WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE NAROD.RU] B MUPE HAYRU SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Ws3qarue Ha pyCCKOM A3bIKeWWW.SCIAM-MA AZIN Bunmannio tumamenen! Bomom eody 12-it homep aypana B MHPE HAYRH Gydem yenukom noceawen HO6bLM Mamepuasam. B nezo eoiidym cmambu eedyujux cneyuanucmos mupa. Bydym paccmompenei eonpocei nompe6uocmu KonKpemno1x ‘o6nacmeii KOHOMUKU 6 HOBbIX Mamepuanax, @ makxe npoGsembl HayyHou paspa6omKu u OceoeHuA npoMbiunenHoeo npouze0dcmea nepcnekmueHbIx Mamepuanos. B MHPE HAYRKH Debabpp AZ 1986 Tloanucka na xypHan « NPHHUMAeTCA BO BCeX OTMETERHAX «Corosnevate». Leta onioro Homepa 2 p.. nena ronosof noanscKs 24 p. Minaexc xypnana 91310 no «Karanory raser 4 >KypHamon aapyGerxubix crpann, pasnen «Mepesonnste HaysHite H Hay4HO-TeXHMMeCKHe 2kYpHATBD>. Tipenpapurenbitbie 3aKaset Ha 12-8 womep xKypuana «B Mupe HayKH» MOxHO HanpaBaaTs no anpecy: 121019 r. Mocxsa, Tpocnexr Kanunnna, 1. 26, n/n 42 Mockoscxit om Kurt B xypnane naakupyemca ony6auKoeame cnedyiousue cmampu: © PON HOBbIX MATEPMANOB B COBPEMEHHON SKOHOMMKE M. Paemune, Hoc. Kaaps (Maccasycerexn Texnonormveckuf nuctatyt) MATEPMANbI AA CACTEM MHOOPMALINM Mt CBASI 2x. Meio (@upna AT&T Bell Laboratories) MATEPMAMIbI AA ASPOKOCMUYECKON TEXHUKM ‘M, CmeinGepe (@upma Lockheed) MATEPMANIbI ANA HASEMHOFO TPAHCNOPTA Y. Konnmon (Haunonansuas axaienun Hays CUIA), H. Tocmeiin (dupma Ford Motor) MATEPMANIbI AA SHEPFETUKK P. Kaaaccen (¢upyea Sandia National Laboratories), JI. Timupugpanxo (Tlescunveancxs yuumepciter) MATEPMANDI AA MEQULMHbI P. @aanep (@upma Johnson & Johnson) HAYUHBIE ACTIEKTbI PASPABOTKM HOBBIX MATEPVANOB Fixe. Mueda (Yuusepewrer Tapato) HOBbIE MATEPMANbI B SNEKTPOHUKE TI. Yayoxapu (Claboparopu Towaca Yorcona pst IBM) CBETOUYBCTBUTENbHbIE MATEPMANbI Tix. Paysa (Gupya Bell Communications Research) KEPAMMUECKVE MATEPHANbI X. Bayon (Maccauycercxufi rexnonornuecknft uncruryt) HOBBIE NONMMEPbI 2. Baep (Yunmepcurer Kettca) KOMNOSMTHBIE MATEPMANDI B. Taine (enasopexun ynusepcuret) METAMNbI BYAYUETO B. Keap (@upsia Exxon)WWW.SCIAM-MAGAZINE.NA B MHPE HAYRIL CTATEM 4 18 30 42 50 72 PYBPMKH 3 7 28, 41,79, 91, 101, 108 92 96 102 1 Scientific American . i3gaHue Ha pyCCKOM A3bIKe MAAWCTPHPOBAHHBIA KYPHAT HEPEBOA C AHFAMACKOFO - BBIXOAMT 12 PAI H TOA - MBAAETCH C1983 FOAA VIAATEAKCTBO «MHP» MOCKBA N° 10- OKTABPb 1986 B nomepe: JlasepHbi TepMoRpepHbIA CUHTeS —P. Cmusen Kpaxcmon, PoGepm JT. Max-Kpopu, ion M. Copec Unopakpachbie nasepribie Aya, NpeBpallentibie C NOMOLULIO ONTHYECKHX KPHCTANIOB B Gonee KOPOTKO- OANONOE HHMYMEHHE, MOryT Harper THExXeNAM BOOP! NO 100 Maul. °C. Honbie NOCTHEKEHHA & ITOH OB- ACTH chocoBeTEyIOT NasIbHEMIMEMY NPOABIPKCHIKO Ha NTH K NPAKTHMECKOMY HICNO‘TEIOBAHIIO IHePrHH ‘TepmossepHoro eunTexa (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) Keasuxpuctanne! —oeud P. Heaecon BoTHx Henanko OTKPHITHIX MaTepHaAX peanIayeTCR HOBLAH THN ATOMHOTO MOpsIIKa, NPOMexYTONHOTO, Meany KpHCTaJIIAN H aMopdHiNt Testa. IX CTPYKTYPY MOAKHO OGBACHHTH ¢ NlOMOLUBIO MaTeMaT ueckolt TeopHH saMomeHi (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) TpatennaHTaywu 8 YeHTpaNbHOW HepBHOA cucTeMe — Anan Dain SMOpHonasIbHbIE HepBHBIe KNTKH, MepecaNEHHBIE B CYHTABLLNECR HeHSMeHSIOUINMHC® FonOBHOM M cmutH- Holl Mo3r MileKOMMTAIOUNX, cNOCOGHEI YeTANABINBATS TAM QyHKUNOKATBHBLE casa, Take TpasicniaHTa- ‘Thi MOTYT BHINpARIATH BBIIBAKHBIE TPABMON! WAN GonesHBIO NOBPERTEHH (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) NpoucxoxpeHve kykypysb! — Mayz» K. Maneeavcdop Tlo Mnexiio amropa, conpententias! KyKyPy3a HIMeeT He OAMOTO Npeska, a AByx Npornoulna 9 peayaLrare PEMA NPHMIFTNBHOW KYKYPYI6I € MHOTOSIETHAM ANKOPACTYUUNM 32aKOM TeOCHITe. Ira TONKA Ipe- vt lonTaepasiaeTCa pesymbTATAMM IKcHepUMEHTOR (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) Mexarinsmbi kneTouHOn craOunbHocTA — HH. Todopoe Yerofiuiean pabora Genoxcsntrempytouero annapara KNeTAN, a cneAoBaTeNBHO, u cTAGHABHOCTs ce OKIBHEHHEIX (DYHKUNH OGECNEIHBAIOTEH KOMMIEKCOM MomekynapHLIX 1 cyYGKETOUNLIX MeXaHHaMoB, KOTO- PbIC NOCHEMOBATCABHO AKTUBUPYIOTCH NPM Perko OrpaniieHHn GHOcHHTe3a GenkoB ConHeuHbi Yukn B ROKeMOpM — Hacopdae 3. Vuanenc Tepuonwieckie «curnatsin, TabHKCHPOBANMBIE B CHORX ABCTPAMMHICKHX rOpHLIX MOPON BOIPACTOM OKOTO 680 MH, neT, OBeULAIOT NPORCHITE RONPOC O NPHNHHAX UKIHYECKOH AkTHBHOCTH ComHua H ee BINAHHI na Jemmo (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) TepmanbHble Huw NonocaToro OKYHA = Yapas K. Kaye ‘Sra psiGa B pasHom Bospacte npentownTaer pasHyto TeMnepatypy Bomb. TepeHacencHHOCTb ONTHMAML- ix 30H MOXeT GuITH NpHYHHOH Toro, HTO Halu HANEKALI Ha NPOUBETAHHE HeKOTOPLIX MlonynALUNFl He ‘cOnisarores (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) BosHukHoBeHve YMBANYsAyHM MAMA Hopman Xa%Mono Korsa-ro nonarasi, #70 HHBHTNSAUNA Mala BOIMNKIA BHEIaNNO. HOBME OTKPHITHA, CHesANHLIe HayNHar ¢ 1975 r., onpowepraior aty TOUKy speHIO: UNBHIINZALNs Malis GoprMPoBaTace HOcTeNeHHO H nosBHNaCh XULONTO AO HavAsIA KHaCCHYeCKOFO epost, T.c. 3410110 20 300 F. H.9. (Scientific American, August 1986, Vol. 255, No. 2) 06 asropax 50 v 100 ner Hasaq Hayka o6uecTBo Hayka BoKpyr Hac 3aHuMaTenbHbI KOMMBIOTep Kuurn Bu6nvorpacbusCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ‘Jonathan Piel PRESIDENT AND EDITOR BOARD OF EDITORS Philip Morrison BOOK EDITOR Armand Schwab, Jr. Timothy Appenzeller John M.Benditt Peter G. Brown David L. Cooke, Jr. ‘Ari W. Epstein JIA3EPHbIN Michael F Gregory F:Greenvell TEPMOSEPHbIM CUHTES doe ets Ha oGnoxkke H206paxen BHYTPEHHNM