Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
«ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ПРИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
(Финансовый Университет)
Кафедра «Иностранные языки»
М. В. Афанасьева
Г. Г. Пушкина
Английский язык
Москва 2012
1
УДК 81(075.8)=111
ББК 81.2.Англ.
А 94
Рецензенты:
Е.В.Пономаренко, д.ф.н., профессор. (ФГОУ ВПО МГИМО
(Университет) МИД РФ)
М.Ф. Матявина, доцент. (Финансовый университет)
ISBN 978-5-7942-0904-4
2
Предисловие
Современный, стремительно развивающийся мир деловых
отношений, требует к себе особого внимания и умения. Деловая
переписка занимает особенное место в деловых отношениях как
таковых. По сравнению с устной речью, в которой можно
воспользоваться личным обаянием, мимикой, жестами, к деловой
переписке предъявляются более высокие требования. Грамотность,
емкость и точность излагаемой информации, логичность.
Современные тенденции и изменения в деловом мире сказываются
не только на устной речи, но и письменной. Грамотно составленное
деловое письмо на иностранном языке поможет повысить
эффективность взаимодействия с партнерами.
Деловая международная переписка, проводимая в основном на
английском языке, имеет общепринятые в мировой практике стандарты.
Эти стандарты и другие правила во избежание ошибок и недоразумений
необходимо строго соблюдать, составляя официальные письма, телексы
или сообщения, передаваемые по международной
телекоммуникационной системе. Необходимо знать не только
особенности различных банковских операций и применяемых при
передаче информации стандартов, но и банковскую терминологию, а
также соответствующие лексические обороты в иностранном языке.
Целью данного пособия является развитие навыков письменной
и устной речи, необходимых для ведения деловой переписки и
работы с деловой документацией. Пособие состоит из разделов,
объединенных единой структурой, в каждом из которых
рассматривается один из аспектов ведения деловой переписки во
внешнеэкономической деятельности. В нем содержатся сведения о
порядке осуществления и технике проведения банковских операций,
дается информация о финансовых и коммерческих документах,
сопровождающих эти операции. Пособие составлено на основе
современных методических принципов с использованием
оригинальных источников и носит профессионально-
ориентированный характер.
3
UNIT I
BUSINESS LETTER WRITING CONVENTIONS
Section A
Study Section
Aims
As a general rule, you should aim to ensure that your writing is:
• accurate and complete – otherwise further correspondence will
follow, resulting in extra work and loss of time
• clear and precise – aim to avoid ambiguity and to write in a style
that is easily understood
• short and simple – aim to keep it short and simple (the KISS
principle); use short, familiar words and avoid redundant
expressions. However your letters should not be so short and simple
that they should rude!
Your address
Layout for ‘Block’ Style
• most business letters are
Their address
written on headed notepaper.
However, if you’re using
Date
unheaded notepaper, your
address is at the top right-hand Dear____
corner (don’t put your name Opening
there too). Both the name and
address are on the left, starting Main body
on the next line after your (could be more than 1 paragraph)
address.
• The date is on the right. You Closing
st
can write either 1 or 1 Yours____
January. The form of the date
can cause some confusion. In Signature
the USA, the date is written as Name
the month followed by the date Position
and the year (1/6/2001); in the
UK, it is the date followed by
the month and the year (6/1/2001). To avoid any unnecessary
confusion, write the date as: 1 June 2001 or 6 January 2001.
4
• Be consistent in your use of commas. If you use one after Dear…,
then use one after Yours sincerely. You may choose not to use any
commas at all in these positions.
• The paragraphs begin at the margin. Leave a double space between
them.
• Print your name and company position under your signature.
• End your letter with Yours sincerely if you begin Dear
Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Smith (Do write not Dear Mr James Smith.). End
your letter with Yours faithfully if you begin Dear Sir/Madam/Sir or
Madam/Sirs.
• Use headings to indicate to your reader what the subject of your
letter is. It is common to use re. (with regard to) in headings but it is
not compulsory: e.g. (Re.) Order #245-A. It can be placed either
before or after the salutation.
Whilst you should follow your company’s house style if it has one, it is
possible to state some basic rules and to introduce you to some common
conventions:
Content
As the first aim at the beginning of this handout suggest, your letter
must be accurate and complete. A common failing in companies
(particularly when dealing with complaints from customers) is not
answering correspondence fully (e.g. customer’s letter lists 5 points, and
the reply responds to just 3 of them). This is costly in terms of time and
money.
• Use short paragraphs with a new paragraph for each main point. In
English a paragraph is generally two or more sentences although
often the opening and closing paragraphs may only be a single
sentence each. Each new paragraph should begin at the margin –
you do not need to indent the line. Leave a space between each
paragraph (notice how the next paragraph follows this one).
• If it is your first letter (‘first contact’) to the addressee, explain your
reason for writing. If it is not, don’t forget to acknowledge the
addressee’s last communication (letter, fax, phonecall, etc.).
• Plan the middle paragraphs carefully to make sure your points are
made clearly and in a logical order.
5
Style
As the second aim suggests, making sure your reader understands what
you’re saying is essential. Here are some tips on style:
• Avoid using short informal forms such as I’m. don’t, won’t,
would’ve, etc. Write out verbs fully.
• Avoid over-formality – it can sound both archaic and pompous:
e.g. I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 21 May 2001. +
(Thank you for your letter of 21 May 2001) -
• However, do use polite forms when making requests.
e.g. Send me your price list. +
(Please could you send me your price list) -
• Avoid idiomatic or colloquial language.
e. g. You’ll get your money back. +
(the loan will be repaid) -
• Avoid using technical words or jargon if the reader is unlikely to
understand it or, if it is unavoidable, explain it.
6
There are many ways to lay out a business letter.
Here is a standardlayout of a business letter in “block style”. You may see
some other ways of laying down business letters, but “block style” is the
most useful to learn because it is accepted everywhere:
Heading The National Bank Limited
Attention line H
Attention: Mr John Fisher
Salutation
Dear Mr Fisher
Subject line
(subject heading) Re: P/o №
Body
Thank you for your letter of 19th July.
… …
Close We look forward to hearing from you favourably.
Yours sincerely
Signature W. Jackson
Position Manager
Enclosures
Encl.:
7
1. HEADING
Business letters are usually typed on notepaper bearing a specially
designed heading which provides the reader of the letter with essential
information about the organisation sending it.
The heading or letterhead generally includes the name, address,
telephone number, telegraphic address and telex number of the sender.
Sometimes it may also contain trademark, status, SWIFT address, codes
and other information about the company.
When writing letters in reply, care should be taken to keep the address
of the addressee absolutely identical to that given in the original
letterhead.
2. REFERENCE
References are quoted to indicate what the letter refers to ("your ref.")
and the correspondence to refer to when replying ("our ref.”).
Reference may appear in figures, e.g. "661/15" in which case "661"
may refer to the letter and "15" to the number of the department.
Sometimes reference may appear in letters, e.g. "DS/MR", in which
case "DS" stands for Donald Simpson, the writer, and "MR", for his
secretary, Mary Rogers, who typed the letter.
Sometimes after "your ref." the date is given.
Sometimes joint reference is made, like this:
Our
------ Ref. No. Colls /Pe
Your
There are some other ways of stating reference. They are:
Reference...
In reply please refer to...
In reply please quote ref. No...
The reference is usually printed below the heading or on the same line as
the date, but on the left.
3. DATE
The date is usually placed very close to the heading on the right-hand
side of the page. When the date is typed it finishes flush with the right-
hand margin.
8
Here are the following ways of indicating dates in English letters:
12th November, 20...
12th November 20...
12 November 20...
12 Nov. 20...
By the way, abbreviations of the names of months are not very
frequently used. As many Englishmen think they look untidy. If they are
used however they are as follows: Jan., Feb., Apr., Jul., Aug., Sept., Oct.,
Nov., Dec. Some firms still insist on a comma before the year, but others
consider this unnecessary.
Be careful with the date!
In American and some English letters the dates are indicated like this:
November 12, 20...
Englishmen do not recommend writing months in figures as they can be
confusing. But Americans often write months in figures. The first figure
indicating the month, for example:
10.12.20... (indicate October 12,20...)
12.26.20... (indicate December 26,20...).
So write the date like this: 12 June 2000 and then everybody will know
what you mean.
For computer use the international standard organisation (ISO)
recommends writing dates in all numeric form, with the year first,
followed by the month and the date, for example:
2000-08-25
200008025
5. ATTENTION LINE
Usually when the business letter is addressed to an individual the
attention line is used after the address, which looks like this:
For the attention of Mr R. Grayson
Care of Mr R. Grayson
C/0 Mr Grayson
Attention: Mr R. Grayson
6. SALUTATION
The following salutations usually open business letters:
Dear Sir, - if you do not know the name of the man
Dear Sirs, - if you address a company
Dear Sir/Madam, - if you address a person of whom you know neither
the name, nor the sex
Dear Madam, - is used to address a woman, whether single or
married, whose name you do not know
When the two correspondents are acquainted or when they have done
business together for some time, it is customary to use the person’s name
and write:
Dear Mr Brown,
Dear Mrs Smith,
Dear Miss Roberts,
The comma after the salutation is usual but optional. No punctuation
is used in “block style”.
In American style the salutations are as follows:
Gentlemen:
Dear Sirs:
Dear Gentlemen:
10
7. SUBJECT HEADING
Every business letter should deal with one subject only. The subject
heading is placed between the salutation and the body of the letter.
Subject headings may look like these:
Re: your collection 2121 for AUD 2500 drawee Current books Ltd.
Your collection 2121 for AUD 2500 drawee Current books Ltd.
Subject: your collection 2121 for AUD 2500 drawee Current books Ltd.
Very often the subject line is omitted in business letters.
9. COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
This usually begins halfway across the page. As a complimentary close
Englishmen usually use the words "Yours faithfully".
Dear Mr Glassy
Dear Mrs Snow Yours sincerely / Sincerely yours / With all best wishes
Dear Miss Klein
Gentlemen
Dear Sirs
Dear Gentlemen Yours truly / Very truly yours / Cordially yours /
Dear Mr Brown Sincerely yours
Dear Mrs Smith
Dear Miss Roberts
There is no punctuation after complimentary close in “block style”.
12
10. SIGNATURE
The signature usually comes under the complimentary close. After the
signature the name and the designation of the officer are indicated for
example:
Yours faithfully
_____________
J.D. Brotchie
Manager
Bonds and guarantee department
Yours faithfully
___________
For principal
Yours faithfully
_____________
Per pro manager
Yours faithfully
______________
P.p. section manager
Outward collections
It should be noted that "per pro" signatures are not permissible unless
13
the persons signing have been given power of attorney to sign on behalf
of the company.
There are some cases when below the signature only the words
"Authorised signature" come, like this:
Faithfully yours
_______________
Authorised signature
Faithfully yours
_________
J.D. Brown
Authorised signature
11. ENCLOSURES
If there are any enclosures, e.g. leaflets, prospectuses etc., with the
letter these may be mentioned in the body of the letter. But many banks
also write "enc." or "encl." at the bottom of the letter, and if there are a
number of documents these are listed. For example:
Enc.
Bill of lading (3 copies)
Insurance certificate (1 copy)
Certificate of origin (1 copy)
Bill of exchange (1 copy).
12. ENVELOPE
Here is a standard layout of an envelope of an English business letter:
14
DIFFERENT PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS USED IN BUSINESS
LETTERS
Expressions of thanks and references to the previous correspondence
We have received your letter of...
We thank you for your letter of...
Thank you for your letter...
We have received your letter ... for which we thank you.
We acknowledge, with thanks, receipt of...
We acknowledge receipt of...
We are pleased to receive...
We have your letter of...
With reference to your letter...
We refer to our telephone conversation regarding...
Replying to your letter of ... we are pleased to inform you that...
In reply to your letter of ... we are pleased to...
In response to your letter of ... we are pleased to...
We have your letter of ... and in accordance with your request we...
In accordance with your request of...
As instructed by you on...
We confirm our telegram dispatched this morning and we...
We would like to confirm our telex of ... which reads
Confirming ... we now have the pleasure to ...
Further to our letter of ... we...
Giving information
We are informing you that /of/ about...
We inform you that /of/ about...
We wish to inform you that /of/ about...
We are pleased to inform you...
We would like to inform you...
We have pleasure in informing you...
Please be advised that...
Kindly note that . . .
May we remind you that...
15
We regret to inform you...
We have to inform you...
Apologies
We apologise for...
Please accept our apologies/apology for...
Apologising for ... we...
We very much regret to say that…
Requests
Would you kindly...
Would you please...
Will you kindly...
Will you please...
Please...
We shall be pleased to...
We should be pleased if you will . . .
We shall be obliged if you will...
We should be obliged if you could/would
We should be glad if you would...
It will be appreciated if you can...
It would be appreciated if you could/would
We would appreciate your advice/sending
In view of the urgency we ask you to...
We ask you to...
We should/shall be grateful if you would...
We trust you will...
Mentioning enclosures
We are enclosing... (with the letter)
We enclose...
We now enclose...
… is enclosed and…
Also enclosed are...
We now return...
We are attaching to this letter...
We are pleased to enclose with this letter...
16
Complimentary close
Thank you again for your help.
We will be ready to serve you in every way possible.
Thanks again for your thoughtful note.
Thank you for your assistance.
We take this opportunity of thanking you for your assistance.
Many thanks for your earliest attention.
We are grateful and look forward to continuing our long association.
We look forward to serving you in the near future.
We look forward to hearing from you soon.
We look forward to the development of very healthy and mutually
beneficial relations between our organisations.
We look forward to continuing our mutually beneficial relationship.
Assuring you of our best attention at all times.
Awaiting your further commands.
Looking forward to hearing from you favourably...
Thanking you for your confidence…
Best regards.
We send you our best wishes for Christmas and a very prosperous New
Year.
17
Section B
Practice Section 1
Ex. I. Label the layout diagram below:
A) The bank's house symbol I) The date
B) The greeting J) Paragraph four
C) The letterhead K) The receiver's address
D) Paragraph one L) The closing lines
E) The address of the sender M) The subject line
F) Paragraph two N) The enclosure line
G) Reference numbers O) The name of the sender
H) Paragraph three P) The position of the sender
Q) Signature
18
Ex. II. How would you write these dates in a letter?
a) Feb. 15th 20... d) 08.07.02 (USA)
rd
b) 26 May 20... e) 21.2.02 (UK)
c) 3/12/02 (UK) f) 04.18.02 (USA)
19
Split Second Music Ltd
1.2.1997
The Sales Department,
Southern Importers Ltd.,
Dane Street,
Northam,
Southampton SO9 4YQ.
Dear sirs
We are a large record store in the centre of Manchester and would like to know more about the tapes and compact discs
you advertised in this month’s edition of ‘Hi-Fi News’.
Could you tell us if the tapes and compact discs are leading brand names, or made by small independent companies, and
whether they would be suitable for recording classical music. It would also be helpful if you could send us some
samples and if they are of the standard we require, we will place a substantial order. We would also like to know if you
offer any trade discounts.
Ex.V.Put the given phrases into the appropriate boxes below. This will
then be a useful selection of phases for you to refer to.
• We hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience.
• I would like to remind you that …
• If …not …we will be forced to …
• We would appreciate it if you could …
• I was disappointed with …
• With regard to …
• We have received your letter …
• Please feel free to contact me …
• We are unable to …
• I am delighted to tell you that …
• This is a result of …
20
• Further to my phonecall this morning …
Here are some useful phrases for letter writing. Read through them and
then add phrases from the accompanying sheet.
21
Giving reasons Apologising
• This is owing to … • We must apologise for …
Ex. VI. Study the following business letters of different types. Translate
them into Russian trying to preserve the style.
1) Letter of introduction
Dear Signor Connelli,
This is to introduce my colleague Mr. Gibson, of Messrs. Coleman
of London, who is travelling in Italy for the purpose of buying
leather goods suitable for the best class trade in this country.
I shall regard any service that you are able to render Mr. Gibson as
a personal favour done to me.
I hope that you are well and that I shall have the pleasure of seeing
you shortly.
Yours very sincerely, ...
2) Notice of establishment of a business
22
Gentlemen,
I should like to bring to your notice the fact that I have established
myself as a wholesale woollen merchant at the above address.
For more than 5 years I have been the European representative for
Moonbright Ltd., and I can claim to have considerable experience of
both the United Kingdom and the Continental woollen markets.
I can offer you an unusually large variety of class suiting,
particularly Yorkshire worsteds and Scotch tweeds, at strictly
competitive prices.
May I have the pleasure of sending you some patterns?
Yours faithfully, ...
3) Invitation to a firm
Dear Sirs,
We would be happy if you could pay us a visit at our office in
Liverpool at the beginning of 2012.
This visit will allow us to discuss matters of mutual interest and
explore the possibilities of further developing our business relations.
We would appreciate receiving your reply as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully, ...
4) Covering letter
Dear Sirs,
In reply to your letter of 22 August, enclose herewith our latest
catalogue and pricelist, and apologize for not having sent these
earlier.
The latest samples and patterns are being sent by separate post, and
should arrive within seven days. The parcel is too bulky to send by
air.
We have noted your instructions to give future quotations CIF.
We look forward to receiving further orders when you have had a
chance to go through the catalogue and examine the samples and
patterns.
Yours faithfully, ...
5) Restoring trade relations
Dear Sirs,
Our Sales Department has informed me that you stopped ordering
from us nine months ago, and I am writing to inquire the reason for
this.
You will appreciate that this firm prides itself on its service to
customers, and if we lose one, we should do everything in our
23
power to get him back.
You will be doing us a great service, therefore, if you will tell us
exactly where we have gone wrong in our service to you.
Yours faithfully, ...
Ex. VII. Translate the following letters making use of the given
phrases.
№1
REQUEST LETTER
− to pass on the information
− to make(place) a large number of orders with
or: to quote at a competitive rate
− to secure the business
or: to establish business relations
Господа,
Пожалуйста, сообщите нам подробности о Ваших товарах
(наименование), с тем, чтобы мы могли передать эту информацию
заинтересованным лицам.
Мы бы хотели отметить, что импортер разместил большое
количество заказов у различных производителей в (страна), и мы
поэтому рекомендовали бы непременно назначить
конкурентоспособные цены с целью установления деловых
отношений (чтобы получить заказы).
Мы были бы благодарны за Ваш скорый ответ.
№2
REQUEST LETTER
- to be in the market for
- to access requirements
- to consider offers
- to submit offers
- regular production qualities – обычныесортатовара
- to place an order with a firm
№3
STATUS INQUIRES AND REPORTS
- to supply somebody with goods on credit
- to do business with somebody
- to enable somebody to do something –
- to apply to somebody for something
- to have a satisfactory reply to an inquiry
- to dispatch consignment –
- on this occasion we should appreciate payment in advance
Уважаемые господа!
Благодарим Вас за Ваш (заказ №…, запрос …, письмо) от (дата).
Мы будем рады предоставить Вам (товар) в кредит; однако так как
это наша первая сделка с Вами, мы попросили бы Вас сообщить нам
название и адрес Вашего банка и одной-двух фирм, чтобы мы имели
возможность обращаться к ним за информацией. Когда мы получим
удовлетворительные ответы на наши запросы, мы отправим Вам
товар и сразу же откроем счет, чтобы Вы могли оплатить этот и
следующий заказы.
Если Вы хотите, чтобы мы отгрузили товар немедленно, в этом
случае мы просим произвести авансовый платеж.
С удовольствием ждем установления регулярных торговых
отношений с Вами.
С уважением, …
№4
WRITING A REFEREE
- to give somebody a name as a reference
25
- we should be very much obliged
- to be of good reputation, to enjoy a good reputation, to be
considered a reputable firm
- to grant, allow somebody a credit up to (amount)
- to use, treat the information strictly confidentially (in the strictest
confidence)
Уважаемые господа!
(Личность или фирма) предоставила нам Ваше имя, и мы будем
очень признательны, если Вы сообщите нам, пользуются ли они
хорошей репутацией и следует ли нам предоставлять им кредит на
сумму (сумма).
Можете быть уверены, что любая информация, которую Вы нам
предоставите, будет использована строго конфиденциально.
С уважением, …
№5
A REQUEST TO ESTABLISH BUSINESS RELATIONS
- to have business relations in something
- to deal with somebody by offering
- to be of interest to somebody
- to enter into business relations with a firm
- …if you would be prepared to offer us such goods
Уважаемые господа!
Наши друзья в …, с которыми мы поддерживаем деловые
отношения по торговле (оборудованием), просили нас узнать о
возможности установления и развития торговых отношений между
нами и Вашей фирмой.
Мы пишем Вам для того, чтобы узнать, сможете ли Вы
предложить нам те товары, которые будут представлять интерес для
наших покупателей.
Нам важно знать, заинтересованы ли Вы в том, чтобы вступить в
деловые отношения с нашей фирмой.
