MAGAZIN: B MUPE HAYKH SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Visganne Ha pycckom A3bIKeSCIAM-MAGAZIN S3damenocmbo MUP nipedtaraem: K. Tecapmex, K. Komapex KANUMNAPHBIE KONOHKU B TA30BON XPOMATOFPAOUN Tlepeson ¢ wewicxoro Asropbi KHUrM — waBecTHbIe 4ell- ‘eKme Wccneposarenn 8 onacTH kanunnapHoa xpomarorpacnn — 8 HeGONbWOA Kure CyMenH OxBa- TWTb BC@ OCHOBHbIE AcreKTeI Ka- AMANApHOA xpoMaTorpacbuit: O0- HOBbI TeopHM KANMUNNAPHEIX KONO- HOK B Tas0BOA xpoMaTorpacun, MeTOREI ux NoNyYeHAA, OCOGeHHO- ‘CTH annaparypbi, ucnonbsyeMon 8 kanunnapHon —xpomatorpacbun, OCHOBHbIe HanpaBNeHMA ee NpaK- ‘THuecKOrO NPUMeHEHHA. Vs orsbisa ~—_ mpocbeccopa BLT. Bepeskuia: +AKTHBHOe o- nonbeoBanne KanMnnapHbix KonO- HOK OOBACHRETCA npexye Bcero x Gonswon sd>cbeKTHBHOCTEIO H, cnegopatensHo, Sonbuier paspe- wa‘owWeA cnocobHOCTEIO NO cpa HEHMIO C OBbINHBIMM HACAAOUHEI- My KOnOHKaMM. Ana xumnxos-ananuTuKos, cneywanucTos 8 oGnactu HedTe- xwMai, cbapMauesTHuecKon xM- mn, OHOXMMUM. 1987, 12.1. Hewa 2 p. Tipemmapsremiote 2axa3u1 na xv peanycxa 1987 r. ‘MpMHMNalOTCR MarasMMAMH HayaHO-TexHHYecKOM sTepETYpEE canpena-mas 1986 rona. &B MMPE HAYRH CTATBM 4 16 28 40 70 78 PYBPUKU 3 15 27, 47, 69, 92, 99 88 4 107 Scientific American - Usgqanue Ha pycCKoM A3bIKe JLMOCTPUPOBAHHIM 2KYPHAI TIEPEBOA C AHTJIMACKOLO - BLIXOAMT 12 PA3 BOA - HIZAETCA C 1983 TOA M3AATENBCTHO «MUP» MOCKBA N° 4. AMPED b 1986 B Homepe: T-knetka Wee peyentop — duaunna Mappax, [acon Kannaep ‘T-11eTKH HrpaioT KmOeByIO por B cnocoGHocTH OpranH3Ma GOPOTHCA C BHPYCHBINH HHI EKUHIAN, TaKXKE YYACTRYIOT B OTTOPAEHHN epecaxKeHHON HyKePOIMOM TKAHH. CefuaC CTANOBATCH NOHATHEIM MONEKyAApHLIC MEXaMHSMBI 9THX Mpoueccon, (Scientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) CpegHesekosan acTpoOHOMnA B CTpaHax ucnaMa = Oyu Funepuy B cpeanue sexa acTpoHOMHA, HAXORMBUIAKCA B 3acTOe B Espone, nepexupana pacuBeT B CTpanax cnaMa. ACTPOHOMBI 9110xXH BO3POXKACHHA YYHIHCh 0 COMMHCHHAM HCAMCKHX YXEHBIX, KOTOPHIE B CBOIO ONEPEAb coxpantini u paamium ZocTHAKeHNR RpERHHX FpeKOR (Scientific American, April 1986, Vol. 254, No. 4) Ceitcmmueckne nso6paxeHuia rpaHny nuToctbepHeix NNT —Zlxow C. Mammep Tloceimas akycTHYCCKHe CHTHANbI, OTPAKAIOWIMECR OT CHOEB NOPOMbI NOD MOPCKHM AHOM, H PerHCTPHPYS: OTPAKeHHBIe HMNYZBCbI ¢ TOMOLIbIO GoMBUIOTO 4HCNA AeTeKTOPOB, MOXHO Mony4HT «HI06paxeHHA” CTPYKTypbt 2eMHOM KOPLI B OGNACTAX CE MPKEHNM M PAIADIPKEHNA AMTOC|EPHEIX NANT (Scientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) Cepaue kak sHAoKpMHHaA Kenesa — Mapx Kaxmen, Kar ene Cepane — 970 ne npocro wacoc. Henasto Otito oGHapyxeHo, TO B MPenCepANAK BEIpaGaTBIBACTCH TopMo# — mpercepansit HaTpuilypeTHYecKH akTOp. ITO ReWIeCTHO, BIaNMONERCTBYR C APyTUM rOp- MonaMn, OB€cTICNHBACT TONKYIO PErYsIAUMO AABNEHNS H OBBEMA KPOBH (Scientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) BoccosqaHne cbunorexesa nTHy No pesynbTaTam conoctasneHuA HK Yapaa Me. CuBau, Macon 3. Onxaucr Pasnusua Mexay IIHK orpaxator aMpeprenttto BiLIOB B xOe 3BOMOUN. ITO NosBONAET OCCORsATE KAPTHHY BETRNIEHUS ANH 2BOMOUNONNOTO PAIBNTHR, OUEHHTE BPEMR HX PACKO*UTEHNA H CO- 3maeT OcHORY ALIA KTACCHA>MKALDIH NTHUL, CyMIECTBYIOLUNX B HACTORLLIEE BPEMR Geientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) VickyccTso KaMeHHOM KNaAKM y MHKOB — Xav-ITeep HIpomyen Coxpanusuimecs COopyXEHIR HHKOB CIOKEHBI H3 OrPOMHBIX KAMEHHBIX GOKOB, TAK TUNATEMBMO NonOrHaHMBIX nPYT K APyTY, TO B URE He BXONMT H EIBHE Hoxka. Kaxne cnocoGs mpiMenaztn HHIKH ana n06u14H, penx, o6paGOTKK H TpancnopTuponKH Kamei? B nowckax OTBeTOB Ha 3TH BoNPOCH! anrop nonpoGopan cam TecaT’ it OOpa6aTbiBATe KAMHH B OHOMI MS CTapbIx KaMeHOMOMEH HHKOB Geientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) Bunbam Tepwent 1 cTaHoBneHe CoBpeMeHHOM ACTPOHOMMM — Maia Xocwur Busan Pepuiens OTKpBIN THIcmNK 38€3 H TYMAHHOCTER ¢ NOMOLILIO TeeCKONOB, KOTOPEIE NOCTPONA cam, Ero HaGmoncHHa 4 BBIBOMSI PASHBHHYTH TPAHHBI ACTPOHOMMH, BKMOGHE B MIX UccTeTORAHHE OGvexros 3a npenenanm Contexnol cucteset Gcientific American, February 1986, Vol. 254, No. 2) Conveunble npoty6epaHiib! —_X./7. Baaecmep, Hi. Kaever Ces nanGonee mnevaramouuix stennil, Ha6mosacmerx 8 aTMocbepe Conmua, BbLMERMOTER Tak Hasbi- ‘Baembie npoTyGepanubi — BeICTynsi, BUAUMELe Ha KpalO AHICKA cBeTHINA (Investigacion y Ciencia, Niimero 109, Octubre 1985) 06 astopax 50 v 100 ner Hasag Hayka 1 o6wecTBO Hayka soxpyr Hac SaHumarenbHbih KoMNbIOTep Bu6nuorpacuaSCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ‘Jonathan Piel PRESIDENT AND EDITOR BOARD OF EDITORS Philip Morrison ROOK EDITOR ‘Armand Schwab, Jr. Timothy Appenzeiler John M.Benditt Peter G. Brown David L.Cooke, Jr. ‘Ari W. Epstein Michael Feirtag Gregory R. Greenwell Robert Kunzig James T.Rogers. Ricki L.Rusting ‘Samuel L. Howard "ART DIRECTOR Richard Sasso PRODUCTION MANAGER George S.Conn GENERAL MANAGER Gerard Piel CHAIRMAN © 1986 by Scientific American, Inc. ‘Tosapuiti sak Scientific American, ero TexcT # wipwdproBee ofopmenie anmorca ekmoulrremuonl coGcTDeHHocTHIO Scientific American, Inc. enonso0Batibi 3neck B cooTBETCTBINE ‘¢ sMENSHOHHLIM OTOBOPOM B MHPE HAYRH THABHBIA PERAKTOP CA. Kannya SAMECTHTEsTb FIABHOFO PEAAKTOPA 1.8. Wenenes HAYMHME PEAAKTOPM 3.E.Komanona O.K.Kyapagos T.A.Pymanuesa A.M.Cmorpos ‘A.10.Kpacuonesyes: JMTEPATYPHBIE PEDAKTOPM 'M.M.flonosa M.B.Cypososa XYMOKECTBEH MLA PEAAKTOP C.A.CrynoB SABEAYOWAR PERAKUNER V.B.Slynéea. PYKOBOMMTEAL rPYTINi GOTOHABOPA C.ASMMOB, ‘TEXHHYECKMA PEDAKTOP LP. Syprnna, KOPPEKTOP. P.T.BuoKe OSOPMAEHME PYCCKOFO H3DAHMA M.T>KyKoB UPHeTOBMIE PABOTB B.B.Edumos AaPEC PEAAKUNH 129820, Mockea, FCN 1:8 PUKCKMA nep., 2 TENE@OH PEMAKUNM 286.2588 © epenoa ua pyccxult six mogopmeune, «Mup, 1986, Ha o6noxke CPEAHEBEKOBAA ACTPOHOMUA B CTPAHAX UCNAMA Ha gororpadun wsoGpaxena mennas acrponaGua — aByMepHas «Kapra» neGa, LINPOKO HenOMBSOBABUIARCS B CPEsHME BEKA HeTaMCKHMH ACTPOHOMAMM (CM. cTa- ‘teio O. Punrepuva «Cpeakepexonan acTpowomus B CTpavax HcmaMa» Ha c. 