BIL MiIEHHOM KaMepEt TaaepHOH cHICTeME! Ricki L Austing «Onera» Powectepcxoro ynusepenteta, 24 naaepiibix nyuKa onNoupeMentio Ha: NPABARIOT CBOH JYYH Ha TepMORNEpHYtO MHUIEHB (cM. craTbIo P. CTupena Kpa- Saal Potts) croua, PoGepra JI. Mak-Kpopu Jbkona M. Copeca «JlasepHuiii TepMosepHBtit Bahai cunTes» Hac. 4). ManenbKas cpeTauasca cepa 8 ucHTpe — 9To TepMomuepHar protiichard Sasso. Miuenb. Ona npeacTassiaeT coGoMt nomylo CreKaRHHYIO OGOTOURY sULAMeTPOM NH George S.Conn Mepio 1 MM, 3anonieHHyto aeftrepHenbin H-TpHTHeBBIM ras0M. AToMitLie wpa ra- GENERAL MANAGER 3a cammaloTes, Kora OBONOUKA H ra9 HarpEBAlOTCA AAdepHILIM HBAYHEHHIEM H CAI Maioven. Peasllnit TepMositepHoro cMHTesa MOTYT CTaTk HCTOSHUKOM NoTe3HOMl (Gerard Piel aueprint, MiniieHt, nonpeuiena Ha TOHKOM 11TH, NpHEpeM-IeKHOM K NepeMeutaoute- SS Myea yerpofterBy. Kaxkabitl nasepitift 1y¥ MpOxomitT Hepes may n anagparMy, KO- © 1986 by Scientific American, Inc. TOPAHI NPEAOXPANAET JMMHDY OT OCTATKOR NCHApmMOLIeTlCH MMLC, ANTHOTPARAIO- ‘Tonapwsittakax Scientific American, WEE NOKPBITHE Ha AHAdparMe KaxkeTeR guoneTORKIM. MuleKb OKPYxcHa AMATHO- cro TexcT Hulpuirosoe OopMAenNe —_-CTHPYIOULHMN _NPHGOpaMn: ycrpoficrsa oparrkenoro BETA, HanpHMep, — 30 mmaaiorex yexourTenbioh cOBSTBEHHOETHO penTTeHOBCKHE MUKPOCKON; Y3KIIR MpHGOP, PACHONOXEHHBiM BOA HIEKHEM NACTHE uucnomaonanta nese s ccorsererenm —BEDTHKALTSHOMI Oct, — peTreHOBCKaR xaMepa-OBCKYpa; KOHNNECKOE YCTPOMICTBO ‘CMLGHSHOWDIN OF OBOPOM nena nnepxy — uterenas ekopocrHas! KaMepa. B MHPE HAYKIL Unmocrpayun OBNO>K KA: Hank Iken THABHBIA PEDAKTOP c.f. Kariya GTP. ABTOPIMCTOUHMK CTP. ABTOPIMGTOURMK CTP. ABTOP/MCTOUHIMK JANECTUTEREFaABHOFOFEAAKTOPA = ERC OE ———eroo’veeo“uw«' 7. B.llenenesa 5 James Kilkelly 31 Anders Bjorklund Ronald 7 (eoepxy), Carol m HI HAyAHBIE PEAAKTOPH (eoepxy), Caro N. Bracewell, 3.€.Komanosa 0.K.Kynpason eect es Donner (anus) Stanford AL yoann oe roo 10 Gabor Kiss University sacle lag (eaepxy); Frederic 32 Alan Fine Aurea yen BIE PEAAKTOP Coe 72:73 Enid Kotschnig LM. Flonoaa ae M.B.Gyponona University of 3498 Carol Donner 74.78 Patricia J. Wynne XYAOKECTBENNBIA PEAAKTOP Rochester (emus?) 43. Quesada/Burke ef Noviaal C.A.Crynon 11 Groot Gregory, Hammond SABEAYIOWAg PEAAKUMEI University of 44 Paul TA. Spare Raweneuran Rocneyen C.Mangelsdorf 8283 Alan D. Iselin PYKOROANTEAB FeynnM SOTOHABOPA (coepxy); Johnny (c2coa wo ks JETT T.C.Asumos Johnson (eru3y) ‘cepedune), Tom Hammond TeEXHHYECKHA PEAKTOP Prentiss (enpaca) Ti. Hypxnia 12 Eugene Kowaluk, 88 Lowell Georgia, KoPrEKTOP University of 45.47 Tom Prentiss © National PLN Boxe Rochester ee. Geographic OSOPMIEHHEOBTORKUPYCCKOFONIANH® —— 49 Gabor Kiss Sosety. iC ea yao 5160 C.A.CrysoB . upetoauie pasorat 14 Bruce LaFontaine, 89 Norman B.B.EGunon University of 63 George Hammond ae penticin Rochester E, Williams oon, Aaa, ABPEC PEAK Hsin (2n39) 128820, Mocxea, TN 18 Saxe Patterson ow Chisti remy iaesegeleh eee 64 Andrew Christie — 69.94 Hi) Arbel TEAEGOM PEAAKLI jorge V-Kelvin gs Coorg Seon 97.98 Michael Goodman 288.2568 - 27 Leonid E.Williams © nepenon na pyccr ax ‘A. Bendersky, wogopstienme, «Mp», 1985 Robert J.Schaefer 66-68 Andrew ChristieR. Stephen Craxton, Robert L. McCrory, John M. Soures (P. CTHBEH KPAKCTOH, POBEPT J. MAK- KPOPH, JDKOH M. COPEC «laxep- Mui TepMostepnbsit cunTes) paGora- 1oT B JlaGoparopmn nasepHont sHeprerit~ ku, Pouecrepcxoro —yxnnepeurrera Rpaxeron — crapumit mayunsilt co- ‘TpYAMNK, HMeeT HayuHBIe cTeneHH GaKa- aBpa MaTeMATHKHL, HPHCROEHHYIO eMy 8 1970 r. 8 KemOpiurxckom yHitpepe- ‘Tete, MsoKTOpa dusocopun B OGnacTH usHkH, KoTOpyto OH Noay4H B 1976 r. 1B MimnepeKom Komsiem>Ke HaykH 1 TEXI- kip Jlonone. 3anepuitte BLcutee O6pa- aonanne, Kpaxctow noctynma na pa6o- ‘Ty B Powectepekutl yrupepenTer, rac 8 ACTORULce BPeMA 3aHNMaeTCR MaTEMA- ‘THMECKHM MosienMPonannes aasepHoft ‘nnasmet. Max-Kpopm noayuna crenetn Gaxantaspa ecTecTBCHHLIX Hayk Ml 1OKTO- pa diiocopin 8 Maccauycerckom Tex- honornueckom uictiTyte. B Powectep- KOM ynUBepeHTeTe OM 3aHDIMAeT NOA- 2KHOCTH NPodeccopa NpHK/ATHOA Mexa~ ‘uviki H aMpexropa JlaGoparopiu saxep- HoH onepretuxs. Jo 9Toro on Goin WTATHRIN: Hay4HBIN COTPYANHKOM. #8 Jloc-Anamocekoft HauionanbHoll iaG0- paropm. Max-Kpopn 6sinsuue- peainenTom H uneHOM KOHICOpUNIYMA Scientific Computing, Inc. » Mpuucro- He; ABAKIETCR KONCYAbTAHTOM HecKo!Tb- UX WacTHBIX GupM H TocyApCTBCHHBIX ‘opranmauni. Copec — samectureat aupextopa Jla6opaTopunt nasepHott SMEPreTHKH HM PYKoBOAMTEN’ oTHEZA OKENEpHMeHTANbHBIX —ccmenOBAHHT, Oxonsnin Powectepcxufl ynmepcurer, nonysna cTenenm Gakanaspa ccrectacn- MbIx Hayk B OGaacTH dursMKH (B 1965 T.). MaFHCTpa €CTeCTREHHKIX. HayK (6 1967 r.} 1 noKTopa bunocodun B oGna- (CTH MeXaNtiKit aapOKOCMHYCCKHX Hay (8 1970 r.). Tloayans noKtopexyio cre- nen Copec cram corpynmukom staGopa- ‘Topi, rae on aaniuMaeten paspaGor- ofl MOUUHEIX slasepoR. David R. Nelson (SBM. P.HEJIb- COH «Ksasnxpucraansi) — npodec- cop étaient FapaapacKoro yruacpeure- cra. Yanines 8 Kopneamcxom yunpepen- ‘Tete, ren nosyana crenenn Gaxanaspa (1972 r.), maruetpa (1974 r.) wu0KTopa dusocodim (1975 r.); nocne sauuerB OKTOPCKOM ANecepTALNH TAM 2Ke 3aHt- Mazen Kayunon paGoror. C 1978 r. on corpyannk Tapeapackoro ynunepenre- Ta; B 1980 r. eTan mpodeccopom. Hayu- ble NTepecst Henscona BKmONaIOT dhasoanie nepexontt, TypGynenTHOCTE, -AKWAIKHE KPHCTAILTB! H CTATHCTHNECKYIO MexaHHKy cTeKOn. Alan Fine (AJIAH ®AMH «Tpanennan- Tau B UeKTPANBHO! HepRHO! cucre- Me») — corpyannx oraesia MoneKynsp- HOR HeipoGnonornn Cosera Meni KNX nccedovaNHi & KemGpuinke (Be- auxoGpuranus). Yaunca 8 Tapsapa- CKOM YHHIBepeHTeTe, HECKONLKO sTeT CO- epineHcTHORAN cBOe OOparoRAHHe BO pam n Mspanne. Oxonwn acni- PaltTypy no usuonorHn HseTepHHApMH 8 TlevcuabsancKom yuusepeuTere, 0- ene wero went Haysnyto paGoty 8 Hausto- HaNbHOM HHCTIETYTe FICHXHYECKOTO 3:10 Posbs (CUA) 1 8 BeflumanoscKow mi cruryte (Hspanas). B 1983 r. nepewen 8 KemGpuax. Paul C. Mangelsdorf_ (IIAYJIb K. MAHTEJILCAOP® «Tposicxoxaenne KYKYPY3bIn) — noveTHpiti mpoxeccop ecrecrsennoft ueropun FapsapacKoro yhimpepewrera, peayuunil cheumanicT B (OGnacTH reneTUKH Kykypy3ut. BomEiLiy'o wacT® cwoell Hay¥HoM 2H3HH OH MOCBA- ‘Tis Hayyeniuo 9TOM KyaETypts. Byayant chIHOM GoTaHHKa MM ceneKuHOHepa, Manrensenopd pao sanwrepecosanicn kynbrusyposanves pacrenii. Cenex: tno pactenuft on wsyuan B KawsaccKkom koanemke 1 8 TapsapacKom yMuisepen- rete, te 8 1925 r. nonyauia poKTop- cxylo cTenenb, B Teweuste 13 ner Man- Fenscnoph paGoran Ha CenbeKoxo- aalicTenHoh —_oKenepunertTambHoft cranumtit 8 Texace, re BHIBOIIUI HOBBIE copra KyKYPYSbl, MINENHUBL, P>KICH = Mews. B 1940 r. nepryca n Taprapa- ‘ckHA yrBepeHTer y2KE B KaNecTRE Npe- noaavatens. Toate Tam ke cTan st Pekropom Gorannueckoro my3en. Msio- THe ross Gui COBETHIKOM 110 CesIBCKO- Xo3aiicTBeHHBIM NIPOrpaMMaM, —Ocy- uecransentim Dowiom Poxibessnepa 6 ‘Mexenxe Ixnon Amepnxe. B 1968 r. Manremcaopda upuraacunn wrath exuun 8 Yeusepenrer wr. Cesepuan Kapoanna, om nepeexan » Yanen- Xuan. Ceftuac on wa nencus. MPOPb HHKOJAEBNY TOLOPOB («Mexanusme xueTowol craGassHo- TH») — sanenyiouh na6oparopnent MonexyaapHolt Guonormn Huctaryta xUMHYeCKOR GHaHKH Akane HayK CCCP, cneumaancr 8 oGnactn cyGxne- ‘TOMHO H MONEKysINpHOM GHOXHMIH Ht GvOxHMMM HyKNENHOBLIX KHCTOT 3YKA- PuoTHYecKHX opraHitaMos. OxoHun GuonormMecknit gaxyaster XappKos- eKoro rocyaaperseNHoro yunBepeuTeTa (1955 r.), kanauaat Guonornecknx Ha- Yk (1960 r.), 2oKTop GuonornueckHx Ha- yx (1970 r.), npodeccop (1974 r.). B60-€ om 3anuiMaea Mexanitamamn cimTesa Genka PHK 8 Gecknerounbix cucre- Max, B70-e roalt nepeuren x citcTeMHLIM. uccnenopannant Gocuirresa HHopsa- UHOHHEAX MakPOMONEKys1 NH BO3NeFICT- Bi Ha OpramNGM PasnitunEIX 9xcTPe- 3 MambHbix daxTopos. BosMoxHO, He ‘Topbil OTIevaTOK Ha CTH HecrIenOBA- ‘Teabekolt paGoTs! H.H. Tonoposa ua. K/aabIBAIOT ero NOCTORHHBIE, XOTH H CKPOMILIC 3AHATHS MYSbIKAMLHOM KOM: Tosnunen. GEORGE E. WILLIAMS (.bkopix 9. Yiummame «Conmesnnit wikst ® 20KeM Opin») — rnapHeam reonor 8 oraene Aumepanorim xoxmannn Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. 6 Aacnanae (Averpaanix) aouewT naaneraprsix nayk B Apsaonckom ysumepentere. To- yan cTenewh Maretpa reonorunt 8 MensOypicxom ykisepenrere, yexart 8 Aurnwo; Tam # Pesirexom yunsep- currere 8 1966 r. emy Goina npitcsoena OKTOPCKAR CTeNeHb 110 ceHMEHTOO- rim. Kax eneuianier no paasenxe xir- nepasios paGoran Bo MHorHX eTpanax, axnowaa BemKoOpuraniio, AxH, Typumo, Kanaay 1 CUIA. “Onnospe- Menno Yusieame npoaomxan Wecites0~ Bana elle NO OANOM TeMe — peKoncT- PYKIUIH CombeNKOH H reogieaMuECKO “Topi Ha OcHOBAKIH HOy-EHHA APEBHINX ‘ocanountax nopos. Charles C. Coutant (HAPII3 K, Kay- ‘TenT «TepManbabie HIMLIN NonocaTOFO OKyHs») — pykoBoaNTeat nporpanMbt ho Hsysenno roGanbHoro tNKIa yene~ oma, OcyulectaaReMOM MuuucTeper- Bom 9Hepreruxit CIA 8 Ox-PuvxcKoit HaunlonasibHofl aaGoparopin. Yunsca it ‘oKoHMHA acrmpantypy B Yunepcurere Siuxait; ram ake 8 1965 r. nonyuna ere- neHb aoKTopa bunocopun. Buin Haya HIM. COTpyANHKOM THxOoKeaHcKOFO Cevepo-3anaaoro oraenenua Hucri- tyra Borteas, sate nepeuien 8 Ok- Puurxckyio waunoHasbHy!o sa6opaTo- Pwo B OTAen npoGiem oxpy-xaioutelt cpenst. Kayrent aannMaeten npeumy- ulecTweHHO 9KoOFHYeCKHMHK NocAeReT- RiIAMIT weTOREECKOHL sesTeNBHOCTH, BMACTHOCTH BIMANHEM —UIOTHH Ht aneKTpOCTaHUNA Ha IKONOTHIO Pek M Boavemon. Norman Hammond (HOPMAH X9M- MOH «Bosunxnonenne unpususaust Matis») — npodeccop apxeoaorm 1 anTpononorH# 8 Yuneepewrere Par- Tepea, a Take aMpeKTop Nporpanntn apxeonormeckinx nccneAosaHnf 3Toro yaupepentera. B 1972 r. » KemOpivx- ‘cKOM ynuBepcHTeTe noayuNN cTeneHe aoxropa diviocodnn nocie 4ero cram Hay¥HBIM cOTpyANHKOM 8 LleHTpe no ayweniHo cTpaH JTaTHHCKOM AMepHKH. 3arem npenonanan a Bpambopackom (BemmxoGpurania) w Kannopunficxom yunsepeuterax, C 1970 r. pykonoanr ApXeonOrHNECKHMH — HCCHEROBANNAMIE nocenenit malta a Benue.Jla3epHbii TeEPMOAEPHbIN CHHTE3 Wrcbpakpacnble nasepHble ny4n, NpespaljeHHble C MOMOL|bIO onTuyecknx KpucTannos B Gonee KOpOTKOBONHOBoe usanyyeHue, MOFYT HarpeTb TAXKENbIN BOAOPOg AO 100 mnH. °C. Hosble 4ocTuxKenua B 3TOM OONacTN Cnoco6écTByIoT AanbHevwemy Npogsuxenuio Ha nyTu K NpakTMYeCKOMy UCNONb3s0BaHui0 9HEprun TEPMOAAEpHOrO CUHTesa P. CTABEH KPAKCTOH, POBEPT Jl. MAK-KPOPM, A>KOH M. COPEC wefiume 8 MiIpe asepHbie encrennt — nasep «Hovay 8 JIn- epMOpcKOR HatIMOHaMbHoM naGopato- pu sins. JLoypenca, nasep «Fexko-XID> 8 Yunvepeurere » Ocaxa p SInonnm, 7a- ep «@eGye> 8 Inne Ho MpanUKH H 1a ep «Omeray 8 wauelt naGoparopH a Pouccrepexom ynBepeHTeTe BOUT B CTpof mefierayiouutx B oGnacTH BiH: Mabx it yabrpagwonerosstx sunHH BOM. B Tloc-Anamocckoft HauonamHolt na- Goparopun cosnaerex naxep apyroro ‘Tuna’, paboraiouuiti wecxombxo Gonee NopOTKOBOMINOROH OGMacTH, eM yAt ‘paguosieronas. Muorne Gombune sa- aepunie cHeTeMM urpaior HeManyio PONS B BOEHHBIX HHCCTENOBAHHIAN, a= "Mpaprenkix Ha CosnaHe HOBKIX BHIZOB opyausi. OaHORPeMEHHO MuPHIE Hays be MecnenosanHs, CTaBIe BO3MOrK- bina ¢ MORBNEHHEM BCEX ITHX yeTAHO- BOK, HaMpaRHIeHBl Ha peulente WCKMON- TesIbHO BaKHON npOGreM! zNA BLCrO SenonevecTsa — venlombsovaHHe sHep- rit suepworo cunresa. Pesynwraret Ye nponenanHofi