Мы будем Вам Весьма признательны за Ваш скорый ответ
относительно того, сможете ли Вы предложить нам такие товары.
С уважением,….
26
№6
A REQUEST FOR AN ANNUAL REPORT
- to thank somebody for a warm reception
- to show great interest in something
- Annual Report and Accounts
- to put the name of a company on the mailing list
- accept our thanks in advance
Господа,
Во время моего пребывания в Вашей стране я имел удовольствие
посетить Вашу фирму. Я хотел бы еще раз поблагодарить Вас за
очень теплый прием, оказанный мне.
При ознакомлении с моим отчетом о поездке наше руководство
проявило большой интерес к деятельности Вашей фирмы. Я хотел
бы просить Вас прислать экземпляр Вашего годового отчета и
счетов за прошлый год, а в будущем включить нашу фирму в список
адресатов, которым Вы высылаете Ваши отчеты.
Заранее примите нашу благодарность.
Искренне Ваш, …
№7
COVERING LETTERS
- to quote for an item
- to supply goods from stock
- the lowest possible
Уважаемые господа!
Мы рады были получить Ваше письмо от 10 апреля с
приложенным к нему списком товаров, которые Вам нужны до
конца мая.
На отдельном листе мы назначили цены на эти товары, все не
могут быть поставлены со склада. Заверяем Вас, что назначенные
цены самые низкие, насколько это возможно.
С уважением, …
27
№8
ANNOUNCEMENT LETTERS
Уважаемыегоспода!
Несмотря на все наши попытки сохранить (удержать) цены на их
нынешнем уровне, мы были вынуждены повысить цену на (товар),
вследствие возросшей стоимости сырьевых товаров (рабочей силы,
расходов по рассылке и т.д.)
Мы крайне сожалеем об этом, но Вы должны принять во
внимание, что это решение, фактически, было принято под
давлением обстоятельств.
Наш исправленный прейскурант прилагается и является
действительным с (дата).
Надеемся на дальнейшее взаимовыгодное сотрудничество.
С уважением, …
№9
………
Вам будет небезынтересно узнать, что мы недавно выпустили
новый товар … (наименование), который специально предназначен
для (рынка). Мы прилагаем образцы и подробные рекламные
материалы для Вашего ознакомления.
28
С нетерпением ожидаем Ваших замечаний и/или пробных заказов.
Ex. VIII. Make business letters observing the style and using the
appropriate vocabulary.
№1
Поблагодарите Ваших партнеров за приглашение участвовать в
конференции и выразите свое мнение по поводу повестки дня и тем
для обсуждения. Уточните сроки проведения конференции и
попросите Ваших партнеров заказать Вам номер в гостинице на этот
период, а также встретить Вас в аэропорту в день приезда.
№2
Сообщите Вашим партнерам о новом товаре, выпущенном на
рынок. Приложите к письму подробное описание товара и
прейскурант цен. Обратите внимание Ваших партнеров на высокое
качество товара, его соответствие новейшим технологиям, что
оправдывает достаточно высокую цену. Попросите Ваших
партнеров высказать свои замечания по качеству и
конкурентоспособности данного товара. Выразите надежду, что
Ваши партнеры заинтересовались этим товаром и ваши фирмы
продолжат плодотворное сотрудничество.
№3
Письмо по восстановлению деловых отношений
Выразите сожаление о том, что Вы не получаете заказов от своих
партнеров начиная с (время). Вы хотели бы узнать, что явилось
тому причиной, так как это позволило бы Вам продолжить
поставку товара. Попросите Ваших партнеров без колебаний
высказать любую критику в Ваш адрес, так как это поможет Вам
исправить свои недостатки и, как Вы надеетесь, позволит
возобновить торговые отношения между Вашими двумя фирмами.
№4
Письмо-рекламация
Выразите свои претензии по поводу нарушений Вашими
партнерами условий и сроков поставки товара, а также его
29
неудовлетворительным качеством. Сообщите, что Вы вынуждены
вернуть часть товара для замены его на более качественный.
Потребуйте неукоснительного выполнения всех условий
контракта; подчеркните, что в противном случае Вы будете
вынуждены аннулировать контракт, а возможно и прервать
торговые отношения с Вашими партнерами по торговле этим
товаром.
Practice Section 2
Ex. I. Study the letters you are given and pick out all the different phrases
used to do each of the following:
1. Refer to a meeting held previous to the letter:
2. Apologise for something the bank cannot do:
3. Ask someone to do something:
4. Explain what is enclosed in or with the letter:
№1
Dear Claudia
Re: Telebanking
Further to our meeting on November 11th, we are pleased to enclose our
offer regarding the connection of BCS accounts to our telebanking service
as requested.
This connection will enable you to obtain up-to-the-minute information
30
on the status of BCS accounts. If you wish, you may also make payments
via the telebanking service.
Costs
Installation charge free
Data communication software(ex VAT) 165 -
Subscription charges :
the first account, per quarter 75 -
each following account, per quarter 30 -
security charges, per quarter(ex. VAT)
Transaction charges:
information screen, per screen 0.35
payment order 0.50
№2
Dear Mr Stevens
Re: Summary of interest rates offer
For the convenience of yourcompany, we enclose the specifications of our
offer concerning a special deposit account (your letter, February 3).
Minimum € 250,000.00
amount :
Maximum € 2,500,000.00
amount :
Withdrawals : Two times per month in amounts of €
100,000.00 or exact multiples in favour of your
current account.
31
Deposits : On a daily basis in amounts of € 50,000.00 or
exact multiples at the expense of your current
account.
Interest: Standard Interbank Offered Rate minus 1.25%
paid monthly on the last working day of the
month in arrears.
(For February this year this would be 8.46%-
1.25% =7.21%)
33
UNIT II
COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE
Section A
CREDIT STATUS
Learn the words on the vocabulary list. Read the text to get acquainted
with the ways of obtaining information about the credit standing of a
potential partner.
Key terms
1. to make regular purchases осуществлять регулярные закупки
2. open account terms условия “открытый счет”
3. to book an order (a firm принимать заказ (твердый заказ)
contract)
4. to place an order with a разместить заказ на фирме
firm
5. the placing of the order размещение заказа
6. to request просить, запрашивать
as requested согласно просьбе
7. a request просьба, запрос
a request for open account просьба об оплате на условиях
terms «открытого счета»
a request for delay in просьба об отсрочке платежа
payment
8. to enquire; to inquire спрашивать, разузнавать
9. to make enquiries навести справки, запросить, сделать
(inquiries) запрос
10. reference ссылка, указание, рекомендация, отзыв
bank references банковские референции
11. to cite as reference ссылаться на кого-либо, цитировать
ссылку
12. credit standing/status кредитоспособность
13. to have your opinion узнать Ваше мнение
(evaluation)on / as to smth
14. financial standing финансовое положение
15. to treat in strict confidence рассматривать строго конфиденциально
16. to treat smth as рассматривать что-либо в качестве
confidential конфиденциального документа
34
17. to be prompt in doing своевременно исполнять
smth
18. to the extent of в пределах, до какой-либо степени
19. to keep within estimate не превышать (укладываться в) смету
20. to meet a deadline зд. выдерживать сроки
21. after sales services послепродажные услуги
22. a long established firm давно существующая фирма
23. of good standing хорошая репутация
24. up to standing на высоком уровне, в соответствии со
стандартом
25. up to expectations как и ожидалось, оправдать надежды
26. reservation зд. оговорка
27. a fair risk оправданный риск
28. to settle bills оплачивать по счетам
29. to testify to smth удостоверить что-либо
30. to have goods on credit to единовременная продажа товаров в
the extent of … at any one кредит на сумму …
time
Study Section
OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT—CREDIT STATUS
Any buyer who finds he is likely to make regular purchases from a
particular seller will almost certainly ask for open account terms, i.e. he
wishes to be supplied without payment for each order separately at time
of delivery. He may want to pay monthly or quarterly (i.e. 3-monthly). In
other words, he wants credit from his supplier just as his own customers
will probably want credit from him. Credit is the life-blood of trade.
Modern commerce has been built up on it and it has in recent years
penetrated to the retail buyer to such an extent that today many people
spend half their income on credit buying, and large credit finance com-
panies have sprung up to finance this kind of spending.
In international trade, credit is of even greater importance than in the
home trade, partly because of the timelag between the placing of the order
and delivery of the goods. It is not only buyers who intend to place
regular orders who will want credit terms, but also buyers who may want
to place a single—but very large—order. Very often the banks will cover
the credits required. In the present chapter we shall deal only with credit
given by the seller himself.
35
Let us suppose a seller has received a request for account terms. The
seller needs to know immediately what kind of reputation the buyer has,
the approximate size of his business, how he pays his accounts and even
something about his trade activities, before the seller can calculate how
much credit he can grant. This level of credit is called credit standing or
credit status.
The seller can obtain information from (a) references given by the
buyer, (b) his bank, (c) various trade associations and (d) enquiry agen-
cies.
In writing letters asking for information of this kind, the writer must
remember that the whole matter is confidential and that in the cases of (b)
and (c), the giving of information is a favour on the part of the givers.
Letters should therefore be polite and appreciative and should give
assurance of confidential treatment.
Practice Section
38
6. Favourable reply from a bank to letter № 3
Dear Sirs
With reference to your enquiry of ... concerning the firm named on the
enclosed slip, we can advise you that they are old established dealers of
the highest repute and standing, and are considered safe for the credit you
mention.
This information is for your own use only and is given without
responsibility.
Yours faithfully
39
9. Unfavourable reply from business reference
Dear Sirs
We regret we are unable to help you very much with regard to the firm
mentioned in your letter of...
It is true that we did business with them during the period 1998-99, but
the amount involved was not large and accounts were not always
satisfactorily kept.
This is, of course, in strict confidence.
Yours faithfully
Ex. III. Look back at the letters in ex. 2. State the major point of each
paragraph.
Letter 1
Northern Paperworks
Old Mill, Harwich, Lanes BL6 5JA
Your ref.: Our ref.: RW/jb
15 November 20…
Pelican Paper Ltd
College Court
College Road
London N21 3LL
Dear Sirs
Re: Wainman Ltd
The above-mentioned company has asked us to supply them on credit.
We would be very grateful for any comments that you may have from
your experience with this company. Any information that you supply will
40
be kept strictly confidential.
We thank you for your co-operation and look forward to hearing from
you.
Yours faithfully
Letter 2
Pelican Paper Ltd
College Court
College Road
London N21 3LL
Dear Sirs
Re: Wainman Ltd
Thank you for your letter dated 15 November, enquiring about the above-
mentioned company.
We have been dealing with this company for over six years. During this
time, they have always settled their accounts with us promptly and we
have never had any reason for complaint.
I hope that this information is of help to you.
Yours faithfully
…
N Lollerwicz
Ex. V. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary. You can
look back at the letters in ex. 2 and 3.
to refer … smb … information … … financial standing … one’s bank;
we are writing … you; to be grateful … you … information you can give
… us; to have a request … a firm … supplies … products … open
41
account terms; opinion … the ability to meet a liability; to be referred …
you … information … their credit standing; to take a fair risk … granting
…a £ 750 credit … respect … the first order and … … what amount;
replying … your letter … 14 September … Ref. № AB/a; … reference …
your enquiry … 2 November; the firm named … the enclosed list; to
supply smb … credit; to have reasons … complaint; an account … our
bank; to settle bills … time; to testify … the sound management; to be …
… the expectations; to be ignorant … … local conditions; to have goods
… credit … the extent … $ 10.000 … any one time possible.
Ex. VI. Translate the following parts of letters into Russian and replace
the underlined parts with synonyms.
42
Ex. VII. Open the brackets and put the verbs into appropriate forms.
1.
Dear Sirs
We (to contact) by Messrs N. who wish to place a large order for our
produce.
Even though this (to be) their first order from us, this firm (to ask) for 90
day credit.
N. (to give) us your name as a financial referee and we (to write) to you to
enquire whether we (to be justified) in extending to them the credit
facilities they (to request).
2.
Dear Sirs,
We (to acknowledge) receipt of your letter of…
N. (to enjoy) a solid reputation and (to establish) in the area since 1980.
Their account (to be) with our bank for 5 years and their bills always (to
settle) on time.
We (to think) that your client (to be justified) in working with them on the
basis they (to propose).
Ex. IX. Translate the following letters into English. State the major
point of each paragraph.
1.
КОНФИДЕНЦИАЛЬНО
Уважаемый господин,
Мы только что получили большой заказ от фирмы Н. За
информацией об их финансовом положении фирма направила нас к
своему банку Т.
Так как мы только недавно начали устанавливать деловые контакты
с фирмами в этой стране, мы пока плохо знаем местные условия.
Поэтому мы были бы Вам признательны, если бы Вы написали в
банк наших клиентов, запросив требуемую информацию. В
частности, мы хотели бы определить, рассматривается ли
финансовое положение этой фирмы как надежное, и будет ли
44
оправдан риск единовременной продажи этой фирме товаров в
кредит на сумму до ….
С уважением,
2.
Уважаемые господа,
Компания С., ссылаясь на Вас, предложила нам свои услуги.
Перед подписанием с ними твердого контракта мы бы хотели узнать
Ваше мнение по поводу качества выполняемых ими работ и
укладываются ли они в смету, а также выдерживают ли сроки
выполнения работ.
Мы были бы также благодарны, если Вы сообщите Ваше мнение по
поводу качества их послепродажных услуг.
Вы можете быть уверены, что Ваше мнение мы будем рассматривать
в качестве конфиденциального документа.
Искренне Ваш,
45
4. Неблагоприятный ответ банка
В ответ на Ваш запрос о положении компании М. Лтд.мы получили
из наших источников следующую информацию. Недавно компания
М. Лтд.перевела свои счета в новый банк и сменила название, под
которым она работает.
Мы не смогли получить достоверную информацию о деятельности
компании, начиная с начала прошлого финансового года.
Полагаем, что руководство компании М. Лтд.старается увеличить
оборот и закладывает небольшую маржу, и ее можно было бы
рассматривать как компанию с недостаточным капиталом.
Сожалеем, что нам не удалось получить более подробную
информацию, и рекомендуем Вам действовать осторожно. Это,
конечноже, конфиденциальнаяинформация.
С уважением,
Ex. X. Compose two letters (an enquiry and a reply) on the basis of
each of the following situations. Follow the usual way of writing letters of
this type.
1. An export firm has asked you to give reference for a foreign buyer
with whom you are doing business.
You are not completely satisfied with the buyer’s account. Answer the
enquiry.
2. An import-export bank has received a letter from an export firm
asking for information about a potential buyer.
The bank has got positive information about the buyer and forwards a
favourable reply.
46
Section B
OVERDUE ACCOUNTS
Learn the words on the vocabulary list. Read the text describing the
problems of collecting overdue accounts.
Key terms
1. outstanding account неоплаченный счет
2. overdue accounts просроченные счета
3. credit account счет с кредитовым сальдо; счет
пассива (баланса)
4. monthly account terms условия оплаты с платежом раз в
месяц
5. payment against statement платеж против выписки со счета в
within 30 days течение 30 дней
6. payment on invoice оплата против выставленных счетов
7. to get a concession получить скидку
8. through an oversight on по недосмотру со стороны кого-либо
smb’s part
9. to ask smb for an extra few попросить у кого-либо еще 3 недели / 2
weeks/a further 2 months месяца
10. to clear the current liability оплатить текущее обязательство
11. to settle in full within 6-8 произвести окончательный расчет в
weeks течение 6-8 недель
12. good record of settlement иметь хорошую репутацию по
урегулированию задолженностей
(оплата счетов)
13. in the course of a few days в течение нескольких дней
14. 17. in a fortnight’s time через две недели
15. to take immediate legal передать дело в суд
action
16. to recover the amount due взыскать сумму, причитающуюся нам
to us
17. to envisage предусматривать
18. bond fee оплата за хранение на базовом складе
19. a further delay in payment дополнительная рассрочка платежа
20. time limits предельный срок
21. your file ваше досье
47
22. to sue for damage привлечь к суду за убытки
23. collection fee комиссионный сбор
24. discrepancy расхождение, несоответствие
25. to query спрашивать, осведомляться
26. to clear the account to a привести счет в соответствие на более
more current date позднюю дату
Study Section
THE COLLECTION OF OVERDUE ACCOUNTS
There has probably never been a trading firm whose accounts
department has not had to spend a considerable amount of time in trying
to get customers to pay overdue accounts. In the home trade this is fairly
common, but in foreign trade it is fortunately less frequent, as sellers
usually insist on terms which secure payment, when dealing with custom-
ers they do not know. Accordingly the only risk comes from customers
with open accounts, and as these are normally buyers with a proven
reputation, this risk is small. However, it can and sometimes does happen
that an account is not paid when due. A buyer may run into a period of
bad trade and find himself temporarily short of money; he may have a
complaint about the goods sent; he may refuse to accept a bill of
exchange or delays and misunderstandings may be caused by customs
regulations in his country. A wise customer will inform his supplier of
any such situation and try to get some concession from him. If he does
not, and an account becomes overdue, the seller has the task of asking for
payment.
As in the home trade, it is usual to make the first request for payment
brief and polite. After all, the matter may be an oversight, and the simple
act of sending a copy of the account with a remark such as 'Overdue—
please settle' or 'Kindly remit' may be all that is necessary. Alternatively,
a cable or telex may be sent. This saves time, gives a sense of urgency to
the matter, and has in many cases proved effective.
If, however, a firm decides to send a letter requesting payment, the style
or tone of the letter will depend on the kind of customer for whom it is
intended; how long overdue; whether customer has previously allowed
accounts to become overdue; how valuable the business is, etc.
48
Practice Section
Ex. II. Study carefully the following letters and translate them into
Russian. Decide whom they are written by and identify the subject matter
of each letter. Make use of the wordings in the box.
customer asks for open account terms, supplier agrees to account terms,
error in totalling invoice, incorrect discount in statement, discrepancies in
statement, discrepancies, customer asks for monthly account terms,
supplier's reply to request for time to pay seller rejects discount request,
customer asks for time to pay
Letter 1
Dear Sirs
With reference to your invoice No. 21026 of July 3rd, we have to point
out that you have made an error in your total. We calculate the correct
figure at £237.14.6, not £247.14.6 as given by you.
Our cheque for the former amount is enclosed and we should be obliged if
you would amend the invoice or pass the necessary credit.
Yours faithfully
49
Letter 2
Dear Sirs
Your Statement of Account for the December quarter has been found in
order but we think you have made an error in the special discount shown.
In your letter of September 15th last you agreed to allow us 5% extra on
quarterly transactions exceeding £1,000 in value. The amount of the
statement in question is £1,106, but you have shown discount at only
2½%.
Will you kindly adjust this, after which we shall be pleased to pass the
account for payment.
Yours faithfully
Letter 3
Dear Sirs
We have received your statement for December 20... and must point out
certain discrepancies in your entries:
(1) Dec. 5th. You debit us £ 55.7.6 against Invoice No. 31752, but we
have no record of such an Invoice in our files, nor can we trace any
packing note for goods that might explain this item.
(2) Dec. 19th. Invoice No. 32101 for £ 31.10.0. This item is charged
twice; as you will see, you have made a similar debit dated Dec. 29th.
(3) Your final entry is 10/6 carriage added to your entry for Invoice No.
33711. We take it that this charge is made because the order in question is
under £10 in value. While agreeing that you are entitled to make this
charge, we think that the volume of business done with you in December
should warrant a free delivery in this case.
Will you please let us have your comments.
Yours faithfully
51
VARYING THE TERMS OF PAYMENT
Letter 6
Dear Sirs
Today we have arranged payment of your invoice no. 162 for goods
received on 24 April.
The material arrived in good condition and has now been sold.
As we have now done business with you for a year on the basis of
payment on invoice, we would like to ask you to grant us open account
terms, with quarterly settlement. Our two other main suppliers, Messrs. ...
and ..., have recently agreed to supply us on these terms.
Yours faithfully
Letter 7
We have now been doing business with you for nearly a year and are
pleased to say that we are more than satisfied with the goods you have
supplied. In the coming year we will probably place regular orders with
you and our present method of payment by letter of credit will become
inconvenient. We would also find a short credit of advantage to our
trading capacity.
We would therefore like you to supply us on monthly account terms,
payment against statement within 30 days. You may refer to Messrs. ...
and Messrs. ..., with whom we have credit accounts.
52
EXTENSION OF CREDIT
Letter 9
Dear Sirs
We thank you for your letter of ... containing quarterly statement and your
sight Bill for the amount of £….
As you know, we have always accepted your drafts immediately and
regret very much that we are now compelled to ask you if you will draw
on us at 60 d/s for this present account. The cause of our temporary
difficulty is that most of our regular customers have suffered a failure of
their early fruit crop and have had to postpone payment of their debts to
us.