16 ). OcrpoKonewne ykasaTenH Ha TONBHXkHOM pesHoM aMcKe («nayke») OnpenenmoT nonoxxene OcHontbix ape3a. TyTeM mpalilela «nayKa» BOKPyF eHTPAbHOR OCH ‘MOKHO BOCMPOMSBORHTS CyTOMHOE ABHKeHHE 3Be311 BOKPyT CepepHOTO NlOmIOCA MBH pa, Bnaroaaps KOopaHNaTHofl CeTKe, BITPABUPOBAHMOM Ha HIDKHEM CNAOLIHOM AcKe, MOXHO ONPeslEnSTE os1O>KeHNe 3BE3z] 110 OTHOLIEHMIO K TOPHIONTY H MEpH- auany. ActponsGua Gbua wso6perena 8 [pesuen peu, Ho W3 BCex MHCTpyMeH- ‘TOR, BPM HITOTOBNCHHA KOTOPKIX H3RECTHO, CAMBIM CTAPKIM sANKICTCR HI06pa- 2KeuNBIA Ha hoTorpadsm. ra actponaGus Gosia wsroTOBHIEHA MycysAbMAHUHOM 110 enn Hactyzyc 8 927—928 rr. 1.9, 8 HacTostlee pena xpanutes B KypeitTcKOM HanWoHanbHoM Myaee. Ynnoctpayun ‘OGNOOKA:¢ paspeutentin AL-Sabah Collection, Kuwait National Museum CTP, ABTOPINGTOUHMK CTP. ABTOPIMCTONHMK CTP. ABTOPIMCTOUHINK S Andrew G.Far, 43 Andrew Chie oan tancugen 2 ee ite 0 Aeron tee Wakinsiescoot A$ KeimAsomavite —Sattanan Peak of Medicine (eaepxy), Andrew Observatory 6-13 Bunji Tagawa Christie (enusy) (esepx)), Magda 7 Own Ciagaich, 4057 Puen Wie Set eae, [Sey OH ee Eakin E Ca Pare 81 Magiataa 16,10 Hank ten, Walken eee tkeesy 20 St oe eral Eteaee Thoms Brite tomy) ome et 220 Osan, Walken 6264 Michal Goodman te Graphics a iy os 24 Bodleian Library, Roberts (au3y) a ea, California at 82 Instituto de University of Oxford Berkeley Astrofisica de 28,20 Jotn W. Ladd, 5 Pata Goodman a ‘Lamont-Doherty, 71 Sky Publishing 83 High Altitude Canora Soe coe Observatory: 72 The Granger ‘National Center for (eeepxy), George Collection ‘Atmospheric Retseck (enu3y) 73 Quesada/Burke, Research, 30, 31 George Retseck courtesy of the New patrocinado por la 32.53 Cones Monde, Foufusietiey —-Rereaures 20 ee ow ee Reunice Patol (oer). Seeray tiie New 4 Magda Maria ety FouPestetinery Ry (enusay) (esepxy), Royal E. Priest 24,98 Sohn C-Mauer, gooey oe ome Sey tony) Caen oe Geolopea Saas 8 US onl Sey ree 36, 37 George Retseck 76 Quesada/Burke, ‘Sacramento Peak $6 Lament Behe Seercicte Serum, Covi GouPuoleteay groaned Observatory 78 Cortesia del Naval Observatory 40 Andrew Christie Research Laboratory (enpaga) ‘Mare Contin 2001 Nicht Goodnan 2 hots A Somerite tar ilarO6 abmopax Philippa Marrack, John Kappler (DH- JIMMINA MAPPAK, I0KOH KATI- TUIEP «T-xnetxa ce peuentop») — cynpyri, corpyanuxn Haunonamnoro enpeficKoro ueHTpa uMMYHOAOT HEH H3- ‘yaeuni pecnupatopnbix 3aGonenanuil m Jleunepe. Mappax — npoipeccop mean- uns, GHoxunanst, Gnodusixt u renter xu, Kannnep — npodeccop meamuuet, uixpoGwoztorsut st uMMynosioriit 8 Ha- yaHo-vecTedosaTenbcKoM —MemHuit cKom uenTpe Komtopasicxoro yHusepcu- ‘tera. Mappax yuunacs 8 KemOpunx- ckom yunpepentere; 8 1970 r. nonyanna ‘TaM cTentenb 2OKTOpa gutTOcopi 3a He- cneaosanns, KoTOpbie Ona pena B KeM- Spuxxcxo na6oparopun Moxexynap- Hof Guomtornn CoseTa MenHuMHcKHX we- cnezonanut. Kannaep nomyann auntos Yunpepeurere JIuxah (1965 r.), cre- ent goKTopa dunocopun —B Yun- Bepewrere Bpanzefica (1970 r.). Baecte © Mappax paGoran » Kambopnuticxom yanpepentere 8 Can-JIero; 8 1973 r. ms oGa nepeumnu » Memiumicxyt0 1iKo- ny Pouecrepckoro yHumepcutera, a B 1979 r: — w Konopancenii ymmmepcurer. Owen Gingerich (OYSH TMHTEPHY «Cpenvienexouast ACTPOHOMUS B CTPaHaX es1aan) — actpodusnx Cvurreonone- Koll acrpodirauseckon o6cepeaTopH B Kem6piunxe mpoipeccop acrporomin w ntcTopin naykit 8 FappapacKons y1tn- nepewrere. Oxonsnn Touencki® Kon- nnemox B 1951 r.; crenenn MarneTpa H 20- ropa ustocogut nonywen 8 Papsapa- cxOM yupepesttere w 1953 H 1962 Fr. co- corverersento. C 1985 no 1958 r. npe- mmonawan acTponommio n usHKy 8 AMe- ukanicKoM ynuepcnTere 8 Belipyte; ‘TaM OM Ht NlosHaKOMIUTCA Ha MpaAKTHIKe MycyaibMarickim kanenaapem. [unre uw nuwer: «lla sropas neens moero nnpeSsinani » Belipyre, Koraa MeHR n0- DOCH YTOuHITS aaty HoBOAyHHA B rnpeacrosinute eckobKo ecatten. JU He aut, 3aveM 9TO NoHaNOGuETOC, Ht TPO- To cooGuuta mary actpowommuecKoro HOBOAYHHA TO MOpeKOMY ExErOAMHKY. Oxasuisaetex, mycyamMancene pasa LHRH cneayIOT He 32 ACTPOHOMHECKH MIL HopOnYHURAAH, a OTCHHTHIBAIOTER OT {ATH NepBoro MORBAEHER AYHHOTO cep na cnyeTa s18a HUAN Tp! AHR NOCZIE HOBO ayn, B ynunepcrrercxom cnpanoxn- Ke Ha TOT rom Ha¥ano pamaiiania 61100 ‘avo Henpanitnbsto 1 Ko Mite Gombe He ‘obpaulamics € TaKoR npocbGoMt».. John C. Mutter (0KOH C. MATTEP «Ceflemmveckne Hs00paxKenia rpanvu aurrocibepHbix Tutt») — MOpcKoR ceft- eMonor, aoueHT Ha Kaenpe Teonormit KoymGuflexoro yuusepeurera Hay4- uniit corpyanux Peonoruueckon o6cep- garopsmt Jlamont-[loopTn, pxoamutent 8 coctas 3Toro xe yHusepcuTeTa. Pomiin- ca 8 Ancrpanuu, creme» Gaxanaspa no usuxe Maremaruxe nony4nn B Menb- GyplickoM yupepewrere, cTenenb Maruetpa — s Cuaeficko. PaGoran 5 Ancrpamitcxom Gtopo xamepazbieix Pecypcos. Creneus aoxropa du0co- un nonysnn » KonymOuticxom yaumep- curete, Mare Cantin, Jacques Genest (MAPK KAHTEH, 2KAK 2KEHE «Cepaue Kak SMAOKPHEHAA *eNIe3a») — COTPYANIKH ‘Vinerutyra xaunnsecknx uccnenosanuft B Monpeane, rne 2Kene — Kowcyms- rant, a Karen — sanenyrouunttt 1a60- Paropuell naronorun M pykoBonKTenb MeXANCUMMAMHaPHOM uecmenOBATEMTbC- Kofi rpyrinsi no wsyyeusio runepToHuue- cKHX apnennit. Oa ONK sBAKOTCA Mpoteccopamu Kadenpbi 9xcnepHMeH- TambHoM Menuusmer Yunpepcureta Max-Tunna; Kanten taxxe podeccop maTonornu, a Keune npodeccop menuus- nut Moupeansckoro yupepenrera. Kanren nonywum cremenu Gaxanaspa (1953 r.) w aoxTopa Menuusnes (1958 Fr.) » Vitunepewrere JIapana (Kae6er), cre- eH ZoKTopa dusocodu (1962 r.) B Moxpeamscxom yxunepcutere. C 1962 no 1965 r. paGoran » Uuxarcrom yun- Bepcurtere Ha Kacbeape natonorun. Co- ‘pyaxux Monpeansexoro yausepcuTe- ta ¢ 1965 r., Mncrutyra Kimnsecknx uiccnegosanutt c 1980 r., YuusepcureTa Max-Tunna ¢ 1983 r. 2Kene cran Gaxa- alaspom (1937 Fr.) m OKTOPOM MenHUN- st (1942 r.) » Mompeamscxom yHnmep~ curere. 