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ae
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B KOTOPbIX Pa3BHBaeTCA COBPeMeHHAA BLIMHCIHTENbHAR TEXHHKA,
a TakxKe Hay4Hble H TeXHHYeCKHe NpOOsEMBI,
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B okypHane niaHpyerca onyONHKOBaTs cienyloume craTbH!
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HanpasnaTs no anpecy:
121019 Mocksa,
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nis 42 Mockosckwa fom KHarn
>Kypran Gyper sbicna
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MoryT cpenath
NpeqBapuTenbHbie sakasbi
No OTKPEITKaM
8 TOM Ke MarasMHe.
A. Teneo
COBPEMEHHAR
BBIMMCIIUTENIBHAR TEXHUKA
W MIEPCNEKTMBBI EE PASBUTUA
(@npma IBM)
Ax. Boxe
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(Kanncbopruacxna
‘TexonormuecKi HHCTHTYT)
Tix. Meitnon
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(Cranopackna yHusepcnrer)
‘M. Kpaiidep
YCTPOMCTBA NAMATH
(Ynupepewrer Kapnerw-Mennona)
x. Done
WHTEPOEACHI
(nnsepemrer Ax. Baumnrrona)
P. Kan
KOMMbIOTEPHBIE CETH
Zl. Hoxenepamep
NPOrPAMMMPOBAHME.
(enscxna yuuseponrer)
II. Xam, Tx. Cyccman
BbINACIMTENBHBIE CMCTEMbI
AR HAYYHBIX ACCHEAOBAHMA
(ncrutyt neponextnaneix
ccnegosarnn)
T. Pennenvc, 9. Mopmaug
BbIMACKMTENIbHBIE CACTEMbI
ANA MEQUUMHbI
(Meamuntoxan uxona Cracbopackoro
ynneepenrera)
A. Spucman
MMCAIMTENBHBIE CACTEMb! .
ANA NPOMBILINEHHBIX NPEANPHATHA
(@npma Boeing Computer Services) B MMPE HAYRKU
Scientific American - W3qaHue Ha pyCCKoM A3bIKe
WAAWCTPHPOBAHHLIA KY PHAA
MEPEBOA C AHTAMMCKOFO * BAIXOAMT 12 PAI B TOA: HBMAETCH C 1
HAATEABCTHO «MHP» MOCKBA
N° 10 - OKTABPb 1987
3 TOMA
B Homepe:
CTATBH 4 Axa «Craps-onp-Crpaiine» won C. emuep-maaduud, Zon K. Mapuana, Hocelne K. Ont-
eep Ill, Huavc Canveecen
Aixta, Buinrpasuias B 1987 r. «Ky6ox AMepukw, BonmoTHna B ceGe NepesoBble AOCTHDKEHHA B KOKCTPYH-
Dosavinn cnoprumHbix napycHbIx cyHOB. 3auMTenbilaR Ponb Mp 3TOM npiiaNexaza KOMMBIOTepAM
(Scientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
12 CTOnKHOBeHMA BPalja\oU\NXCA NPOTOHOB — Azan Z.Kpuut
‘OxcnepwMeHTaTsHO YeTAHOBACHO, ¥TO Pe3¥MbTAT CTONKHOBEHHR IBYX NPOTOHOS Y/INBHTENIBHBIM O6PAIOM
‘3ABNCHT OT Ranpasnenus ux cmos. ITH naHHBIe GpocaioT BEI30R OGUENPHHATOR TeopH, OMHICKIRAIO-
eH CTPYETYPY H BsaNMOEHCTBHE NpOTOHOS
(Scientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
22 Mpwunnl canppoma layHa sed Mammepcon
Maewrndvunponaiis Muorse rent, oTBeTcTeeHubte 38 NaTOnOrHYecKHe HBNENUR, HaGmonaIOUUteCS MPH
2ToM saGonesanun. YerawopneHo, ¥TO OHH WAXOAATCR B paAIMWELLIX MecTAX 21-H xpoMOCOMBI
(Gcientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
30 KnoHanbHo-ceneKyMoHHan TeopAA — opdon JT. Ada, Fyemae Hoccan
AHTHTENA, 3AlIMULAIOUUME OPTakH3M OT BTOPAEHHA YyAEPOAHLIX YACTHL, NPHMeYaTeNbHO pasHooGpas-
unt. Tlotpe6opanocs oxono 100 net, yTo6ei BLipaGoTaTs TeopHo, O6racHsOUlyo Hx O6pasonaHHe
(Gcientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
40 Consan TeKToHMKa — Kpucmopep x. Taa6om, Mapmun IT. A. Lexexcon
Comp, norpeGenas non Gone TaxemsIMM noponAMH, OGnaliaeT CHOCOGHOCTHIO BCTUIBIBATD B BILE
OrpOMHEIX ACTOD H LITOKOB, HOHTAHNPOBATE 1-NON 2eMNH H Nae TEN NOKOGHO NeAHUKaM. JlaGopa-
Topéble HocenOBAHUs NOMOTaIOT BLIRBHTL CTPYKTYPBI, OGpasyiouMecK B PesynsTaTe NOombeMa CoML
Gcientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
52 TpaHsucTopei Ha apceHMge rannuA = Yusnam P. Ppencau
‘Tpansuctopsi Ha apcenme ranus xapaKTepusy!07CR BBICOKUM GbICTPONEHCTAMEM, NOJTOMY Ha HX OcHO-
Be MOryT GBT COBMIAND! YCOREpINENCTROBANHBIE KOMMTSIOTEPAI H CHCTeMB cHaIH. TIpHHuMN melicTaHR Ta-
Kux TpaNsHCTOPOB MOxKET OBITS NOHAT H3 PACCMOTPEHHK 3ARMCHMOCTH MEKAY IHEPrHE! H HAMY ICOM
SMeKTPOWA, BIDKYLIETOCR B KpHCTaLIe MOAYNPOBOAHHKA
(Scientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
62 Maccopan oxoTa Ha AyKe/PaHOB B KAMEHHOM BeKe Ha TeppuTopun CupMM — Sumonu
Lx. Jleze, lumep A. Poyau-Konyu
OnvHHaquate Thic¥eneTHA Ha3al OCeMbIC OXOTHHKH-cOGMpaTenn HAYANM MaCCOBYIO OXOTY Ha cTata
apkelipanios. OXoTa Ha 9THX %KHBOTHBIX MPOOJKANACH JUIMTEABHOE BPEMS H TOCIE TOABUIEHHA JeMmIEne-
‘AMA H ckOTOBONCTBA. ITOT hakT NOIBONKET NO-HOBOMY BITAAKYTD Ha NPOLECC CTAHOBCHHA NPOHIBOA-
ero xosatiersa
(Scientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
72 AaposonbHoe sarpasHeHve ATMOCtbepb! —_Pobepm Y. Hoy
UspectHo, ¥To a2pox0AbHble YACTHUbI YMEHBINAIOT BHAHMOCTE H paspylualoT PawIMYHEIe MaTepHamTEL
Henasno 6tink paspaSoTanbi OpHrHHanbHBIe METONBI aHANH3a, NOIBONMBUIME YCTAHOBMTb, YTO OCHOB-
LIM HCTONHIKOM THX WACTHU TBSeTCR CAHTAHHE MPHPONHOTO TOME
(Scientific American, August 1987, Vol. 257, No. 2)
PYBPHKH 3 O6 astopax
39 501 100 ner Hasan
50,61,71, 80,94 Hayka v o6wecTBo
82 Hayka soxpyr Hac
86 3aHMMATENbHbIA KOMNbIOTEp
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AXTA «CTAP3-9HA-CTPAMNC»
Ha o6n0xKxe npuseneHo MlOcTpocHHO KOMNBIOTEpOM HOGpAKeHHe KOpNyca M KHAR
sxtbi «Craps-3na-Crpafine», xoTopas sapocsaa «Ky6ox AMepiikit» B cOcTst2anH-
ax 1987 r. (em. crarsio Zbx, Jletuepa-mn., bk. Mapuianna, Jk. Onweepa IIT 1
1H. Canpuecena «Sixra «Craps-sui-Crpafino» wa c. 4). Sixta woGpaKerta cHIBy,
kak ecau Gti ee doTorpaduposan H3 Bonbl. Bee BHAWMBIE eTaNH axTH GEIMH CMO
AeAHpoBANE KOMMTBIOTEPOM ¢ lOMOULsIO MporpaMal, paspa6oTaHHol upMolt De~
sign Systems & Services, Inc. Cotpyamx 3Tof @upmbs Jx. Xefisen monenuponaa
FeoMeTpHto onepxHocTefl KOpnyca, KH, KDBIMBEB M pyns, OT lonpobHOFo ontica-
HM KOHCTPYKIUINT KOTOPLIX ABTOPEI MOKA BosZep-xuBaioTCA. MoslenMpoBaHHe n0-
BepxHOCTH BOMbI, Napycos u MayT sbinonHaN K. Kpecen 3 dupMbi Science
Applications International Corporation. Tlepeson pesymibTatos MonenliponaHs He-
nocpencTHeHHo B KOHCTPYKTHAHBLe napaMeTpLl M paGouvle YepTeakH OcyUeCTBNATCH
va rpadonocrpowrene 320 SRX dupwat Hewlett-Packard.
Ynnoctpayun
OBNOKA: c paspemennn Design Systems & Services, Inc.
CTP. ABTOPIMCTOUNMK
CTP. ABTOPIMCTOUHMK CTP. ABTOP/MCTOUHMK
5 Design Systems & of Medicine 63 C paspewenns
Services, Inc. (cnpasa) panera
68 Hank Iken 40 George V. Kelvin joanatec
9 John K. Marshall a agen. 64 Ge = Hilla
ii giinneoeocetl Uppsala 65-69 Patricia J. Wynne
13 Mort Rosen, Wit
Mowe ness 4249 George V.Kelvin 72 Thomas
National 44 George V. Kelvin lenin
ee Grae. Protection Agency
14-21 Gabor Kiss. P.A. Jackson 74 Thomas C.Moore
23 Frank Varney (exusy) 75 Thomas C.Moore
il . 45 George V. Kelvin (esepxy),
24 Children’s
Hospital, Denver 46 Augusto Gansser Sa
25-28 Joan Starwood 47-48 George V. Kelvin LL. Johnson
31 James G.Hirsch 49 Earth Observation oy
in Soci ft Satellite Company 76-77 Thomas C.Moore
ror 5385 Andrew Christie 78 Robert K.Stevens,
an U.S.
56 William :
33-35 Dana Burns R. Frensley, Texas cones
36 Walter and Eliza Instruments, Inc. ao,
Hall Institute of 57.55 Andrew Christe ‘Thomas C.Moore
Medical Research (enusy) 7
(caesa); 59 Bumman Kim, »
Day Hua-Quen Tserng 83 Andreas Kay
W. Talmage, and Hung-Dah ;
University of Shih, Texas BES, Michael Goodtinay
Colorado School Instruments, Inc. 88-89 Edward Bell 06 abmopax
John S. Letcher, jr., John K. Marshall,
James C. Oliver Ill, Nils Salvesen
(KOH C. NETYEP.suamumn, KOH
K, MAPUIAJL, JDKEMIMC K. OJIM-
BEP III, HHJIbC CAJIBBECEH «5ix-
ra "Crap3-sua-Crpaiinc») — unennt
paGoueli rpynnst, paspaGoTasuielt KoH-
CTpyKuMio mxTst — moGeaMTenbHMUBE
ewmouara Ha «Ky6oK AMepHki»; OF
‘Taxxe mo6uTeNH Mporynoworo n/aBa-
na non napycamu. JleTwep — crapuutt
ayunbit cOTpyaHHK 8 paGouell rpynne,
koucynrant dupmst Science Applica-
tions International Corporation (SAIC)
8 Annanomuce, re OW 3aHHMaeTCR aHa-
AW3OM H aBTOMATHSUPOBAHHBIM MpoeK-
‘Tuposanuem napycusix cys. Meet
cTenewb Maractpa 8 o61acTH aspouas-
Tuxe, npucyxnennyio emy Kannbop-
HHFICKHM TEXHOMOTHYECKHM RHCTHTY-
To. Tam xe B 1966 r. JleTuepy Gnuta
pvewoena creneut goKTopa (unoco-
‘bust. On TawKe uMeeT BTopyio crerteH
Mariictpa — B oGnacTH cynoctpoeHuA,
koTopas npucyxnena emy Musuran-
‘cKHM yHBepcHTeToM. Mapuiann — xo-
‘opausatop 8 paGoweh rpynne, corpya-
ume gupmat Henry R. Hinckley &
Company, wersipexxparusifi yeacTHnK
CHOpTMBHEIX coctsaaHii Ha «Ky6oK
Amepuki». Oxonwnn Tapsapackntt Kon-
eax To cneumamsuocTH GuonorHs.
Onmep, soarnapnspumi pa6oTst no
KOMIBIOTEPHOMY MOMERMPOBAHKIO Ht
MenbrTanuam Monee axtei «Craps
aua-Crpaninc» » Gaccettue, — corpya-
‘ux Qupmet SAIC, cneunanuer 8 oGna-
cmH cynocrpoeuus. B 1973 r. oxonuna
Boentio-mopexyio akaremmio CIA, 32
‘Te Haya MopcKyio Texnuky 8 YHH-
sepeuere A>xopaxa Baumurroua.