You may rely on us to meet your draft on presentation, if you will grant
us this concession.
Yours faithfully
Ex. III. Look through letters 2-5 once again. Get ready to make
dialogues between customers and suppliers on the basis of the situation.
53
Ex. IV. Familiarise yourself with the possible ways of approaching
clients with overdue accounts. Make sure you understand the tactics. Be
ready to explain the reasons behind suggested line of letters.
54
A FIRST REMINDER TO A NEW CREDIT ACCOUNT
CUSTOMER
Under our agreement, payment for individual orders sent to you is due 2
months from date of invoice.
The consignment of watch springs sent you by air freight on 15 June was
invoiced to you on 16 June and payment was accordingly due on 16
August.
No doubt it is through an oversight on your part that settlement is now 3
weeks overdue and we look forward to receiving your remittance in the
course of a few days.
May we ask you for prompt clearance of all invoiced accounts, as we can
only supply at our agreed prices if this is done.
If the seller does not receive a reply to his first request within a
reasonable period, he will normally send a second and even a third letter
before taking action through legal channels to obtain the money due to
him. Just how many such letters should be sent and what tone to adopt in
their phrasing will depend on individual circumstances.
55
HERE ARE SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR A SECOND REMINDER
[1] We regret very much that you have not replied to our letter of... asking
you to clear the amount of £ ... outstanding against invoice no. 000.
Kindly inform us if there are any reasonable grounds for your non-
payment, or alternatively advise us of what arrangements you are making
for settlement.
[2] On 1 April we sent you our statement showing a balance due of £...
This sum should have been paid by 30 April, but, receiving no remittance,
we wrote to you again on 25 May, enclosing a copy of the statement. As
we are still without any reply from you, we regret to say that we must
hold your order no. 1111 until we have your payment or an explanation of
your delay in replying to our letters.
[3] No reply appears to have been received to our letter of ... asking for
clearance of the balance of your account. We are quite sure that you have
some good reason for your failure to pay this sum within the agreed time,
but regret very much that you have not informed us of it. Whatever the
reason, however, we must remind you that our terms are 30 days net. We
expect your reply by telex or cable.
[4] Since sending you a reminder on 31 October, we have not pressed you
for settlement of our September statement because on the whole your
payments have been satisfactory since we granted you open account
terms. Please do not make it necessary for us to revise our terms of
business by withholding payment any longer. We look forward to
receiving your immediate draft.
[5] When we placed you on open account terms it was agreed between us
that settlement would be made within 30 days of date of statement. Your
payments have not always been made in accordance with our agreement
and your present balance of £215.18 is now a month overdue. It is
impossible for us to continue supplying you unless you meet your
obligations promptly and we now have to ask you to confirm by cable that
you have arranged for payment.
56
[6] The third letter—which for our purposes is the final demand—has to
show that the writer cannot and will not wait any longer for his money
and that he now intends to take action to enforce payment. He may turn
for assistance to a bank, a debt-collecting agency, a trade association, or a
solicitor: it depends on the circumstances of the case in question.
Dear Sirs
Our letters KP/1-KP/2 of...
All our attempts to induce you to clear your indebtedness to us have been
ignored, and we are quite unable to understand why you have not even
replied to our letters. We think we have shown reasonable patience and
consideration, but we can do so no longer and must now reluctantly take
steps to obtain payment at law. As you must yourselves appreciate, your
own credit and reputation are certain to suffer by our action, but we regret
that there is no alternative. If, however, you make an immediate payment
to ... Bank of the full amount due, we will suspend action against you.
Yours faithfully
57
Ex. V. Fill in the blanks with the words given in boxes. Note: in these
examples the words debit, credit, balance, charge can be used both as
nouns and verbs.
account, debit, credit, balance
1. Please … us with this amount.
2. Kindly place these funds to the … of our … .
3. Your … is £ 100 in … .
4. There is now a … … of £ 100.
5. This payment … our … to date.
6. There is an outstanding … of £ 100.
7. There is a … of £ 100 to your … .
8. Please apply these funds to clear our …, and carry the … forward to
20... .
58
Ex. VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary. You can
look back at the letters in ex. 2,3.
1. Please draw … us … the amount of your invoice and attach the
documents listed below … your drafts.
2. We agree to accept the goods … 3 shipments and you may draw ...
us … 90 days … date … dispatch … the case … each shipment.
3. Kindly send … 2 bills … lading … separate posts, together ..your
draft … 60 days … acceptance.
4. Your request … open account terms has been considered and we are
pleased to grant this facility. We would, however, prefer to draw a sight
bill … you quarterly … favour … The Export Bank, and we hope this will
be agreeable … you.
5. We are pleased to confirm that each shipment will be separately
charged and that we draw … you … advice for the invoice amounts.
6. I am very sorry to say that I find myself unable to meet this bill, due
… 1 December, and accept £ 300 cash and draw a further bill … me … 2
months … the balance … £ 150 plus interest … 6%, I would be most
grateful … you and guarantee to honour it … presentation.
7. Your draft … us … £250 … favour … J.J. Brown has been
accepted, but will you please note that such draft should be advised …
future.
Ex. VII. Open the brackets and put the verbs into appropriate forms.
Dear Sirs
Your quarterly statement (to reach) us yesterday and (to find) correct.
As you know, we always (to settle) your account promptly and (to regret)
very much that we now (to find) it necessary to ask you for an extra few
weeks in which to clear the current liability.
Our difficulties (to be) temporary and (to cause) by the failure of the early
fruit crop here, on which many of our customers (to be) dependent. We
(to be) confident of being able to settle in full within 6-8 weeks.
We (to appreciate) it as a helpful gesture if you could grant us this
concession.
Yours faithfully
59
Dear Sirs
We regret that you (to have to remind) us of your account which (to be)
due for payment on the 31st of July. It (to be) our intention to clear this
before now, but the seasonal trade depression here (to result) in extremely
slow payment of our own customers' accounts.This (to cause) us
temporary embarrassment.
The sum of £ ... today (to send) to you by Bank draft, and we (to ask) you
to accept this on, account. A further sum (to follow) in 2-3 weeks and we
(to clear) the balance outstanding by the end of September.
We are very sorry to keep you waiting, but hope you will realise that we
are (to do) our best under difficult circumstances.
Yours faithfully
2.
К большому нашему удивлению наша тратта, выписанная на Вас
от _____ (даты) с платежом _____ (числа), была возвращена Вашим
Банком неоплаченной. В последнем письме Вы нас заверяете, что
платеж обязательно будет сделан в период ... через _____ (банк).
Мы просим наш банк вновь представить вексель к платежу, но
пока мы считаем, что Вы должны дать объяснения.
3.
Благодарим Вас за Ваше письмо, касающееся неоплаченного
векселя.
Как Вы знаете, нашей политикой всегда было вовремя платить по
счетам. Мы очень сожалеем, что внезапные затруднения с
получением кредита, возникшие в последнюю минуту из-за новых
местных запретов на экспортные кредиты, не позволили нам в
полном объеме оплатить по Вашей тратте. Мы вынуждены просить
Вас предоставить нам дополнительно 30 дней для получения
необходимого разрешения для проведения платежей за границу в
61
суммах, превышающих 1 000 000 песет.
Направляем Вам перевод на 50% суммы Вашего счета и надеемся,
что Вы выставите на нас тратту с платежом остатка суммы через 30
дней.
Будем признательны за Ваше понимание.
4.
Уважаемые господа,
В ответ на Ваше письмо мы, к сожалению, должны Вам сообщить,
что мы не можем предоставлять Вам далее кредит.
Если Вы не произведете платеж в обусловленный период, мы
будем вынуждены передать этот вопрос в наш юридический отдел.
5.
Уважаемые господа,
Как Вы знаете, мы всегда считали для себя обязательным платить
вовремя по счетам. Но ущерб, причиненный пожаром на наших
складах в Ля-рошели, создал серьезные проблемы с наличными
средствами.
Мы были бы признательны, если бы Вы предоставили нам
дополнительную рассрочку платежа в 60 дней.
6.
Уважаемые господа,
После некоторой задержки мы, наконец, смогли организовать
отгрузку Вашего заказа на судне, которое отходит через 7 дней,
считая с сегодняшней даты.
Судно заходит в Триполи и Бейрут и может выгрузиться в любом
из этих портов.
Однако, учитывая изменение нашего соглашения, мы были бы
признательны, если бы Вы оплатили по предъявлении отгрузочных
документов.
62
Ex. X. Compose the letters on the basis of the following situations.
1. Your firm has received a quarterly statement containing an item of
which you have no record. Write a letter asking for explanations.
2. Your firm has a foreign customer whose business they value highly:
the customer usually settles his account by banker’s draft, but has failed
to pay the latest account and has not given your firm any explanation;
payment is now 6 weeks overdue. Write a tactful letter.
3. Send a suitable letter to an overseas buyer of your firm’s products, in
which you express your firm’s total dissatisfaction with the manner in
which he is settling his accounts. Earlier letters have been ignored by the
buyer.
63
UNIT III
BANKING CORRESPONDENCE
Section A
PAYMENTS IN FOREIGN TRADE
Learn the words on the vocabulary list. Familiarise yourselves with the
methods of payment in foreign trade and financial instruments used by
exporters and importers.
Key terms
1. bill of exchange переводной вексель
2. draft тратта
3. banker’s draft/bank draft банковская тратта / банковский вексель
4. banker’s transfer банковский перевод
5. payment order платежное поручение
6. collection инкассо
7. letter of credit аккредитив
8. adverse foreign exchange неблагоприятное движение валютных
rate movements курсов
9. to authenticate удостоверять, засвидетельствовать
подлинность
10. to reimburse возвращать, возмещать, рамбурсировать
11. method of метод рамбурсирования
reimbursement
12. authorisation разрешение, наделение правами
13. terms of settlement условия платежей по заказам из-за
(payment) of foreign границы
exchange for orders from
abroad
14. within 30 days of в течение 30 дней после получения
receipt of statement выписки
15. to make up an order подготовить заказ к исполнению
16. to await dispatching ждать инструкций об отгрузке
instructions
17. to make arrangements принять меры для осуществления
for payment платежа
18. to open a credit for … открыть аккредитив на сумму … в чью-
in smb’s favour либо пользу
64
19. valid until со сроком действия до …
20. to accept a draft at 180 акцептовать тратту с платежом через 180
days after date for the дней на суммы счета
amount of invoice
21. interest at 9% p.a. исходя из 9% годовых
22. a forwarding agent экспедитор
23. FOB Marseilles поставка на условиях ФОБ Марсель
24. to grant smb open предоставить в качестве условий платежа
account terms with открытый счет с платежами один раз в
quarterly settlement квартал
25. settlement by draft at 30 оплата траттой через 30 дней,
days, domiciled at the XJZ домицилированной через банк XJZ
Bank
26. the overall cost of транспортно-экспедиторские расходы
forwarding
27. packing expenses расходы по упаковке
28. for shipping and duties с оплатой Вами доставки и таможенных
расходов
29. a bank draft for the банковский вексель на цену инструмента
price of the instrument
30. Air Freight Collect оплата получателем авиаперевозки по
прибытии
31. a life endowment policy полис страхования жизни
Study Section
Paying for goods supplied in the home trade is a fairly simple matter.
Payment is made either in advance or within a reasonably short period
after delivery. There is little time lost in correspondence and in delivery,
as a result of which most suppliers can afford to give the required short
credit of one month usual in home trading.
Payment follows by cheque or draft, and the whole transaction is
speedily concluded. If a buyer fails to pay, legal action is reasonably
quick and payment can be enforced. Even so, the granting of credit entails
its own problems, and as modern trade depends on credit, this always
needs careful handling. These problems are magnified many times in
foreign trade.
Delivery generally takes longer and payment for goods correspondingly
can take more time. So exporters need to take extra care in ensuring that
65
prospective customers are reliable payers and that payment is received as
quickly as possible.
Payment for exports depends on the conditions outlined in the
commercial contract with an overseas buyer.
The way exporters choose to be paid depends on a number of factors:
the usual contract terms adopted in an overseas buyer's country; what
competitors may be offering; how quickly funds are needed; the life of
the product; market and exchange regulations; the availability of foreign
currency to the buyer; and, of course, whether the cost of any credit can
be afforded by the buyer or the exporter.
It is here that banks play a vital part. Their services to exporters and
importers include:
1. Handling of shipping documents.
2. Collection of payments.
3. Observance of buyers' conditions of purchase.
4. Discounting bills of exchange.
5. Loans to exporters.
6. Acting as agents for foreign banks and their customers.
By means of these services banks not only see to it that justice is done
to both buyer and seller, but that the timelag between order and delivery
is overcome without loss to either party. These services have to be paid
for, but are not expensive and are almost indispensable—the bank comes
into every transaction at some stage or another.
Payments in foreign trade may be made by:
1. Cheque.
2. Banker’s draft.
3. Banker's transfer.
4. Bill of exchange.
5. Letter of credit.
Also, as in the home trade, payment may be made:
(a) in advance;
(b) on open account.
CHEQUE
Accepting a cheque from an overseas buyer is a simple way of
obtaining payment but is not always entirely satisfactory. Banks normally
publish a scale of charges, for clearing foreign cheques and, unless these
charges are specifically covered within the terms of the export contract,
they will be borne by the exporter. Proceeds can be credited to a foreign
currency account and it may be possible for the bank to indicate on which
day value will he applied to the account. It should however be born in
mind that the bank will retain the right of recourse to the exporter should
non-payment of the cheque subsequently occur.
In some cases it is necessary to clear foreign cheques on a collection
basis, particularly if special advice of payment or non-payment is
required. In such cases, cheques are sent directly to the drawee’s bank
rather than through centralised clearing arrangements and receipt of
proceeds and/or the advice may be delayed. In addition, the drawee bank
may levy its own charges, which will be passed back to the exporter.
BANKER’S DRAFT
Payment can be received by a banker’s draft in national or foreign
currency. An importer's bank issues and sells to the importer a draft in
favour of the exporter which is drawn on a correspondent bank in the
exporter’s country. The importer posts the draft to the exporter.
Unnecessary payment delays, particularly on high-value contracts, can
have a severe effect on an exporter's cash flow. Equally, if payment is to
be received in foreign currency, then adverse foreign exchange rate
movements can badly affect profitability. It is therefore most important
that the exporter consults his bank who should have specialists available
to advise on the most efficient and cost-effective methods of receiving
payment.
67
THE BANKER'S TRANSFER
This is a simple transference of money from the bank account of a
buyer in his own country to the bank account of the seller in the seller's
country. It is merely necessary for the buyer or a debtor to send a letter of
instruction to his bank—or use a special form. The transfer is carried out
at current rates of exchange. Such transfers are, of course, subject to any
exchange control regulations of the countries concerned. This transaction
is simple and quick and can be speeded up by cabled instructions if
desired.
If telegraphed, a bank transfer is known as a telegraphic transfer, and, if
mailed, as a mail transfer. Here is a diagram of a bank transfer:
68
The Home Bank forwards the Paying Bank a payment order so that the
beneficiary can obtain the funds. The way of covering (reimbursing) this
order is indicated in the payment order. If the reimbursement is credited
to the Paying Bank's account with the Home Bank, the latter forwards a
credit-advice to the Paying Bank. The debiting of the Home Bank's
account with the Paying Bank is permitted by "authorization" sent by the
Home Bank. That is all true if the Home Bank and the Paying Bank
maintain accounts with each other. Should it be otherwise a bank transfer
is made through a third correspondent bank.
To avoid possible exposure and misusage mail transfers are signed by
authorized persons and telegraphic transfers are tested.
69
An important feature of the bill of exchange is that it is negotiable,
which means that it can be used by the holder to pay debts of his own, or
in other words, he can negotiate it. To do this, the holder must endorse it,
i.e. sign his name on the back of the bill before passing it on to the new
holder.
Other ways in which the holder can use a bill are:
1. Sell it to a bank, who will pay face value, less interest: this is called
discounting a bill.
2. Leave it with a bank as security for a loan.
It is this free negotiability of the bill, which makes it a practical means
of payment in foreign trade. Of course, its successful operation depends
on confidence and trust. Each individual firm's standing and reputation is
known and taken into account in handling bills.
The advantages of the bill will be clear to a student who understands
something of modern commerce; perhaps the two chief assets are: (a) it
simplifies the financing of export and import trade; (b) it saves innumer-
able individual money transactions, or movements of currency.
Failure to meet a bill on the due date would result in total discredit for
the drawee, and legal action can follow. An unpaid bill is said to be
dishonoured, and the drawer can protest it, which clears the way for him
to prosecute (i.e. take legal action against) the drawee.
70
Practice Section
Ex. II. Match the terms with their definitions and expand on each item
using the information of the text.
Ex. III. Familiarise yourself with the following letters and identify:
1. the parties involved
2. methods of payment
3. financial instruments used
4. the reasons for writing
71
[1] Thank you for your inquiry. Please find below our usual terms
of settlement of foreign orders.
The usual method of payment is by banker's transfer within 30 days of
receipt of statement. When we receive confirmation of credit transfer
from your bank we will make up your order immediately while awaiting
despatching instructions from your agent.
We are sure you will be satisfied with the quality of our goods and
services.
[2] As we have now done business with you for over a year on the
basis of payment on invoice we would like to ask you to grant us open
account terms with quarterly settlements.
Our other main suppliers in your country have already agreed to trade
with us on these terms.
We hope you will be willing to comply with our request.
[6]
Dear Mr. Thomas
I have given your letter careful consideration and agree to grant you an
overdraft of £1.000 available till 1 August 20.... subject to the usual
provison that there is no change in the position as at present existing.
Will you please therefore let me have the securities mentioned in your
letter; it will be in order for you meanwhile to anticipate the overdraft.
Interest will be charged at 11 % and will be calculated on the daily
balances. I rely on you to clear the outstanding balance by 1 August, and I
trust you will be successful in expanding your trade.
Yours sincerely
O.LROSE
Manager
73
Ex. IV. Give the English equivalents to the following word
combinations and phrases.
1. Благодарим Вас за Ваш запрос …
2. Ниже мы приводим …
3. Ждать инструкций …
4. Мы рады подтвердить …
5. К нашей тратте, пожалуйста, приложите следующие
документы: …
6. Другие наши основные поставщики …
7. Надеемся получить Ваш положительный ответ на нашу просьбу
…
8. В ответ на Ваше письмо от 12 июня мы хотим подтвердить, что
…
9. К сожалению, должны Вам сообщить …
10. Если Вам нужна дополнительная информация …
Ex. VI. Compose the letters on the basis of the following situations.
1. Write a letter for your firm, an importer of consumer goods, to a
foreign manufacturer from whom you wish to buy on quarterly account
terms (with quarterly statements by B/E). Give details of your firm and
your requirements, and offer references.
75
Section B
CHEQUES
BANKER’S DRAFTS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
Key terms
1. acceptance принятие, акцепт тратты
2. to accept the draft on smb’s акцептовать тратту от чьего-либо
behalf имени
3. non-acceptance непринятие, отказ от акцепта
4. annual drafts тратты, сроком к платежу
ежегодно
5. aval авалировать, дать гарантийную
надпись
6. caution notice предупреждение
7. usance draft тратта с установленным сроком
платежа
8. to draw on smb at 2 months получить от Вас через 2 месяца
for … in respect of сумму …, относящуюся к
9. to hand the documents to передать, вручить документы
smb кого-либо
10. to meet the draft at maturity Оплатить тратту по наступлении
to the debit of the account срока платежа и дебетовать счет
11. to stop payment until further прекратить платеж до
notice поступления дальнейших
инструкций
12. charge(s) плата, издержки, комиссионные
13. commission комиссионные
14. due причитающийся
15. the draft matures at
срок оплаты по тратте
the draft is due for payment
наступает
the maturity of the draft is
16. the face value of the draft чистая сумма тратты (без
процентов)
17. to hold in custody держать в сохранности
18. payment on deferred basis платеж с отсрочкой
19. under cover of our letter при нашем письме
20. inadvertence недоразумение, ошибка
by unhappy inadvertence по печальному недоразумению
76
21. notice уведомление
22. unfit непригодный
23. unfit condition непригодное состояние
24. captioned draft тратта, о которой идет речь
25. circular letter циркулярное письмо
(директивное)
26. compel принуждать
27. endeavour пытаться
28. slip 1. бланк (в виде узкой полоски)
2. корешок чека
Practice Section
Ex. I. Familiarise yourself with the Bills of Exchange. Make sure you
understand the information they carry and be ready to reconstruct the past
and future steps of these transactions.
77
Ex. II. Study carefully the following extracts from correspondence
between clients and their banks and identify:
1. the parties involved
2. the terms of the transactions (methods of payment)
3. the documents to be presented
4. the reason for writing
1.
We are again compelled to apply to you regarding cheque № 189766 for
the amount of $180 sent to you for collection and remaining unpaid
according to our records.
