafen
. sleep ()
. opan . offan . offen . open

20
2. p, t, k ph/pf, z/zz, ch/kh
.

3. b, d, g

P, t, k (.ggck)

: sk, sp,
st, tr, ht, ft

):
1. . path .
pfad . path
()
2. . twai - . zwei
- . zwei .
two ()
3. . kaurn - .
chorn - . korn . corn ()
1. . giban - .
kepan - . geben
()
2. . aldus - . alt
- . alt -.old
()
3. . gasts - .
kast - . Gast . guest ()
.
Skelda
() - . sceltan

a:

mohti
skni
nahti
spti
wurfil
hsir
biginnan
erda
fridu
habn
ladn
scni
spto
sunu

:
mhte

schne
:
nhte

spte

wrfel
:
hiuser

beginnen
erde
vride/vrit
haben
laden
schne
spte
Sun /son

Mchte
schn
Nchte
Spt
Wrfel
Huser
beginnen
Erde
Friede
haben
laden
schn
spt
Sohn

21

I. :
:
1. ) . niman nam nmum - numans
. neman nam nmum ginoman
). biugan baug bugum bugans
. biogan baug bugum gibogan
2. ) . gast () gesti (..)
) . man () menniski ()
3. ) . kraft () krefting ()
) . alt () eltiro ( )
4. ) . scip () - . scif
) . brikan () - . brehhan
5. ) . path () - . pfad
) . twai () - . zwei
6. ) . nati ()- . nezzi
) . drigkan () - . trinkhan
7. ) . giban () - . keppan
) . dags () . tag
8. ) . gasts () - . kast
) . hruggi () - . rucki
II.
:

beginnan
erda
tridu
habn
ladn
scni
spto
sunu

Beginnen
Erde
Friede
Haben
Laden
Shn
Spt
Sohn

22

1. , ,
,
. :
.
2. ,
.
3.
4. ()
5.

( )
( ).
(*).
6.
7.
() .
8. () ,

9.
j.
10. ,
,

.
11. -

. . . ..
( ).
12.
13. ,
, , .
14. ,
.
.
15.

16. ( )
.
17. ,
.
18. - () ,