Camppecen — Koopamnatop paGor no
‘TexHMYeCKOMY BOrLTOULeHMIO NpoeKTa,
ympannm@ouuifl omHoro u3 oTeneHHf
¢upaer SAIC, sanusarouteroca ruapo-
Ausanuxofl. B 9Tof dupme Canbsecen
npausmaet yuaeTue w paspaGorKe Teo-
unt oGecnevenmn MopexonMEIx KavecTB
cynos i YncneHMBIX MeTonoB ruaponH-
naMuxu. Creiens aoxTopa dunocoduit
B oGnacTH cyaocrpoeHMa noayann B
Muwuranicxom yuupepcurete.
Alan D. Krisch (AJIAH . KPVIL
«CTONRHOBE:HA BPALLAIOUUIXCR MpoTO-
Hos») — nporbeccop rsx Maranranicko-
‘roynuvepeurera. Crenes zoxTopapino-
coin nonysiin » 1964 r, 2 Koptienicom
yaupepeurere. Kpuui cnewramsupyeres
‘Ma woy4ew MpOTOH-pOTOIUNIX BsANIMO-
aeficrEn 2018 HocReAOBANHA CTPYKTYpS
mporoua. C 1972. pa6otaet c nonspH130-
‘saNMbIM NPOTONABIMGUMYyKaM, CHANIA
a yexopuTene ZGC Apronucxolt wauno-
‘anbHoft aGoparopun, 2aTeM ¢ 1979 r. —
a yexopmrrene AGS Bpyxxefinenckofi na-
‘uOnamHOR aGopaTopiN.
David Patterson (BM. TISTTEP-
COH «MIpaumist cuapoma Dayna»).
Crenens noKtopa 8 oGxgeTH MuKpo-
Guonoran nonyunn 8 Yausepcurete
Bpanuzelica w 1971 roay. Mlocne crasi co-
‘TpynHWKOM Muctiryta mo Hay¥eHinio
paxa Sneonopst Pyssenst s Jleusepe,
NepsonavasibHo Ha fipanax cTHneNAKaTa
ouna 1. Pysoua — ¥. Yunvenna. B
nacTosillee BpeMa oH mpencenatens
Npawnenwa m saMectHrem» AMpeKropa
store muctutyta. C 1974 r. paGoraer
raxxe B Hayyno-necnetopaTenscKom
MeauuMHcKOM ueuTpe Konopauckoro
yHnwepewtera, rime celiac oH mpo-
eccop daxymurera Guoxunun, GHodu-
SMKH M TeHeTHKM H MeamuHHcKOrO a-
kyabrera.
Gordon L. Ada, Gustav Nossal (TOP-
HOH JI. AA, TYCTAB HOCCAN
‘«Knowambuo-cenexuuonnaa —Teopus»)
a ipoTsoKeHMH 1TH eT BenM CoBMeCT-
ste HiccnenoBanHs, criocoGcTBOBaBLIMe
BoKasaTenbcTBY TeOpuL, HeTOPIIO KO-
‘Topoll OHH onvicBiBaioT 8 cacell cTaTBe.
Ana — npodeccop MuxpoGHonorni B
Ulkone menmusnicxsx uecnenomanit uM.
Tixowa Kapreva Anctpamuiickoro Ha-
uonamHoro ylMBepcutera. Crenenn
Gakanaspa u Maruetpa nonyunt 8 Cun-
HeficKom yxumepcurere; 81959 r. Tam
Ke eMy OsiNA MpvicBoeHa nOKTOpcKar
cTenexb. C 1946 no 1948 r. pa6oran B
Hauwowamsom umetutyte Memmuuti=
CKHX HocrenoBaHHA B JlOHAOHe, 3aTeM
ctan corpymunkom Muctwtyra meni
LUMHCKHX Hccnegopannil uM. Yontepa
Sauasi Xonn 8 Mens6ypue. B 1968 r.
nepemen ® Ilkony uM. Kaprena, rae
Bosrmasnn oTmen MuxpoGuoncran.
Hoccan c 1965 r. nupextop Mucturyra
wo. Youtepa u aussi Xonn w mpodec-
cop MeauuitricKoh Gnonorm 5 Mems-
Gypuckom yuuvepeuTere. Mayyan mean
uuny 8 Cunuefickom yaumepcutere; &
1960 r. nozyyun ctenens aoKropa éu-
nocodun 8 Mens6ypHicKom yuunepewre-
‘Te. JIna roma paGoran » kayecTae acci-
crenra 8 MeauumncKot uxose Crax-
opacKoro yHumepcureta, nocne wero
eran samecturenem aupexropa Mucri-
ryTa um. Yontepa # Inusm Xonn, C
‘Tex Mop MlocToRHHO paGoTaeT B 3TOM
Yapexu1eHHM, 32 TEM HCKITIONEHMEM, 4TO
Tom OM mposen » kaNecTBe npuraauen-
oro cneunasmicra 8 Mlacreposckom mH-
cruryre B Tlapinxe m eute ro 6xin aKc~
neprom BeemHpHof opraiiaaus 2pa-
sooxpancuus. B 1977 r. Hocean yo-
cToeH pbiuapcKoro sean.
Christopher J. Talbot, Martin P.A.
Jackson (KPMCTO®EP JDK. TAJI-
BOT, MAPTUH 11.4. IDKEKCOH
«Conanax TexTounKay) yaMMMALoTCH
MONEHPOBAHHeM CONSHOf TeKTORHKH
3
wa uentpubyrax. Tax6or npodeccop
‘TeKTOHMKH H reomuHamuxn Yunsepcu-
‘tera B Ynmcane. aywan ctpyktypHyIo
Teonorio B MamepcKom Konnesxe Hay
kit H Text B JloHaoHe, B 1967 r. n0-
AY CTerteHb ZoKTOpa guIOCOHNH B
‘Tiuncexom yuuwepcurere, B teuenne
‘ABYX sIeT MpOXonHA craxxupowKy B Top-
Holt mxone ripu LleddbunacKoM yriBep-
cutrere, nocne wero Gin HasHAaveH cH
‘yaa accncTeHToM, a 3aTeM npertonaBa-
‘Tenem 8 Yaupepeurer Jan. Foxuys
Iornanamo » 1982 r. Tan6or oGeeno-
oe Tem GakTOM, 4TO HeKOTOpBIe rocy-
JapeTBa HMeIOT BLICOKOpamHoaKTHE-
BIE OTXOMM, HO HCTBITMBAIOT Hes0-
CTaTOK «s MOAXOARULIEX FeonOTMMECKHX
YCNOBHAX UIs Hx 3axopoHeHHsy. I>KeK-
Con — cTapumi Hayumit coTpysaiK
Biopo 9xoHommueckoft reonors, pit
Texacckom ynuneperrere. Bsinonian
aunnomuyio pa6ory no reonorHH 8
TlowaoncKom yxusepcurere B 1969 r.
icenenosan Munepasisubie MecTopoxk-
arena 8 JOxniofi Apuxe H 3a sty paGo-
ty 8 1976 r. nonyann crenens noxropa
dunocodun 8 Keftnrayxckom yaueep-
curere. Tlepetins 8 Texaccasit. yxmpep-
cuter » 1980 F., sanaics uectemonann-
eM consHoft TextonuKm. J>KeKCOH roBO-
PHT, WTO ero OcoGeHHO unTepecyioT
scranGonee npayysiebie MpORBTeHHAY
Feomlorueckoro TexeHHA,
William R. Frensley (YMJIbSM P.