w 2roHt oBnacti pa- Gorm nossomMOT HalenTEcA, TO 8 Gnwvxaiiume 10-nev Hayka mponeMoHer- pupyer oryulecrsuMocTs 3Tofl ues Trapani, OcHoBaNNeM sua TaKOrO onrunursa saaimeTen cyuiecTBeHHoe npoapirxene 8 aByx Hanpassien. B ontaxe ang rewepauiat Mousx na3ep- AIX MyEKOB ¢ ropaso Gonee KOPOTKHI- Mit AaMMaNH Bom, YeM nepBonawan ax, Gois0 HenonssoBaHo ABNIEHNe, Ha- suIBaeMioe Mpeo6pasopantien: WaCTOTHA rapmonnx. Stor yeriex Baxen noTOMy, ‘470 naxepnaa aHeprna MoxeT OsIT® ne- penana TepmonepHiol smuseR ropas- no xbbextupiee © HoMoUMA0 KOPOTKO- OMHOBOTO HBY¥CHHS, HEM ITO MO>KHO enenar, Henombaya smumbie Bom. B TIPOULIOM roay weTsipe Kpyn- *Banyexnasepa 1987 r. — MTpust. nepes. nanmpyeren wa ocrinxenus 8 oGnacTa monemmpona- nui wa 9BM nosnomim npowsnomier Pacerst Tepwoaepmbix Peart - Lmupyembix siasepom B TepMoamepHOR MINUIEH, HEKTIONTENBHO MeTATEHO, 2 cama sronenm cram Gomee peasmerie pina. Celtuac pacweTHuin nyreMt MOx- Ho ocTaTONO ToMHO ONPENeNHT: x2- PaxrepHicTuKn TepMomepHOM MuteHH 1 manatoux nasepHsIx ny'KoB, KOTO- hte HeOGxonHME 18 TOTO, ¥rOBKI cre- at mposssoncrso TepMomepHoft MepTt 9KOHOMHNECKH PeHTABEMBHBIM. Kpone Toro, samevarensubie cpencraa auarwoctixn woryT Teneps mpocre- AUT 3BORIOUNO TepMOREpHBIX PeaK- 1th m npenenax coro stom HawioceKyH- sei (10? © Konrponupyemoe suinenenne snep- HWE MH cuirTeae aTOMHBX sep BHT OaHoM M3 caMBIX npuesiexaTembinnn Nae Haykil ¢ TeX MOP, KAK MOTeNUMI- amsnax noma 9roro mpouecca sina ccosnata wt npumepHo 40 net Haxat 8 9TOM HanpassteNH Hawasiace cepbesHas paGora. Xopouio usBecrHO, #To eMeck TwKENBIX IBOTOMIOR BOACPOA — se. ‘Tepua M TpitTus — snseTer HaHGonee HOAXOAALIIM FOpIOMHM MIR TEPMOR- aepnoro cimuresa. OcHosHoll naysKom eTbIO #ansIOTCR Harpes HoHIOB setre- PUR 1 TPHTHH HO OCTATONHO DuICOKOMI ‘Tenmeparypbt Mt yaeprxanne 3TOft Tes neparypst AOCTATOSHO OMT, ¥TOOEI NonyanTh SHeTOE yReTHNeHHe >HEPTIN 3a exer peaxunih cutresa. B xaxoll pe- KUM cunTesa MexKAY HoHaMMt zeftre- PUK TpHTHR poxamoreR amda- aCTHua WIN suIpo CenHA H HeltT POH; BbI- ensrowascs MOHAN xiHETHNEcKAR auepria, KOTOpas pacnpenenserea ‘MEX ABYMa MpOayKTaM PeaRiuM, asia 17,6 soni. 9B. Ec rosopxTs © aoarocposnolt nporpame, TepMosutepui cares TOMKO MexAY MOHAN eltTEpHR MO- xeT oGecncunrrs mpaxriecki weorpa- HWENHIAR HCTOMHINK aHeprHt, MOCKOITE- 4 Ky B pacnopsKemim HMetoTeR OrpoM- ite xonnuecTaa aettrepis, comepskatle- Toca B Mopexoft Bone. HanpHmep, 2Hep- ‘iw cunTesa ZeftTepia 8 Gaccehive 110- mambo 30 x 30 new ray6unOR 2 4 mor~ Jha Gt OGecreMitTh MY>KstHL 8 >zTeKTpH eckofl stepri TaKorO Topo, KaK PO- secrep, Tevenne roma. Pusuueckue ocnose aasepHoz0 mepmondepHoz0 cunmesa Xopouo wssecrua cxema cosaiiin YenOBHM, HeOGXOANMBIX Ait cHHTeSA, ‘saxmovaiomiascs 8 Marpese naasMei — neKTpHMeCKH HefITpAsIBHOFO rasa HO HOB Ht CBOBOAHBIX 3NeKTPOHOB, KOTO ble YnepauBaroren cHITbILIN MarHT~ bi niosiem (em. P. Korn. Texseckne MpoGremti coamanHa TepMosmepHbIx PeakTopos ¢ MarwitrHeiM yiep>kanHem nu1aaMet, «B mupe nayKi» 1983, Ne 12). ‘Onnaxo B Hawaste 70-x roaos amepukan- cKwe yueHbie Havant aKenepHMeHTst NO Harpesy 4 yaepaxasiio masMBI cOBep- IeHHO MiIbIM MeTOZOM, B KOTOPOM Hc~ Tonbaylores HeKmiowsrenbitbie B03 MOXKHOCTH slaaepHOro Marpena* (cM. Moshe J. Lubin, Arthur P. Fras. Fusion * B Coverexom Coroae mpeanoxenie 06 Ncnomsonanimt naxepon sux Harpesa ninas- [bi 20 Tepsontepunix yertomul 6b10 BLICER- 3auo B @HAH CCCP » navane 60-x ronos (ex. conercxyio SuBnuOrpagulo k cTaTHe Ha ¢. 111). Torna axe Guu nponeens reaper weckwe paGoTH! nO HecmesosaNMo varpena aswel saxepHBIM HEUTyeHNEN, commana Mouiwas no Tes BpeMedan YeraHoBka, Ha KO- ‘Topol » 1968 r. nonyuensi nepasie TepMo- ‘anepunie welrtpousi nw aasepHiom oB.y%e- vn sonen 13 edt repiina ETH. B70-x rO- ax 8 @HAH CCCP navarst axenepinet- ‘Tambubie wccaerouanis chepHvecKoro coxa ‘Tus, KOTOpHIe MpOAOMAIOTER No HaCTOmLLE ro upenents, — pus. nepee,WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE NAROD.RU] JASEPHbIIA TEPMOS NPOCTPAHCTBO BOKPYT MVUIEHHOM KAMEPbI nasepHon cucTemb! «Omera» 8 nabopaopnn Po¥ecrepcKoro yHuBepcn- Tera, CHcTeMa BKNIONAET CTEKNAHHuIA HEOAMMORLIA nasep C peoSpasosanieM wanys4eHMR B Gonee KOpOTKOBONHOBOe ANA NpOweHeHMA MCCNEAOBANNA CBOACTA TepMORAEPHbIX MME Hef ANA NasepHOro CHHTesa. CHaana Nagep HanyYaeT OAMH icbpaKpacHiiM ny4OK Ha ANMHe BONHbI 1 MKM. 3aTeM ny4oK yeunweaercr 4 pacuennserca Ha 24 nyuxa. Flocne nepsoro: yonnenun Kaabii us 24 ny¥Kos nponycKaeTon Hepes AYEAKY, copepxauyo ABa xpucTanna Aurupporena cboccara Kanwn ADEPHbI CHHTES ee (KOP), re ny npeoopasyerca 8 ynbTPacbMoneToBEIa, pa6oTa- OWA Ha yTPOeHHOR YacTOTe sana‘owero ny¥a. SepKana H ‘AUHabI NPOBOART M CoKyCUPYIOT NyYKM B MUUIeHHY!O KaMepy, cnomtoe ccbepHueckoe YCTPOACTBO, pachonoxKeHHoe B eH pe chororpacbin. Mawenlian Kamepa saKyymMposana, TepMOR- AephaA MMWeHL nojBeUiena B YeHTpe KaMepEI. Bce 24 nasep- Hix My4Ka CXOARTCA Ha MMUIeH!