3arem paSoran p Gonbunue Orenb-JIvé 8 Monpeane, » Yiuwepen- tere Zxonca Tonxunca, 8 Tapsapa- cKOM yHMBepeHTere H » Poxesepon- ‘cKoM mnctHTyTe. C 1965 r. — coTpyn- unix Mompeanbexoro yHusepcutera, 1970 r. — Yanwepeurera Max-Dusaa. Charles G. Sibley, Jon E. Ahiquist (HAPI3°— IDK. CMBIIM, — KOH 9. OJIKBUCT «Boccosaanne dutore- Mesa NTHULTIO pesynbTaraM conocTaBm ava ux HK». CuGau nonyann crenens AOKTOpa dumocopun B oGNacTH 30020- Tan B Kanudopunitcxom yuumepcurere 8 Bepkau 3 1948 r. PaGoran » Konnen- xxe Can-Xoce 1 8 Kopuesmcxom yunwep- cutere. B 1965 r. can cotpyammxom Heawcxoro ynupepcutera, rae B HacTo- auiee Bpema on npodeccop Guorornn. Bynywn cnewnamictom no GHosormn THU, 3aHMMaeT TaKRKe AomMkHOCTE xpa- untena p Menbcxom my3ee ectectseH- Hoit ncTopun TuGoam; ¢ 19700 1976 r. Gin auperropom yToro Mysea. Oxx- BucT nony4un cTeneH® Gaxanaspa no Guonoruu 8 KopxenncKom yusmepen- Tete, cTeneHM MaricTpa H AoKTopa a Qunocomun — » Memsexom ynusepen- ete, C 1972 no 1977 r. cocroas w n0mx- HocTH HOMOWHHKA xpaHUTenA B My3ce TiuGoau; ¢ 1977 r. paGoTaet TaM B co- cTape MecnenoBaTenscKof rpynmbt Kak opuuronor. C 1981 r. seneT TaxKe Hay¥no-HccnenoBaTenbeKy!0 paGory wuraet nexunn no Guonorum 8 Hens. ‘cKOM yxuBepcureTe. Jean-Pierre Protzen (KAH-IIBEP MIPOTUEH «Hcxyccrso xamennoft WAOKH y MHKOB») — 3anenyioumif Ka- eapoti_Kaaudopuuiickoro ynupepen- ‘Tera s Bepxau. B 1954 r. oxom4n xon- nea Can-Muuena Bo pu6ype, Uefuapua. Apxuttextypy wsyxan 8 uspetittapcxom DenepanbHom TexHono- TuwecKom wicTuTyTe, 3aTeM 8 JloxaNn- (cKoM ynusepeuere, rae » 1962 r. sauuH- ‘Tux aunaiom. C 1956 no 1967 r. crenma- swsupopanca B oGnacTH mpoMsiuimen- Horo MPOMsBoNCTBA AWIKIX G:10KOB. Crumenaua, sbitexennax Tpotucny umeftuapexua Hanonanbneim donnom nayanbix MecnenoBaNHi, nosBonHTa ey nposoanTs 8 Bepkau ccnenonanna To npoGzemam mpunsTHn peusent w a XHTKTyPHOM MpoexTHpoBanus. OcHos- bie paGoTeI NOcRAULeHBI TeOpHH H Me- ‘TomaM npoexTHposaHus. Michael Hoskin (MAAKJI XOCKMH «Busan Tepuiens 4 cranonnenue con- PeMeHHoR actpononut>) posrnannseT xadeapy HeTopHn nay m dunocomian KestGpnarecxoro ynusepcurera, soa- eren Taxxe pexropos Yepawnns-Kon- nema 3ToTo we yupepenera. Haywa.t MareMariny 8 JlonaoHcKOM ynusepen- Tere, re 1951 r. nonysiu1 crenene 6a- xanaspa, a 5 19521. —crenen Ma- Tuctpa. B 1956 r. 8 KenGpmxxe emy Guina npucnoena crenenb xoKTopa gui- aocopuit 8 oGnacTH anreSpanuecKoft TeoMerpint. 3areM OH yoreKcx HCTOpH- ft nayxu wc 1957 no 1959 rr. (nepex ne- Pexozom » KemOpumxcktif! yHumepcn- ‘Ter) ‘Ta meKUMHt MO 3TOMY Kypey B Tlettuecrepexom yuumepeurere. Xocknt ‘ceunamaupyeten no Bonpocant HeTO- HH 3BeSnHOR actpoHOMIDI. JL. Ballester, J. Kleczek (X.J1. BAJI- ECTEP, Hi. KIIEYEK «Connewie poryGepanutt») copMectHo pa6oTani lo TaHHOMi Teme BO Bpens oATOTOBKH, X. Banbectepom om pykonostcTaom Kaeyexa noxropexofl auiccepraiuin 10 usuxe. Knevex — nenyuuiti ucenenopa- ‘Ten’ Onapxeftosckoro actponomuue- cxoro muctutyta AH YCCP, npenons et 8 Kapnosom ynusepcurere s Fpare. PaGotan no npurnauieniio m xayectse npenoaasarena » CCCP, Toananamn, CIA n apyrux erpanax. Baaectep mpenoaaer 8 YuupepewtercKoft uxos1e iia Kadeape dusuKH 3emu u KocMoca 8 Yuneepewrere r. Tania wa o-ne Maanopa.T-kyleTKa H ee pelleliTop T-KN@TKY UrpaloT KMOYeBy!0 Poslb B COCcOGHOCTH OpraHusma GopoTeca Cc BUpYCHbIMU MHGbeKYMAMY, a TakoKe YYaCTByIOT B OTTOPKEHUY NepeCAKeHHON YyKEPOMHON TKaHU. Cevivac CTaHOBATCA NOHATHBIMU MONeKyNApHble MeXaHU3Mb! 3TUX NPOL|eccoB @VUNUNNA MAPPAK, A>KOH KANNMNEP. JETKH anmyaton ewcTemst 10- KK iment esnaator enocss HocTIO yaHasaT nonapume B OpramitoM anrTHreHbt, T. €. 4y2KePOMHEIE BEULECTHA HAH 4aCTHUL. 3a YSHABAHHEM ANTHTeHa cneayeT HMMYHILIM OTBET, KoTopomy cpoticTnennia nopasirenbHar cneundusiocrs. Hanpumep, 4eoBeK, ¥ KoToporo nyTeM BakiuiHatt cosmalt MMMYHHTeT NpoTHB ocnui, G6ymeT yeroftune x 3apaxensto EUpYCOM OCT, Ho ne Bupycom rpunna. B 70-¢ — 80-€ roast Gbi10 yeTaHoBTeHo, 4To B en1oco6- HOCTH HMMYIHOR cHcTeMet cnewHoHHe- CRM PearMpoRaTh ¢ BHPYCAMH BaXKHE!- Iyio pom UTpAlOT MesIKHE KTETKH OCO- Goro Tuna, HastrBaemere T-nunboustra- ‘aut soit T-kneTKann. T-KNETRH RB:TRIOT- m1 HeOGXOMHMBM YHACTHKOM HMMYH- Horo oTReTa M Ha GakTepHambHbte HH- bexunn. Curraetes, #70 peio aTy axtusniocts Mpupoawt 8 nefcrawe BcTpoeHHaR B MemOpany T-KneTKH MOMeKYMa, HASBI- saean peientopom. Fipeamonaraerc, To Monexyna aHiTHreHfa H MomeKY.7a De- nentopa cooTneTcTayioT apyr ApyTy, Kak K704 H-3EMOK, H, KOTAA OHH Coed WmIOTCR, BKMIOWACTCR cnOmHAR tem Guoxmniueckwx mponeccos, cocranns- roux simMyneIA oTBeT. Tlo uenoMy pany npisan peuenrop T-kneToK oven ‘TYAHO BBLIENNTS B MHICTOM BHLTE H 0 NocnenHeTo BpeMeHH © eTo cBoficTBAX CyAMAH MO KOCHEHHDIM aHHBIM, He Men TORHBIX cREseHHi O CTPYKTYDE. Cenwac crpyxtypa peuentopa oxasa- Tach B HEHTpE BHUMAHR. Haywenme cTpyktypst peuentopa ‘T-kneTox mpuposT x Gonee rny6oKoMy MowUMAHMIO BcerO KOMMTeKCa B3AHMO- nelicTauit 3TH KneTOK c MpYTHMH 37e- MeHTaMH HNMyHHOM cHeTeMbI. B ¥acT- HOCTH, BBISCHILTOCE, HTO T-nMMOLH- ‘Tel Cmy:Kar, 1O-BHAMMOMY, CMeLMATEHO GIR ATAKH Ha MHGeKUMOHHEI areHT, cunabisa1ouMniica ¢ KNETKAMH, a He CBO- Gontio wipxyaupyioumil 8 xposit Hunk pyrHx acHAKOCTAK opranitaMa. LAR BbI- NomHeHus 9Toft pom penentop T-Kac- TOK NOMKeH yaHARATS He TOMBKO chen usecxnit arruren, Ho H onpenenennbte MemOpanmpie Genxu camix xneToK opra- uaa. TaxoR Mexanu3M y3HaBaHua He- ‘oGxomuMO epxkaTe om XKeCTKHM KOH- ‘Tponem, mave T-KneTKH MOryT aKTHBH- PosaTscs OnMHMH GenkaMu OpraHusMa- 4XOIAMHAY H MEPEKTIONTHCH HA YHHY- ‘Toxene ero 3n0pOBLAK KaeTOK. CHOx- WocTh H TOHKaR cBanaxcHpoRaHHOcTe pottecca y3iiaBanua MpHBOAT KO MHO- THM yaHBHTenbHLIM cpoficTnam T-xae- Tox. Hanpumep, T-xierxn Gxterpo BosMeMICTBYIOT Ha MepecaxKeHHyI0 XH- PYPIHYECKIM NyTEM 4y>KyIO TRAE, Bht- auiRaa ee OTTOpKeHMe (NOITOMY Hy'e- ue peuentopa T-xnevox npencTawnxeT Gombuloh unttepec 8 xupypri).. 