@PEHCIIM «Tpawsncropst na apcewn-
ge ranauiay) — coTpyaHuK ormenenns
‘Advanced Concepts dupaist Texas Ins-
truments, Inc., rie of 3annMaeTea pas-
paGorko MeronoR KoMMbioTepHOTO
Monenmponaiiia KBatToBOMexanuwe-
‘CkHx rlonynpoBomHNKOBEIx npUBOPOB. B
1973 r. Dpexenu ,oxonwnn Kanudop-
‘uitcxnit TexHonorHveckHft MHCTHTYT Ht
epes TpHt roma SaUlMTHN ZOKTOPCKyIO
auiecepranmio no uae B Konopan-
cxom yausepenrere B Boynmepe. Oxon-
‘na nocrnoxropastypy B Kannopsit-
‘cKoM yuBepcureTe 8 Canra-BapGape
mocne 3Toro nepeuen na paGory 8 dup-
oy Texas Instruments.
Anthony J. Legse, Peter A. Rowley-
Conwy (@HTOHM ADK. JIECT, T1-
TEP A. POYJIM-KOHYH «Maccosas
oxora Ha mxclipavion » KAMeHHOM nexe
xa Tepputropimt Cpu») — saumnsator-
‘a ucenenopaneMt ocTaTKoB 2kHBOTHEIX
B nocenenusx oxoTHHKoB-coOuparencht
H nepanix seMaenemeckix nioceneniax
xa Brupknea Bocroxe u crpaiiax Cpentt-
3emHomopss.JTerr npenoaaeT apxeon0-
Tuto s JlonoHcKom yastsepeurere. TTo-
ce monyuenux crenenn Gaxanaspa 8
1969 r. » KemGpuoxckom ynsisepcurre-
‘Te 3aNMMALTER TAM HCCMenOBATENBCKOM
paGoroll. B sro xe yanepewrete 10-
-nyann erenems aruierpa. MIpentonaer 8
(npononxenne em. Hac. 99) Axta «CrTap3-3Ho-CrTpaiinc»
Axta, BbivfpaBwaa B 1987 r. «Ky6oK Amepukn»,
BonnoTuna B ce6e nepegoBble AOCTYKeHUA B KOHCTpyMpoBaHu
CNOpTMBHbIX MapyCHbIXx CYAOB. 3HaYNTeNbHaA PON
B 9TOM NpuHagnexana KOMNbIoTepam
KOH C. NETYEP-MNAQAWUM, 2>KOH K. MAPLIANN,
Q>KEUMC K. ONUBEP III, HANbC CANbBECEH
0 TEX TIOP, ntoxa » 1983.
«Aserpamus I» we onepxana
noGeay 8 rouKax wa «KyGox
MepHki, GONBIINHCTBO XTCMEHOB
‘cawram, To wtKaxwe TexHMueckHe HOB-
urecTBa y>xe He B cOCTORHNH cyluecTBeH-
WO yny¥UIHTl xapakTepHcTHKH TOHOY-
MBIX axT 12-MeTposoro Knacca. Pesyb-
‘TATA cOCTsGANHM, MpOBORHMBIX ¢
1973 r., Mopomunn mHeHHe, 4TO KoH-
cerpykuuia «12-MeTpuxos» GausKa K om-
THMaUIBHOH TO Ha MYTH ee coBep-
leHCTBOBAHHS BOIMOKHEI AML OT-
Denbubie MeGombuuHe MpOABIXKeHHS.
Onnaxo noGena 1983 r. wxrbt «ABcT-
pasius ID» crama BOIMOXHOM rnapHbIM
o6pasoM 6naromaps KapaMHaTBHLIN H3-
MeHeHHAM Ki.
Taxol ucxom rouox no6yzmn JI. Kox-
Hepa, iKunepa mpourpasutel aMepu-
Kawckof axtb1 «IvGeprH», 1 ero KOH-
cymsTaHTos Mpoaaniisuposare haKTo-
phi, oGecnewmmune noGeny avcrpanmit-
UaM, M HAMETHT» HoBy!O crpateritio
ToaroToBKH x cocTssaHWAM 1987 r. OHH
conan CHHANKaT om Haspansen
«on aMepuxasexoro napycuoro
chopra» mocTaBuaK nepen coGoH 3a-
aawy Bepnyrs kyGox B CLA, psicrasus
Ha COCT#IAHMAX TAKYIO XTY, B KOH
‘CTPYKUMH KOTOpOM 6tinH Gut BonmoMIe-
HI Aye ROCTIDKEHUS aMepHKAHCKOM
‘Maki TexHUKM. Pesys1sT@TOM HarIps-
2XeHHBIX KONCTPYKTOPCKHX HCcTeNOBA-
HMA m Menstranuit craa xtra «Craps
sua-Crpaiine», KoTOpas 8 wawane HbI-
Heumero roma Bbinrpana KyGoK, onepe-
MB anctpammfickyio saxty «Kyxa6yp-
pa II» weTbipex rowKax.
‘Benen 3a nepsbim Guinn cosmanbi 1
pyre cumanxaTst — nars B CIUA u
ceMb B apyrux crpasiax (Kanasie, @part-
uuu, Manu, Hooft 3enanaun n Benn-
xo6putannn). Yersipe asctpamaitexux
cunuuxaTa, CTPeMvich YaepxKaT 3aB0C-
BaHHbIe MOSMUIIH, CO3ANH CeMb HOBBIX
xt. BUOXHOmAaeMbIe YceXOM AXTbt
«Awcrpaius I> 4 1BDxHMbIE ByXOM CO-
PesHoRaMH, Bce rpynnst eriomb3onanH
‘ncmIeHHoe MosIeTHPOBAHHE Ha KOMITBIO-
Tepax HM THApOmMHANMMeCKHM aHaIH3
Kak OcHOBHBIe cpecTBa TocTHxeHHR
Hocrasnenofl uent, Bb scHo, ¥To
Mpenctour HesizanHoe conepuH¥ecTBO
kak Mexaly MEDKeHEpANH, TAK H MERAY
‘cnopTemeiaMit pasnienteix crpan. Hit
ona axa, eer €€ KOHCTDYKUWR He OsI-
‘a OCHOBAHa Ha caMBIX MlocneaHHX 110-
CTHPKEHISN HAYKH HM TEXHIIKH, He Mora
crate noGemrensiuuell B rowKax
1987 r. Ho m Texnnueckn conepuiennan
axTa He 3aCTPaxoBaila OT NOPAKeHUR, €c-
‘1M € KOMAHLIA He OTAHYBETER BBICOKHM
yponniem cnoprunnoro MacTepcTea.