| M MepeRaloT ef CBOIO SHEP- wo. TpwGope Ana peructpaymn scbcbexTos Bosnenicrauana- 2€pHOM OHEPriii Ha MUUCH MOKHO BMAETb BbICTYNAIOWHMK hapyony 6 BepxHen nonyctbepe MMWeHHOM KaMePbs.6 by Laser, "Scientific American", June 1971, a rawKe John L. Emmett, John Nuckolls, Lowell Wood. Fusion Power ROTA Hi papnofi by Laser Implosion, "Scientific American®, June 1974). Flyvox nan ws- 347% ABNAUNOHHAR| TOBEPXHOCTS PEOPATUPOBAH MBIA MASEPHBIM ny4, SPAEKTOPHA 7 (CBEPXTENNOBLIX ‘SIEKTPOHOB AASEPHBIMA CMHTES npovexopur 8 repmonnepHon mauieris, OGsi4Ho Manon ccbepuvecKon OGonouKe wa NnacTHka AMaMeT- POM pumepHo TMM, COnepKaweA 8 Ka4ecTEe roploYero ‘oMect RenTepHa u TpuTHA. OGoNouKa CAHOPOAKO OONywaeTCA co MHOFMx HanpaBneHnm nepeKpbIBaiOUMMV.CA NasepHLIMH YUKAMM, €€ RHEUHAA WaCTh UCnapReTCR 4 NpeRpAllaeTcR & nnaswy. Nlasepriie ny4ki NpOHUKAIOT B NNasMy TONbKO AO NO- PXHOCTH KPMTHNECKOM ANOTHOCTH WB ee OKpeCTHOCTH ‘BKMApbIGAKOT» OCHOBHYIO AONKO CBOER HeprMH. OAMH M3 Me XAHVaMOB NOFNOWHHA SHEPrHM, HaabIBAeMbIA CoyRapHTent- ‘HIM nlornoweHMieN, OcobeHHO adycbeKTHBEH ANS KOPOTKOBON- HOBbIx nasepos. SNeKTpoHe, OCUANAUPYIOUe B oNeKTpHYC- ‘ckoM rione nasepHoro nywKa, HarpesaioT nnasMy NocpeACTBOM CoynapeHwi apyr c apyrom c woKaMM nnasMel. Tennosan ‘SHeprun HarpeTOH NnaaMbl NepeHOCHTCA BHYTPb K AGNALHOH- asepworo wanyuenna pactien- HeCKOMPKO MEHBLIHX NY4KOB MHTeHCHBHOCTH, MbIe My4KH YoHINBAIOTCH NO IHeprH 1 BOBL cOGMpaloTes BMecTe cHCTe Mofl sepxaa w ms03; ¢ Hx NOMOMIbIO My kul ¢ pasiMuHRIX HanpaBiiennil boKycH- pyloren Ha Maneubxyto oGnacrs. Sapa, roprowero 1a neitrepus H TpuTHA yaKO- uibaeTes B HarOTOBTENNyIO 1 Maer Pacutensien- _NAnAout —“RASEPHIM NY4OK VICNAPRIOWASCA / TAM N ORUMAIOWARCR OBOROUKA ANACTAKA NOBEPXHOCTS KPUTHYECKOR nnotHocTH oA NoRepxHOCTH, rpaNnue Mexpy ropAYEA nnasMom 4 NnoT- How OSonoUKo. CHapyxH aGNAUOKHOA NOBEPXHOCTH nnas- Ma pacumpreTcn oT ocTaswencn OGonoUKH NoAOOHO wneAcdy Fa30B, WcTeKaIoWx 43 paKeTbi. Cunbi peakyM sacTaBnAoT ABUTATSCA COONOUKY BHYTPb K YEHTPY MMWeHH. MNFITOsHA CoxuMaeT ropiouee B NNOTHOE APO M HarpeRAeT ero; cosqaIOT- (of YCROBMA ANA NPCTeKAHMA TepMORAEPHEIX peaKuMA. pA MenonbsoRaHi AAMHORONHOBEIX nasepos SHAUTENKHAR {O- ns nasepHOR SHeprWK COObWaeTCR HeKeNaTENbHbIM BbICOKOS- HeprHuHbiM oneKTpoHaM. TaKMe 9NeKTPOHb! MOFYT NPOHMK HYTb @ UeHTD W HarpenaTe roplouee B HavaNKHOA CTaRMM NpO- yecca, NpenATCTBYA BLICOKOMY CxATHIO, KOTOPOE HEOOKOAH- Mo 8 eHTpanbHOM AApe ropiovero ANA ROCTUMeHHA ocr MeHenia,WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE. NAROD.F ASEPHDI TEPMOREPHBIIA CHHTES ka, CTeka HH HeKOTOPEIX ApyTHX Ma Tepuasios cipepusccKyto OGOMONKY s11a- METPOM B HECKOsIBKO. MINLIEMETPOB. Tlonyuennaa TepMosmepHaa Mumetts Pasmeuiaetes B nepeceeHHn ysclt, TaKWM O6PasoM MPOHCKONHT ce OAKO- poaHoe onyyenne. Slasepuilt uvinysee nowrn MrHoBeH- Ho MOHN3yeT ATOMLI BO BHEUIHEM coe MiNueHH, Ho MaTepHan BHYTpH HeKoerO Kpitrnueckor 0 paalyca OKadbIBaCTCR He- OCT YNMBIM 1U18 a3epHOR 3HeprHM. To- 3TOMy slaxepHas 9Heprua HorsomaeTca B MOTHOM croc naasMel, KOTOpHIit ‘oxpyakaeT seffreput-rpwTHeBoe FopIO- ee. Harpesaemtiti colt miasnbt sicra- PRETCA HM paculimpactcs, MoxHO cka- 3aTb, BsPhIBaeTcA H cBOGOAHO paseTa- eTCR OT OCTATKA MUINEHH; XapaKTepHaR CkopocTs Hcnapmouieficn nasMbt cO- crapsiger 1000 xMi/c. B coorsercrain ¢ ‘TpeTbUM 2aKOHOM HytoTOHA PARHBIe 1 nporusononoxHo HanpamsteHMbte CHAK YcKOpalOT K WeNTpy MaTepHam, 3aKi0- ‘NenHisift BHYTDH McrIapsIOMerocs cHOR, ak cca Gsi marepian Guin paKcTot, APHBOAUMOA B ABIKeHIe pastieTaIo- ‘metics Tora3Moll, oxpy:Karouelt MaTepHt- an. Konuenrpavecke cist wanpasnien- HOFO BHYTPb BIpbIBA AOcTATOMMEI 171A TOrO, HTOObI YeKOpHTE 3a OAMY MULTIIH- apanylo nono cekyHabl OcTapulytocs oGoa0NKy 0 CKOPOCTH B HECKOMBKO CO- ‘TeH KHIOMETPOB & ceKyHay. Pasiyc ro- provero cxumaeres #50 pas, 1 BOsHKa- souine m pesynbrare BbicoKHe Tewnepa- ‘Typa H MNOTHOCTe Foprouero cnocober- Bytor cmntreay ero aaiep. B neficrayiouem TepmoxiepHom pe- arope poxknatouutecs B peakuax Hefi= ‘TPOHBI RBUIETAIOT H3 FOpIOUErO € BHICO- Kofl ckopocThio H nepesialoT cBotO 2Hep- iio peak ropHoll kaMepe, oxpyxxarouelt MecTO B3psina. B O/1NOM 163 MpoeKTOB BHYTPH CTeHKH peaxTOpHOM KaMepst CO- DepaRH TCR RAKHI META THITA HTH, KOTOpMIi McnombayeTes Kak saMenJiHt- tens. Hellrponst coynapsiorcs ¢ apa~ Mul XWUIKOCTH H JaMenmsOTeR, Nepena- as CBOIO KHMETHYECKYIO 3HEPrNO AHUT- kocrit 8 mune Tenaa, KwaKocTs npote- kaeT wepes Tens006MeHHNK, epesIapad TenLA0 UMNpKYAMPYIOMIEMY Hoa AaBTeH- eM napy. IneKrposweprus MoweT reHe- PHPOBATKCR ¢ NOMOMIBIO OOKNHOH ma- PoBoH TypGune. Beck pouecc # ueri0M apecreH Kax asepuutfi TepMoxsepHEtt cunres. Xora Mbi orpanwunssc paccmorpe- HWeM TOMBKO asepHoro cuHTesa, cHe- AYeT 3aMeTHTe, HTO YCKOPHTEsTH, COI Aarouie Ny4KH wacTHH, TAKXKe MOTT CAUMATE TepMomepHylo MUCH. B Hauionannof naGoparopin Cansua 6 AasGyxepke nesiasno sapepuseno cossia- xe yexopittens PBFA-II (Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator — yexopurens nya- on wacTHt U8 cutrTe3a), KOTOpEII 6y- Aer nepenasars sHepriio Tepmoaitep- NbIM MIILICHSIM € NOMOMIBIO NYSKOR Bh- 109) ROFMOWEHHAR SHEPIHAA, % g ° 108 10" VHTEHCHIBHOCTe NASEPHOTO HANYHEHMA, Brien? vy MKM 10" ‘SKCNEPHIMEHTbI NO NOFMOUEHVIO npu pasnnuneix anuiax Bond nasepHoro H3- AYMeHNA NoKasbIBAIOT, HTO NOrNOWeHMe B TepPMORAEPHOM MAMeHH CyLIeCTBCHHO BO3- Pacraer npH yMenbwennn Ann 1 xm. Scbsperr oxasb) BONHE MasepHOFO Ny4KA AO sHAYOHKA MoHLe 1STCA OCOGEHHO CHNEHEIM B AMaNaZOHe MHTeHCHEHOCTH OT 10" no 10'° Br/ch?. VMeHHo & STOM qManasoHe NNOTHOCTH NOTOKa SHEpriM B PEAK: ‘Tope MoxeT OCYWIeCTBNATECA TepMORAEPHbIA CHHTES ¢ NoMOWbKO NasepHOrO MaNyHe- Hun. {\ns TaKix ANMH BONH BbICOKOe NornoweHMe NP HUSKOM MHTEHCHBHOCTH i CH >KOHME B NOFNOWeHAU NPA Gonee BLICOKHX HHTEHCHBHOOTAX XapaKTepMayIOT CTONK: HoBiTenbHoe nornoweHHe, KoTOpOe NPHEOAMT K KeNaeMOMy HarpeBy MiasMel, OKPY- >kaouen MMWeH®. flonA Raqa|uien SHEpriK, Nepeweguian B HEXeNaTeNbHbIe CBEPX- ‘TennoBbIe SNeKTPOHEI, BOSPACTAeT c yBENMYEHHEM ANIMHEI BONH! NasepHOrO MSM enna, coKosHepreTHNeckHX HONOR NTH. Tipouece, xapaxtepubiit a8 ecex TaKHX xem OcyulecTBeHNA TepMosepHOTO cunresa 8 MMlueHH nocpencTROM ee (KATA HEIABHCHMO OT THNa HCTONMIKA omeprim (na3epa, ny¥Ka waCTHM HAH xaKoro-sNG0 apyroro), Meer o6uiee Haaeane — «HHepunanbunifi