78
2.
We have to ask you to stop payment of our cheque № … drawn on 23
September in favour of J. Bros., until further notice.
3.
May 27, 20…
Moscow Narodny Bank Ltd.,
London
4.
Re: Cheque № … of…
for…
Dear Sirs,
Hereby we bring to your notice that under cover of the letter of
March 23, we sent you a copy of the letter of Bank N of January 24, and
asked you to verify when the amount of … under cheque № … was
credited to our account with you. However, we have not yet received any
reply.
We ask you to advise us when the sum was credited to our account.
Yours faithfully
79
5.
December 20…
To our Correspondents
Dear Sirs,
Re: Issuance of cheques
As you have noticed, quite a number of banks in this country and
abroad – in order to save work and expenses – discontinued sending
advices for their drawings. With this circular we wish to inform you that
as from 1 January 20… we shall also adhere to this new practice.
Consequently, you will not be advised any more of cheques which we
draw on your bank and hope that you will not object to this form of
proceeding.
On the other hand, we leave it up to you whether or not you want to
continue sending us advices of your drawings on us. Regardless of how
you might decide in this respect we shall with the beginning of the new
year debit your account for the countervalue, only on the date when the
respective cheque has already been cashed. This way of accounting will
also be followed in case you should keep sending us an advice for every
cheque issued.
Yours faithfully,
Commercial Bank of Zurich
6.
Messrs I. & A. Jotham of 53 High Street, Liverpool, have asked us to
draw on you at 2 months for S.Fr. 50,200 in respect of a shipment of
textiles as per invoice attached. Our draft for this amount is enclosed
together with the shipment documents. Will you please accept the draft
and return it to us, at the same time handing the documents to Messrs
Jotham.
80
7.
The following drafts will shortly be presented to you by foreign
drawers. Please accept them on my behalf and meet them at maturity to
the debit of my № 2 account. Your charges are for the account of the
drawers.
8.
April 25, 20…
Bank for Foreign Trade
Moscow
Dear Sirs,
Re: your draft for…
We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated March 12, 20… regarding
the accepted draft for the amount of … due for payment on March 4
returned to us under cover of your letter dated December 21, 20…
We regret to inform you that this draft was by unhappy inadvertence
brought into unfit condition at our office.
We would ask you kindly to contact your clients and request them to
pay the amount shown above without the presentation of the draft.
We hereby guarantee that under no circumstances would either our
clients or we apply again to your principals regarding the payment of the
amount of the draft.
Yours faithfully
9.
September 24, 20…
Gentlemen,
Caution Notice
Re: draft № 2156 for the amount of the US $ 9273, dated 13, 20…
drawn by the Bank of Tokyo Ltd., London on the Bank of Tokyo,
New York in favour of M. U.I.
We have been reported by our London Office that the captioned draft has
been lost.
Payment therefore has consequently been stopped and you are hereby
81
cautioned against negotiating same. If it is presented to you, you are
requested to refrain from negotiating same and take it into custody under
immediate advice to our London Office.
We shall appreciate your advising your office concerned of this effect.
Yours faithfully
Ex. III. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets and their
derivatives.
1. We propose … by Bill of Exchange at 30 d/s, documents against….
Please confirm if this is … to you. (pay, accept (2))
2. You may draw on our London agent, Messrs N at 60 d/s for the
amount of your invoice. Our agents have been instructed … and advised
of the terms of our agreement. (according)
3. We have received your letter and invoice dated 3 January and are
willing … your draft for the amount involved, … at 60 days’ sight.
(accept, pay)
4. In … with our terms of payment we have drawn on you at 30 days’
sight for the amount of the enclosed invoice. (according)
5. We apologise for our … … you that we had drawn on you. This was
… to a misunderstanding and we shall take care to avoid any recurrence.
(fail, advise, due)
6. Please note that we have domiciled the following … with you. Will
you kindly honour them at … date and advise us at the time of…. (accept,
due, pay)
7. Please … the bill for … and then discount it at the current rate, for the
credit of our account. (accept, pay)
8. Your draft for the shipment by S.S. Calcutta was presented yesterday
and … met. We should now like to ask you if you are willing … us in
future on 60 d/s, D/A terms, as other … in your country are already
allowing us this credit. (due, supply (2 times))
82
Ex. IV. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions and adverbs where
necessary.
1. Our acceptances will be honoured … our Bank … presentation.
2. Our banker … Hamburg, Die Handelsbank, will accept your draft …
them … our behalf.
3. Your proposal to pay … draft is acceptable … us and we shall …
draw … you … 2 month … date … shipment … your order.
4. … arranged, we are attaching our sight drafts … you … £ 310 … the
shipping documents and are handing … them … our bank … forwarding
… you.
5. Please note that all charges are … the account … the drawee.
6. Can you please make arrangements … a bank … in Berlin … the
payment … our European suppliers’ drafts … us? Your advice ... the
necessary formalities would be appreciated.
7. We enclose a sight draft … $ 10,000 … your order … the firm N.
Please make the following payments … our various American creditors
… this draft.
8. Kindly advise us … the amount … your charges, for inclusion … our
draft.
9. Please credit our № 2 account … the proceeds … deducting your
charges … advice … us.
10. Please note that we have duly remitted ... your account … Moscow
Narodny Bank Ltd., London the sum … £ 2400 being your commission
and postage … this draft.
83
3. Обращаем Ваше внимание на то, что до сих пор мы не получили
выручку по чеку № … на сумму …, посланному Вам при нашем
письме от 2 сего месяца.
84
10. Просим Вас заметить, что на одной из полученных от Вас тратт
не оказалось Вашего индоссо. Возвращаем тратты для исправления.
85
Section C
PAYMENT ORDER
Key terms
payment order
денежный перевод
transfer
remittance (чаще в пользу отдельного
лица)
money order (чаще почтовый)
1. client
customer Клиент
Principal
2. by order of по поручению
3. to contact
to approach
smb обращаться к кому-либо
to communicate with
to apply to
4. to investigate the matter
разобраться в этом
to look into the matter
вопросе, расследовать,
to review the matter
проверить
to reconcile the matter
5. to regret the inconvenience
просим извинить нас за
caused
причиненное беспокойство
to apologise for the trouble caused
6. to define smth определить что-либо
7. to identify smb or smth определить личность кого-
либо, идентифицировать
что-либо
8. to apply the sum определить
принадлежность суммы
9. by error, erroneously по ошибке, ошибочно
10. by oversight по недосмотру
11. by inadvertence, inadvertently по недоразумению
12. to have smth in one’s
disposition иметь в своем
to be in possession распоряжении
to have smth at one’s disposal
13. to refund the sum вернуть деньги
14. to return the documents вернуть документы
86
15. to leave without execution оставить без исполнения
16. in due time, duly своевременно
17. instant сего месяца
18. ultimo прошлого месяца
19. proximo следующего месяца
20. to go astray затеряться
21. to come to hand обнаружиться
22. to take precautions принять меры
предосторожности
23. on the strength of this letter на основании (в силу)
этого письма
24. to reverse (the entries) исправлять, сторнировать
(проводки)
Practice Section
Ex. I. Familiarise yourself with the payment order sent by telex and the
letter sent in reply to it. Make sure you understand the process and be
ready to reconstruct all the steps of this transaction.
87
Payment Order (TELEX)
SEK 10582—01
BENEFICIARY DETAILS OF PAYMENT...
EXPORT-IMPORT COMPANY
… STR5
MOSCOW
TO THEIR ACCOUNT WITH
BANK FOR FOREIGN ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
ACCOUNT №...
BY ORDER OF...
REIMBURSEMENT
PLEASE ADVISE US HOW YOU WISH
TO RECEIVE COVER
88
Reply to Payment Order (LETTER)
Westland Bank Ltd.
March 20, 20...
Dear Sirs,
Re: your Payment Order №...
Ex. II. Fill in the form of the payment order on the basis of the
information given below:
Remitter: Messrs Brown & Co., London
Home Bank: Westland Bank, London
Correspondent Bank: Moscow Narodny Bank LTD
Paying Bank: Russian Bank for Foreign Trade
Beneficiary: Export Metal Company
Date:
Sum: … (difference between the weight indicated in the invoice and the
weight of goods actually unloaded)
Cover:
89
MOSCOW NARODNY BANK LIMITED
Moscow London
Russia
DATE: Principal’s
ADVICE NO: reference:
PAYMENT ORDER/CREDIT ADVICE
PLEASE PAY TO:
For account of, or payment to, under advice:
By order of:
Details of payment:
We have CREDITED your … current account no. …
We ENCLOSE cheque/payment no. …
Please DEBIT our account.
We have CREDITED your account with …
by cable/airmail
THE SUM OF
90
Ex. III. Study the payment order given below and compose a possible
reply in a form of a letter and in a form of a telex.
Dear Sirs,
Re: payment order № 23
By order of our clients we ask you to pay to the firm S., New York,
the amount of
$ 1,500 (dollars one thousand five hundred)
covering 1000 kilos of goods and to debit our account with you with the
above amount under advice to us.
We would ask you to obtain the receipt of the payee and to forward
same to us.
Yours truly.
Ex. IV. Translate the following letters from English into Russian. Identify
the subject matter of each letter and the parties involved.
1.
Re: your payment order
dated … for £…
by order of Messrs N.
Dear Sirs,
We enclose a letter received from the beneficiaries requesting further
details of the above transfer.
Please pass on this message to the remitters instructing them to reply
direct to the firm regarding this matter.
91
2.
Re: Our remittance of Oct. 17
in favour of Messrs N.
for $…
Dear Sirs,
We refer to our above (mentioned) remittance and ask you to inform us of
the payment day of this amount to the beneficiary. In case our remittance
remains unpaid we ask you to return it to us under advice.
3.
Re: our Credit advice dated … for…
Dear Sirs,
We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated 5th instant requesting details
of the item for £…
These funds are in respect of vessel:…
We trust this information will enable you to apply this amount.
Yours faithfully,
4.
Re: our remittance for…
In f/o M.
Dear Sirs,
We refer to our letter dated 27th November and to your subsequent
reply of Dec. 5.
The remitters are inquiring as to when you advised the payee of the
receipt of the funds, which we credited to your account on Sept. 22, 20....
Could you please let us know.
With regards to the second, of … we have no details of this transfer
other than that the firm N. transferred this sum from … to be telexed to
your bank.
92
We are communicating with the firm through our correspondents in G.
Bank “N” asking to approach the firm for further details.
As soon as we hear from them, we shall not fail to inform you.
5.
Re: our mail transfer for £…
in f/o…
Dear Sirs,
We refer to our letter of April 22nd, 20… informing you that despite
your assurance contained in your letter of May 2nd that these funds were
credited to the beneficiaries’ account on the 1st February, it appears that
the beneficiaries are stating that these funds have not been received.
We have today been informed that the remitter has received no
further letters from the beneficiaries and is therefore in opinion that they
may still have not received the funds.
We would, therefore, again request you to advise the beneficiaries
that these funds have been credited to their account and confirm to us that
you have taken this action.
Yours faithfully,
6.
Re: our Payment Order №…
for US $…
Beneficiary:
Dear Sirs,
According to the information obtained from our principals, the
beneficiary claims not to have received the above-mentioned payment.
We would, therefore, ask you kindly to investigate the matter and to let us
know on what date the amount was paid to the beneficiary. In the event of
your not having made the payment please act on the strength of this letter,
avoiding duplication.
We look forward to hearing from you.
93
7.
Re: Your payment order №
March 11 in favour … for
the sum of US $…
Gentlemen,
We wish to draw your attention to our advice of debit dated March 13
stating that your account in our bank has been debited with Can $ … in
execution of the above transfer.
In this connection it has now come to our attention that your transfer
had been intended to be paid in US funds, and that in reimbursement you
credited our account in your books.
We are therefore reversing our entries and are paying the amount of
US $… to Federal Company.
Please find enclosed our advice of credit in the amount of …
reversing our earlier debit.
We trust you have not been unduly inconvenienced and assure you of
our desire to be of service to you.
8.
Gentlemen,
We attach hereto a copy of a letter we wrote to you on June 8, and
have not been able to trace a reply.
As we are anxious to resolve the case in question we would
appreciate receiving a response as soon as possible to enable us to further
our investigation. However, it does occur to us that perhaps the absence
of a response stems from the fact that you have been able to resolve the
matter in the interim and therefore, in the event of our failing to receive a
reply from you by September 16, we will assume the above to be the case
and close our file on the matter.
We look forward to dealing with you.
Yours truly.
94
9.
April 29, 20…
Bank N.
Moscow
Dear Sirs,
Re: your 35 AE.
Kindly refer to your letter dated April 12 in connection with your
advice of credit of March 27, for $ 77.60 in favour of your clients on
instructions received from Trade Bank, New York.
After reviewing this matter we note that we did not indicate in our
advice that the funds were ordered by the firm A.
We trust that in view of the added information your principals would
be in a position to apply these funds.
Of course, we regret any inconvenience caused by our emission and
remain.
Yours very truly.
96
Ex. VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. В ответ на Ваше письмо от 28 сего месяца сообщаем Вам, что мы
своевременно известили получателя и просили его получить сумму,
о которой идет речь.
2. Просим подтвердить получение нашего платежного поручения №
324 на сумму € 500, высланного Вашему банку 3 прошлого месяца.
3. По получении Вашего платежного поручения, сумма $ 1236 была
кредитована счету получателя у нас.
4. Просим сообщить нам дату, когда наш счет у вас был дебетован
суммой, о которой идет речь.
5. Ввиду того, что до сего времени мы не получили Вашего
кредитового авизо, просим информировать нас о причине неуплаты.
6. В дополнение к нашему письму от 2 текущего месяца высылаем
Вам расписку получателя перевода в 3-х экземплярах.
7. Ссылаясь на вышеуказанный перевод на сумму …, сообщаем
Вам, что мы выплатили эту сумму нашему клиенту, с просьбой
подтвердить получение денег Вами непосредственно.
8. Просим Вас заметить, что сумма Вашего перевода была
возвращена Вам 15 прошлого месяца.
9. По поручению Банка Коммерчиале Итальяна, Рим, мы сегодня
кредитовали Ваш счет суммой € 24.560, которую просим Вас
уплатить Вашему клиенту наличными.
10. Так как мы не находим в наших записях Вашего перевода на
сумму £ 856, мы возвращаем Вам Ваше письмо от 7 сего месяца.
11. Сообщаем Вам, что в Вашем переводе от 10 мая на сумму $ 200
наименование получателя не было указано.
12. Так как сумма платежного поручения, о которой идет речь, уже
кредитована на счет нашего клиента, мы обратились к последнему с
просьбой подтвердить получение таковой Вами непосредственно.
13. Сообщаем, что мы, к сожалению, не находим в своих записях
получения Вашего авизо на сумму… .
14. Мы рады сообщить Вам, что Ваше поручение было
своевременно выполнено и деньги вручены получателю.
15. Ввиду вышеизложенного, Ваше платежное поручение осталось
невыполненным и сумма, о которой идет речь, будет Вам
возвращена.
97
Ex. VIII. Translate the following letters into English.
1.
Банку Н.
Кас. кредитового авизо на сумму $ 25.
2.
Ллойдс Банку
Лондон
Кас. Вашего кредитового авизо в пользу нашего клиента М.
98
4.
Уважаемые господа,
Кас. платежного поручения № 121
Ссылаясь на наше платежное поручение № 121 от 27 августа,
которым мы просим Вас выплатить фирме Н сумму … в покрытие
5000 кг товара, сообщаем, что до настоящего времени мы не
получили от Вашего банка подтверждения о выплате этой суммы.
Так как наши платежные поручения действительны 30 дней, и
неоплаченные поручения должны быть возвращены нам, то мы
просим Вас разобраться в этом деле и известить нас соответственно.
В ожидании Вашего ответа остаемся Ваши …
5.
Уважаемые господа!
Подтверждаем получение Вашего письма от 2 октября
относительно нашего дебетового авизо от 27 декабря. Мы приняли
во внимание Ваши замечания и просим Вас не обращать внимания
на наше дебетовое авизо, которое не должно было быть послано
Вам, а вернуть его нам.
Суважением …
Ex. IX. Compose the letters on the basis of the following situations.
1.
2.
Your clients informed you that the payment of the amount of £ 14042-
12 was made in their favour on February 24, 20… by the firm M.
Fisheries, Tema, through the bank N.
Unfortunately you can’t trace such a sum in your records. Your letter
sent to the bank N. in order to clear up the matter has remained without
reply. Send the second letter reminding the bank of the situation, express
your surprise with the fact that you have received no explanations. Ask to
look into the matter and inform you accordingly.
3.
The following letter arrived by the morning post at…. Study it closely and
compose a reply to it, confirming the receipt of the letter and informing of
the steps taken.
Bank…
Moscow
Sirs,
Re: our payment order dated May 27, 20…
by order of … for £ 25
With reference to our payment order for £ 25 dated May 27, 20…,
please note that this sum has been remitted to you by error.
We would ask you to kindly refund this sum as the like amount has
already been remitted to you on the May 20.
We consider it necessary to explain that it has been a mistake of one
of our employees, which we greatly regret and for which we apologise.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly
100
UNIT IV
AGENCY ARRANGEMENTS
Learn the words on the vocabulary list and read the following
introduction to the agency arrangements.
Key terms
1. agency arrangements установление корреспондентских
отношений
2. a correspondent bank банк - корреспондент
3. a depository банк - депозитарий
4. a depositor bank банк – владелец вклада, счета
5. to maintain a reciprocal держать счет в банке на взаимной
account with a bank основе
6. a cash letter сопроводительное письмо с
платежными инструкциями
7. to be in account with smb. иметь счет у кого-либо
8. to be domiciled in the UK иметь юридический адрес в
Великобритании
9. a list of authorized список лиц, уполномоченных
signatures подписывать платежные документы и
корреспонденцию от имени банка
10. an authenticator key ключ, идентифицирующий
отправителя в SWIFTе
11. a test key ключ, идентифицирующий
отправителя телекса
12. non interest bearing беспроцентный
13. a credit balance кредитовое сальдо
14. an entry проводка
15. a charter / statutes устав
16. to reiterate повторять
17. account maintenance ведениесчета
18. reconciliation выверка
19. in increments of увеличениена … сумму
20. to be remunerated at оплачивать, компенсировать
21. an investigation исследование, анализ
22. account parameters характеристикисчета
23. a hard copy печатная (документальная) копия
101
Study Section
The key element of international finance and trade is the correspondent
banking relationship. Banks usually maintain a number of correspondent
banking relationships.
Correspondent banks provide various services and charge fees for each
service. The services may include clearing checks, foreign exchange
trading, confirming and advising letters of credit, checking the credit of
local customers, purchasing and selling securities, and safekeeping
securities. Correspondent banks are agents or depositories in their
respective local markets.
The correspondent bank accepts all deposits in the form of cash letters
and collects items for its bank depositor. The depository bank will render
all banking services to its correspondent in the region in which it (the
depository bank) is located. The depositor bank is known also as a
correspondent of the depository bank, even if the latter maintains no
reciprocal account.
Practice Section
1.
19 May 20...
Dear Sirs,
2.
March 23.20...
Dear Sirs,
Please find below an outline of our International Correspondent
Banking Services, which will reiterate our general Terms and Conditions.
As you know, we have built an extensive banking business in Russia
and the Newly Independent States, which is now enhanced by local inter-
bank operations of ourMoscow subsidiary. By being a USD clearing
center for more than three hundred banks in Russia and other countries of
the former Soviet Union and by active participation in the local money
and capital markets, we have demonstrated our long-term commitment to
this area.
We are among the world's major dealers in foreign exchange, America's
largest trader in precious metals and the world's largest wholesaler of
banknotes. We have become the bank of account for over thirteen
hundred banks around the world, including many of the leading banks in
Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe.
Correspondent services are paramount among the three major activities
of Republic National Bank of New York, the other two being private
banking and trading. We are known throughout the banking world for our
technical accuracy and personalized efficiency in administering
transactions for correspondent banks. This allows us to offer you our
services on the most beneficial terms. In summary, these terms are:
104
Account maintenance : Free of charge
Statements
Daily SWIFT :Free of charge
Monthly mail :Free of charge
Inquiries / Investigations :Free of charge
Clearing fees (debited monthly) :$… per debit & $… per
credit
Call Account interest (credited : Based on Eurodollar bid
monthly) rate (E)
Call Account parameters : $… / $…
Let us re-emphasize that the above pricing is all-inclusive. In addition
to the low funds transfer fees, which can be re-negotiated, based on the
value of operations through your account, there are no charges for
investigations, amendments / cancellations, account maintenance, non-
conforming SWIFT items. And we supply you, free of charge, with the
daily SWIFT and monthly paper statements. Kindly note that our fully
descriptive statements eliminate the need for separately generated credit
advices.