'YIECTBYIOT Ba ocHoBHbIx K1ac- {cA MMpOUNTOS, OTBETETBEHNEIX 3a Yswapanne cmenspuweckux awrure- wos: T-knerxu n B-xnereu. Mi Te # py- THe MPOHCXOART 3 KOCTHOTO Mo3Ta, HO ‘T-knereu nperepnesaiot namsuettinee PAIBHTHe B BHNOHKOROA %erTese, uIH ‘Tumyce (9TOT opraHt y weoBeKa pactio- sloxXext 3a rpyzuMHOR KOCTbIO). Kak B-, ‘Tax 4 T-KneTKH LMPYAMPYIOT B KPOBH H auMe H CKOHLCHTPHPOBAHEI B OCHOB- MIX THMDaTHYECKHX opraHax — y BEI- cHNX MOSROHOUNIX HM sBNRIOTCR auMparuueckite y3iM HW cenesenKa. TiponomxuremsHocts HSH 9THX KoIe- ‘TOK MOBOMIBHO ReTHKa: TAK, y WerOBeKA uM MoryT cyulecTBOBATs, He Mensch, romana. OnHaxo 8 OTSeT Ha aHTHTeH smMGounTbt cyulecTReNHo ysenuuiBa- 1OTCH B pasMepax, ObIcTPO MeNRTER H ce- KpeTupyloT pa Genkonsix daxTopor cmocoBcTayIOMUNx ynanenMIO H3 opr HH3Ma BTOPrUIXcs Tyaa MiKPOGOB HI ‘UY:KePOMMBIX YacTHL H BeLIeCTS. Vianectno, To neppowavameitttt un- MyMMMI oTseT B-k1eToK Ha anTureH omlocpeayercn _GemKOM-peltenTopoM, PACHONOKEHHKIM Ha KNETOUKOM MeM- Gpane. Aururen ceasbisaeten c peien- ‘TopoM M 3TO cTuMysHpyeT B-KIETKH K Aenenmo 1 audipepenunponxe, TaK 4TO oGpaayerca KOH MinasMaTHMECKHX KIe- ‘TOK, CexXPeTHPYIOUINX AHTHTEsIa ¢ TAKOR ake creuupusnocrsio, Kak y peuenTopa Poawemcrolt B-xnerku. Morexyast aurntena 4 peuenrTopa wexoanoh B- xTeTKH, ¢ KOTOPOR cBASATCA aHTHTeH, RaeHTHanGt c TOR mn pastel, YTOB Genxe-pettenTope na Korte HMceTes 10- RONMHTeMbHBIA Y¥AaCTOK MIA cBAgbIBA- us ¢ MemGpavol, a y aTirena 3Toro «axopHoro» cermerra ner. H penento- bt B-K1eToK, # aNTHTena Ha3BIBaiOT awynornobynunann. AnTarena, no- nap 8 xpos HAH auMey, cBASBIDaIOTCR ‘TaM CO CBOOONHBIM aHTHFEHOM H TEM caMBIM MeTAT efo ANA nanbHeliuiero DASpYLICHHR apyTHMH KONMONeHTaME MMyHHOR CHCTEMBI. Sra cxema «orGopan («cenextutn») ANTHTEHOM H3 MHOMECTHA pasMHMHEIX B-xneToK ono onpenenennoh 3a ce ‘eniocobiiocts, cexpeTuposats aitritrera AaNHOMy axTureny o6pasoBstsaTb KOH nony¥Hna NasBaHHe «KAGHATBHO- cerexusonnas Teopxan. Ona sina pas- paGorana 8 1960-¢ ronsi ®. BepneTom ug Macturyra Menmuncnsix ceneso- anu Yonrepa # 3auae Xonn » Memb- 6ypre, 1. Taamemxom 3 Hinxarcxgro yiusepcutera nH. Epie, 8 TO spema coTpyanikom Beempiol! opranutsani anpasooxpanenin. B MeMOpaHocassaHHoM BAe, T.€. B Pons pettertropa B-KietoK, uMMyHO- raoGymmet npicyTcTayIoT w opraitns- Me B O¥eHD wanbix KonMuecTBaX. Tlocme cruncysiimn B-KneTRH aHTHTeHOM OHH TORBAMOTCA B CHIBOPOTKE ® GombitIOM KONHYECTBE B PACTBOPHMOM Bie. AH- TutTena cexpeTUpyIOTes M HeKOTOPEIMH Bexnctouiniat onyxonasnt, xanprimep MnasMaunToMan, flocTymHocT® pac- TBOPHMBIX ANTHTeR B CpaBHHTeTbHO BeICOKOM xoHUCHTpANM H TOT }aKT, NTO K@ANIOC AHTHTETO CBAIBIBAETCR ¢ anTHreHoM, BecbMa oGneruaioT nomyse- ue ownucnnsix noantyHoraoGyanHoB, a cnenopaTenbHo, H Hay¥eHHe petenTO- pos B-kneroK. Peuentop T-KieToK s1onroe BpeMn ocrapasien HeynoBHMBiM. T-KeTKI, KaK w B-KneTRH, OTBeNaIOT Ha aNTHTeH sene- eM H aMdbepeHuMpoBKOR, B pesys- ave wero O6pasyloTcR KNONBI RECKON xuix suinos T-kneToK, crewudusnsne x manniomy antureny. LlroroxcieckneT-KNETKA \ EE PEWENTOP 5 T-cneTast casstipatoros c BupycibiM ait ‘TUFeHOM, 2KCNOHNpORAKHLIM Ha nO- epXHOCTH 3apaxeHHOR BUPYCOM KTeT- xsl H yOunaior ee. Cynpeccopute T- KNETKH MOMABNAIOT HMMyHHBIA OTBET Wa jaNnBifl ANTHTeN cnycTA HeKOoTOPOe pems ocne ero navana. Xennepte T- neTKH MpHCOeAHHMOTCH K aNTHTeHaM, CcHmAHMLIM Ha TloBepxHOcTH B-K7eTOK, hhocne Yero cexpeTupyloT TopMoHonO- OGHBIe BeMlecTBa, HasbIBaeMBIe JNM ‘oxnnawi, xoTopiie criocoBerByIOT 1e- aenitto 1 audyd_penumponke B-kneTOK. Taxus o6pasom, Mouumstf paspyum- ‘TenbuBtit nloTenunan B-KiIeTOK MoxeT peaMusOBATECR TONGKO, MPH HanHNHHt ABYx CHTHasIOB: Pork Mepporo cHrHaTa eficrayiouutit c peuerrropom B-KneTOK, Pom BToporo — anTureH, cansaNMbif ¢ MoBepxHocTsio B-KneTKH M_ B3aNMO- ‘eficrayrouuit c peuentopo T-KneTOK. Cama T-xaersat nuxoraa He anddbe- [PeHUNPYIOTCA B KNeTKH, NPOHIBOARUIE anturena. Cnenosatemuo, B Tamme or peuentopa B-wierox, peuentrop T- KAeTOK TpyAHO MOnyWITS B DOCTATON- HOM KOMMYeCTBE B DILIE KAMMYECKH cToro wemecTsa, YTo HeOGXORMMO AnH ero anamusa. Tak Kax KOHCTPYKIHA HIM- Myvioro6ynuvios wa peakocTs yaauia w 2bdexTHBHOCTS UX B ySHABaHMM AHTHTe- WOR HeoOxt¥aftHo BenuKa, LOTTOe BpeM cunranocs, wro T-KneTKH Toxe Meno SYIOT HX B KaNecTBe PeienTOpos ANIA aN ‘THreHoB. 'HOTHE uccnenoparenn ronan MBITaNch HATH MMMyKOrNOGy- ‘AMMBI Ha MoBepAHocTH T-xneTOK WA OGuapyauiTe Hx cexpeumio 9THMH KaeT- ann. XOTA TOCre HACTORMHBEIX MOHC~ KOB ylasioce NlOKasaTe, 4TO cynpeccop- pie T-KeTKH MOTYT CBRSBIBATH aHTH- Fe € MOMOUIBIO MOMICKYZI, CKOAHBIX ¢ MMMyHOrTOGysMHaMM, aHHBIe MHO- 2KeCTBa 3KCTEPHMEHTOB rOBOpILIH O Tom, 470 Gombuiak Wacts T-KneTOK HE UMeeT OTHOUIEHHA x MMMyHOrTOByAH- am, T-KleTkH He TomBKo He cekpeTHpY= JT HMMyHOrAOGyANHBL, HO He comep- 2kAT UX HM Ha MeMGpaHe, HH B LHTO- masme. Tloxazano Taxxe, yro B T- xaetkax ner MPHK, Tpancxpu6uposan- Holl crevos umMyHorno6ynHow. Bonee urpaer coBonNsia auTHTeH, wsaKMo- sOBYYEHNE> & Tamyce cooSwaer T-nmmcbountam cnocos- HOcTb OTniwaTe KeTKM CBOerO OprahHaMa OT Hy>KEPOAHEIX Ha oron cbororpacbuu (ysennuerine x 20 900) augen TaMouuT (r-€. Heapenan T-kneTka), CBRSAHHBIA C SnMTenHaNbHOW KneT- KOM BICTUNKH THMyCa (CM. CKeMy Crpasa). TeMMbIE NATHA Y ‘BepxHero npasoro KpaR THMOWNTA — 3TO MONeKynbi pe\enTo- Os Ha ero NoBEPXHOCTH, KOTOPBIE, BMAMMO, BIAMNOReACTBY- oT CHaxORAMMMMCR Ha NosepXHOCTH SnMTenhaAnbHO KNeTKH ‘Genkawn MHC, onpeenmoummn numyHonorHYecKyIo WHAM BUAYaNeHOCTS opraHnaa, BOSMOKHO, CBRsbIBaHMe C CenKa- mw MHC cramynmpyeT «o6yuerner (cospeBanMe) THMOUMTOB. Spenbie T-numcbounrs! umeIoT cna6ce cpoAcTEo K YMTOTOXCHNECKAMM, CBRSBIBAIOT ANTHTEN 8 ‘Cowerannn c Genkom MHC xnacca | (Ga), aGyaywne xennepnvie T-xnerKnt — cGenKoM MHC xnacca I (5b). Canabisanne c T-xneTKOR cTHwynupyer Maxpocbar x CHMTeay H oxpeuj repmonononoorore eeuecTea — MHTEpReMMHH-1, WTO B cBoI O¥epeAS, obympaer T-xneru x Aeneniio 1 ancbcpepentyposxe (6,66). PasMHonenne TKN ToK npOoROMMaeTER AO TEX Nop, NOKA eCTe CTHMYNALNA CO TOON KNETOX, NEA Crasnmowix araren (7a, 0) Spensie T-nuncbounTet Ga, &)sarew npHcTynait K Mc fronnerio cBoen porn. LixroToxcHYeckie T-KNETRH CBRIIBAOTCR C SapaMeHHOM SBupyCOM KneTKOH, NpeACTAENAOWeR aNTHTeH @),M yONBAIT ee (10). HeKoTOPEIe T- knot octaioTcn WnPxynnpobat 8 xpOBM W nnMcbe B KANECTBe HOCHTeNeA HMMA orueckon nant: ecnin 8 oprakinau cHoaa nonapeT ToT xe