TepMo- saepubi cunres». Jlasepor c npeoOpasoeanuem yacmombt Ho nenasHero speMenit MoulNbte 7a- dept, cnocoGubte BosGy2kslaT® PeaKuNt ‘cHTe3a, CTPONAINCk TOMbKO B pacueTe Ha WaslyveHne B HHdpaxpackoh OGnacTIE ain won. BostbummcTBo axcnepumen- ‘Tartbubix paGot 8 OGnacTH TepMoamep- Horo cuHTexa Gb1s10 MponesieHo ¢ He NosbaoRanHent nByx THNOB Hipaxpac- MBIX siasepos: TEePAOTeMbHOTO Nasepa, |SUINHA BONHBI W3z1yseHHA KOTOPOTO Pas Ha | MEM, HragonOro nazepa Ha AMOKCH- me yrnepona ¢ :MHHOR BOMB 10 MIKM. Oawaxo 8 onue 70-x roo pesysibrarbt MHOTHX 9KcNepHMeHTOB HM COXHBI pacierts va 9BM nosponuan yerano- ANTS, NTO HenOMBIOBAHNE TAKHX s1a3e- OB 11% TepMosmepHOTO cuHTesa cO- IpsokeHO ¢ MpHALUTHAMBHO TpyAHOC E10. len0 B TOM, 4TO uany¥eNHe nae pos Ha sume RomHB 1 MKM nH Gonee pu wireveusHocTs, HeoGxomuMOH A718 cut'resa, nornouiaeTes 8 TepmosaepHott MEH MeHee Yen HanomoBiHy. K TO My 2Ke cylecTBeHHaR YacT, MorsIOMIeH- OM 3HeprHM YHOCKTCH Tak HasbIBAeMBI- MM CBEPXTENTOBBIMH SeKTPOHAMH. ‘StH snexrpons npoxonsT cao6onH0 Nepes TepMoaepHyto MuLIeHB H Marpe- BaloT roplowee, MIpEAue HEM OHO MOKET Gui. Karo. Tpexaespemenneit Ha- TPeB MeUIAeT AOCTHECHIIO BBICOKOM TAOTHOCTH, HEOGXoAHMOM aN TepMo- sinepnoro cunTesa, Heenenoparesu 6sicTpo nonsm, #7o wexenatesbubiil mporpes ropiovero Moxer Guth yeTpanen, ecas GyayT co3- ‘aH MOUIBIe axePHI, HMEKOUIME AITH- My BONHBI Kopowe, YeM y unpaxpac- nor, Kaxyuuiiicn TyMiX, Cumann © orcyrcranem = TaKWx mlaepor, 6bin OGoFiaeH ¢ MOMOULAO OpHrHHaTHOTO onrsyeckoro npuema. Oxasatock, 70 pi UcnonbsORAHHN THIATEMBHO BBIpA- WEHHBIX MeATbMBIX KpucTaMOB, pas- PevaHMLIX 3aTeM nos TORHO paccultTaH- HBIM yr0M No OTHOUICHHIO K OpHeHTa- Uni KPHCTALUTHMECKOM PeweTKIL, MOXHO cosaars Taxwe yerpolicrsa, KoTOpsIe Fenepupyior Gore BsicoKHe FapMonNKt namarouero wanyyensx. Yacrora rap- MowiK MoxeT GbITS KpaTHa /IBYM, TPeM ion Gones wactoram nomponHMoll Bon HBr 8 3aBNICHMOCTH OT NHCILa HeTIOML30- [RAHHEIX KPHCTANITOR Ht HX OPHEHTALLHH BB MMPE HAYKI-1986/N? 10 kaxaom yerpofierse. ZLzuia noansa BYWROB, COOTBETETBYIOUIIN BLICOKIN rapatoniass, KOPOME R TOM Xe caMOM ommowennm. ‘Hanpumep, ecan renepupyemptfi ma- 3ePOM AINHHOBOMHOBI MHpaxpac- hil! caer npoxozitT Hepes OAH KPI- erann, oer NORBITACA WAITER AOA CReTORON aHEprHn Gomes KOPOTKO- nonnoaoro seienoro cheva mpi ¥/2R0e- fn wacrorss HonosuIMOrO sEny¥eNI. Ecmm 3enenbifi caeT OcTaBumifics wH- ‘bpaxpacubiit cet nocne nepporo KpH- ranma NPOXOINT Hepes BTOPOM KPI- cTaa, 9TH yun MoryT 6srTs mpeoGpa- owauist 8 ay eile Goze KopOTKORON- HOBOTO H3/y¥YeHHA C YTPOeHHOM 4acTO- Toft, 7. ¢ aniol! aonies 8-TpH pasa kopowe nepuowauansnon. B oaviom #3 9kcnepHmeHTos B TonH- jexmsecxon uixone 90 Dpannt aye cuera ¢ anmiof noms I NxM, FeNepi- DYeMbAl cTeKnaNHEIM HeogHMOBEIM 1a- sepom, Gein nponyuien nocmenosarenb- Mo Nepe3 J1Ba KpHCTanna AMrHaporena Gocbara Kanna — KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate): anna sonst HGAYWEHHR YMeHLIANaC BNBOE B Kak JIOM KPHCTasINe, TAK HTO MOTHOE yMeHb- rene 6bi10 pasHo weTbipe. Mien ornoTHaa MpaKTHYeckH BckO 3HEPrIHO wacTOTHO Mpeo6pazoBannoro ayya, 1 (cBepxTemstowble auIeKTPOHBI He Gb1H 3a- Pervcrpuponamnt. B 3rHx nepabix 3Kc- TepHMenTax B iamyuente ¢ Gosee Bbico- KUMI FapMOHHKaMH OBL npeoGpazo- ‘aia TOMBKO Maslak WacTs Masaroulero ceeTa, Ho 9TH peaynbrarht oKazannich BecbMa OOnaTExHBaIoUNIMM. YueHEie Tamm yaensirs Gombuoe sHunanne dit- HIKE npcOGpasouanuia HaCTOT M_METO™ alam yayauesna a*tpexTHBHOCTH MpCoB~ PasoBaHa Ha7yYeHH CTEKIANHBIX HeO- ZAUMOBEIX TasepoB. SntmuecKan 008 HANPABREHVE PACNPOCTPAHEHHAR TASEPHOO NYA yron cornacosa- HAR OASb HANPABNEHAE PACNPOCTPAHEHM} AIASEPHOTO NYHA KPHCTANMBI ana renepaunn BEICOKHX FapMOHAK YacTOTe! neAaloMero nasep- Horo manyueniNn BbipesaIOT W3 KPMCTAN- nuweckoro 6noKa ® BAe KOYIMEIK AUC- kop ¢ onpegenenHoh opnenTauen no ‘OTHOWEHNO K TPeM KPHCTaNnMWeCKHM ‘ocaM x, y Mz (cnesa). KpucTann senner- (Om CMMMETPHYHbIM OTHOCHTENLHO NOBO- ora Ha 90° BoKpyr OCH z, T. e. BOKpYT ero onrnueckom ooH. NesepHEir nyy pacnpocrpanseron wepea AucK.nOA npA- ‘Mum yrnoM K ero nlosepxHocTM, oOpasyA YTON ¢ ONTHNeCKOM NOBEPAHOCTHR, Ha abiBaeMBIA yrnoM cornacosaHinA dbase Yron cornacosanun base! onpenenser- 8 npn paspesanin Kpncranna (BBepxy). Coerosas sonna, sxoaawan 8 Kpucrann © NpowsBonbHOA nonapHsayueR, pac wWennserca Ha Aue BonHsi. Mepsan 6on- Ha — o6biNHaR, Winn o-Bonna, HMeeT no- AapMBaUWO NOR NPAMbIM yITOM K OnTH Meckom OcH, NapannenbHyio OCM y KPH canna. Bropas Bonka, HeoBbiKHoBeH- ap, un e-sonka, nonspHsORAHa 8 NNO- ckocTH x—y, e2 honapwsaynA nepret- AMKynnpha ronapysaunn o-BonHe Teunepamypa u naomuocmo YroGsr ouenTs HeoGKoaMMocTs He- srosirrenbabix nayantx yeuail, KOTO pele MoTpeSonamics mina pelenis npoGreMsi KoHBepcwi wacTOTHI H sIpY- Tix acnekron TexHonoru aepHoro ‘TepMOMIEPHOTO CHNTEIA, HY;KHO OCO3- HATS, CKOMs CNOXHS! 