As an alternative to the SWIFT statements, or complimentary to them,
we would like to recommend our cash management service, which will
enable you to produce a variety of statements by pulling information
directly from the M system.
If, in the course of reconciliation, you require additional details on
specific transactions, there is an Automated Customer Inquiry(ACI)
system at your disposal, which allows you to make inquiries into
transaction history files for items reported on your daily statement. A
short formatted message sent by you will generate an electronic response,
providing you with all the information available to us in M system. Our
ACI system is similar to what other banks may offer, except that, in line
with our relationship-based approach to our customers, we provide ACI
services, as well as other investigations, free of charge.
In relation to the parameters of your Managed Call Account, our fully
automated overnight investment system transfers all balances in excess of
$… in increments of $… to your call account. It allows you to earn
interest at Eurodollar-based rate (E) for amounts equal to or in excess of
USD … . Amounts ranging between USD … are remunerated at E less
1/8% and amounts smaller than USD … at E less 1/4%. Interest is
calculated daily and credited monthly, and we supply you with monthly
105
hard copy statements detailing daily amounts invested, rates applied and
interest earned.
In addition, below please find the description of the several areas of our
international treasury that may be of interest to you in your activities.
We are proud of our history of managing deposits which banks place with
our money desks around the world. Our Treasury operations in New
York, London and Singapore can accept your deposits in all the major
currencies, and others, upon request.
Should you wish to diversify your investments into other short-term
money instruments, our Institutional Investments Desks can offer you
European and domestic Certificates of Deposit, commercial paper and
bankers' acceptances. Maturities on these products range from overnight
to one year. Or we can offer you other asset management alternatives
tailored to your individual investment needs.
If you find interest in any of the above products, we will ask the
appropriate dealers to contact you. We hope that the confidence shown in
Republic National Bank by the financial community in the United States
and around the world can likewise gain the trust of your good institution.
We have also assisted a number of our correspondent banks in setting
up settlement accounts for VISA and MasterCard operations.
We would like to repeat that Republic National Bank of New York
specializes in highly automated and personalized correspondent banking,
which has positioned us as the primary bank of account for many banks in
the countries of the former Soviet Union. Your relationship will be
handled with efficiency and attention by a group of knowledgeable and
experienced account officers, whom you can always address in Russian.
We are taking this opportunity to encourage the development of a close
relationship between yourselves and our subsidiary in Moscow, which
should complement and further enhance our existing broad cooperation.
We appreciate the opportunity to handle your USD account at Republic
National Bank of New York and look forward to a long-lasting and
mutually beneficial relationship with your bank.
Sincerely,
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
106
Ex. II. Fill in the blanks with the given words and word combinations.
Translate the letter into Russian.
1) to apply to 4) duly
2) have assigned 5) by your order
3) correspondent account 6) disposal of
Ex. III. The following letter is a reply to a request from the commercial
bank N. Compose a letter of request on the part of the bank N.
THE BANK OF S.
"30" September 20...
Our ref. 10-1/
Ex. IV. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words and word
combinations.
To our correspondent banks
Ref.: Change of the Bank's name
Dear Colleagues,
… that the extraordinary meeting of shareholders of the institution
previously named “M” Bank has changed the name to “N” Bank.
The bank is situated in Moscow.
The telex address has not been altered.
Please also note that the previously issued List of the persons … to
sign … the Bank is not … any more. The new List will be made available
to you shortly.
Sincerely Yours,
108
Ex. V. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs. Make use of the
above letters for reference.
1) Further … your request dated … please note …
2) NatWest would be delighted to enter … direct correspondent
relationships with Bank “N” and would be pleased to open a
correspondent account … that name.
3) Interest will be charged … highest overnight LIBOR.
4) An account may be used for processing sterling payment … UK
beneficiaries … behalf … your customers.
5) The receipt of cheques drawn … any UK bank … favour … your
customers can be credited … your account.
6) Advise me … writing.
7) … receipt of the above, I will arrange … all the necessary account
opening formalities to be completed.
8) Unless the bank … question is … account … us or … the process …
opening such an account.
9) This allows us to offer you our services … the most beneficial terms.
10) And we supply you free of charge … the daily SWIFT and monthly
paper statements.
11) If you require additional details … specific transactions there is a ACI
system … your disposal which allows you to make inquiries …
transaction history files … items reported … your daily statement.
12) In line … our relation-based approach … our customers …
13) It allows you to earn interest … Eurodollar-based rate … amount
equal … or in excess … USD 5 million.
14) Maturities ... these products range ... overnight ... one year.
15) Other asset management alternatives tailored … your individual
investment needs.
16) We will ask the appropriate dealers to contact … you.
17) All terms and conditions apply … this special account.
18) This information is given as a matter of reference without any
obligation … the part of “C”.
19) The List of persons authorized to sign … behalf of the Bank will be
available.
20) Any disposal … this account will be effected … your order without
any participation of “C”.
109
Ex. VI. Translate the following sentences making use of the vocabulary
notes, a dictionary or ex. I of the given unit.
1) Стремясь улучшить качество обслуживания наших клиентов и
расширить круг предоставляемых услуг, мы рады обратиться к Вам с
предложением об открытии в банке Н корреспондентского счета в
рублях.
2) Наш банк готов обеспечить конкурентоспособные условия
ведения Вашего корреспондентского счета.
3) Ведение корреспондентских счетов осуществляется банком Н на
бескомиссионной основе.
4) В случае открытия корреспондентских счетов в валюте РФ
компания готова предложить свои услуги по размещению Ваших
свободных средств наMосковском межбанковском рынке.
5) В случае Вашей заинтересованности мы готовы представить
Вашему вниманию типовой проект договора об установлении
корреспондентских отношений, в котором детально оговаривается
порядок открытия и условия ведения рублевых счетов банков.
6) По нашему мнению, открытие Вашим банком такого счета могло
бы повысить эффективность Ваших расчетов, связанных с
проведением операций на Московской межбанковской валютной
бирже, одним из крупнейших операторов которой является банк Н, а
также ускорить коммерческие платежи Ваших клиентов по Москве и
московскому региону, одному из основных центров деловой
активности России.
АНКЕТА
Уважаемые коллеги, мы убедительно просим Вас ответить на
следующие вопросы.
112
11. Какие из предлагаемых банком М услуг нуждаются в
улучшении?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Ex. VIII. Translate the following letters into English. And write a reply
to them.
1.
Уважаемые господа,
Банк Н свидетельствует Вам свое почтение и желает Вашему
уважаемому банку успехов в банковском бизнесе.
Настоящим сообщаем, что очередная проверка использования
корреспондентских счетов в нашем банке показала отсутствие
операций по вашим счетам в течение года. В связи с этим и
учитывая, что для ведения корреспондентских счетов требуются
определенные затраты со стороны нашего банка, которые в данном
случае ничем не компенсируются, просим вас закрыть
корреспондентские счета:
№ _________/RUR,
№ _________/USD,
открытые на имя вашего банка в банке Н.
Надеемся, что закрытие корреспондентских счетов не отразится
на сотрудничестве между нашими банками по другим банковским
операциям.
С уважением,
Управление корреспондентских отношений
2.
Вниманию: Отдела корреспондентских отношений
Уважаемые господа,
АКБ "М" выражает Вам и Вашему уважаемому банку свое
почтение.
Мы ссылаемся на Ваше письмо, и хотели бы подтвердить свою
готовность рассмотреть вопрос об установлении корреспондентских
отношений с Вашим уважаемым банком с открытием
корреспондентских счетов в АКБ «М». Для открытия счетов мы
направляем Вам проекты «Соглашения о порядке открытия и
ведения счета банка-нерезидента в российских рублях»,
«Соглашения об установлении корреспондентских отношений и
порядке ведения корреспондентских счетов в иностранных
валютах», а также Договор об общих условиях проведения операций
на внутреннем валютном и денежном рынках с банками-
114
нерезидентами.
По получении от Вас контрольных документов и другой
информации о Вашем банке мы сможем направить Вам контрольный
пакет документов АКБ «М». Сообщаем, что для открытия счетов в
АКБ «М» необходимо предоставить следующие документы с
переводом на русский язык:
- нотариально заверенную карточку образцов подписей;
- нотариально заверенные копии устава и учредительного
договора, а также лицензию на проведение банковских операций.
Для открытия счета в российских рублях необходимо заполнить
заявление по форме, образец которой мы также направим Вам в
комплекте документов.
В случае подписания документов или соглашений кем-либо из
Ваших заместителей просим Вас предоставить надлежащим образом
оформленную доверенность, подтверждающую делегированные
права и удостоверяющую право подписи.
Помимо услуг по корреспондентским счетам мы будем рады
обсудить вопросы сотрудничества с Вашим уважаемым банком в
других сферах.
Выражаем надежду на развитие плодотворного и
взаимовыгодного сотрудничества с Вашим банком.
С уважением,
Начальник управления корреспондентских отношений
117
UNIT V
DOCUMENTARY LETTERS OF CREDIT
Study Section
DOCUMENTARY LETTERS OF CREDIT
Documentary letters of credit are commonly used to settle obligations
between buyers and sellers. The majority of these instruments are used to
settle international obligations, but some are employed in domestic trade.
Typically these letters of credit are used when buyers and sellers are
unknown to each other and alternative methods of settlement, such as
open account or collections, are unsatisfactory to one or both parties.
Additionally, in some countries government regulations mandate the use
of letters of credit for settlement of international trade obligations.
Under a letter of credit a bank (rather than the buyer) promises to pay
the seller a designated sum of money, provided the seller presents certain
documents that purport to evidence a shipment has taken place. The letter
of credit specifies the latest date on which these documents can be
presented and may also specify the latest date for shipment. The seller is
assured that he will receive payment if he properly presents the
documents described in the credit to a designated bank on or prior to the
expiration date. Thus he is afforded much more protection under a letter
of credit than under an open-account transaction or a collection, where he
must rely on the buyer's ability and willingness to pay the draft. The
buyer, on the other hand, is assured that payment will not be made unless
the documents presented conform on their face to the credit's
requirements.
The nature of commercial letters of credit is best described by
119
illustration. Suppose that ImportCo, a Brazilian mining corporation,
agrees to purchase a piece of heavy equipment from ExportCo, a German
manufacturer. The terms of sale specify that the equipment is to be
shipped by ocean freight, insured by the shipper, within four months. The
purchase price of one million euros is payable on delivery of the
equipment in Brazil.
ExportCo, in order to protect itself against non-payment, requires
ImportCo to provide an irrevocable letter of credit. ImportCo arranges for
the issuance of the letter through Banco do Brasil, where it does the bulk
of its banking business. Banco do Brasil obtains a commitment from
ImportCo that it will make payment upon receipt of the equipment,
collects a fee, and issues its irrevocable letter of credit to Deutsche Bank,
ExportCo's bank in Germany. In doing so, Banco do Brasil accepts a
credit exposure to ImportCo. Its exposure is reduced if it obtains a lien on
the equipment which ImportCo is purchasing (a common practice) and is
eliminated if it requires prepayment of the purchase price (a less common
practice).
Deutsche Bank, upon receipt of the letter of credit, notifies ExportCo
with full details of the terms of the letter. As long as those terms agree
with its understanding of the transaction, ExportCo will now proceed to
complete the equipment to ImportCo's specifications and to ship it.
Having done so, it will present Deutsche Bank with the documentary
evidence supporting shipment (invoices, bills of lading, certificates of
inspection and of origin, title documents and evidence of insurance) along
with a written demand for payment (a "bill of exchange" or "draft").
Deutsche Bank will satisfy itself that the documentation meets the
requirements of the letter of credit (that the shipment, for example, took
place within the specified time frame and that insurance was obtained)
and will then forward that documentation to Banco do Brasil. Deutsche
Bank may or may not make immediate payment to ExportCo. If it does, it
accepts a credit exposure to Banco do Brasil from which it will ultimately
receive payment. When Deutsche Bank does make payment to ExportCo,
it will do so net of its own fee for the transaction.
120
Germany Brasil
ExportCo
ImportCo
Beneficiary/
Applicant/
Drawer
Drawee
Deutsche Banco
Bank Advising/ doBrasil
Remitting Issuing
At this point, Deutsche Bank forwards the bill of exchange along with
the related documentation to Banco do Brasil. Banco do Brasil may remit
funds to Deutsche Bank immediately or may wait until funds are received
from ImportCo, depending upon the terms of the transaction. Banco do
Brasil then forwards the documentation to ImportCo, which uses it to
claim the equipment upon arrival in Brazil.
Types of Letters of Credit
The example above is just that: an example, and a simplified one at
that. Actual letter of credit transactions can vary in any number of ways.
The issuing or advising bank may deal with each other through their own
local correspondent banks. Some of the documents may flow in different
patterns. The requirements for payment and security will certainly vary
from transaction to transaction. One of the attractive features of letter of
credit financing from the customer's point of view is its flexibility.
Facilities can be tailored to individual transactions or groups of
transactions.
The responsibilities and obligations of parties to international
documentary credit transactions are codified in "Uniform Customs and
Practice for Documentary Credits," a publication of the International
Chamber of Commerce. That code may be deemed to be legally binding
upon the parties unless specifically excluded by their agreement. The
121
code provides guidance on procedures and definitions for the benefit and
understanding of all participants in documentary credit transactions.
Some commonly distinguished types of letters of credit are described
briefly below.
Revocable/Irrevocable - If a letter of credit is revocable, any of the
parties can refuse to perform under the letter as long as documents have
not been presented or payment made. An irrevocable letter of credit
protects the seller from a refusal to perform on the part of the buyer or
issuing bank. It does not affect the obligations of the advising bank,
which may refuse to make payment until it has received funds regardless
of the revocability of the letter.
Irrevocable Confirmed/Unconfirmed - The advising bank may
"confirm" a letter of credit by guaranteeing payment to the seller.
Confirmation commits the advising bank to make payment without regard
to when—or whether—funds are received from the issuing bank. In
confirming a letter of credit, then, the advising bank accepts a credit
exposure to the issuing bank.
Documentary/Clean - Documentary letters of credit are supported by
shipping and related documents (as described above); clean letters are not.
Sight/Time - A draft drawn on a sight letter of credit is payable upon
presentation; a draft on a time letter of credit is payable only after a
stipulated number of days.
Straight/Revolving - A straight letter of credit covers a particular
transaction; a revolving letter is good for a specified period of time (and
normally for specified types of transactions).
Paid/Guaranteed - On a paid letter of credit, the buyer makes full
payment to the issuing bank at the outset of the transaction; on a
guaranteed letter, the buyer guarantees payment at a later date.
Export/Import - An export letter of credit is arranged to finance the
export of goods; an import letter finances imports.
A buyer initiates a Letter of Credit transaction by completing an
"Application for Commercial Credit." The application contains conditions
to be included in the letter of credit, such as dollar amount, expiration
date, required documents, merchandise description, shipping points and
latest shipping date. A typical application appears on page 130-133.
In addition to specifying the conditions of the letter of credit, the
application spells out the terms of agreement between the applicant and
the bank. Thus it serves as the basis of the contract between the applicant
and the bank, specifying the fundamental rights and obligations of each.
122
Among other things, this contract entitles the bank to reimbursement for
any payments it may make under the letter of credit.
If the application is acceptable to it, the bank issues the letter of credit
and forwards it to the seller.
Practice Section
Ex. I. Answer the following questions on the text:
1.What types of instruments used to settle international trade
obligations are mentioned in the text?
2. Which of the mentioned instruments is most secure to the seller (to
the buyer) and why?
3. In what way is a letter-of-credit transaction initiated?
4. What are documentary credits in most banks governed by?
5. What types of credits are described in the text?
6. What is a revocable credit?
7. What is an irrevocable credit?
Ex. III. Study the application forms on page 130 -137 carefully and
identify:
1) the parties to the transaction;
2) their banks;
3) the terms of the transactions: amount of the L/C, the expiration date
etc.
4) the documents to be presented;
5) the trade terms ( incoterms the delivery is based on)
Ex. IV. Fill in the letter of credit application form based on the
following data (application form № 1)
Seller Kursk Import, Kursk, Russia.
Buyer Universal Co LTD, London, UK.
Seller's Bankers Globe Bank, Kursk, Russia.
123
Buyer's Bankers Barclays Bank PLC, London, UK.
Goods about 10 tons of steel wire, as per proforma Invoice
№ AT 5.
Price GBP 5 000 per ton.
Total GBP 50 000.
Mode of Rail
Transport
Date of Shipment 10th November 20...
Credit to expire Date of shipment + ... days (documents to be
presented within)
Part Shipment no
List of Invoice
documents:
Rail consignment note
Insurance certificate
Certificate of quality
Certificate of origin
Inspection certificate
124
124
125
126
127
128
129
E
130
x. VI. The following letters have arrived in the morning post at East-West
Ltd, a firm which manufactures refrigerating equipment.
1.
Dear Sirs
We have received instructions from the Akadembank, Berlin, to open
an irrevocable letter of credit for £20 586 in your favour and valid until
the 20 March 20… .
You are authorized to draw a60 days' bill on us against this credit for
the amount of your invoice after the consignment has reached Messrs
Viener AG, Berlin.
Before we accept your draft, which should include our discount
commission at 5% of the consignment value, please send us the
documents listed below.
Yours faithfully
2.
Dear Sirs
We thank you for your letter of 20 June and note that you wish us to
present to the amount of £2500 for acceptance against surrender of
documents by the drawees, Messrs Heinrich, Sweden. Please confirm that
you wish us, as usual, to discount this at the current rate, for the credit of
your account.
Yours faithfully
3.
Dear Sirs
We regret to inform you that the bill to the value of £20 000, payable at
sixty days' sight, drawn by you on Messrs G and B, Boston, has been
dishonoured. We advise you therefore to write without delay to the
defaulter requesting an explanation. Please advise as soon as possible if
you wish to protest the bill.
Yours faithfully
131
4.
Dear Sirs
Your draft for the consignment, which arrived in Mexico-city last
Wednesday, was presented and duly met. The goods reached us in
excellent condition and we are optimistic about the prospective market.
However, since we have been doing business with you for over a year now
and have honoured your sight drafts on presentation without default, we
would ask you to consider allowing us to settle on open account terms at
90 days' draft. In view of our reputation and our longstanding relationship,
we hope you will consider this request favourably. We look forward to
your reply.
Yours faithfully
Ex. VII. Look at the following expressions and decide in each sentence
whether X and Y refer to the exporter or the importer/importer's bank.
a. X draws on Y
b. X honours Y's draft
c. X presents a bill to Y
d. X settles Y's account
e. X opens a credit on Y's behalf
f. X accepts Y's draft
g. X meets Y's draft
Ex. VIII. Complete the sentences below with the following words: at,
for, on, against, to, by, in. You can look back at the letters in ex. VI.
a. Please send us your draft ____ 60 days ____ acceptance.
b. Our acceptance of your draft will be honoured at ABC bank _____
132
presentation.
c. We propose to pay _____ 30 days draft, documents _____ acceptance.
d. Your draft _____ us _____ the value of £2700, payable _____ 60
days sight, will be given our protection.
e. Kindly present us your bill _____ the amount invoiced _____
acceptance _____ surrender of documents.
f. This amount will be discounted _____ the current rate _____ the
credit of your account.
g. We are pleased to confirm that a credit _____ £2000 will be opened
____ your favour.
Decide who would write these sentences and to whom.
Ex. IX. Translate the following parts of letters and replace the
underlined parts with synonyms.
1. Will you please forward the enclosed sight draft on Messrs … to The
Prudent Banking Co. of Seattle, USA with instructions to surrender the
attached documents, on payment of our bill.
2. We enclose various acceptances as listed below. Kindly present them
for paymentat due date and credit the proceeds to our account.
3. The following drafts will shortly be presented to you by foreign
drawers. Please accept them on my behalf and meet them at maturity to the
debit of my no. 2 account. Your charges are for the account of the drawers.
4. I enclose an accepted bill drawn on me by Messrs F. and should be
glad to receive the documents covering the goodsin question.
5. We enclose our sight draft on Goodwill & Co. Ltd. of Brighton and
attach bill of lading to evidence shipment, and other documents as listed
below. Will you please deliver these documents to Goodwill against
payment of the draft, and credit our account no.1 with the amount
received.
133
Ex. X. Translate the following letters from English into Russian, follow
the stages of the transactions and identify the subject matter of each letter.
THE STUART STEELCO. LTD.
Cape Town, S.A.
The Ferrous Metals Co.Ltd.
Leeds
3 August 20…
Dear Sirs
Many thanks for your letter of 30 June enclosing your catalogue and
details of your terms. We have decided to place the attached order with
you and would be glad if you would give it your early attention.