B wavane 1984 r. «Donn amepukatt-
eKoro NapyeHoro chopra cosa KOH
CTpyKropeKyto rpyniny, BosrnasnAeMyIo
‘ommiM 3 aBTopoB crarba (IbK. Map-
wannom). Tlepea rpynnoft Gina no-
cTapnena 3amava coenMHHTE COBPeMeH-
MBle MeToRBI Hay4Ho-nccnenoBaTenh-
CKHX Ml OMBITHO-KOHCTPYKTOPCKHX Pas-
PaGOTOK ¢ TPAIHUMOHKBMMH MeTORANH
KoWeTpyHpoBanHIR cropTHBHEIX napyc-
maix cynos. B cocras rpyninbt Bouin
TPOC BERYLLX AMepHKANCKHX KOHCT-
pyxropos sxt — B. Yanc-mamumii,
B, Hencow # 11. Meapnx. Ocyuecrane-
ne nporpaseasi noTpeGowasi0 npuBite-
‘wen eme 30 ynestsix n HIDKEHEDOB, TAK
To TpyzoBbie 3aTparsi cocrasunit
‘Guest cnoxtocTH KOO 10 wen0BeKO-
net. Bomuioft o68em pabor non pyxo-
nomcT#0M Canbseceia (OAHOrO #3 aBTO-
pos crarb#) Goin peinonien koMmanet
Science Applications International Cor-
poration (SAIC) m rpynnoit mixene-
pos upsiis Grumman Corporation 80
rape c 4. Bontom,
OHCTPYKTOPCKA ——rpynma
nomxHa Gbisla OTTANIKHBATSCR OT
aByx cyulecTBeuHsix ocoBeHHocTef,
‘cpoficrsennnix 12-metpakam. Onna #3
THX OcOGeHHOCTeH COCTOHT B TOM, NTO
yaactsyloulte B rouKaX aXTbI He OGA3a-
wa OniT nageTHuneia. (Bo MHOFHX
APYTHX napycHBIx rOHKaX, B TOM uHcTe
M ommnuficxux, mpeaycMarpusaerea
Y4ACTHe XT OMHAKOBOM KOHCTpYK-
usm.) [ostomy Konetpyxropst 12-mer-
Pika pactionaraioT LIMPOKUMH BOIMOX-
HOCTAMH B HCTONB3OBAMMM PASINNHDIX
‘Texnnuecksx pewsexntt. Bropofi ocoben-
4
HOCTEIO ABNAeTCA TO, 4TO AXTEL 12-
‘MeTponoro Kacca copeayioTcs nonap-
Mo, He Boe cpasy KaK BCOCT#SAHHAX ax
oamtaKosoit KoHeTpyKumlt. Kpome To-
Fo, TouowHaa muctanuNs BLGupaeTcs
‘TaKUM OGpasoM, 4TOGbI wxTBt WLI Bsa
‘BHpOBKy Ha WeTBIPeX OTPEIKAX H3 BOC
‘Mu, T. e. Goce 4eM Wa onOBHHE HC
‘TaHUMK NpoTmKeHHOCTEIO 24 MopeKHX
Mui, Tlapyctioe cyaHio He MoxeT sIBH-
FaTsea MIpsMO MpOTHB BeTPa; OHO BEI-
HYAGIeHO MATH rasicaMu, TO H meno Me-
HAR HanpaBrieHMe, TaK wTO6bI peTep 1A
B mapyca To ¢ oAHotl, To ¢ apyroit cro-
oust. B rapueix roHKax B aBMposKy
Gombuioe aHavene uMeeT Bbi60p TaK-
‘TUK M MacTepeTBO KoMaHUIK! 1 OcOBeH-
HO «4HCTasD» CKOPOCT XTBI.
Kouerpyxuna 12-Merpuka nomaia
mpexule ncero OTBevaTE cneuMamsHBIM
«TIpasunam», npeqeannsenbim sxTam
Toro Knacea; ont paspa6oTali M KOH-
‘Tponupyrores Mexnynapomssim ma-
PycHBIM co1o30M 8 JloHAOHe. «IIpasi-
fay cami Mo ce6e BbipaxaloTca npo-
cTofl MareMaruueckoil opMy7oll, HO
ee mHTepupeTaMA HOBOIBHO CnOmHA H
3anmmaet 25 eTpasim y6opuctoro me-
uarworo Texcta. Tlo cyuiecray, «Flpa-
‘BuUNa® CONeTAIOT B ceGe OrpanHYeHis Ha
aaMepbt KOPMYca H MapycoB, KOTOPHIE
Onpenenewniint o6pasoM mAusIOT ApyT
va apyra. Hanpumep, aonyerumo Bbt-
Gpart Gone amubifi opnye, Ho NpHt
3TOM HeOGXOMHMO B KavecTBe KOMMEH-
cauMH YMeHBILNT nnoUIAT napyca.
«flpaswia», KpoMe Toro, wanaraioT
Pall ApyrHx orpanuvennit: orosopenbi,
HANpUMeP, MHKKMaIbHaR MMPHHA KOp-
yca, MaKcHMambHaa ocalika, MIKI
MambuBift Bec, KoTOpbifl BospacTaeT ¢
YBCAMYEHWeM ALIMHLE KOpnyca To BaTep-
AMHHM, MaxCUMamIbHaA BRICOTA passIHN-
‘MBIx napycon.
“B pamxax ynomanyrsix «Mpasia»
MOxKHO cosslaBaTb caMbie pasHooGpas-
muie 12-Metpaky. Hexotopsie 3 HX
MeIOT YkopoweHHste Hlerkie KOpTyca
Gombuiyio nnomams napycuocrH. Taxne
cyma ayuue ncero oaxonst ana cna
Guix werpos. pyrite, uaoGopor, uMe-
Jor amunBIe Kopnyca, Gone THKENEIE KOHCTPYKUMA KUNE mxrer «Craps-on_-Crpafinos. Vso6pa-
2KEHUA NOCTPOEHDI KOMMbIOTepOM: BREPXy — COBCTREHHO
Kime, BHINay — KMMb BMecTe c pyneM. TipaxKAe eM BLIOpaT>
kine Ane sxTbt «Ctaps-onA-Crpamnce, KOMCTPYKTOpCKaR rpyn-
‘na «®onqa amepaxalcKoro napycoro chopra» nposena ¢ no-
toUIsO KoMNBIOTepa OYeHKY HECKONBKMX COTeH pasnMNHbiXx
KOHcburypauiMa. NowBeennule Ms0GpaxKeNns| OKOHMATeNSHO-
Fo BapmanTa nonyenbi coaMecTHO cbupmamis Design Systems
& Services, Inc., the Science Applications. International
Corporation u Hewlett-Packard Company, B MUPE HAYKM 1987/N? 10
WK M HeGonbInyIO NnoULANb MapycHo-
CTH, OnH XOPOUIH MPH CHUTHBIX BETPAX.