1 MHOFOOBPAIHEL ‘buisneckwe yetonua, xoTopEte HeOGxo- AMM 2418 NPOHSBOCTBA IKOHOMHMECKEH RITONHOM aHeprin Ha OcHOBE saxepHO- ro eniresa, Temmeparypa roprovero BomxWA NOCTHNE NlowTH 100 MMH. °C, ‘wro 8 HecKonsKo pas Gonbule TeNmepa- ‘Typhi na nopepxnocrH Comma. Oawo- [BpeMeNHO Foprowee MOMKHO OuITE CxA- ‘TO 0 Takoll NnOTHOCTH, KOTOPas|COOT- vetersyer nnotuoctit 8 uewTpe Comt- ta, Gortee ¥en THIcR4y pas MpeBEmLIAIO- elt HOpManbiyio nmoTHOCTE TREPInOrO iui xxHMKOTO ropro¥ero, apHMepxo pasnyio 0,2 r/c. Hlapnenne, coor- nercTnyiomiee TaxwM Temmepatype RAOTHOCTH, OrpoMHO: steHCTRHTE:THO, pit naxepHioM CxATIN yx NOCTHTHyTO manneune nopsitka MiviTHApnoR aTwoC- ep. Bonee Toro, 97H yetosits nomxHbs Gui cossianbs 8 MuKPocKonHuEcKHX KO- uweeTRax TepMomiepHoro ropioNero. Coananue raxux yenonutt worno 6x1 He ‘TOMBKO HaMiTH NpAMOE MpHNEHEHHE 8 mpowswoneTse TepMosepHoll aHeprut, Ho Ht caeHaTs BosMOxHBIM NposeneHte aGopatopHsix 3xcHepuMeNTOS 8 acT- podueanxe. HeoGxosumocrs warpewa TepMo- snepHoro ropiosero cxienyeT ¥9 OCHOR OHEPreTIKK SMEPHBIX BrANMOMICHCTAUEL TIporonst neftrpoust, oGpaayrouune aTOMHBIe pa, NpHTSITHBAIOTCA APYT K ApYry sepHEIMH cILIAMM TOMIBKO. Ha ‘oven Gnaxom paccrossn. Moxromy -MHOTHe AulepHte cHCTeMD TH CAMs Sule MOFYT YBEnWHTE cBoIO aHepritio cesou. Tomax Macca npoaykron peaK- lus HHecKOMIBKO MeNitIe, eM cyMMa Mace coeamimiouuxer anep. FloxTosy 8 coorsercrem ¢ cooTHouennes tint urTeliia, cBRLIEAIOUNM Macy M aHep- mio, Macca, Teprenaa 8 peaKiunt, pe pamiaetes 6 aNeprito, xoTOpas NpomE- ‘geTeA KAK KHHETHECKAR HEprHR NPO- ayKTOB peaxiuit Ha nyrn ymenbuiewin norenunatie Noll sHepriu cymiectayer saxkutalt Hep- revimeckntt Gapsep. Fp Texmepatype Menbune 10 wut. °C miamnnioe 91¢KTpO- crarmeckoe or rankipaune npoToHoE 8 surpax npenoxpaniaet supa oT spesMep- Horo cOmbxenitn, npH KOTOPOM Hasina 40T fielicTBoRaTs silepitbie CHIBI NpHTA- seeunn. Axepnbte chs CranonsTca npe- oGnanarouMNA TOmbKO Ha PaccTOsHNH ‘oxono 2 - 10-3 em, cpashnmow c paa- Mepont cant sep. Ja Toro sro6tt COnisierscn wa Takoe paccTomune, s18a saipa NOxWSI GkiTs WanpaBmienst Wa- serpeyy apyr apyry © 3anernoit xuterit-seoxoft sueprneit; nnBiNeH cTOBaNI, He- OGXOMHMO CYILECTBEHHO YEATES HX ‘Temneparypy. Baxwiolt npnamnott 1x1 Gopa seftTepneBsix H TPHTHEBBIX HOHOR xquecTne TepMoaepHoro ropiowero OAACTER TO, HTO KAKABII HOM HeceT ‘TONBKO OAH oAOAHTENbHBAA 3p, i 3TOT MaZIAM Japs CBOMIT 10 MAIN Ma ssaNIMHOe OTTamKHBAHNE WaCTHU rO- prosero. Butcoxoe cxarwe ne snaseres Teope- ‘TwMecKHH mpenocetaKOl iH TepMo- suxepHoro cutTesa, HO OHO yBemuNUBaeT abbextimHocre peaxuuil cwnreva, u Gea Hero Me OGoltTHCR & NpAKTHECKHX NO- exrax peaxTopos. Sneprit siaxepHoro smynsca, Heoxonnwat ms ocyulecT- neni ooxbextuBHoro cimTesa nefire- ix TpHTTHA MPH OGEIHOR OTHOCTH, Nawioro npenbiuiaeT noaMoxkHocrH coppementoft nasepwott Texmuxs. Kor- sha roprovee B utulcH nOcTHTaeT MaK- Cynta cxxaTHA, kaMeTHeCKaR HeprHt cxommuIErooR K LEHTPY peulecTBa MpeD- /aMlaeTeR 8 TeNLTO; KoHUeHTpaNIIK 3TO- ro Tenuta 8 Maolt cxaToM OG:1acTH NpH- OMT K BospacTanio “Temneparypst ropioyero. TepmoniepHoe ropete Ha- samraeTes 8 Maioll o6sacrH B uestrpe ro- plowero, xoTopar HasbisaeTeR 30Nam Hof caeofl, Yersipe naTbix aHepri rO- Penus mbineseTCs Bute xHETHUeCKO 3HEprHH HelTPOHOB, KOTOPHIE POXO- ART Nepes OKPYKAIOUYNO MaaMy 1 Ne- Peaaior enoro aHeprMO AKHAKOCTH, LMP ryimpytoute 8 xamepe peaxropa, 1H ‘JaMeUUFTeMO HefITpOHOB B CTEHKE Pe- axropa. Ccramsimie 20% onepriat repmo- snepubix peakuih yuocsTen aipa-tac- ‘rumanan. Tlockonxy anviba-wactunbt mMetOT Sapa, OHM TOPMOSRTER B TOPIO- emt ropasio Gone afbexTHEHO, eM stetfrpoust. B cromkwosenunx c oKpyKa- Fouun roprowin aba-acTaubt Mepe- TaIOT eMy CROKO KIMETHNECKyIO aHep- ‘io, 1 9T0 npouexonT Ha paccTomHN, xoTOpoe O6parHo ponopusonateHo moTHocT# ropiowero. Taxi 06pa30M, ‘aneTHas On 3HeprHN CHHTeIA MOKET Gs1rs cooBuieHa XonomHOMY CHOI Ema Toro ropiovero, ec roprovee nocra: ‘TOsHO ANOTHO Hero PaNHye ResIK Ha eTONBKO, 4TO ambsba-HacTHuB OCTAHO- ares, Taxoe wacTuNHoe normomeHne oneprin cHHTesa B ropIOveM sBACTCR peurarouuine sui9 adyexrBHoro pacnpo- Erpanenua TepMosepHioro cimTesa; 3TO mBneHNe HasEIRAIOT caMonosiep- ~xwarouuetics nomHol roperus. (boots- trap heating). Koraa snepria, npnsue- ceitias roprovee ambia-Hacriuanan, IpessimiaeT 3nepritio, HeoGxonIMyI0 Ia ero @KATUR, TOBOPRT, WTO NUH, nocnsaenseres. Ecsite ipectHo 20- CTHTHYToe sHa¥eHME IUIOTHOCTH CKATO- To ropiowero, TO MOAHO ONpenemIT: ‘ce HeoGxonuMBIe NapaMeTpbl: Pamityc ©aToro napa, Maccy roprovero H >Hep- DASEPHBIMA TEPMORQEPHbIA CVHTES ‘OnTH4EcKaR och YACTOTEL ° yron COPMACOBAHUA ‘@ASbI ANA YABOEHUA NACTOTEI ‘ron COFRACOBAHUA ‘@AabI ANA YTPOEHIA HANPABNEHME PACTIPOCTPAHEHMA ASEPHOTO NYA OPVEHTAUIAA AUCKA no orHoweHno K KpucTannorpadweckHM ocaM onpenens- een npocrimh reowerpiuecknMin cooSpaxenHaMn. KDaCHbie Ayr npencTasnAIoT wexomHyio wacToTy Hlcbpakpacvoro nasepa, seneHisie v cunue Ayr npeacTaBNAIOT Bonkibi Ha BTOPOA n TPeTReM rapMOnWKaX. NloKasaTeNv NpenoMAeHHAO-BONHb! 348N- ‘ORT OT ANMHB! SONHi! MSNyHeHAA W HE SABUCRT OT OpMEHTAYIAN AMCKA NO OTHOWHIND K cow2. NostoMy noKasaTent npenowneniA wHcppaKpacHon O-Bonlbl WsOOpAKeH B Bye KPACHOA KDyrOBOA Ayr, NOxasaTenM NpenoMNeHnR seneHOA u ynTpadMone- TOBOA BONH Ma0OpANeHE! ZEMeHOA M CHHER KPYrOBbIMK AYraMH. MloKasaTenH npe- oMnenuA wicbPaKpacHon, SeneHOn w ynbTPACPMONETOEOA e-BOnHe! MSMEHRIOTCA Nip MSMeHeHMM Yr7la OpMEHTauMM AMCKE NO OTHOUeHMN K z-0On. STH MaMEHENNA ‘penoTasnetisi 6 Buge MyHKTHpHtX ONMMNTHYECKMx KPACHOM, SeNEHOM MCHHER AY. Ana yasoennn 4acToTs! Hanpasnenne PacnpocTpanenuA cheayeT BbIOupaTe Tak, Tobe! nokasarent mpenoMnenus seneHOn e-fONHsi paBHANcA cpenHeMy NOKasaTe. no npenoMneninR HHcbpaKpacHbIx o- M e-BOnH. [ANA YTPOeHNR NaCTOTH! NoKaseTenb nipenounetnn ynsTpac>HoneTOBOR e-Bontisi AOMKEH PABHATECA ORHOA TpeTH NoKa- aaTenn npenownenia micbpaKpacHon e-Bontisinnioc Age TpeTH NoKasaTena seneHOn o-sonHt. Mo asepHoro usnyseHiI, HeoGKOAH Mylo ana pocrtamentema, LlocTinxeHHe nocTLTaMeHeKIIR 6b110 661 BaDKHOM Be- Xoll 8 HaysHofl eMoNcTpausit OcyuiecT- ‘BUIMocTH slasepHoro TepMostepHOTO cuntesa. Ho Ja BbICOKOE CxATHE NPHXOANTER ‘naTHTe: cpasy nocme Havana peaxtuttt cuwresa OMm nomkMBI npexpaTiTsc, ‘Tak Kak mpit GOUIOM BHyTpeHHEM s1aB- neni cxkATOe Topiowee pasneraeTcR. Mew none crenenb cxaTun, TeM ObicT- ee