We have instructed The United Bank of South Africa to open a credit for
£625 in your favour, valid until 15 September. The credit will be
confirmed by The United Bank of South Africa, Richards Str, London,
who will accept your draft on them at 6O days for the amount of your
invoice. Please attach the following documents to your draft
2 bills of lading,
2 commercial invoices,
Insurance policy for £ 700.
Despatch and marking instructions will be given by our forwarding
agents in London, who will advise you of their charges. Your invoice
should include c.i.f. Cape Town, and the amount of our credit is sufficient
to cover this and your bank commission on the draft.
Please advise us by airmail when the goods have been despatched.
Yours faithfully
The Stuart Steel Co. Ltd.
3 August 20…
Dear Sirs
We are very pleased to have your order and are able to confirm that all the
items required are in stock. It is a pleasure to have the opportunity of
supplying you and we are quite sure you will be satisfied both with the
134
quality of our goods and our service.
Your choice of method of payment is quite acceptable to us, and we note
that this will be by irrevocable letter of credit for a sum not exceeding £
625, valid till September l5th. When we receive confirmation of this credit
from The United Bank of South Africa, London, we will make up your
order and await despatch instructions from your agent.
We assure you that this order and all further orders made will have our
immediate attention.
Yours faithfully
The Ferrous Metals Co. Ltd.
16 August 20…
The Ferrous Metals Co. Ltd.
Leeds.
Dear Sirs
We have received instructions from The United Bank of South Africa,
Cape Town, to open an irrevocable letter of credit for £625 in your favour
and valid till 15 September, 20….
You are authorised to draw a 60 days' bill on us against this credit for the
amount of your invoice after shipment of various metal fittings as list
enclosed and consigned to The Stuart Steel Co. Ltd. of Cape Town, South
Africa, has been effected.
We shall require the documents listed below to be produced by you before
we accept your draft, which should include all charges to Cape Town and
our discount commission at 5%. It is also stipulated by the buyer that the
goods covered by this draft be despatched in one shipment.
Yours faithfully
P.S. HUGH
Manager
(List of documents)
135
THE FERROUS METALS CO. LTD.
LEEDS
5 September 20…
The Manager
The United Bank of South Africa
Richards street
London EC3 4WE
Ref.: LC/1001/16./8.
Dear Sir
Referring to your advice of 16 August we now have pleasure in
enclosing the shipping documents as called for in your letter.
As required by your customer, we have included all charges in our invoice,
which amounts to £601.53. Our draft on you for this amount is enclosed,
and we ask you to discount it after acceptance, at the agreed rate. Kindly
remit the net amount to our no. 2 account at The North Yorkshire Bank,
Leeds. We thank you for your assistance in the matter.
Yours faithfully
The Ferrous Metals Co. Ltd.
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
Ex. XII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs.
1) ... a letter of credit a bank promises to pay the seller a designated sum
of money, ... the seller presents certain documents.
2) If the application is acceptable ... it the bank issues the letter of credit
and forwards it... the seller.
3) The terms of sale specify that the equipment is to be shipped by ocean
freight, insured ... the shipper ... four months. The purchase price of one
million marks is payable ... delivery ... the equipment.
4) The seller is assured that he will receive payment if he properly
presents the documents described in the credit to a designated bank ... or...
the expiration.
5) The buyer, on the other hand, is assured that payment will not be made
unless the documents presented conform ... their face ... the credit's
requirements.
6) The company arranges ... the issuance ... the L/C ... the bank where it
does the bulk of its banking business.
7) Its exposure is reduced if it obtains a lien ... the equipment, which the
company is purchasing.
8) The bank ... receipt of the L/C notifies the company ... full details ... the
terms ... the letter.
9) Facilities can be tailored ... individual transactions or groups ...
transactions.
10) That code may be deemed to be legally binding ... the parties unless
specifically excluded ... their agreement.
11) The credit will be confirmed ... The United Bank of South Africa,
Richards Str, London, who will accept your draft... them ... 60 days ... the
amount... your invoice.
12) We note that this will be ... irrevocable letter of credit ... a sum not
exceeding £625, valid ... September 15th.
13) You are authorised to draw a 60 days' bill ... us ... this credit... the
amount... your invoice ... shipment... various metal.
14) Your draft should include all charges ... Cape Town and our discount
commission ... 5%. It is also stipulated ... the buyer that the goods covered
... this draft be dispatched ... one shipment.
15) Referring ... your advice ... 16 August we now have pleasure ...
enclosing the shipping documents as called ... ... your letter.
16) Our draft ... you ... this amount is enclosed.
17) We ask you to discount the draft ... acceptance ... the agreed rate.
148
18) If documents are presented with discrepancies which are corrected or
waived, a discrepant document fee ... $40.00 will be deducted ... the
proceeds ... the draft.
19) Our correspondent's credit is irrevocable ... their part.
20) ... the request... our correspondent we confirm this irrevocable credit
and engage ... you that all drafts drawn ... and ... compliance ... the term ...
this credit will be duly honoured.
21) This advice conveys no engagement or obligation ... our part.
22) This amendment is to be considered as part ... the above credit and
must be attached...
Ex. XIII. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Этот аккредитив используется против тратты бенефициара с
платежом по предъявлении вместе со следующими документами:
1) подписанный счет-фактура в 3-х экземплярах;
2) полный комплект чистых бортовых коносаментов, выписанных
приказу отправителя с пометкой "фрахт оплачен заранее" и
"уведомьте покупателя";
3) сертификат происхождения;
4) страховой полис.
2. Мы одобряем Ваш метод рамбурсирования в покрытие Ваших
платежей в соответствии с условиями аккредитива.
3. Мы просим Вас произвести следующие изменения в
вышеуказанном безотзывном, подтвержденном аккредитиве при
уведомлении бенефициара: продлите даты отгрузки и срок действия
до 15 января. Все другие условия остаются без изменений.
4. Настоящим сообщаем Вам, что срок указанного аккредитива
продлен до 1 января со следующими изменениями условий
аккредитива:
1) погрузка частями разрешена;
2) перегрузка запрещена;
3) документы должны посылаться нам авиапочтой.
5. Сообщаем, что мы сегодня увеличили сумму аккредитива,
открытого в банке Н. По мере выплат просим рамбурсировать им
выплаченные суммы, дебетуя наш счет у Вас. Все сроки и условия
аналогичны Вашему аккредитиву, открытому нами 25 сентября,
включая все изменения, если таковые были.
6. При этом прилагаем оригинал и копию указанного аккредитива,
который мы выставили сегодня. — Пожалуйста, передайте оригинал
149
бенефициару, оставив копию для своего архива. После
представления соответствующих тратт, просим известить нас и
рамбурсироваться на н/банк. Обращаем Ваше внимание на то, что
все расходы за счет бенефициара.
7. После проверки документов мы установили, что мы не можем
платить ввиду следующих расхождений: 1) название товара,
указанное в счете и спецификации, не соответствует условиям
аккредитива; 2) страховой полис не покрывает морские и военные
риски. Поэтому мы обратились к нашим клиентам, которые
согласились платить только против Вашей гарантии. Просим Ваших
указаний.
8. Настоящим сообщаем Вам, что наш клиент уведомил нас о том,
что вышеуказанный аккредитив к нему не относится. Просим Вас
уточнить наименование бенефициара.
9. Ввиду истечения срока действия аккредитива просим
аннулировать таковой и сообщить нам сумму неиспользованного
остатка.
10. Ввиду того, что наши письма разошлись в пути, просим считать
наш аккредитив действительным, сообщив об этом нашим клиентам.
11. По сообщению ... по данному контракту расходы на территории
этой страны должны оплачиваться за счет покупателя. В связи с этим
мы не можем удовлетворить Вашу просьбу относительно перевода
суммы.
12. Просим ускорить высылку вышеуказанных документов в наш
адрес или кредитовать наш счет у Вас суммой…
13. Ссылаясь на Ваше письмо от... и во исполнение Вашего
поручения сообщаем Вам, что вся комиссия и почтовые расходы,
относящиеся к аккредитиву, переведены на счет покупателя, а также
извещаем Вас, что комиссия … была дебетована на счет №... в
строгом соответствии с этим изменением условий.
14. Х подтвердил свое согласие на уменьшение аккредитива на
сумму ..., в соответствии с которым мы внесли соответствующие
поправки (rectifications) в наши записи.
15. Сообщаем Вам, что отделение в г. Н. рамбурсировалось на Ваш
банк на сумму …
16. Обращаем Ваше внимание на то, что до настоящего времени мы
не получили ответа на наше письмо относительно восстановления
аккредитива №…
150
Ex. XIV. Write the following letters:
1. Your firm's representative in an English-speaking country has sent
you an order and advises you that payment will be by irrevocable L/C.
Reply to the customer. Write also the customer's letter confirming the
order and making payment arrangements.
2. You are asked by your employers, a British export company, to write
a letter to a Canadian buyer who complains that he does not want to pay
against bills drawn in sterling. Offer the buyer either (a) dollar prices, or
(b) payment by letter of credit payable in London for each order at an
agreed rate of exchange.
3. An overseas firm has asked you to supply them with goods to the
value of £450. They suggest that you draw on them at 60 d/s for the
amount of your invoice. Write a tactful letter explaining that you can only
do this against an irrevocable letter of credit confirmed by your bank.
4. Answer an enquiry from a British firm who wants to know what
methods of payment your firm are prepared to accept.
151
UNIT VI
DOCUMENTARY COLLECTION
Read the following texts, paying special attention to the terms on the
vocabulary list.
Key terms
1. collection/a letter of collection инкассо
2. clean collection чистое инкассо
3. documentary collection документарное инкассо
4. collection order инкассовое поручение
5. customs invoice таможенная фактура
6. consular invoice консульская фактура, консульский
счет
7. forwarder’s receipt расписка экспедитора
8. collection fees комиссия за инкассо
9. the ports of loading and порты погрузки и разгрузки
discharge
10. to pledge merchandise with a заложить товар в банке
bank
11. to deal (act) with goods поступить с товаром
12. pending receipt до (в ожидании) получения
13. to press for payment настаивать на платеже
14. against the drawee’s written против письменного обязательства
undertaking трассата
15. as on March 1 по состоянию на 1 марта
16. provisionary предварительный
17. as and when когда, по мере
18. against documents против документов
19. against surrender of documents против предоставления
документов
20. to be paid after five days оплачивается через 5 дней
21. to be paid within five days оплачивается в течение 5-ти дней
22. less charges if any за вычетом расходов, если таковые
будут
23. to close the item in our books
завершить свои записи
24. to close our books on the item
25. for your guidance для Вашего руководства
26. to refrain воздержаться
27. to retain задерживать
152
28. to retain the draft for collection держать тратту на инкассо до
on maturity истечения срока
Study Section
Definition
“Collection” means the handling by banks of documents in accordance
with instructions received, in order to:
1. obtain payment and/or acceptance
2. deliver documents against payment and/or against acceptance
3. deliver documents on other terms and conditions
“Clean collection” means collection of financial documents not
accompanied by commercial documents.
“Documentary” collection means collection of:
1. Financial documents accompanied by commercial documents;
2. Commercial documents not accompanied by financial documents.
Documentary Collections
1. Procedures and participants.
Documentary collections are very suitable in cases where the exporter is
reluctant to supply the goods on an open account basis but does not need
the degree of security provided by a documentary credit. A documentary
collection gives greater security than settlement on open account, because
the importer cannot take possession of the goods without either making
payment or accepting a bill of exchange. The banks concerned are under
no obligation to pay. The exporter is relieved of a large part of the
administrative work connected with the collection of documents and
benefits from the banks' worldwide network of contacts. Thanks to the less
stringent formal requirements, this service is cheaper and more flexible
than a documentary credit.
In a documentary collection the exporter cannot be sure at the time of
dispatch of the goods that the buyer will actually pay the sum owed. This
form of settlement is therefore most appropriate in the following cases:
- if the exporter has no doubt about the buyer's willingness and ability to
pay (e.g. because there exists a good business relationship between the
two parties);
- if the political, economic and legal environment in the importing country
is considered to be stable;
153
- if the buyer's country has placed no restrictions on imports (e.g. exchange
controls) or has issued all the necessary authorisations.
154
Here is the diagram of a collecting order:
Drawer/ Drawee/
Exporter Importer
Participants:
There are usually four parties to a documentary collection operation:
• the “principal” (exporter, seller) who is the party entrusting the handling
of a collection to a bank;
• the “remitting bank” which is the bank to which the principal has
entrusted the handling of a collection;
• the “collecting bank” (presenting bank); the term “collecting bank” is
applied to any bank, other than the remitting bank, involved in the
execution of the collection order. The presenting bank is the collecting
bank, which presents the documents to the importer;
• the “drawee” (importer, buyer) is the one to whom presentation is to be
made in accordance with the collection instructions.
Costs
The remitting bank and the collecting bank charge commissions and
expenses for handling the collection. The main charges are:
- commission for the delivery of the documents against acceptance or
payment;
- commission for the collection of the accepted bill;
- commission for the release of goods addressed to the bank or addressed
to a forwarding agent and to be held at the bank's disposal.
Depending on the circumstances, the transaction may also involve
further charges and expenses, e.g. for the extension of bills of exchange,
advices of fate, return of documents, protest, etc., plus postage and other
expenses.
Costs are low and the customer gets good value for money. The bank
places at his disposal not only the services of its own experienced
specialists but also a world-wide network of contacts, which ensures that
payments, documents and information are transmitted safely and reliably
even in exceptional situations.
155
Collection order (Exhibit 1)
156
157
Advice of documents received for collection/acceptance (Exhibit 2)
158
159
Collection Order (Exhibit 3)
20.
160
Practice Section
Ex. I. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. What types of financial instruments are dealt with in the text?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the instruments
concerned?
3. In what cases are they most suitable?
4. What are the parties to a documentary collection operation?
5. What are the stages of the whole process of a documentary collection?
6. What are the costs for handling the collection?
Ex. II. Familiarise yourself with the documents in Exhibit 1, 2. Make sure
you understand to what stages of the process they refer and be ready to
reconstruct the whole procedure.
Ex. III. Study the documents in Exhibit 3,4 and decide what type of
collection transaction they represent.
Ex. IV. Make up the documents necessary for the documentary collection
transaction in which your bank is going to be involved as a remitting bank.
Ex. V. Study the following letters carefully and translate them into
Russian. Identify the subject matter of each letter.
1.
Re: collection № ...
drawn on Messrs. N.
for the sUM of ...
Dear Sirs,
We send you our collection No. ... with the documents enclosed
covering the goods (merchandise) pledged with our Bank, which we ask
you to deal with in accordance with the usual conditions of collection.
The merchandise is shipped from the town of N. to the address of the
buyer. The sum to be collected ... is to be credited to our account with you
… on collection advice to us.
Yours faithfully,
161
2.
Re: your collection №. ...
Dear Sirs,
3.
Re: Collection of 25th January
for the sum of $…
Payer:
Dear Sirs,
This letter is to inform you that our books show the captioned collection
is unpaid up to now.
The reasons for non-payment are, to our regret, not known to us since
our enquiry of 23rd March remained without reply.
We would like to draw your attention to the fact that the instructions of
our collection order provide for advising us of reasons for non-payment.
In view of the foregoing we would ask you to advise us of the date of
remittance to our account with Bank N. of the amount of US$ ... or the
reasons for non-payment and the present state of affairs in respect of
collection No.…
Yours faithfully,
162
4.
Re: collection No.…
for...
Dear Sirs,
5.
Re: collections Nos.…
Dear Sirs,
We would inform you that up to now the drafts under the captioned
collections are still outstanding in our books.
Our letters Nos. ... of October 28, January 11 and February 6 remained
without any reply.
Please consider the foregoing and inform us of the reason for the delay
in acceptance. Besides that, please note that the draft under collection
No.... matures on May 5. Kindly present this draft to the Payer for
payment and advise us of the results at your earliest convenience.
Yours faithfully,
6.
Re: Collections Nos.
Dear Sirs,
7.
Re: Our payment order of
... your collection No.
…
Dear Sirs,
8.
Re: collections
Dear Sirs,
164
9.
Re: collection
Dear Sirs,
10.
Re: collection
Dear Sirs,
Reference is made to your collection order dated May 30, which has not
been settled by the drawees up to now.
When contacting them we understand that they will order us to remit to
you the collection amount after receipt of the necessary exchange permit.
We shall do our best in obtaing the necessary remittance order and we
remain.
Yours faithfully,
11.
Repayment in account of your
Guarantee Nos. ... under
accepted drafts:
Nos. maturing on ... for…
165
Payer:…
Dear Sirs,
We would inform you that the captioned accepted drafts are still
outstanding according to our records and our letter No. ... of April 7
remained without any reply (a copy is enclosed).
We again draw your attention to the fact that payment of the accepted
drafts has been secured by the Guarantees of your Bank and as the client
has not paid the above drafts in due time we insist on payment of these
drafts on account of your said Guarantees and reserve the right to demand
from your Bank interest for delay in payment.
Yours faithfully,
12.
Re: accepted draft our ref.…
maturing on April 24,
for US$ ... Payer:...
Gentlemen,
Referring to your letter of May 2 and by order of our client V/0 ... we
ask you to close your books on the captioned draft and deliver it free of
payment to the Payer.
Yours faithfully,
13.
Re: acceptance of drafts under
contract№. ... your guarantee
No.…
Dear Sirs,
Encl.: 10 drafts
14.
Re: payment to the amount of
... under draft №.…
Dear Sirs,
We would inform you that per our letter of February 25, a copy of
which is attached hereto, Bank M. informed us that the amount of £ ...
under the above draft has been remitted to you for crediting our account
with you.
However, up to now the above sum has not yet been received by us and
has not been shown in the statements of your Bank.
Please verify and inform us when the above sum was credited to our
account.
Yours faithfully,
15.
Re: your draft No. ... dated
March 18, for US$ ... under
our credit No. ...
Dear Sirs,
Dear Sirs,
168
Ex. VII. Translate the following key sentences from letters. Complete the
full text of the letters.
1. Further to our letter of 26 instant we inform you that the above
mentioned collection is still pending with us and under the circumstances
we shall appreciate the receipt of your final instructions in respect to our
further handling the item.
2. We inform you that the documents relative to the above item have been
delivered to the drawee free of payment against the endorsed receipt. We
shall proceed with the collection in due course.
3. Please authorise us to receive the documents against provisionary
payment in our currency and drawee’s written undertaking to be
responsible for exchange risk.
4. We have today remitted the proceeds of your above mentioned
collection amounting to … to our New Delhi Office for credit of your
account with them. They have further been requested to advise you by
airmail as and when the amount is placed at your credit.
2.
Кас.: инкассо № ... на сумму …
Ссылаясь на Ваше письмо, подтверждаем согласие нашего клиента
на оплату вышеуказанного инкассо за вычетом транспортных
расходов в сумме ... . Другие указания остаются без изменений.
3.
Кас.: инкассо ... плательщик ...
Настоящим сообщаем Вам, что вышеуказанное инкассо числится в
наших записях неоплаченным. На наш запрос от … относительно
причин задержки в оплате мы не получили никакого ответа. Мы
просим Вас вернуться к этому вопросу и сообщать нам о положении
дел, касающихся инкассо № …
170
4.
Кас.: наши инкассо №№ ..., плательщик …
В дополнение к нашему письму мы препровождаем Вам новые
счета на сумму ... Просим аннулировать счета под теми же самыми
номерами, посланные Вам раньше.
5.
Кас.: инкассо ..., плательщик ...
Ссылаясь на Ваше письмо от ... по поручению нашего клиента
сообщаем, что последний обратился к фирме Н относительно оплаты
вышеуказанного инкассо.
В связи с этим просим Вас не снимать инкассо № … с Вашего
учета до получения ответа от фирмы Н.
6.
Кас.: инкассо …, плательщик …
По поручению нашего клиента просим Вас заменить тратты ... и
счета ... новой траттой ... и счетом ... (5 экземпляров) при сем
прилагаемыми. Просим выдать документы против акцепта
высланной тратты и аннулировать тратту ... и счет ... . Мы также
просим Вас известить наш банк о причинах неоплаты. Все расходы
за счет трассата. Просим извинить за причиненное беспокойство.
7.
Уважаемые господа!
В дополнение к нашему письму от 18 февраля и вслед за
получением указаний от нашего клиента уполномочиваем Вас снять
вышеуказанное инкассо с Вашего учета. Мы вернемся к вопросу
других двух инкассо, упомянутых в Вашем письме от 8 февраля, как
только сможем это сделать.
С уважением …
171
8.
В ответ на Ваше письмо сообщаем, что мы своевременно получили
Ваше письмо с приложениями. Однако, чтобы дать возможность
грузополучателю приступить к расчетам по вышеуказанному
инкассо, необходимо почтовое уведомление с указанием о прибытии
товара.
Так как до написания этого письма почтовое уведомление не
получено, то вышеуказанное инкассо остается все еще
неоплаченным, причем грузополучатель не может произвести расчет
по таковому без вышеуказанного уведомления.