Tlockonsxy coctsaanus 1987 r. npes-
nonaranocs nnepabie nponomte » Mit-
Aiickom oxeane — nennianexe oT ropo-
aa Tlepra, pacnonoxenworo wa 2anan-
Hom noGepexbe AscrpasHH, KOHCTPYK-
Toph! GbiNH BbINYAICH! YYHTEIBATE
MecTHBIe TOroABIe YeOBNR Ht BpeMs
‘nponenenns roniok. Bee coneprinvanuine
AXTBI, 3a HCKZHOMEHILEM NETHIPEX, HOR
Mbt ObiIN BbIGEITE Ha NPEABAPHTENbHEIX
Zranax, mponoseMbix m mecenie Meck
unt HOx0ro nonyuapuix — oxTaGpe,
HosGpe H aeKaGpe, Korila BeTpbi, Kak
npasuno, cna6ee, vem neTom. 3anawa
3aKTHOMAMACE B TOM, 4TOGDI NOCTPOHTS
AXTY, KOTOPAR CMOFNa ObI YAEPKATECR B
Ccocrsaisx nO KPYTOROA cUCTEME R YC-
STOBHSK YMEPEHHBIX BECEHIX BETPOR, &
3aTeM nbiliTi 8 aHWRepbtB COCTAIARAK B
cepeniite neva, Kors BETKI CHmbsIe,
Xora na nporéoxenim ncex sTaron c7e-
owano nenombI0N8T» OAH H TOT xe
Kopnye, 8 npoMex:yTok HpeMentt MExity
"By Cepuanat FOHOK ero MO>KHO BRIO
MonnduuNPOBATe, a KIL MOMeHSTS.
Tip 3ToM, pasymeetca, nyxno tino
octaréea B pamkax «IIpasin>,
Tonxn 8 ycnosnax cHbHBIX neTHHX
netpos y Gepero Mlepra npeasasnaior
Cepbesubie TpeOonaHuiN KaK K axTCMe-
‘Ham, Tax HK KOHeTpyKTopaM. [To cpaB-
HenMo c noGepexsem Hexonopra (ur.
Pout-Afiziena), rae nocne Bropont Mupo-
Bolt vofius Mposoauincs 9 npemsay-
‘ux cocrsssannit na «KyGoK AMepnki>,
BETPEI MMEIOT JneCb BIRO GonBINIyIO
cKopocr (20—25 ysnos, t.e. 10—
12 M/e, npotne 12 yanos) u Harpy3Kit,
OKaSiBaeMBIC Ha HXTCMeHOB H Ha CAMO
‘yao B nea pasa Goze. O nonenenin
12-MeTpuKoR B TAKHX ycnomuAX GINO
Mano 4TO uapecTHO. FlonesHBiMa Hut
BPeAHBIMW OKAXKYTCA NOMOmMHTENIBHBLE
XpbUIBA Ha Kune, NoAOGUBIE TeM, NTO
Guin y axrei «Ancram Il»? Cromt
1M TIpHHUNNHATEHO MeHAT pods
xuaa wt pyas? Kasanoch ovesnansim,
TO ag Gonee cHABHLIX BeTPoB nyuIue
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‘AMWNITe Kopnye H cHenaTs KT» Gonee
MACCHBHEIM; HO B KAKHX MpOMOpUNX
BHecTH OTH HaMenenua? FloTpe6yeTcR
‘AM 21A8 HecTIoKOFiHOrO (KaK OxKHAATOCE)
Mops y Geperon Tlepra cosmapath Ho-
ay!o opmy xopnyca, wro6st caecTHt
MHMUMYMY JONONHHTEMHOE COmPO-
Twonenne? Creayer mm mossimiaTb
ocToftwisocTs cyama nyTem yaennueHia
MIUIMANBHOM MIMPHEBI HMM BOONIME-
ewig? Ornerai Ha 9TH BoMpoCKL HE
SHAM MUKTO, W HCKATE Hx GxInO NeKOTAa.
‘Haus nonpirkn oTeeTHt wa sx 3a-
‘cramunv Hac oGpaTurscs k pasmuuHKiM
HaykaM i yrayOHTBCA BO MHorHe pase-
sabi cyaoctpoenus, Ha Kaxksom 9Tamie
paGot Msi mpyGeranm x ‘noMou
KOMMBIOTEOB, KOTOPKIE PaclIMpHAH
‘HalIM BOIMOXHOCTH B OTHOMIEHHH MPO-
‘enens avasi3a H MPuBATHA peuieHtl.
Onuoii onopof enyxxnan Meteoponorn-
MecKHe M OKeaHOrpaIbiMeckHe sAHHbIe;
ant Hy 2KHo Gb1s10 TOMHO 3HaTe yenOBHE,
pM KOTOpeIX AomANI Goin mpoxo-
au’ coctssanna. Lpyrum kpaeyrom-
1HBIM Kanwem ca1y>xau1a MpoBepka Pacue-
‘Tos na Monenax; MBI poses 40 Hert
TEOMETPUR KOPNYCA M1 KIANS sxr 12-meTpoBoro knacca pe-
FynupyeTen cneynanbiuis «flpasynamis, Koropsle ZonycKa-
JoT sHadwTensHbie MaMEHeHHA WpHHe! KINA. fo 1983 F. CTaH-
‘AapTHeIM CHHTANOA Kune B BUpe NepesepHyTOR Tpane\ynn (a)
Sixra «Aactpanun Il», KoTopan 8 1983 r. sasossana «Ky6oK
‘Amepnikits, Wena Kine 8 BAe Tpaneynn C KpeineAMH (2). B
KOHCTPYKUMM KHNR sixTb! «CTaps-oHA-Crparinc» 91a MAER NO-
nyNvna cBoe NpoRONxeHWe: KuNb HANOMUHAN TpaNeWWe ‘TaHHN B onbITHOM Gacceltue Ha Momenax
axtei 5 1/3 HaTypanbHOR Ben!
coma HoBute MeToast O6paGoTKH pe-
synbraros. Menstranua natn wacton-
Luuex sxT ToaBOMINAIH OUEKHT» H MpoaHa-
JUSHPOBATE HX XapaxTepHCTHKH.
Tlovex onrmatsiol (popstst Kopny-
ca B aHawnTenbHOM Mepe OcHOBBIBANICR
xa TeopHit momonoro conpoTHBneniA.