aMTHreN, OM 6yAeT YrnuToncen shauinTenbHo OicTpee (11); spenbie xennepnbie T-KneTKH Toe MoryT Crare wnernanin nant. @ynaunA xenneprisx FxneTOK COCTOMT B TOM, 4TOORI CTH: ‘mynupoeare k nponncpepauinn aKrenpobantele B-RneTRN. B-KneTKa,ornoTMsuaN Consannbin axturex (72) m ocywectevewas ero npoyeconar (13), Tawoxe npencTacnn- er cbparment annrena na ceoen nosepxnocTs suecre c Genkom MHC knacca I (14). Spenam xennepnan T-xnetka WOMeT CBRIaTECR C KOMTINEXCOM aNTurer! — GenoK NASMATHYECKAR ‘eles » a MHC na nosepxnocru B.xnenky (15). Gro npwBonT K Bsinenenio HATepNERKKOB, \ ae nop aevicronew oTopenx B-xneTKa RensTcA w AucbcpepenpyeTcn (16); pasMnome 9 Airareha ne ExeneToR npogonmeaeTeR, noxa ects cramynauna T-xennepaMm (17). Spenan fae Pa e foci era i aa ec agg el Feehan een i leis meet MeTAT ero ANA paspyweHne (19). Apyrve spentie B-kneTKH OCTAIOTCA UMPKyNMpoBaTe 8 opranwame KaK KneTKy namaty (20). Sta cxewa cocTaBneHa no oKcrepHMeHTant: ( MHOFOB B HEA eule NPOTHBOPEMHEO. \ a a * ® e. @ / a a * * +B MUPE HAYKI\: 1986/N? 4 ‘TyTe asLaeprHt 1 HHeKLMOHHLIX 3a60- enanil, 1 1 KONINETH Haya HMM Mbifl OTBET Ha ANTTHTEN y AHBOTHBIX Pad- AMHEIX THB, OHH OOHAPYAKHIH, ¥TO y Metmelt, npunanexKaNX x pasTity- HbIM TeHETHUECKHM MMMM, OTBET Ha ‘OnuH M TOT 2Ke CHHTeTHNECKUIt aNTHTeH asus. Hampumep, Korma memam ‘BBOAMAM NOMHMep, HaseIBaeMbIf COKPA- miento TGAL, y 2KHBOTHEIX, HecyLIMK annenu b rexos MHC, o6pasossisanucs aNTHTena npoTus 3Toro aNTHrena, ay 2UBOTHEIX ¢ aslnensMu k Tex >Ke TeHOB ‘Takne auTHTena He BAIpabaTsinasHce. Berope Bbiscuisoce, To renst MHC aeAcTaYIOT, BIKA Ha OYHKUMM HMeHHO T-aumiounrow, a He apyrux KIeTOK HM- MYHHOR cHCTeMbI. Hexoropsie mimynonorn nocie 9To- Fo mpeanonoxusn, 470 GenoK-penen- ‘Top T-k1eToK KOMyeTEH KAKUM-TO H3 renos MHC. Tora cnenosato oxu- ATS, WTO y MBNeM pasnBex mH H3-38 pasmiwna 8 revax MHC peuenropst T- krneTOK paasiH4HBl H NOITOMY 110-paaHo- My pearupyior ¢ TGAL. Punoresy npx- UNmOcs OTGpocuTs, Korua O6HapyAxH- Hocb, 4TO HeKoTOpHie Genk — MponyK- MbIlb AMHILM & VSONMPOBAHHAS KMETKA MBIA MHA k BENOK MHC MBIWER AMMAN E ‘BEMOK MHC MbIWER AMIN ke Lf PEWENTOP T-KNETKN HET YHMUTOKEHUR TuIretos MHC, anumontne na casabiBa- nue cTGAL, naxke He mpucyterayior na nopepxnocrn T-xneTox y Metuell. 31a- ur, NaOaioaaembie pasnuwna B cue WMMyHHOFO OTReTA OGycnORTeHEI He ‘TombKo petenTopoM T-KleTOK Her HH- aKHX NPHYHH CHHTaTE, YTO ON KOAHPY- eres reno MHC. Ha camom ese pe- Synbratet 9KcMePHMEHTOB yKTaRbIBA- 1OTCA B paMKH Goztee «xITpolt» rHnoTe- ‘bt: PAIHYNA B CHE HMMYHHOTO OTBe- va va TGAL conaetemcrayior, 470 Genxu — mpoayxrst revos MHC aaus- JoT Ha npoulece yaHapanus anTHreHa pe- uenTopo T-xneTox. Sra wae bina HepBEIM UIArOM K MOHUMAHHIO TOTO, To BaaHMonelicTBHe 4yxKepomHOrO alt Turena ¢ Geaxom MHC — neoGxoni- Moe ycnoBHe 1a OyHKUMOHMpOBaHHA peuenopa T-x1eToK. "AK MO2KHO oGsacuirs Taxol erpanneitt HaGop ¢baxton? Hctox- HUKOM OTBETa Ha 3TOT BoNpOC MlocAy- xin nHoHepcKHe paGorbt 3. Hesava u A. Posenrana » Hausoansitom mers ‘TyTe anneprant H uHdexuHOHHEIX 3260- nesanuf, JI. T.Kaua u B. Benaueppada Meu nAHIAM & BUPYC LOM, Y reer tener 3 Papsapackon Meawusickoh uKone, B. Kunnpena us Yuupepcrera » Kon cranue (®PY), 1, Upedibacpa ws Mu- SHFaHCKOM MemMINCKOM uNKOMBI. A pe- uiaoumi war coenam P. Luuxepna rem 4 II. Horepru 43 Aserpanuiicxoro HauwoHambHoro yuumepeuTeTa. B onvom us cpowx sxcnepumeHtos LuuixepHarens u JoreprH seomiuin Mbt usa cyGneTanbHylo 203y BHpyca AKM- ‘SounTapHoro xopHomesmurira (coxpa- uiento LCM — or aura. lymphocytic choriomeningitis) 4 seunenanu 13 moany- MVHPOBAHHEIX XHBOTHLIX WHTOTOKCH- eckwe T-KaeTK, creumbuynbte K BHPY- cyLCM (cm. pucynox sxusy). OGsraHoit ynxmen raxux T-numcbounros sans- JoTeH ysHasaNMe BUpycHOrO aNTUreHa a MOREPXHOCTH 3apaxKeHHON KACTKH H paspyuienue ee. Meum Gonbumncrsa smuft BerpaGareiBaioT anTHTena K BH- pycy LCM u nostomy 61110 Mastonepo- THO, 4TOGR! ¥ KAKUX-TO Mile! He BOS- ‘Mukn0 HMMYHHOTO OTBeTa Ha LCM, Kax 2To Gersaet ¢ TGAL. Oanaxo Lmxep- waren » Jloreprn x cpocmy yampne- Hiio ObHapykum, WTO T-KeTKH OT Mormen mM k, uMMyHASHpORAHHLX Mbit AHI b kes V aOnMPOBAH. YBONMPOBAHHAR HAR KNETKA UMTOTOKCHUECKAR Miu TKMIETKA TMH b BUPYC LOM ‘BMPYC LOM YHMMTOOKEHWE KAETKM NPOUECCHPOBAHHEI BENOK MHC. MBIEH nM 5 | BENOK MHC ‘MILER TMK HET YHMUTOKEHMA T-KNETKA PEATMPYET HA AHTHTEH, ronexo ecnu oH npea- (cTaBneH Ha NOBEPXHOCTH KNeTKM-MMUeHM G CoNeTaHHH c Ben- kom MHC. LlnToToxceckne T-numcbouwre! MEER nin K, MMyHHaHpOBaHHIx NPOTHB supyca HUMcbOUMTapHOFO XOPH- ‘omenuirura (LCM), MoryT yOwsaTe KneTKi, Hecyuwe Oenkn MHC meen nuniw k, chy 9TH KneTKM sapaxeH! BHpYCOM LCM (nocepequne). T-nMMcboynTs! He cnocoOHE! yOuTe KNeT- ih, 38P@KEHHbIe TEM KE BYPYCOM, HO He MMeIOUWe Ha NoBepx- HocTH Genka MHC meiuen nununk (enpasa), M, pasyMeeTCR, He yOusaior Hesapanennbie KneTKH (cneBa).Bupycom LCM, Moryt y6upaTt KneTKH, apaxkenute LCM, Tonbko ecm 3TH Xcterxi eyo Mee Mepe OxH 1 Genkop MHC meme avnnn k, Aneimn cosa, T-knevx, yoreuno crpan- IARLMecK € 3apAXeHHIN KICTKAN, necyuunin onpenenennsie Gent MHC uumiett muna k, we cnoco6ust sian yOusaTs KneTKH MEIER ApyrHx AMEKM (ceaxent, mun d), sapaxccumte Tent 2e BHPYCOM, HO Hecyute mute BemKH MHC. ‘OTH H MoOGHEIe aKcHepHMeHTEI NO- xavan, 70 wroroKcuectte T-nHNe Gowrrss pearupyior ne TOKO Ha YcHBiR alriren Ha lopepxocrH 2apa- Xxeivol KIETKH, HO TARKE Ha Genki MHC aroft xnerku. Bexope To xe Geim0 O6Hapyxero 21a UHTOTOKCHYE- ceux T-MMbounTos, cnenHdHuHBix K ‘OpyruM axturenam. OnvcaHnoe sBne- nie viaapam orpamveniem no MHC wm MHC-pectpaxunelt. Benku, xonn- pyemuie renama MHC x pasno3napae- MBI€ UMTOTOKCHYECKKMH T-nHMpoUH- ‘Tam, CTDYETYpHO FOMOROTHeUND! Mex ay co6oit u o603nauaioTes «GenkH MHC waacea I»; 3TH Genxn Hafulenet Ha no- BEDRHOCTH BCEX RAPOCONEPAALIU KIe- ‘Tox opranava. Mut apyrie necnezosarenn o6napy- KHIM TO3Ke, {TO XemMepHEIM T-KNeT- xan TaKke caofferBeto orpanmeensic no MHC; oanaxo 9r# T-KaeTKH y3HatoT ‘Gemku MHC moro Tana — Geaxn MHC xsacea II. Benxn MHC xaacca II etpe- SaIoTea # opraliaMe