9.
Уважаемые господа!
Ваше письмо от 3 марта, в котором сообщается об отказе фирмы
от оплаты суммы ..., нами получено. Мы немедленно информировали
наших клиентов и просили их снестись непосредственно с трассатом
и настаивать на платеже. Так как плательщик окончательно отказался
оплатить инкассо, мы считаем таковое аннулированным. Мы просим
Вас выдать документы фирме Н. франко и индоссировать
коносаменты в их пользу.
Заранее благодарим Вас.
10.
Настоящим просим Вас отсрочить платеж по инкассо ... еще на
один месяц от даты этого письма. Просим заметить, что отсрочка
платежа была вызвана тем, что товар по этому инкассо фирмой еще
не получен. По наступлении срока платежа просим предъявить
инкассо к оплате. В случае отказа фирмы от оплаты просим
немедленно сообщить нам об этом авиапочтой.
11.
Кас.: выплаты по контракту …, и инкассо № …
Препровождаем Вам 10 тратт, акцептованных ... на общую сумму ...,
получение которых просим подтвердить для передачи фирме.
Подтверждаемправомочиялиц, подписавшихтратты.
172
Ex. X. Compose letters on the following situations.
I. The presenting bank informs the buyer of the arrival of the documents.
The advice from the presenting bank provides the buyer with the
essential facts about the goods that have been sent. It also tells him
whether the documents received by the bank will enable him to take the
delivery of the goods and clear them through the customs.
II. The following letters have arrived at your bank. Study them closely
and reply to them.
1.
Bank … November 9, 20…
Moscow
Dear Sirs,
Re: your collection for $ 4315.17 drawn on “Universal Distributors,
New York”
On presentation of the captioned collection, payment was
declined because the documents were not complete.
Please, therefore, send us the balance of the documents,
including the bill of lading, so that we can obtain payment of this
collection.
When writing to us, please address your letter to the attention of our
International Department, making reference to our № 56928.
Yours truly.
2.
Bank …
November 10, 20…
Moscow
Dear Sirs,
Re: B.C. 24739 for $ 145.8.9
We regret to inform you that the above mentioned collection is still
unpaid and no reason has yet been given for non-settlement.
In view of the length of time this collection has been outstanding in
our books, it seems that the drawee has no inclination to arrange
settlement.
Therefore, we shall be glad to know whether we may close this item
in our books.
However we shall continue our regular presentations pending receipt
of your final instructions at your earliest convenience.
Yours faithfully.
173
UNIT VII
GUARANTEES
Learn the words on the vocabulary list. Familiarize yourselves with the
definition of a guarantee and specimens of different types of guarantees.
Key terms
1. guarantee * (guaranty) гарантия
2. a guarantor гарант, поручитель
3. a warrantee лицо, которому дается гарантия или
поручительство, бенефициар
4. an obligor лицо, принявшее на себя
обязательство, должник
5. an obligee лицо, по отношению к которому
имеется обязательство
6. a bid bond/a tender тендерная гарантия, гарантия
guaranty конкурсной заявки
7. a performance контрактная гарантия, гарантия
guarantee должного исполнения
8. an advance payment гарантиявозвратааванса
guarantee
9. a standby letter of credit резервныйаккредитив
10. an indemnity **/to гарантия, обязательство о возмещении
indemnify ущерба
11. a tenderer лицо, делающее предложение,
участник торгов
12. to waive all rights of зд. невзирая на любые права сторон по
objection and defence основному обязательству
*
guarantee – responsibility for payment of a debt or performance of some obligation if the
person primary liable fails to perform
гарант (Theonewhoissuesaguarantee) – принимает на себя вторичное обязательство
и вступает в действие только в случае невыполнения обязательств заемщиком по
ссуде.
Forexample:«Выдайте ссуду г-ну Х; если он не погасит долг, выплачу я».
**indemnity – obligation to make good any loss or damage another person has incurred or
may incur
гарант (Theonewhoissuesanindemnity) – является непосредственным ответчиком по
ссуде.
Forexample:«Выдайте ссуду г-ну Х, я обязуюсь, что долг будет погашен».
174
13. for the purpose of в целяхидентификации
identification
14. to be legally binding зд. 1) уполномоченные 2) имеющие
upon smb. законную силу
15. to be reduced pro rata уменьшатьсяпропорционально
16. a claim of требование о возмещении
reimbursement
17. the adjudication period периоддействияконкурснойзаявки
18. to withdraw one’s отозватьконкурснуюзаявку
tender
19. to submit a bid представитьконкурснуюзаявку
20. a tested telex ключеванныйтелекс
21. a tested cable ключеваннаятелеграмма
22. at our counters в нашемофисе
23. a drawing certification требованиеплатежа
24. partial drawings частичныевыплаты
Study Section
GUARANTEES
A bank guarantee is a unilateral contract between a bank as guarantor
and a beneficiary as warrantee, in which the bank undertakes to make
payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money if a
third party fails to perform an obligation or another event materializes or
fails to materialize.
guarantee
guarantor (bank)
175
The Guarantee
There will normally be three parties involved in the provision of a
contract guarantee: the exporter who performs the work or supplies the
goods as covered in the terms of the contract; the buyer, in whose favour
the guarantee is issued; and the guarantor (either a bank or a
surety/insurance company) responsible for issuing the guarantee.
The foreign buyer asks the exporter to provide a guarantee in support of
the work to be undertaken or goods supplied. The exporter approaches his
UK bank requesting that a guarantee is issued in favour of the foreign
buyer. The UK bank then arranges for the issue of the guarantee to the
foreign buyer and takes a counter indemnity from the exporter.
Another party may become involved if the buyer insists the guarantee is
issued by a bank in his own country. The UK bank will then find it
necessary to use a correspondent bank to issue the guarantee to the buyer.
In this instance, the UK bank will be required to counter indemnify the
correspondent bank.
Types of Guarantee
Bid bond/tender guarantee: This document supports an offer and gives
the beneficiary a financial remedy if, for example, the tenderer withdraws
his tender during the adjudication period, the tenderer fails to sign a
contract if his tender is successful, or the tenderer fails to produce a
performance guarantee if called upon to do so.
Typically, a tender guarantee will represent up to 5 per cent of the
contract value.
Practice Section
Ex. I. Answer the following questions on the above text.
1) What kind of instruments are guarantees? What are they designed to
secure?
2) Where are guarantees most widely used?
3) What are the parties involved in a guarantee? Expand on their
functions.
4) Identify the differences in the bid bond, performance guarantee,
advance payment guarantee and standby letter of credit. Specify each.
Give short talks on different types of guarantees.
Ex. II. Translate the texts of the above guarantees into Russian. Make
use of the vocabulary list and dictionaries. Look up ex. VII for reference.
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Ex. III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
1) We hereby … undertake to pay immediately to you upon your first
demand.
2) Confirming that your signatures are legally … upon your firm.
3) With each payment under this guarantee our obligation will be reduced
….
4) Upon receipt of your written confirmation stating that Messrs. X have
not fulfilled their obligation … the terms of the above mentioned contract.
5) Your claim for … of this amount, should Messrs. X fail to supply the
goods in conformity with the terms of the contract, is … by a bank
guarantee.
6) Your request for payment and your confirmation have to be presented
through … .
7) Funds under this Letter of Credit are … to you against receipt at your
counters inM.4 of your … .
8) This drawing is in the amount, which is not … the amount for which
payment has been requested.
9) We hereby engage with you that all drafts will be … by us.
10) This L/C is … the Uniform Customs & Practice for Documentary
Credits.
1) pro rata 5) subject to 9) binding
2) in excess of 6) duly honored 10) in conformity with
3) 7) the 11) to be secured
reimbursement intermediary
4) irrevocably 8) sight draft 12) available
Ex. IV. Translate the following letters from English into Russian.
Define the subject matter of each letter.
№1
Attn. Documentary
business department
№2
Attn. Documentary
business department
Your ref.
Our ref.
№3
Attn. Documentary
Product and Finance
Department
Re: Your SWIFT message dated 23.10.20...
Payment guarantee for USD … in favour of …
Your counterguarantee №
Our ref …
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№4
Attn. Documentary
Product and Finance
Department
Re: Payment Guarantee for USD … in f/o …
Your counterguarantee №
Our ref …
№5
Ref. № …
№6
Dear Madam,
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Per your request, I would like to confirm that the D. Bank has received
the scheduled payments for the a. m. guarantee to-date.
Consequently, the current outstanding balance is USD …
In order to send this information via authenticated SWIFT or tested
telex, could you please advise me which bank you would recommend in
assisting with forwarding the message to you?
Thanking you in advance for your assistance I look forward to hearing
from you .
Best regards.
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12) Our guarantee is valid … 20th March and expires … in full and
automatically irrespective … whether the present document is returned …
us or not, should your written request … payment not be … our possession
… that date … our counters.
Ex. VI. Fill in the missing information and make up a dialogue on the
basis of the text of the standby letter of credit.
Example of a Stand-by Letter of Credit
To be printed on:
Letterhead of _______
Europay International S. A. Address
Dear Sir or Madam,
By order and for the account of our client, _____ we hereby establish
our irrevocable standby letter of credit number ______ in favour of
Europay international S.A. for the amount of up to USD _______, (subject
to adjustment as provided below) available with The Bank X.
Payment to be made against receipt at the address set forth above of a
sight draft and a declaration from Europay International S. A. stating that
"we hereby demand payment under your letter of credit number _____ of
the amount of USD ____, representing funds due and payable for our
account and/or the account of MasterCard International Incorporated and
for which payment has notbeen received", or "We hereby demand payment
under your letter of credit number ____, of the amount of USD _____
representing funds due and payable for the account of Europay
International S.A. and/or MasterCard International Incorporated for
amounts owed or paid to merchants for which payment has not been
received".
Partial drawing permitted.
This letter of credit shall expire on ____ and shall thereafter be
automatically renewed for additional periods of three (3) months each and
for the same amount without an amendment being issued upon such date
or each anniversary of such date, unless at least 60 days prior to such date
or each anniversary of such date, you are notified in writing at the above
address that we have elected not to renew this letter of credit.
This letter of credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for
Documentary Credits (1993 Revision), International Chamber of
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Commerce, Publication №. 500. This letter of credit shall be deemed to be
a contract made under the law of the State of Y and shall, as to matters not
governed by the Uniform Customs, be governed by and construed in
accordance with the law of the State of Y.
Bank: ____________
By: ____________
Name: ____________
Title: ____________
8901 H
Ex. VII. Translate the following guarantees into English. Look up the text
of the guarantees on pp. 197-203 for reference.
№1
Бенефициар: _______
БАНКОВСКАЯ ГАРАНТИЯ №
Мы были уведомлены о том, что ___________ (именуемый
далее «Принципал») заключил с Вами Договор № ___ от ___ __г.,
предусматривающий поставку Бенефициаром Принципалу ______
(именуемого далее «Товар»), и оплату Принципалом каждой партии
товара не позднее ________. Общая сумма договора — ________
(далее — «Договор»). В соответствии с условиями Договора
исполнение Принципалом платежных обязательств по Договору
должно быть обеспечено банковской гарантией.
Учитывая вышеизложенное, мы, ОАО АКБ …, ___ (адрес),
настоящим безотзывнои безусловно обязуемся выплатить Вам
сумму/суммы, не превышающие в итоге ______ (прописью________)
в течение 5 (пяти) рабочих дней с даты получения нами Вашего
первого письменного требования платежа, содержащего заявление,
что поставка была произведена, а оплата в соответствии с условиями
Договора не поступила. К требованию платежа должны быть
приложены копия неоплаченного счета и копия транспортного
документа, подтверждающего отгрузку.
В целях идентификации Ваше требование платежа с
приложением вышеуказанных документов должно быть передано нам
через Ваш банк, с его подтверждением того, что требование
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подписано должным образом уполномоченными на то лицами. Если
банк использует ключеванный телекс/ аутентифицированный
СВИФТ, то ему необходимо будет передать полный текст
требования, заверить, что требование подписано должным образом
уполномоченными на то лицами и подтвердить, что оригинал
требования с приложением вышеуказанных документов направлен
нам по почте. Датой получения нами первого письменного
требования в этом случае будет считаться дата получения
ключеванного телексного/ аутентифицированного СВИФТ
сообщения.
Сумма гарантии уменьшается на сумму платежей,
произведенных по данной гарантии, и/или по получении нами
подтверждения Бенефициара об уменьшении суммы гарантии.
Настоящая гарантия вступает в силу с даты выдачи и действует
до _____________.
Оригинал утратившей силу гарантии должен быть возвращен
нам без дополнительных запросов.
№2
________________(БЕНЕФИЦИАР)
БАНКОВСКАЯ ГАРАНТИЯ № __
г. Москва
Мы осведомлены о том, что в соответствии с условиями
Договора № __ от «_»____ ___ г. (далее – «Договор»), заключенного
между ______, (далее – «Покупатель») и __________, (далее –
«Продавец»), Продавец обязался поставить Покупателю _______ на
общую сумму ________, а Покупатель обязался выплатить Продавцу
аванс на сумму ______________. В качестве обеспечения
обязательств Продавца по возврату аванса требуется представление
банковской гарантии.
Ввиду вышеизложенного, мы, _______, (далее - «Гарант») по
поручению Продавца, настоящим безусловно и безотзывно обязуемся
выплатить Вам сумму в пределах _____ (_____) рублей РФ не
позднее 5 рабочего дня с даты получения Вашего первого
письменного требования, содержащего заявление о том, что
Продавец не выполнил своих обязательств по возврату ранее
перечисленного аванса и Вы вынуждены требовать возврата аванса.
Ваше требование платежа должно быть подписано уполномоченными
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лицами и передано через Ваш банк в целях подтверждения
подлинности подписей.
Настоящая гарантия вступает в силу с момента получения
Продавцом вышеуказанного аванса в сумме__________ на счет №
________ в _________.
Предел ответственности Гаранта по настоящей гарантии составляет
________(________) рублей РФ и уменьшается на сумму каждого
платежа, произведенного Гарантом по настоящей гарантии и/или на
_% каждой поставки после подтверждения Покупателем суммы
уменьшения.
Требование платежа должно быть нам представлено в срок не
позднее «_»___ 20... г., по истечении которого настоящая гарантия
утрачивает силу.
Право требования по данной гарантии может быть
переуступлено третьему лицу только с нашего письменного согласия.
Оригинал утратившей силу гарантии должен быть нам
возвращен без дополнительного запроса.
Споры и разногласия, возникающие в связи с настоящей
гарантией, подлежат разрешению в Арбитражном суде города
Москвы.
№3
Ex. VIII. Translate the following key sentences from letters. Complete
the full text of the letters.
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Ex. IX. Translate the following letters from Russian into English and
answer them. Discuss each situation.
№1
Уважаемые господа!
Сообщаем Вам, что Commerzbank AG, FrankfurtamMain
проинформировал нас о том, что ими получено сообщение от
бенефициара по гарантиям №№ ... и ... выданным под наши контр-
гарантии №№ ..., ..., касательно переуступки прав на получение
средств по гарантиям в пользу BankZ. В связи с тем, что переуступка
прав по гарантиям возможна лишь с нашего согласия, просим Вас в
возможно короткие сроки сообщить о Вашем согласии/несогласии на
переуступку.
С уважением,
Приложение: 1 лист
№2
№3
Приложение: 2 листа
№4
Уважаемые господа!
191
Сообщаем Вам, что ОАО "Х" необходимо оплатить комиссии АКБ
"Х" банк за II квартал действия контр-гарантий с 16.05.20...г. по
15.08.20...г. (в соответствии с Соглашениями о выдаче банковской
гарантии №№ ... .
EUR … - за II квартал действия контр-гарантии № ... EUR … - за II
квартал действия контр-гарантии № ..., а также комиссии и расходы
Commerzbank AG, F/M, сумма которых была списана с нашего счета в
Commerzbank сроком 23.05.20...:
EUR … - комиссии и расходы Commerzbank.
Просим пополнить Ваш счет у нас № ... на сумму, необходимую для
оплаты комиссий, либо дать нам полномочия на ее списание с Вашего
счета у нас № ... по курсу "Х" банка.
С уважением,
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APPENDICIES
APPENDIX I
TRAINING EXERCISES
Платежные поручения
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40. К нашему письму от 15 с. месяца был приложен список
документов, требуемых нашим клиентом. Но так как в вашем письме,
которое было послано в ответ на наше письмо, отсутствовали
некоторыенеобходимые документы, платеж не был произведен
вовремя.
41. Деловые письма могут посылаться простой, заказной и
авиапочтой.
42. Эти деньги должны быть кредитованы на счет M.N. Bank в вашу
пользу.
43. Подтверждаем получение вашего платежного поручения №2 от
5.09 и сообщаем, что мы уведомили фирму С. Как только платеж
будет произведен, мы не замедлим сообщить вам об этом.
44. Ссылаясь на ваше письмо от 24.07 сообщаем, что сумма $3000
была переведена вашему клиенту фирмой Н. в уплату за товар,
проданный согласно контракту №12.
45. Ссылаясь на ваше письмо от 2.08 препровождаем вам при этом два
счета, каждый в трех экз. В ожидании вашего кредитового авизо
остаемся ...
46. Мы не замедлим выслать вам эти документы.
47. Сумма, о которой идет речь, будет вам возвращена.
48. По поручению нашего клиента просим кредитовать наш счет у вас
суммой $1000.
49. Мы подтверждаем получение вашего письма от 10.03, в котором
сообщается, что вышеуказанный перевод не выплачен ввиду
отсутствия получателя. Просим вас считать наше платежное
поручение аннулированным и возвратить его нам.
50. В дополнение к нашему письму от 18-го прошлого месяца,
сообщаем, что 22.09 мы перевели вам сумму $500 в пользу фирмы Н.
и просим вас дебетовать наш счет этой суммой при уведомлении нас.
51. Мы ссылаемся на ваше письмо от 5.04, в котором сообщается, что
6.03 вы просили нас перевести вам сумму $400, которая была
переведена вашим банком в пользу фирмы Н. В соответствии с
нашими записями мы не получили никакого требования от вас на эту
сумму, и поэтому платеж не был произведен. Если вы вышлете нам
ваше первоначальное требование, мы разберемся в этомвопросе.
52. Как только вы получите расписку получателя, просим вас выслать
таковую нам незамедлительно.
53. Подтверждаем получение вашего письма от 2.10 относительно
нашего дебетового авизо от 23.09. Мы учли ваши замечания и просим
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вас не принимать во внимание наше дебетовое авизо, которое не
должно было быть послано вам.
54. Неиспользованный остаток в $110 остается в нашем
распоряжении.
55. Срок действия наших почтовых и телеграфных переводов не
ограничен, но по требованию наших перевододателей они могут быть
отозваны в случае их неиспользования на день получения вашим
банком наших указаний об аннулировании переводов.
56. Наши корреспонденты сообщают нам в начале каждого месяца
осуммам, невостребованных переводополучателем в течение 30
дней и более с моментаполучения ими наших платежных
поручений с указанием причины их неоплаты.
57. Адрес получателя не известен, и его не могут найти. В случае
невостребования получателем суммы по настоящему платежному
поручению в течение месячного срока со дня его получения,
пожалуйста, уведомьте нас об этом.
58. Просим вас заметить, что так как наименование получателя было
искажено в вашем уведомлении, платеж не был произведен
59. Сообщаем вам, что ваше платежное поручение от 30.10 остается
неоплаченным, так как бенефициар не явился за получением денег.
60. Мы получили ваше письмо от 20.02, в котором вы сообщаете, что
вы получили сумму $150 за вашу комиссию и почтовые расходы по
аккредитиву №10. В связи с этим просим заметить, что 30.01 мы
кредитовали ваш счет №.... суммой... .
61. Настоящим просим сообщить нам дату оплаты нашего платежного
поручений на $250.В случае неоплаты этого поручения просим
аннулировать сумму такового, известив нас о причине неоплаты.
62. Ссылаясь на ваше кредитовое авизо от 25.06 просим вас
кредитовать наш счет суммой …в возврат суммы, переведенной в
избытке по аккредитиву №9.
63. Сообщаем, что получатель изменил адрес, и его не могут найти.
Просим сообщить нам, должны ли мы аннулировать этот перевод или
вернуть сумму вам.
64. В ответ на ваше письмо сообщаем вам, что сумма, о которой идет
речь, должна быть выплачена м-ру Н. по установлению его личности
против обычной расписки в двух экз.
65. Рады сообщить вам, что документ, считавшийся потерянным,
получен нами.
197
66. Ввиду вышеизложенного просим выслать нам список
неоплаченных платежных поручений по состоянию на 15 октября.
Аккредитивы
1. По просьбе нашего клиента просим Вас прислать нам
обратной почтой соответствующие оправдательные
документы.