Zia wayvenns raapoammaMmKs Kopnyca
HKU, 8 TAKE OUEHKH H BLIGOPA HAN
nysuuell KONpUTYpANHH 13 HECKOMBKEX
OT BapnanToB HenomBsOBaTHcS npo-
rpamMsi pacueTos Gespuxpesoro noTo-
ka, onucniparouine o6TeKanHe cnoxHLIX
KoNTypos. OGkiuHEIe MeTOaBI Moe
OBAMA BIKKEHHA Ten Ha THXOM Bone
Guin Monnduumposatins npuMenurems-
HO K YCIOBILEM B3BCAIHOBAHHOM NOBEPX-
HOCTH Mops H BEITOMHEHIHO MaNeBpoB.
Alna ouenkit Heckonbxux coT sapuaxTos
KOHCTpyKuitlt B cpaBHeH c KOBCTPYK-
UMAMU NOTeHUMANEHEIX. #xT-coMePHHLL
HeMlonbsoBamuc TeopHA BepoRTHOCTH,
‘Teopua rp M MonenMpoBaNMe TaXTHRH
ToHoK.
Sonbuinx pasMepos, yTonuancn Ha KOH-
Ye 4 Men KpsinbA Gonbuero paswaxa
€). lerann Konctpyxyun Kans paspa-
GoTunkn Repxar 6 CeKpeTe.
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HWM MrpaTo KOMMbIOTepKOe Moze-
_AMpoRaHe smHaMMKH Napycuoro cyawa,
Honyunpuiee WasBaHMe —MporpaMmet
nporoapopanna cxopocta (IITIC).
‘O6ume nporpammes Taxoro Tuna Ge1AH
paspaGoTansi HecKonbKNMN creumamn
cramm eure » 70-€ rombi. Jina nauiero
npoexra cheuianusuposanuyio TITIC,
Npeawaswawennyio Jax pacuera KOH-
(CTPYKTHBHEIX H TOHONHDIX rlapaMeTpoB
12-Metpuka, paspaGoTan oaMH 3 aBTO-
pos crarbu (Onupep). B xaectee Bxon-
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'NeHMA KYPCOBBIX YINIOB K BETPY Ht CKOPO-
cre npu m1060H KoMGunaunn weTHH-
HOH cKopocTH Betpa (cKopocT#t BeTpa
OTHOCHTeNbHO BOMB!) H KYPca AXTBI OT-
HocuTensHo BeTpa.
TINIC yaurreiwact HcTHMMEAH a abi
nenbunifi nerep (netep, neficTayoILH
ua napyca), a Take aopomumanmueckne
CunbI, BOSHNKarOUINE Ha Mapycax HB
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xopnyca. K 3THM cia oTHOcsTe 710
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BBIMIIETBHOMY BETPY, H MOMBENIHAS CH-
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Pucywox wa c. 8). TINIC yunremaer 1
THIPOMMHAMMECKHE CHIT, BO3HHKaIO-
ume Ha Kopnyce: conpoTuanenne, Ha-
npasvienuoe NpoTHB BeKTOpa cKOpOCTH.
cyaina, w cay apelia, nepnenanKysap-
Hy}o TOMY >Ke BexTOpy. TIpm ycTomtun-
BOM AIBIOKEHBIM BeKTOPHAR cyMMa STHX
NeTBIpex cut 2onDkHa OBIT pasta HyZI0.
Kpome Toro, zelicrsyioumte na axTy Mo-
[MENTBI CHM, CTPEMALLUICEA MOBEPHYTH Hx
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Kopnyca) 1omxHb1 ypaBHOBeWiNBATE Kpe-
‘Maule MoMeHTI, CO3aBaeMBIE CHAN,
neficTayrouuinn Ha napyca.
Boe 9TH cist # MoMeHTBt 3asHicAT OT
HCTHHHOM CKOpOCTH BeTpa, HCTHHHOTO
ytma peTpa, yria kpewa M cKOPOCTH cyZi-
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Onuonpemenno nporpamma Mower
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apuratkca Tax Gyietpo. Mekay ari
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Maremaruueckas Mouemb smHkeus
napycHoro cyana, uctpocnnas w TITIC,
MecoMHeHHO MOnesHa NpH KOHeTPyHpO-
anu xt. Micnonbaonanue Kommbiore-
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GYKRAMIBHOM CMBICTE Ha KPAIUTBAX — Ha
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‘uvia TpeHHPOBKH H HenBITaKA Ha Ta-
nalisx, aBcTpamiicke Kaname B
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yemmmouare 12-werpuxos. Tuarens-
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CTPOHTE APYrytO #XTY; NOCTATONHO M:
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yeenuenpan WHY BaTepmumun), a
Kun citenar’ Gonee yromuiensein Ka
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CBEPXBbICOKOrO
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B nwre cneyvanucra ms Bennno-
‘Opntanin paccmorpenbi sonpoce!
‘TEOpMM M NPAKTHKK CBEPXBBICOKO-
ro Bakyyma. Mpegcrasnenb! cBe-
Aexua 0 maTepwanax, ucnonbsye-
Mbox B ycnoBHsx BaKyyMa, cpegcT-
‘Bax nony¥eHHn 4 cOxpaneHHA
‘COKMx creneHen pasprKeHHA
cnocobax WaMepeHW AasneHiA.
Onncalie! MeToRe! KOHTpONA rep-
MeTHuHocTH. PaccMoTpeHbi HeKO-
Topbie monenh HOBeAETO Hay4Ho-
Fo W NpoMBWNeHHOrO ObopyAoBa-
HMA,
[ns cneymanvctos 8 o6nacTH
BaKyYMHOA TexXHUKM, a TAKE ANA
luwmpoxoro Kpyra akcnepumenrato-
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RACTAX TEXHUKM M MCNOMESyIOWAK
‘BakyyM B.CBO@A NpaKTHECKOR Ae-
aTenbHOCTH.
Vis peyersun akanomuKa A.V.
WanwunKosa: — «CywectaenHion
‘ocobeHHocTBIO KHHTH px. YacTo-
Ha RENAETCA TO, 4TO B HOA pac-
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ReKTéi npoOnembl Nony¥eHHA ynb-
‘TPaBbICoKOrO BaKyYMa, HTepacy-
/ouve WMPOKMA Kpyr YMTaTeneH>.
1988, 25 n. Lena 2 p. 20 x. CTOJIKHOBeHHA BpallarOMMxcaA
IIPOTOHOB
OKCNepUMeHTAaNbHO YCTAHOBNEHO, YTO pesyNbTAaT CTONKHOBeHHA
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YeKopHTene HAMeHANH apaulenne H
SHeprito CTanKHBAIOUlHixc MPoTOHOS.