He Tak IHPOKO, ‘kak Genk MHC kaacca I; y moneit on ecTh Tonbko wa T- 4 B-numiounTax, Makpotbarax H Ha HEKOTOPBIX pyrHX wnerxax. TPAHHYEHHE 10 MHC MoxHo JoGbACHITS ¢ MOMOUIbIO ABYx TeO- uit. Onna #9 wx, Teopi accouspo- BakHOrO y3Hapaniin, B cBoeft xpatineft opme mpeamonaraer, wro xaxuax T- su1eTKa HeceT peuleNTOPEI TOMKO OmHO- ro suna. Kaxknan Momeryaa Taxoro pe- enTopa nomkHa xaKHM-TO o6pas0M compar KoMmnexC anTireHa ¢ ompe- enenniim GeikoM MHC, sxctoHupo- BanHIMt Ha MlOBEpXHOCTH KneTHH, MEA ‘crannmouielt anruren. Ipyrax Teopua, asnisaeman TeopHel nBOMHOTO y31aBa- vu,» cBOeit xpaiixell Gopme npennona- raer, "ro xaxkaax T-xieTKa HeceT pe- enTopst BYx BYOB: OANH CoRDBIEAET ceundveckni axturex, a apyroh — ‘eneuntrevecxatt Genox MHC. Hi Ta 1 mpyraa Teopua uMeer coon Mpeustyuiectoa H exou cmaGwie Mecra. ‘Teopus accoummposanoro ysnasanin cooTeercTayet Tomy HaGmonenHto, x70 ‘T-xmeren peaKo cBasbisaioren Toxo ¢ aNTHTeHOM win TomEKo ¢ Gesikom MHC, Mo poaHMonelicTByIOT ¢ ABYMA STHMI Genxansn onzospemenno. Kpome Toro, ‘owt Xopouio oGescHaeT aan Max- T-KNETKA VEE PEUENTOP 9 TEOPHA ACCOUMMPOBAHHOTO YSHABAHMA PEUENTOP ANA KAETKA, AHTHTEHA KLH MIPEQCTABNRIOWAR WBENKA MHC AHTHFEH, MBIIEA AAHAM 2 BENOK MHC MBIUIER NHI £ ‘AHTHMTEH KLH \AHTHTEH cOVA BENOK MHC PEUENTOP BIER NAHI K ANS AHTHMTEHA COVA M1 BENKA NHC MIE NAHM: TEOPHA ABOMHOTO YSHABAHHA PEWENTOP ANS! BENKA MHC, MBIWED, MMM PEUENTOP (DIS ANTHTEHA KLH PEYENTOP ANA ‘AHTMTEHA COVA PEYENTOP ANS BENKA MHC MBIWE TMH ke = ABE B3AMMOVCKMIOUAIOLME TEOPHM npejnoxenbi ans ob msICHEHMs OAHOBpE- MenHoro ysHasanun T-KnetkaMu aHTHreHa v Genka MHC. Teopiin accoymMposaHHo- HMR YTBEPKAZeT, UTO C AHTHTeHOM M GenkKoM MHC BsaMMopencTsyeT OAK Genox-peyenop (esepxy cnesa). Cornacho TeopHK ABOAHOTO ysHaBaHiAR, kaxxgan T-KneTka HeceT 284 DasnWuHbix PeyenTopa: OAMH ANA aHTHreHA M pyro! ‘ana Genka MHC (away cnega). UroOw cpenaT® 8B STO anbTepHaTHBe, aBTO- bi nonyunnn rHOpHaHyIo T-KneTKy nyTeM CNHRHIR AByX pasHbix T-KNeTOK. Ona Mo Hux 6wina BbifencHa M3 MbIWM nHiM f, uMMyHHaMpOBANHOA anTureHOM KLH, a APY- ran — 13 MbiliM AMMMW K, MhaMyHVSHDOBAKHOA aHTMTeHOM COVA. Ilo TeopHn accoun- wposanHoro ysHasanus rHOpManan T-kneTKa AOmKHa YaHaBaTb aHTHreH KLH Ton ko Ha KneTkax nuk fu COVA — TonbKO Ha KeTKaX AMM k (BBepXy CNpaka), a NO ‘Teopmn ABoaHoro ysHasaKHA rOpHAHaR T-KneTKa AOMKHa yaHaBaTb KLH, COVA ha kneTKax oGerx nunna (sHusy cnpasa). SkcnepuMenTbs NoKAsamM, NTO BbINONHsIeT- CA NpeACKasaHMe TeopHM accouMMPOBAHHOTO YSHaBaHHA.a cermenr (ee CEMENT V ce CEMENT) ee CEMENT es 8 MMKPOTNOBY AHH eeEN B-UEN 8 8 jg MMKPOrnOBYNMH § § § i ICYTILOMAHAR ce ft BENOK MHC KNACCA BEMOK MHC KNACCA I MONEKYNAPHAA CTYKTYPA Genkos MHC Knacca |, Genkos MHC xnaccaill, peyentopa T-KneTox M aMMyHOrnOynvKO8 (pe- \entopos B-xneTOK M aHTMTen) BECbMa CXOAHA, M AMMHOKMO- MOTHBIe NocneAoBaTeNbHOCTH STHK GenKOB MMGIOT TOMONO- iio pyr ¢ Apyrom. Bo Bcex veTbipex MoneKynax nionwnenTHa- ble Yen oSpaayiot xapaxrepHbie netn ANKHOM NpMMepHO 8 70 amMwoKucnor, ckpenneHnbie RucynbcbuaHEiMn (S—S) cBA- 38MM, Y BbICUIMX NOsBOHOUHEIX Cenk MHC Knacca | npacytcT- ByI0T Ha BCex AAPOCOAEPXAllIMx KNETKAX BMECTE C f,-MMKPO- FnoBynwHoM, KOTOpEIM He NpHHagnexuT K Genkam MHC. Ben- tit AEFKE a-ienb KETOHAR ae th PEUENTOP T-KNETKH QwTonnaaMa MMMYHOFNOBYNHH M kw MHC knacca Il ects Ha nOBepxHOCTH KneTOK TONBKO HEKO- Topbix THNoB, B YacTHOCTH Na B-KneTKax. Monekyna peyenTo- pa T-«neTOK, Kak lt AMMYHOrOOYNMHOB, COCTOMT M3 Cer MeHTOB \V, J 4D. B renome ana kamqoro cermenra mMeeTCA HECKONILKO. B3aMMosaMeHneMbix nocnegosarensHocTeA. Mpu cOopKe no: moro rena ana Genka-peyentopa nocneposarensHocrM, co OTBETCTBYIOW\Me OTAENLHLIM CErMeHTaM, MOTYT COPAMHATECA 8 PagNHuneix KOMOWHaLIMAX, “TO M OGecresMBaer pasHooopa- ‘ame peyenropos. (PHCyHOK Ges coSnioAeHHA MacuITaGa.) Desurra, Cena w Benaueppapa 0 nco- Guianeix muimyHomorHuecKHX cBORCTEAX TGAL xax anturena ana momen. Econ una H Ta xe MOneKyna peuentopa T- KIETOK jlomkHa CBASLIBATE KOMIIEKC aururena c Genkom MHC, To necrioco6- HocTs Mauiel maint kK UMMyHHOMY oreery Ha TGAL Moxet Guts oGyc- sopieHa Tem, ¥T0 TGAL ne o6pasyer Kommmexe ¢ Genkom MHC muuieft sm Hut k. 3ato Teopus aBofixoro ysHasa- Ha We HMeeT cyulecTBeHHOrO Weno- cTaTka TeopHH accouMMponannoro y3- ‘Mapania: ova He HocTyAMpyeT, TO KaK- bill w3 pasHoo6pasibix anTHrenos B3a- woneiteTayeT ¢ OnNOTHMHBIME B ZaH- HOM opranusMe Genxami, KoaMpyem ‘ut renayat MHC. Xora nocneanee coo cute He cKas Ho, cenyeT MpH3HaTk, 4TO coBpeMeH- He nawMbIe, noxanyfi, nyuute cormacy- 1oTeA c Teopitelt accounuposaMHoro y3~ NapaHus, npeamaraiouiell enuaetit pe- uentop 218 axTurena u Genxa MHC. Hanpumep, mut wsywam csoficrsa ri Gpunensix T-x1eTOK, 8 KOTOpEIx 3Kenpec- cupopannch reust T-xaeTomix peuen- ‘Topos, yHacneaopannbie OT ABYX pas Bix poanTenelt (eM. pricyHoK Ha c. 9). Bnaware mot pstemimm 3 Mesutel mH- uuk xenmepunte T-xneren, crenmrmve- ck PactlosHapasume onpemenennsttt ANTHTEH, a MMEHHO KypHHBIf OBarKOy. Mun (COVA — ot anrn. chicken ovalbumin), accoumponanmnitt c Oen- kom MHC xnacca If wotueit minut k. Mot ocywiecrsimt cmmnne aTHx T-11e- TOK ¢ OnyxomeBbIMH T-KETKAMM, TOmy- up TaxHM O6pasom T-tnOpHaoMy — FGpuanete KteTKH, GLICTPO pasMHo- 2AWOUIHECR HM NeTKO KIOHHPYEMBIE. B xynetype. UroGs cosmars KnerKH, uMeroune mea pasmisneix Ha6opa peuentopos, xaerkH 9toR T-rn6punowss cnnian ¢ T- xneTRaMet, oGnaaaBiinnn apyrom ari FenHoft creunnuHocTsto — K remount ay MopeKoro Mosumocka (bHecypentbt (KLH — or anra. —keyhole-limpet hemocyanin), accoumuposatnoro ¢ Gea- xom MHC xaacca IT sptuelt mini f. Mot wsy4ann OTBeT 9THX HOBBIX TH- Gpumueix T-x1eTox wa aTHrenet COVA. w KLH p coweranmmt c Geaxamn MHC xaacea II Memes aunuti k wf, Bonn 6x1 ‘TeopHs mBoMHOrO yaHapaHHA Gtina Bep- Ha, To CMedOBALTO OxMATS, HTO HOBLIC ruGpunusie krerKu GyayT oGmanaT» pe- ert 7opaMin YeTLIpeX THTIOB — no OnHO- My Ha Kaxkabif aNTHTeH H Ha KaxKsb Gentox MHC xnacca II. Coorpetcrsennio OHM mon-Ret Guinn Gxt PearnpoBaTe Ha Ga antirena, npencrasnennsix wa weTKaX MetUelt