2. Мы подтверждаем получение Вашего письма от 7 с. месяца с
просьбой открыть безотзывный подтвержденный аккредитив №
1235 на сумму $ 14000. Все сроки и условия аналогичны Вашему
аккредитиву № 1380, открытому нами 25.11, включая все
изменения, если таковые были.
Мы проинформировали получателя соответственно .
Пожалуйста, кредитуйте наш счет в NationalBank Нью-Йорк
суммой $ 14.0, представляющей нашу комиссию за уведомление
получателя.
3. Сообщаем, что сегодня увеличили сумму аккредитива № 208,
открытого в ChaseManhattanBank и продлили срок этого
аккредитива до 20.12.
По мере выплат просим рамбурсировать им выплаченные
суммы, дебетуя наш счет у вас.
4. Этот аккредитив исполняется против представления следующих
документов:
1) счета-фактуры;
2) полного комплекта чистых бортовых коносаментов,
выписанных приказу отправителя, с бланковым индоссо, с
пометкой «фрахт оплачен заранее» и «уведомить
получателя».
5. Подтверждаем получение вашего письма от 10.12 вместе с
документами, относящимися к аккредитиву № 4527.
Мы предъявили документы нашему клиенту для оплаты, но
последнийсогласился уплатить сумму только условно ввиду того, что
тратта выставлена приказу фирмы вместо приказу банка. Мы
сообщим вам, если условность будет снята.
6. За выплаченные суммы пожалуйста рамбурсируйтесь на наш счет у
вас.
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7. После истечения срока действия аккредитива пожалуйста
закройте таковой и сообщите нам о неиспользованном остатке
авиапочтой.
8. По поручению фирмы Смит, Нью-Йорк, мы просим вас открыть
безотзывный подтвержденный аккредитив № 235 на сумму $20000
сроком 15.3.
Платежипоэтомуаккредитивупроизводятсяпротивследующихдокум
ентов:
Инкассо, гарантии
1. Просим принять к сведению, что при обработке документарных
аккредитивов, содержащих оговорку: «банк производит оплату по
получении соответствующих документов, находящихся в точном
соответствии с условиями аккредитива», выплата производится по
инкассо.
2. Сообщаем вам, что мы держим в сохранности документы,
202
покрывающие товар, заложенный у нас в банке, до получения
ваших инструкций. Просим ускорить высылку таковых.
3. Так как причина задержки платежа по нашему
инкассо не указана, мы опротестовываем неплатеж.
4. Мы сообщаем вам, что сумма $2000, являющаяся
выручкой по вашему вышеупомянутому инкассо,
зачислена в кредит вашего счета.
5. По наступлении срока инкассо, о котором идет речь, было
представлено к платежу, но платеж был отклонен, так как
комплект документов был неполный. Мы уже посылали вам
напоминание о том, что мы хотели бы получить остальные
документы. Еще раз обращаемся к вам с просьбой ускорить
высылку таковых, стем, чтобы платеж был произведен и мы
смогли бы завершить свои записи по этому инкассо.
6. При сем прилагаем счета-фактуры в 4-х экз., выписанные нашей
фирмой на фирмуX. Просим поступить с ними в соответствии с
инструкциями, указанными ниже.
7. Сообщаем вам, что долговая расписка на сумму $600,
подлежащая оплате 20 с. месяца, находится у нас для
инкассации по наступлении срока.
8. Мы бы хотели получить их согласие на перевод
вышеупомянутой суммы, являющейся выручкой по вашему
инкассо №87.
9. Мы извещены клиентами, что они испытывают финансовые
трудности. Мы же тем самым поставлены в неудобное положение
ввиду задержки платежа по нашему инкассо.
10.Сообщаем вам, что мы будем заниматься инкассо в
установленном порядке до получения ваших дальнейших
инструкций.
11.Мы будем держать в сохранности товар, заложенный у нас в
банке, до оплаты соответствующих документов.
12.Вопреки общим правилам, сумма была зачислена на счет
нашего клиента с опозданием.
13.Так как наш клиент настаивает на платеже, мы обращаемся к вам с
просьбой ускорить выплату причитающейся ему суммы с тем,
чтобы мы могли считать это дело законченным.
14.В дополнение к нашему письму от 10.02 и вслед за получением
указаний от нашего клиента уполномочиваем вас снять
вышеуказанное инкассо с вашего учета. Мы вернемся к вопросу
203
других двух инкассо, упомянутых в вашем письме от 2.02, как
только сможем это сделать.
С уважением
206
Revision
1. Сообщаем вам, что мы получили согласие нашего клиента на
возврат суммы, о которой идет речь. Эта сумма была переведена
им по недоразумению. Ввиду изложенного просим аннулировать
соответствующую запись в ваших книгах.
2. Так как сумма в $400 востребуется женой MrBlack, просим вас
оказать любезность MrsBlack и выдать ей вышеуказанную сумму
против расписки в 2-х экз., одну копию которой просим прислать
нам заказной авиапочтой.
3. Сегодня MrBrown явился в наш банк, чтобы получить
сумму в $500,переведенную в его пользу фирмой Смит. Но
так как у него не оказалось всех необходимых документов,
он не получил данной суммы. Просим выслать необходимые
документы непосредственно в наш банк.
4. Мы просили бы вас выслать нам список неоплаченных платежных
поручений по состоянию на 1.08.
5. Сообщаем вам, что недостающие документы высланы вам 29-го
прошлого месяца. По получении просим представить к оплате.
6. Просим вас проверить вашу запись, касающуюся денежного
почтового
перевода от 30-го прошлого месяца и выслать нам подробный
список
документов,представленных к оплате.
7. Кас: инкассо №9 на сумму $1000, выписанного на
фирму Смит.
Уважаемые господа,
Подтверждаем получение вашего письма от 4.07, содержание
которого мы своевременно приняли к сведению и доложили
нашему клиенту. По получении их ответа мы вернемся к данному
вопросу.
С уважением
209
APPENDIX II
USEFUL WORDS AND WORD-COMBINATIONS
Balance – остаток
Beneficiary (payee) – получатель
Bill of exchange – переводной вексель
Bill of lading – коносамент
Blank endorsed (endorsed in blank) – с бланковым индоссо
By order of – по поручению
By (per) our letter – нашим письмом
By way of exception – в порядке исключения
210
C
212
N
Observe – наблюдать
On presentation – по предъявлении
On the strength of this letter – в силу (на основании) этого письма
Our order – наше поручение
Scrutinize – рассматривать
Smth. in question – то, о чем идет речь
Specified in the contract – оговоренный в контракте
Stating, that – гласящее, что
Stipulated – определенный (в документе)
Sum not exceeding – сумма не превышающая
215
U
216
APPENDIX III
Краткий русско-английский словарь
Аванс – advance
авансом – by way of advance
Авансировать – to advance
Авизо – advice, note
дебетовое авизо – debit note
кредитовое авизо – credit note
Агент – agent
назначить кого-либо агентом – to appoint somebody as an agent
Агентство – agency
Аккредитив – letter of credit
безотзывный аккредитив – irrevocable letter of credit
подтвержденный аккредитив – confirmed letter of credit
неподтвержденный аккредитив – unconfirmed letter of credit
отзывной аккредитив – revocable letter of credit
товарный аккредитив – documentary letter of credit
открыть аккредитив в банке – to open a letter of credit with a bank
Акцент – acceptance
Акцептный кредит – acceptance credit
Акцептование – acceptance
акцептовать тратту – to accept a draft
акцептованная тратта – acceptance, accepted draft
Акцептовать – to accept
Акциз – excise
Аннулирование (отмена, расторжение) – cancellation
Арбитр –arbitrator
передать спор арбитрам – to refer the dispute to arbitrators
Арбитраж – arbitration
посредством арбитража – by arbitration
передать спор на арбитраж – to refer the dispute to arbitrators
Арбитражный – arbitration
арбитражный суд - arbitration
Ассортимент – assortment
в ассортименте – in assortment
217
Ассоциация – association
Аудитор – auditor
Аукцион – auction
продавать с аукциона – to sell by auction
218
В
Валовой – gross
Валюта – currency
валюта договора – currency of the contract
валюта цены – currency of the price
иностранная валюта – exchange, foreign exchange
курс иностранной валюты – rate of exchange
Валютный – exchange
валютный курс – rate of exchange
валютные ограничения – exchange restrictions
Ввиду – owing to, in view of
Ввоз – import
Ввозить – to import
Ведомость – list
Вексель – note, bill of exchange, draft
простой вексель – promissory note
Взаимность – reciprocity
торговля на основе взаимности – reciprocal trading
Взаимный – mutual
взаимная выгода – mutual benefit
Взнос – payment
долевой взнос – contribution
членский взнос – membership fee
Взыскание – recovery
принудительное взыскание – recovery by enforcement
Взыскивать – to recover
Вклад – deposit
Владелец –owner
Внимание –attention
вниманию г-на Иванова – for the attention of Mr. Ivanov
просим обратить особое внимание на – we request you to pay
particular attention to
обращаем ваше внимание на то, что – we wish to draw your
attention to the fact that
Возврат – return
Воздержаться – to abstain
Вручать – to hand, to hand in
Вследствие – owing to
219
Вывоз – export
Выгода – benefit, advantage
с выгодой для всех участвующих сторон – to the benefit of all
concerned
с выгодой для обеих сторон – to our mutual benefit
Выписка – extract
выписка из счета – statement of account
Выполнение – fulfillment, carrying out, execution
Выполнить – to fulfill, to execute, to effect
Выручка – proceeds
Выставка – exhibition, show, fair
Выступать – to act
выступать в качестве агента – to act as an agent
Вычет – deduction
за вычетом – less, minus
Вычитать – to deduct
220
Д
Данные – data
Дебет – debit
в дебет вашего счета – to debit of your account
Делать – render
делать невозможным – to render impossible
Деньги – money, currency
наличные деньги – cash, ready cash
Депозит – deposit
Депозитный счет – deposit account (da)
Депонировать – to deposit
Добавочный – additional
Доверенность – power of attorney, proxy
по доверенности – by proxy
Доверие – confidence
Доверитель – principal
Доводить до сведения – to bring to somebody’s notice
Договор – contract, agreement
договор продажи – sales contract
агентский договор – agency agreement
заключить договор – to conclude a contact
продлить договор – to extend a contract
Договор между странами – treaty, agreement
по договору – under the treaty
Доклад – report
Документ – document
грузовые документы – shipping documents
Документация – documentation
техническая документация – technical documentation
Долг – debt
Долгосрочный – long-term
Должник – debtor
Должный – due
в должное время – in due time
Дополнительный –additional
Доставка – delivery
со срочной доставкой – express delivery
Доставлять –to deliver
221
Дубликат – duplicate
Жалоба – complaint
письменная жалоба – letter of complaint
Жаловаться – to complain (of, about)
Желание – desire, wish
согласно вашему желанию – as desired by you
Желательно – it is desirable
желательно, чтобы товар был отправлен в сентябре – it is
desirable that the goods should be dispatched in September
Заведующий – manager
Заведовать – to manage, to be in charge of
Задаток – deposit
Задерживать – to delay
задержка в поставке – delay in delivery
Задержавшийся – behindhand
Задолженность – indebtedness
Заем – loan
Заинтересованный – interested
заинтересованная сторона – the interested party
Заказ – order
по заказу – against the order
выполнить заказ – to execute the order
выдать заказ кому-либо – to place an order with somebody
222
Закупать – to purchase, to buy
Зал – hall
Запас – stock, store
Запасный – spare
запасные части – spare parts, spares
Запрос –enquiry, inquiry
Заранее – beforehand, in advance
Засвидетельствовать – to certify
заверенная копия – certified copy
Известие – news
Извещать – advice
Извещение – advice, notice, notification
в короткий срок – at short notice
извещение о продаже – advice of sale
Извинение – apology
издержки производства – costs of production
Изготовитель –maker, manufacturer
Издержки – costs
Импорт – import
Импортер – importer
Импортированные товары – imported goods, imports
Индоссамент – endorsement
бланковый индоссамент – blank endorsement
именной индоссамент – special endorsement
ограниченный индоссамент – restrictive endorsement
Инкассировать – to collect
Инкассо – collection
посылать документы на инкассо – to send documents for collection
Иск – action, claim, suit
иск об убытках – claim for damages
встречный иск – counter-claim
предъявить иск к кому-либо – to bring an action against somebody
Исключительно – solely
Истекать – to expire
срок поставки истек – the time for delivery has expired
срок платежа истек – payment is overdue
223
К
Капитал – capital
акционерный капитал – share capital
оборотный капитал – working capital
Капитальные вложения – outlay
Клеймо – brand
Клиент – customer, client
Комиссия – commission
брокерская комиссия – brokerage
Компаньон – partner
Компенсация – compensation
Конкурент – competitor
Конкурентный – competitive
Конкуренция – competition
Конкурировать – to compete
Коносамент – bill of lading
Контракт – contract, agreement
по контракту – under the contract
Контрпредложение – counter-offer
Котировать – to quote
Котировка – quotation
Кража – pilferage
Краткосрочный – short-term
Кредит – credit
в кредит – on credit
краткосрочный кредит – short-term credit
Кредитовать – to credit
Лицензия – licence
получить лицензию – to obtain a licence
предоставить лицензию – to grant a licence
Льгота – privilege
Любезность – kindness
224
М
Марка – brand
Маркировать – to mark
Международный – international
Менее – less
более или менее – more or less
тем не менее – nevertheless
Местный – local
местные условия – local conditions
Н
Надлежащий – proper
надлежащим образом – properly
Назначать – to appoint, to nominate
Накладная – consignment note, waybill
Наличные – cash
уплата при доставке – cash on delivery
наличными при выдаче заказа – cash with order
наличными – in cash
немедленный платеж наличными – payment spot cash
Налог – tax
Наоборот – on the contrary
Незначительно – slightly
Настаивать – to insist on
Невыполнение – non-performance, non-execution, failure to perform
Недействительный – invalid
Незначительный – slight, insignificant
Немедленный –prompt
Неожиданный – unexpected
Непогашенный – uncleared
Неправильный –wrong, incorrect
Несмотря на – in spite of, despite
Несоответствие – mismatch, discrepancy
Несоответствующий – inadequate, inappropriate
Нести – incur
производить расходы – to incur expenses
Нетто – net
Новинки – novelties
225
О
Обеспечение – security
Обеспечивать – to secure, to provide, to cover
Обоснованный – reasonable
Образец – specimen, sample
образец подписей – specimen signatures
Образчик – pattern
Обусловливать – to stipulate, to account for
Объявление – advertisement
Обязательство – obligation, engagement, commitment, liability
без обязательства – without obligation
Обязывать – to bind, to oblige
Овердрафт – overdraft
Оговорка –provision, stipulation, clause
Опыт – experience
Основная часть – bulk
Остаток – balance, remainder, rest
От имени – on behalf of
Ответственность – responsibility
нести ответственность – to bear responsibility
принимать на себя ответственность – to accept responsibility
Ответственный – responsible
Отвечать – reciprocate, reply, respond
Отзывать – to revoke, to withdraw
Отклонять – to decline, to reject
Отношение – respect, in respect of something
Отправлять – to send, to dispatch
Оферта – offer
твердая оферта – firm offer
Очевидный – evident, obvious
Разборчивый – discriminating
Развивать – to develop
Разумный – reasonable
Распоряжение – order, instructions
в нашем распоряжении – at our disposal
предоставить что-либо в наше распоряжение – to place something
at our disposal
Расходы – expense(s), charge(s)
банковские расходы – bank charges
накладные расходы – overhead charges
Ревизор – auditor
Реклама – advertisement
Сальдо – balance
сальдо в нашу пользу – balance in our favor
Сбор – dues, duty, fee
арбитражный сбор – arbitration fee
гербовый сбор – stamp duty
гербовый сбор по векселю – stump duty on the bill of exchange
портовые сборы – port dues
Сделка – transaction, deal
Сертификат – certificate
СИФ –cost, insurance, freight
Скидка – discount, allowance, reduction
228
С обратной почтой – by return post
События – developments
Согласно – according to, as per
Сожалеть – to regret
с сожалением сообщаем вам – we regret to inform you
Сокращение – slump
Соответственно – respectively
Соответствие – compliance
в соответствии с – in compliance with
Соответствовать – to correspond
Соответствующий – respective
Спецификация – specification
Спрос – demand
пользоваться спросом – to be in demand
Стоимость – value
стоимость товаров по контракту – contract value of the goods
застрахованная стоимость груза – insurance value
стоимостью в – to the value of
Страхование – insurance
Страховать – to insure
Счет – account, bill
ориентировочный счет – proforma invoice
Считать – to consider
Товар – goods
Товарообмен – barter
Торговец – merchant
Торговля – trade, commerce
Трассант – drawer
Трассат – drawee
Тратта – bill of exchange, draft
Требование – demand
по требованию – on demand
предъявить требование к кому-либо о чем либо – to make a
demand on somebody for something
229
У
230
Х
Хищение – pilferage
Ходатайство – application
Хотеть – to wish, would like
Хранение – storage
расходы по хранению – storage expenses
Хранить – to keep in custody, to store, to warehouse
Худший – inferior
Цена – price
базисная цена – basis price
колебание цен, диапазон цен – price-range
по цене в – at the price of
прейскурантная цена – list price
самая низкая цена – lowest price
скользящая цена – sliding price
снижение цен – price cut
твердая цена – firm price
Цитировать – to quote
Частичный – partial
частичная поставка – part delivery
Частичный взнос –installment
Чрезмерный – excessive
231
Э
Экспонировать – to exhibit
Экспортер – exporter
Экспортировать – to export
Эффективный – effective, efficient
232
APPENDIX IV
CASE STUDY
You (Bank IBS) have received a Letter of Credit from a bank which
requires your confirmation (expire date: 02/03/2010). As you do not have
any tines available for the issuing bank (BANK GREEN), they have
arranged for an irrevocable Reimbursement Undertaking be sent to you.
_
RFK: 091023GC50159211 Printed On: 2009-10-23 14:25:34
Page No: 2
:79: Narrative:
IS AS A RESULT IN DEFAULT? BIG BANK SHALL PAY ITS IRU
PARTICIPATION PORTION UPON RECEIPT OF THE CLAIM
SUBMITTED BY THE NEGOTIATING BANK.
TO THE EXTENT BIG BANK HAS ALREADY PAID THE IRU
PORTION OR PART THEREOF, THE NEGOTIATING BANK
SHALL REIMBURSE SUCH AMOUNT (TOGETHER WITH
WITH INTEREST) TO BIG BANK AND THE PROVISION OF THIS
CLAUSE SHALL APPLY.
BIG BANK SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO REIMBURSE THE
NEGOTIATING BANK TO SUCH EXTENT THAT NON
REIMBURSEMENT/REPAYMENT BY THE RECOURSE
PARTY IS DUE TO THE NEGOTIATING BANKS
NEGLIGENCE, GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILFUL
MISCONDUCT, NON OBSERVANCE OF THE TERMS OF
THE TRADE TRANSACTION, THE CLAIM AGAINST THE
RECOURSE PARTY NOT BEING VALID OR ENFORCABLE
FOR ANY REASON, OR THE NEGOTIATING BANK
HAVING MADE ANY PAYMENT WHICH (WHETRER DUE
TO FRAUD OR OTHERWISE) IT HAD NO LEGAL
OBLIGATION TO MAKE, OR A BREACH BY THE
234
NEGOTIANING BANK OF ANY WARRANTY AND/OR
UNDERTAKING SET OUT IN THE ABOVE. ANY
AMOUNTS ALREADY PAID BY BIG BANK TO
THENEGOTIATINGBANK IN RESPECT OF THE TRANSACTION
SHALL BEREIMBURSED TO BIG BANK WITH INTEREST.
Questions:
1) If you were the officer processing the LC and you receive above IRU
would you confirm the LC? Please explain/discuss your decision taken.
2) Please outline the advantages and/or disadvantages of using a
Reimbursement Authorization (MT740) under an LC transaction
− for the LC issuing bank
− for the claiming bank
235
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
236
Contents
Предисловие………………………………………………………3
Unit I
Business Letter Writing Conventions……………………………..4
Unit II
Commercial Correspondence……………………………………..33
Unit III
Banking Correspondence…………………………………………63
Unit IV
Agency Arrangements……………………………………………..100
Unit V
Documentary Letters of Credit……………………………………117
Unit VI
Documentary Collection………………………………………….153
Unit VII
Guarantees………………………………………………………..175
Appendix I………………………………………………………..194
Appendix II……………………………………………………….211
Appendix III………………………………………………………218
Appendix IV……………………………………..……………….234
Заключение………………………………………………………237
237
Учебное издание
Марина Владимировна Афанасьева
Галина Германовна Пушкина
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Финансовый университет
125993 (ГСП-3), Москва, Ленинградский проспект, 49
Отпечатано в ООП Финансового университета
238