ropiouee pasnerittcn na wacTH. O2- AKO BHICOKAR CKopocTe peaKuuttt mpH Gompuion oKATHH AUXBOFI KOMMEHCHI- yer orpanientioe npenia ropeniin. Ha- Npumep, nonaras, ro ace yenonus ‘OcTaHYTCR HEHSMEHHBIMH, TIpH KATHE annyca 8 10pas cKopocTe peakuafl 303- pacraer 8 1000 pas, Toraa Kak npozon- AUTEABHOCTS —FopeHNR yMeNBUITTCA Tonbxo 8 10 pas. Cneayer sameruTs, ro IMOTHOCTS roprovero B yeTaHoRKax © MarHHTTHBIM yaepxaunem 8 10 Mapa. Pas W>ke, eM B ropalem aape wuie- un. Koncrpyxuia ycranosox aomxua KOMMNEHCHPORaTH HIEIKYIO TMOTHOCTe yaepxauutem ropiovero B TeeHHe Bpe- enn, » 10 suipat. pas Gosice nponomKH- TenBHOTO. ‘CmonxxnoeumenbHoe noenowenue sHepeuu Kaxue 13 Muorux dirsnveckux mpo- MeccOR, OTHOCALINIXEH K a3ePHOMY CHH- Texy, HEOGXOAMMBIE IM ZOCTHOKEHUR BBIcOKoll_TeMnepatypbt HM RBICOKOM RAOTHOCTH FopIOvero, ABNAIOTCR HaMt- Gomee naakHbin 2018 HOHMMAH 4 KOH- ‘pons? Oxasbisaetcs, To HauGonee kpurTuseckie poueccbt saBucat OT oco- Gennocren Hsanmonelicraus siaaepHoroWWW .SCIAM-MAGAZINE. NAROD 0 B MVPE HAYA 188810 pees eee eae ‘ { ASEPHOTO MIVA > : > > SAU 35° WH@PAKPACHBIX ©OTOHA oo qpeteeedoneroay » HANPABNEHWE > yron nonsen- ota 3AuMn 45° CMEWMBAIOTCA ABA VHOPAKPACHBIX ‘@OTOHA ae CXEMA YTPOEHUA YACTOTBI 8 powectepckom ycraHoBKe (esepxy), 8 KoTOPOA ucnonbayiorcA ABa KPMCTaNNa, OCH OMe KOTOpHIX B3aMMHO Nepnen~WKynAPHE!. NagaioMuA MAcbpa- KpacHbif nasepHbin ny’ onripHsoBaH Now yrnom 35° K 0-OCH Nepsoro Kpucranna. Mpw TaKoM pacnonoxeHHM ABE TpeTH choToHos, nanaiouyx Ha NepssiA KPMCTANN, OPKMEHTHpOBAHE! BRON Ocho MORHA TpeT» — BRON OcHe. OpMHO-cbeKTHBHOCTEIO BTOPYKO FaPMOHHKY Ha nasepe «Hosa». BXoAAu\MA NyYOK NoNAPUSOBAH TAK, NTO KO- uwecTaa HicbpaKPachbix O- M 6-cboTOHOS OKadbiBAIOTCA pas: HbiMM. SchcbexTMBHOCT» yABanBa‘uero Npoyecca MeHbUC 100%, w HeKoTOpCE KONAYECTBO NePBMYHbIX UHcppaKpACHbIx choToHos ocTaeTen HenpeobpasoBanHbi noche npoxoxne- isl Yepes nepswif kpucrann. Korqa BTOpoH Kpuctann nosep- HyT Ha Manbifi yron No cpaBHeHIio ¢ NoNnoKeHMOM ANA YTpoe- HMA MECTOTEI, OH CTAHOBMTCA yABaMBaIOMMM KPHCTANNOM M ccTasmwecn MHcbpaxpacHbie (OTOH! MMEOT eye OAHY BOs ‘Takan TexkHka MOKET MMETE OCEKTHBHOCTE 80% cuera ¢ TIAIMOR KOOHB!, 11H aTMO- cthepoli, oxpyskatoutett roproyee Mutiie- un. Hanpnmep, nepewoc nasepHoit 3Hep- HH K AGHAUKOHKOMY cio1o HauHHaeTes kopoue. Bonee Toro, yponetts npesma- PHTembHOro nporpera ropioxero cBepx- Weenac ‘TenowbIMM 3neKTpoHaMH 0 Kayana OKATHS TecHO CBRIAH C OHIHKOR Tuta3- Mbt KOPOH.s. Tlocne Toro xax nepsbie nopusH na- SepHoro HaAyYeHHA HOMHISyIOT peMle- (CTBO BHEWIME!l ACTH MMUICHHL, BOSHIK- MOMKHOCTS ObITb NpespaljeHHbIMn B seneHwie. laa naasMa KopoHbi HawHMaeT pacu- pareca wapyxy. Kopowa snnsetea RueTHOM BOMMIH NOBEPXHOCTH MEH W crawosuTea paspxxeHHOK MPH YBesH New paanyca. Beictpo ocumsmmpyio- lee aneKTpit¥eckoe mone nlocnenyrotlle- PEHTTEHOBCKOE Vi3OBPAXKEHME paeT sosNomHocTs on- Pefennit oAHOPOAHOCTS nasepHor OOMyYeHAA TepMospeD- HOW MmuieHis. LiseTHoe wsopaxKeHe NpeACTaBNAeT peHtTre- HOBCKOe ManyYenne MawenN, KOrga 8ce 24 nyYKa ynTpacbuO- neToBoro nasepa «Omera» ccboxycuposanbt Ha MaNbie y'4acT- Ku uueni, Takoe OGnyYeHHe He IPHBOAMT KCHMMETPHYHOMY. ‘edKaTUIO, OAKAKO NONeSHO AANA NPOBEPKU HaBEAEHUA M COKY- ‘cHpOBAHHA nasepHEK NYUKOB. ApyrHe HJ0HPAKeHHA pep: cTasnmoT oKaTHA MMWeHeA NpH OGnyYeHKH NepeKpbiBaIoUl MucR nyuKawM. B cepeqHe npencTasneHo us0opaKeHKe GonbWOA MAW C TOHKOR CTeKNAKHOA OGoNOYKOA, cnpa- Ba — MeHbueA MMWEHH c TONCTOM CTeKNAHHOA OGONOYKOR: Ge MnWeHH HaNONHeHuI ReATepHEBLIM W TPUTHERKIM ras0M, Kpachiie oGnacn Kaxkqoro He05paKeHHiA— oTO soHbI Hal. Gonee cunsnoro perTrenoscKoro nanyyenia vs cxaTOR YacTH ‘oGonouKH. ToncTan oGonouKa yAepxnBaeT ropwYee npH MeHbulen TeMneparype, YeM TOHKaR,, M STO NPMBOBMT K Gonee BLICOKOMY CxATHMIO TOpIONero. 3:28 Toro To OGonoUKa Ton: can, 30Kbi McnycKaHUA PeHTreHOBCKOrO MaNyHeHAA NPOCTH: paloTcn ganeKo 3a nepsonavansHbim nonoxeHMeN NoBepxno- CTH MaueniFo npHXoaAuIero narepHoro cBeTa BBL sbinaeT OMCTPHE OCUNAAUMN Jerwalt- UX sapmKeHHEIX YacTHKL anexrpouon. TloaTomy B mraaMe noatit- KaeT TOK, OCUMUMpyIouM c HacTOTOH aagepHoro fons H nponopuOHAmbHEt moTHocTH aeKTpoHos B rutaaMe. BO BHeMIHHX paspexer {CTAX KOPO- HL TOK Mam, HO BO BHYTpeHHUX OGsa- TAX, THe 9neKTPOHHAR MUIOTHOCTE BO3- Pacraer, TOK cTanosi'Tew Gombute. Ha- KOHell, Ha PaccTORHIN, KOTOPOe Ha3i- BaeTCA KDHTHYECKHM PamHycoM, TOK CTAHOBHTEH HACTOMIBKO GOMBLIHM, 4TO SKpAHMIpyeT TAIMy MPH MeHbILIHX pa- auycax OT slabHelimero NpOHMKHOBE- Hus naaromtero snteKTpHYecKOrO OMA. 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QTOT MexaHTaM nepeasH auepriin Goniee xbbexTupeH 2:18 KOPOT- KOBONHOBLIX slasepOB, HeM 2/18 AZIHHHO- BONHOBLIX, TAK KAK Hny¥eHHe c KOPOT- ofl anMNoHt BOMB MOxeT NDOHUKHYTE ao Gonee BbICOKOH 97eKTPOHHOR nun0T- HOCTH, Fie coyaapeHHA aBTMOTEH Gortee wacteii. Tennosaa 2HeprHs mepeHo- CHTCR BHYTPE K AGRAUNOHHOA nOBEpX- HOCTH — rpanniie Mexny pasmeraio- ielica w coxuMaromietica 4acTaMH MuIIe- um, Cronkwopirenbioe nornomesne anlonve oGwactseT HanuuHe TOM ACTH HOrHOUIEHHOR sHepril, KOTOpaR aciierayeT CKaTWO MueHH a npoUecce unnino3n*. Ceepxmensospie anexmponot Himeerea weckosisko npyrux Mexan3- MoB NOrmoulenuA nasepHoh sHeprin KoTOpbie He aHOT BK/Iaga B Harpep HE ‘oKaTHe FopIONerO, HO KOTOPEIE HeOGX0- BUIMO TOHSTE, TAK KAK OHH ABIROTCR *Vivecten ® mnay cbepnuccent expen semen, Hanpanneweiit sHyrpe. — FTpus. epee. WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE.NAROD.F TASEPHBIIA TEPMOAAEPHBIM CHHTES HcTOUHNKOM HexenATENbHIX cRepxTeN- HOBBIX 921eKTPOHOB. 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