nMMKHK sa O68 aHTH- Tela, NpeacTaBsICHMBIX Ha KIETKAX MBt- men suns f. BMecto 3T0r0 Mit oGHa- PYAIUIH, 4TO THOPHANSIe KneTKH B3aH- MoneficTByloT ¢ aNTHreHaMM TouHO Tak xe, KaX HX Poe: CCOVA TOmbKO B accoumanun ¢ KneTKaMM Metuteft HHH kwcKLH Tombxo 8 acconnamun c xner- aM merwent amsuu f. He G10 Hu Ma- slefluiero WaMexa Ha p3anMonelicTaHe ¢ COVA Ha KneTKax MetueH miHMit f H.C KLH wa xnerxax mesure sini k. CIM oe BepHa TeopHA accoun- MpoBanHoro Y3HaBaHNs, TO aNTHTeH x Genox MHC aomxus: o6pasosaTy KOMMLIEKC 10 TOTO, KAK C HHMI CBAKYT- ca T-xrerkn. Jlanubie, nonyyenuste BWWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE. NAROD TPKNETKA 1 EE PEWIENTOP 1" HeKOTOPEIX 9KcepHMEHTAX, MOxHO (CUHTaTS ykasaHHEM Ha TO, WTO KAKOE-TO syaHMonelicTBHe Mexkny aNTHFeHAMH 5 Genkamm MHC cyuiectyer, Wo mMulb HeMHOTHe 9KCepHMeHTSI NOKAIaAIH 3TO npamo. HaGonce —sitevatmoulte pesynsrarst = Gin nlomlyyeubi E_ P, Ynansio u ero xostnera ws Me- AnuicKo® wkonst Yunmmepcnteta Ba- ‘ummHrToHa. ‘Yuannio ¢ conpysumKan nau Ke- Gomwof anruren, KoTopsitt T-xneTRH yananaznt 8 accounaus c GenKom MHC abrtielt Hk, HO He BIaMMOnelICTRO- paz c win B coveTanst c 6emKoM MHC Meruredt and. B cocya, pasmenenitei nonosaM MonynpowuuaeMolt MemGpa- HOM, oH HoMecTHIM pacTBOP aNTHTeHa HB Omny TlonoBHHy noGapnanH GenkH. MHC menue pasnussix manth. An- ‘Ture mo pasMepam ropasio MenbuIe Geaxa MHC, Tax wTo on Mor csoGonHo MPOXoAHTS cknoab MeMBpanty B o6e cTo- POHBI H ero KOHUeHTPAMIA B OGONX OT- cexax Gxirta ommHaKoBon. BenoK xe npo- XOMHT® cKBO34 MeMGpany He Mor H Ha~ xomMcs Beck no onHy ee cTopoHy. Bi 30 OGHAPYACHO, NTO KOTHA B ON 3 orcexos 0Gasmiamn Getox MHC mei- seit simu K, nlocae yeranounenus pap- HoBeCHA KONLICHTPaLMR anTHTena 6bita Gonbuie B Toft wacTH cocyza, rie Haxo- auuica Geox. B cayuae Genka MHC Mat- ett HHH d KOHMEHTpAWIA aNTHTeHa ‘ocTasastact onsiaKoBOH no Ge cTopo- bi MemOpaui. 3roT pesyabrar noKa- ‘SeIBZeT, NTO alrTHreH neHCTBHTENBHO ‘cpaabiBaeTca ¢ Tem Genkom MHC, pec ‘Tec KOTOpLIM ero yaniaeT peuentop T- KneTOK. BCE 2KE, xora cram wapectust [BBILLOMICAHHEIE BaDKHbIE CBOHCT- ba peuentopa T-xneTox, ctpyxTypa ero ocrasanach 3aranKofl. Buito sco simuib, 410 nO MeHbUIeH Mepe OnHHM (CBOHM cBOFICTBOM OH OTMHYaeTCR OT umynorio6ymmon. CocrouT peuen- ‘Top 13 eNHeTBEHHOM GenkoBoR Morte- KyAIbI 10TH 113 ABYX, 8 HOGOM ciTy'ae Ka- KAX-TO FO HaCT BHO HOMKHA HMETE cponicrso K omHomy 13 Genkos MHC. Monexymtt unsmynorno6yaHHoB Taxoro cponera ne uMeIoT. ea meroawueckux mocTInKcH B MoneKyARpHOn GHONOrHH MosBOMHAK uccnenlopaTensM mpileTyMiTs K pacun- ‘poske cTpyxrypsi petienropa T-xac~ ‘Tox. Onno 13 Hux — paspaGoTaHnbif B navane 1970-x ronon T. Kénepom # LU. Maurreftwom 3 JlaGoparopmn oneKyAspHofl GuonorHH B KemOpuanxe MeTOR MOHOKTONATBHBIX AHTHTEN: HC- cnenosatemn oTKpsini cnoco6 cosma- Barb B-xneTounsie rHOpiutoMst, KOTO bie Moryt in vitro nposrsnonnTe Gom.- le KomMNecTBa aNTHTeA OnHOFO cop- 7a. Apyron saxxusi war — paapurie MeTOROB MapauBaHHs B KyMMType T-xnerounnix xionos # T-x1eTouHIx ruGpHaOM, cneundusmstx x onpeneren- HOMy aNTureny i x onpesteneHnoMy Ges1- xy MHC. Mp1 apyrite iccnenonarent Hcnons0nanH 9TH Ba Nonxona 18 n0- AYMeHUA aHTHTeN K peuenrTopamt T-Kae- TOK H HBY¥eHHR TAKHM OOpa3soM Hx CTpyKTypuBix cBoftcTs. C uensio nonyanTs anturena x pe- nemropam T-11eTOK Mbi cHauata costa an Tle ToNRy}o rHOpHtOMy, PeuenTop xoropolt Gai ceumibuven K anTarcny cOVA 8 acconsaumn ¢ Genxom MHC acca IT nbimelt amnnnd. FIpy Bianno- neficrann peuerrropos TaKix rn6pii0M © cOoTBeTeTsyIouNNIMH aHTHTeHaN Ht Genkamu MHC naGmonaetes Guictpoe Pearuposanne, — conposoxyarouiecca BbULeNeHHEM AUMOKHHOS. ITH HOH AOMst O¥eH yaOGHBI JNK 9KcMEpHMeH- ‘To, Tak KaK CeKpeUMiO AUMbOKMHOB ‘MO:KHO MMAYLNPORATS H TYT Xe Peruer- Puponars B kyisType KAeTOK. ‘YroGs nonyurrs anturena saman- Hom ceunHYHOCTH, HEOGXORIMO HM- MYHIE3HPOBATE KMBOTHOE HYAHBIM ant ‘Turenom. Ho 8 caysae peuentopa T- KieTOK anTureH He OLIN TOANO HAeNTH- buumposan. Mer uantynusuponaru Mex eft T-kneTounimn rHOpHOMaMH Bp Hanexne BI3BaTb O6pazosanne ANT ‘Ten, mpensterayioumx dyuxunsnt pe- uentopos 2THx rH6psn0m. tes cocto- aa B TOM, 4TO aNTHTena K peuenTOpy Gyayr cananinaTica c HUM, 1 peuenTop He cmoxxer BsalIMoncficTBoBATE COVA nc Genkom MHC kaacea II Meiueft st nau d. O TOM, 4To peuentop BEiBeeH 3 CTpos, NomxHO cBHAeTENscTHOBATS, YMENBUEHHe CeKpELW JUNOKHHO! Mot woysirsnposan Gombuioe wc no MEME paxmubiMn T-ru1eTouNbI- ‘Mit FHGpHOMaMu. 3aTeM Hepes pasHBte MMTepsanbi BpeMeHit Hlocme MMIMyHIIIa- ‘unm y KaaOR MutU 6pamn coIBopoTKY KPOBH 1 Npowepax ee Ha cnocobHocTs Gnoxupouars B KyasType oTseT T-K7e~ ‘TouNLIX FHEPHIOM Na KIeTKH MENT auawut d w COVA. B xonue KoHUOB Ha- UMIOCe HECKOTEKO MBILUE!, ¥ KOTOPEIX buipaGaTiwance HcKOMMe anTuTena. Tipnyest coisoporKn 3THx MBiuielt OGrIa- ‘aH BaXKUBIM CBOHCTBOM: OHH He 6710- xuposanu peaxumto T-KreTouNBix rit Gpii0M nuof eneum>unocrt, Mbt 10- BTOPHMI IKCTEpHMEHT, HMMYHHSHpYA Muumiet apyrusct T-kneTourbiMa rit apwioMann. Kaxasil pas anrurena, ‘obpasyiouutect y HMMYHISHpOBANHBIX axuBOTUMX, OBINIH SdhhEKTHBHE! TOKO npoTHs TOR T-xneTOuHOH rHGpHaoMEI, KOTOPas HCNOABIORA/1ACb JIA HMMYHI- sau, Tor dakr, WTO KaKAaS 13 TAKHX ceIBOpoTOK crleunpiaHa K oANOR onpe~ aeaennof T-K1eTONHOH rHOpHutOMe, NO- ‘eons ManesTEca, NTO Mut AleficTaH- ‘TenbMo Monywaem anTuTema K onpeste- nennomy peuentopy T-K1etox. Peuen- ‘Top T-xneToK — 970 enmnicTBeNHas MO- aeKyna wa nosepxtoctst T-KreTOuNEIX THOpHAOM, KOTOPyIO aNTHTena MoryT Gnoxuposars Tax creunpuveckH, noTO- My 4TO HMeHHO peuenTop pasmuueH B Pagneix rHGpuoMax. ‘Oanaxo na 3ToM paGora ne saxoHs- ace. Tax Kax OT OZHOM MBILIHE MOZKHO NOAYKMTE AMUN ONeHE HeGoMIOe KO- AMMecTBO aHTHTerT, MBI MPHMeHHLT Me- ‘ron Kénepa w Muneuureltna 18 uM Mopramisauin KieTO, MONsBOAAUUIK anrutena. Corpyanuxn waurel naGopa- ‘Topun K. Xackwne u bx. Yan seine- awut masMaTHuecKHe B-KeTKH y On- HOM M3 MenneM, HMMyHHsHpoBAMHOM ‘T-knerownon rHopuoMon, cnewnduy- woh x COVA. StH nnaaMarnueckne KAeTKH cHUIH ¢ OnyxOneBBIMH K”IeTKa~ MMH