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Mbt He Mormn mpesicxasaT nocnencTRHt
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MpoToHOB NpomoNxKalOT OCTABATHCR 32-
ragounian. Mut naGmonann Heox-
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CTPYKTYPy MPoTOHOB H cBOFcTBA CHE
six Baanmoneiicroutt
‘Stu uccnenosanua Mawannce 8
1973 r. Ha cHHxpoTpoHe ZGS (Zero
Gradient Synchrotron) » Aprowuckoft
HausonansHoh naGopatopun*. Torna
Moa rpynna 13 Muwiraickoro yHuBep-
curreTa wsyyana paccease nonapuso-
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ena crnnonbix 2pebekToR B CTomHoReH-
‘8x OTPHUATENBHO APHEHHLIX T-MEIONOD ¢
nporonanan, — M7pun. ped.
ANAH Q. KPUW
Poll porous Toxe Gain HlonspHsoBa-
MBI, T. ¢. CMHHB! BCex wacTuM EIN Ha-
npapnensi 8 omy cropony (em. Alan
Krisch. The Spin of Proton, "Scien-
tific American“, May, 1979). Tlonyyen-
ble PewybTaTbt BbisMHLAN cymLecTBeHt-
Hylo pom cra npH BsamMozelicTBHA
MpOTOHOB BLICOKHX 9Hepruf: xecT-
He NpoTOH-npoTOMHBIe CTONKHOBCHIR
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xopofi nonspisaiun npoTOHOE MuICHH
a nyaxa, Ecaw cra npotouos B nysKe
1M MMWeHH ObLAM HaNpaBAeHE! B NPOTH-
BONONOXHBE CTOPOHB, TO MpoToHE
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apyra Ge3 BsanmoneficTBiT.
B oxcriepumentax wa yexopurene ZGS
bt GbusIH OrpAHHYeHDI IHEPrHAMH, KO-
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WECTE MET, CTAIO BOSMOXHBIM HayYaTb
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BBICOKHX 9TeprHAX: Teneps AocTyNHH
aneprin 20 18,5 T3B (np nonspys0-
BaHMbIx ManeHH H MYy4Ke) H aHEprt 10
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ests). 91H HecHeAoBaHNs npenomHEcTH
Hosbie ciopnpusst. Crumosste xbdexret,
TO-BAAMMOMY, TPORBIROT KONEGANHK
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Hua mporoHos. TIpi MaKcHMatbHO 10-
CTyMHOR sHeprun ane cra MpORE-
JaeTCR OCOGCHHO OTHETANBO.
Haute yaupnenne netpyano noustb,
‘ueprus Bpaulen1s npoToHoS HlocToR-
Wa, TaK 4TO poms cna NomKHa Geisa
Gui ymeusuuarses ¢ pocTOM oHeprHH
cTOnKHoBeHHs. FIpH aocTaTOUHO Goss
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croponst. Tor dakr, ¥TO snwaaNe H:
papnenus CHHHOB BENNKO, OKAsBIBACT
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cTpyxtypst MpoToHa. CorsacHo Kpaui-
‘ToBOM xPoMoAMHaMItKe, OH COCTOHT 13
“Tpex Keapkon, ylepAxnBAeMBIX BMECTE
CHbHBIMM suLePHLIMH B3aHMoOZeMICTRH-
OKE ne w nepsutfi pas crimHosbie xp-
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TOMOARHAM, TO KarKABIM I0IEKTPOR Me
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ofl Mexauiikit aTOMHOH maHKH. OCO-
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Tl. Dupaxa.
B 40-e roast dusuxu cunrann, To
cnimonsie 2dekTLI MpoaBnsiores
‘TOMIBKO B ATOMHLIX CTONKHOBEHHAX pst
HIDKHX 3HEPrHAX HATO BD. AULEpHEIX
cTOMKHOReHHSX NpH aREprHRX MOpANKA
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exTHI MPH oHEPrHAX B HECKOMKO COT
MIMINHOHOB 9neKTPoHBOMBT. Yawsse-
Me H ODXHBNEHHe B HAyaHBIX KPYTAX B
‘ToT mepHon 3aguKenposano B paGore
9. @epain (1954 r.).
PAAMOUACTOTHDIM KBAZIPYTIONG ycroprer npoToHsi B cHHxporpone AGS Bpyk-
X@RBEHCKOR HayMoHANbHOA Na6opaTopHH. OH COCTOHT Ha NeTbIPeX aNeKTPHUECKHX
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‘06pas0M, 4TO ORHOKMeHHEIe Nonioca HAXORATCA HaNpOTMs Apyr Apyra. TAKOM KBa-
Apynont MMe anny 1,5 mu paguyc 0,3 m. Ero nonspHocTe WaMeHAeTcA 200 Mn.
Pas 8 CexyHay. MpoTOHH!, eneTaIoUMe B KBAAPYNONE, Y>Ke NONAPUIOBAHLl, T.
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vx CnuiHbl HanpaBnenb! B OpHy CTopoHy. Keagpynonn yCKOPAIOT NPOTOHEIOT HaMane-
HOA sHeprinM 20.000 9B (20 KB) 40 760 KB.
12 WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE. NAROD
CTONKHOBEHMA BPAUIAIOUMXCA NPOTOHOB: 1%
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Gomsumctso yuemux —mponom«an
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na 1 Gyaer cuixatacs pu Gosiee mutco-
HX 9HEprHAX
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pyro nOAXoA, peantsoRaHHett
a yexopurene ZG!
ne Tomko MuUien
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‘saumto MpoToHOR B NpoUcce Hx Yexope-
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wim npotowam. TIpuHeynpyrom
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Ha porknenue HOBBIX YacTHLL. Mist Waysa-
aM TOnBKO YMpyrHe CTOAKHOBEHHA, TAK
ak OHH npowe Asia HOHUMAHMA 1 UTpA-
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Paccesuie npoTowos necneoBaoce
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cnnna.) 51 Gyny HasbiBaTt TaKoe cocTOR-
le aapepx—anepy», Fe MepBOE C1080
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xpanaa 2Ty TepMuHOsIOTHIO, OcTABLIHe-
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NPOTOHHBI MPOTOHHAR
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- 1988 08Документ108 страниц1988 08Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1988 06Документ104 страницы1988 06Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 04Документ116 страниц1987 04Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 12Документ132 страницы1987 12Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1988 01Документ108 страниц1988 01Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 11Документ104 страницы1987 11Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 01Документ116 страниц1987 01Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 07Документ104 страницы1987 07Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1988 04Документ96 страниц1988 04Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 09Документ112 страниц1987 09Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 06Документ124 страницы1987 06Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 02Документ128 страниц1987 02Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 12Документ172 страницы1986 12Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 08Документ108 страниц1987 08Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 10Документ116 страниц1986 10Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 03Документ112 страниц1987 03Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1987 05Документ112 страниц1987 05Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 01Документ120 страниц1986 01Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 09Документ112 страниц1986 09Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 06Документ120 страниц1986 06Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 07Документ108 страниц1986 07Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 11Документ112 страниц1986 11Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 08Документ116 страниц1986 08Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 05Документ108 страниц1986 05Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 02Документ120 страниц1986 02Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 04Документ108 страниц1986 04Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
- 1986 03Документ104 страницы1986 03Alfred RytenkovichОценок пока нет