nonywnack B-knerounas rHOpy- oma, criocoGuas Guierpo pasMNoxaTh- ca Kymbrype. AuTHTema, KoTOpsie ce- xpetnposaia riOpHaoMa, mposepaiit a cnoco6nocTs GaoKupoRaT’ ysHaBa~ nme anturena COVA # Genka MHC xnacca II monet muni k T-K1eTosnion THOpHAOMOM, crenMpsMHOR K COVA. Onna B-xxerounan ruGpuiaoma o6nas: 31a TaKIM cnolicTBOM. TpHMmepo om- HoBpeMeHNo aHanoruNMBie anTitTeTa nonywimu 2, Anmicon w3 Uentpa no maywenmio paxa 8 Cumrsnane npn Te- xaccKoM yHMBepcuTeTe, a TaKKE C. Moitep #9. Pefiuxepu its Mesut xof wiKomt Tappapackoro yxupepen- Tera. ‘MEHHO yeneuinoe nonyuenie co- OTseTeTBYIOUUMX anTHTeN ceNATO BOIMOANBIM sIeTATBHOE HecneOnaNIE peuentopa T-KreToK. Bnaronaps npo- MHOCTH CBASbIBAHHIN PeuerITOpa C AHTH- Tenom MoAHO BoUIeNETS HETIIR Ge- JOK-peuenTop B KonMYecTRAX, nOCTa- ‘TOMMBIX 74 HayyeNHA ero cBofieTR Ha Mosexyaspiom yponue. Kax mit napa~ OKcaTbHO, OGHapyxiOck, "TO Peuer- Top T-KieroK mo cBoell cTpykType OWeHE TIOXOX Ha MMMYHOrOGyAHEEL. Monexyna ero Toxke cocrouT #3 uByx coeanuenubix S—S-cesabi0 nonuinen- ‘THANBIX WEN, KazkHAK 3 KOTOPLIX KO- AMpYeTCH OTMENbUBIM TeHOM (CM. PHCY- OK Hac. 10), B MMynornoSymmnax ‘ape uerln pasmHuaiorea no paamepy: on- Ma HasbiBaeTcs TRKeNOM UENO, Apy- ras — nerkoll. Kaxkaa uenb sxniovaet Konctantubitt (C) yaacToK anitHoxstc- JOT, KOTOPHIA B JAKHOM opraniaMe 0: HOCHTeNBHO He H3MeHeH RO ACeX aNTHTe- sax ake K PasHbIM aHTHFeHaM, H MpO- Taxcunaift sapHaGenbubilt (V) y4acTox, KOTOpBIM CHUIBHO MeHRETCH 8 3aBHICHIMO- CTH OF cneuM>yeanocTH HMMyHOrIOGy- ama. Vamenunpocts —__BapitaGenbxoro yuacrka HMMyHornoGysmHoR B npene- Jax OnHoro OpraniaMa OGeacHseTcs OcoGenHOCTHHO CTPOEKUA UX reHOB. Kaxknaa nommentiimas wen MoneKy-2 1 HNMyHOFNOGysIMA COCTOHT Hs TPEX Jun weTuIpex YwaCTKOR, KAKA HO KO- ‘TOPEIX MOET KOTHPOBATECA OAWOH 13 eckombkux _riocneonaTenbtiocteft JIHK. Tipu e6opre rena, xoaupyiourero ‘cro Monexyay, 1 3THK cerMenTOB 3 exer KOMGHHATOpHKHE BOSHHKAET MHO- 2KECTBO BApHAHTOB, NTO H OGbACHRET cyliecTuoratine orposioro wiea paa- _nunantx uneMyHorTO6yANHoB. ‘Hanpunep, TexeNat uen uMByHO- ‘rao6ymmnia cocrout 13 Yerbipex cerMen- ‘ron: C, V, D (or aura. diversity — pas- ooBpanne) 1 J (ot aura. joining —co- cammaiouma). Koncranrnan oGnactt. KoaMpyerea TombxO OnMUM. yuacTKOM THK, 2aro ans cermeura J ects 4 n0- enenovaremsuocts, ami# cermenta D — 10, a yuacrox V xoumpyeres Gonee went 100 nocnenowarentsioctasn. OGuiee Nucno pasmuNMbix aMHHOKHCnOTHEIX ocaeaobatemsuocTel, KOTOpBIE MOryT OBpaionarecn pH c6opKe nomHOrO re- na, 6ymet papno 4x 10 x 100 = 4000. ‘steno wapuanTos Bospacraer eute #¥3- 3 HETONHOCTH coeaMHeHHR cerMenToB J, Div V, Tes aerxof uenn Taxcxe coOn- paetea us pasnwuusx yuactkon HK, Cornacno C. Tonerane 13 Maccasycer- koro TexHonoruecKoro RCTHTYTa, NOTEHUNATEHO BOIMOHOE YHEMO pAd- suNsHix MMIMyHOrTOGynHKOS GrusKO sautmapay (eM. Tonerasa C. Moneny- {AM HNIMYHHONL cucrenter, «B senpe way xa», 1985, Ne 12). B peuentope T-xnerox nonunenraa- note nent o6oaauaiores ew 8. Y Mbt- B MMPE HAYKM: 1986/N° 4 ‘unt oG¢ uenn McioT Monexyagpnyto Macey oxono 43 000 aaabroH, y enose- ka MONeKyAapHax Macca a-lieTM npt- ‘epi $0 000, a A-uenm — npunepno 39.000. Cpapuuas aw 6-uenm, Bbie- Dhennbte 39 paanbIx KAoNOB T-KTeTOK, Mut oGKapyrxHAN, TO onperenenuie YMACTRH AMMHOKHCROTHOR HocrenOBA- ‘TenbilOCTH esMenHEL BO BCEX K/LOHAX, a npyrue yeacrai pastiix KoWax Pas TKPLITHE Genxos, cocramnmious peuenrtop T-xaerox, aapano ncene- AOBATENIM BOSMOKHOCTS BOCHONEAO- ‘aTbeR METONAMH MOZeKYAEpHOR GHo- OFM. ITH MeTOABI HOIBONIOT ANAT uposaTe rent, KoAMpyIoMMe wyuae- bie Genxu, H Tax nyTeM onpenensT> ctpyerypy 6enxa ropasao Guictpee, Hest Gitoxinanveceinat Metonanm. Mockoxt- xy peuentroptt T-K1eTox uaneyHorn0- Gyaumas urparor, no-suauMomy, exor- Hy Por B mIMMyHHOA cHETEME H pH ‘TOM cxOmM TIO CTPYKTYPE, KasaOce BecbMa BePORTHBIM, NTO, NPeRTE eM peuentop T-KieTox nawner cnmTes#po- LATHER H MOAMITER Ha KACTONNOM NO- epxuocta, cermentst HK, xosupyo- ue eF0, nepectpansaiotes, n9n06H0 ewan uMayHorno6ymmmos. Mi wawa- seb nowexn rexos suns peuentopos T- Tlepaste cepresuiie xanauaaret Ha ont THX renos Osi oncat rpyn- HOR vccnenowarenett #3 Haunowareasix uictutytos saoposts, Kanpopusti- cxoro. ynumepeurera w Cam-fluero Cramopnexoro yussepewrera nom py- xovozcraom C. Xeapuxa nM. JIseuca ‘onmospemenno T. Maxon ¢ corpyaun- anon 8 Mnctaryre paxa npos. Ova pho. Xeapux m Hee wsyeauin rent Menuell, a Max — rent wenovexa. B cnoelt paGore on ucxomunH 43 Toro, sero Gestox-peuentop T-xneTox omxeH "npucyTeTwoBaTs TombKO Ha THX KET aX, @, CKaKEM, He Ha B-nuMebounTax, TIpusterns octpoysmyio axcnepuien- ‘Taibnyio MeToaMRy, MccnenoBaTenH aeHTH muNpOBAAN TettA, aKcHpEccH- yrouutecs N60 TonsKo w B-nnGoun- Tax uo TomKo w T-nitmpowTax, uo Ne 8 oGoHx ssiax wIeTOK, BHawaste Oxi- 3M wiUienenst rent, xomupyioumte B- Lem peuenTopa, a 3aTeM H reHbt o-tie- nu, AnamSnpyx 3TH rent, yaaToce Muoroe yauars 0 erpyxtype penetrropa ‘Toxnetox. B cocras xax a-, Tax w 8-utenu peuien- ‘ropa T-kterox mxoaar cermenrit V, J C. Kpone Toro, » 6-uem oGnapyser cerment D; sosMoxno, avanorusnstt Y¥acToK ecre Ht m a-tienst. Anaoxc- [ROTHBIe NocmenOBATeNBHOETH ITHK cet MENTOR MMeIOT FoMONOTIHO ¢ coOT- BeTCTByIOMUINM cerMenTaMHE MonEKY” MMyHOTAoGynuNOB, Ho BoBcE He HLH M. Zlasne JI. Xyate cotpyznnxann 8 Kazmopuunexom —Texnonoruyeckom neTHTYTe WayNarIN OpraMaLINO NO- cnenosarenbuocten JIHK, Koampyio- tuurx B-uens. Oui oGnapyornni 12 cer THBPHAHAS Mbit Mote niiHiMA 8 CTBONOBBIE KRETKM SS 5 6 S TuMyc OBnYYEHHOM FHBPARHOM MIU ‘GI TAHA Melb AVA = MbIub AMM Mi HFYC LoM Ss gf 1 —— i> raseunnnie LP mTOTORHIEC "THIET eupve 2 tows! PEYENTOP, cheumon4HEiA oom EUENTOP, CHEMO (RS eee Me ria BENOK WHC MIME mH 'BENOK MHC MbIUIER MAH a OTMBUME KNETKH MEIER NMHV a NOTMBUWE KNETKM MBIWER MH & OKMBBIE GAPADKEHHBIE KNETIOA BIMSIHVE TUMYCA na T-xnerkn Geino npogemoncrpHpoBaHo 8 axcnepumentax P. Livnnepmarenn. PMOpHAMBIK MBIWeR, 10- ToMKoB poRMTenen nin 2 4 D, MMMyHMSMPOBATH BMPYCOM LCM (1). 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