B MHPE HAYRH SCE. RICA C Anpea 4 1987Vi5damenocmbo MVP inpeduaae MUPMATHTbI Tion peaaxamen Dx. Suyopra Tlepevoa ¢ auraustexoro eer PaccmatpmaaeTca npoGnemaree- TakxKe MeToAMKa nopcHera Ganan- awca MHTMaTHTOB C NPMBNeYeHN- ca BewJeCTBA NPM Hx OOpasoBaHHN. ‘eM HOBBIx oKcnepHMeHTansHbix flaeTcA reonoronerponormueckan ‘AaHHbix nO rpaHHTHbIMcHCTeMaM, _XapakTepuUcTHka MArMaTHTOS LO- ‘no bMOMAHbIM BRTIONEHHAM B MM: TRAHAWK M CeBepHOA wacTH Anna Hepanax murwaTHTO®, a TaKxe NO Naver, a TawKe AeTANLHO pac- qhas0Bbim pasHOBECHAM, OTMEYa CMaTPHBAKTCA HOBbIE AaHHDIC NO FOWMMCR NH MaCTHMHOM ANaBne- chMIOWAHDIM BKNIONEHHAM B MHHE- Hii MenwToBbix nopon. MlenaeTcA panax wurwarwros KOxHOR Hop- BLIBOA © ROMNINEKCHOR NpHpoRe BerHu m Konopapo. poueccos wurmatusaynn. pw [Ina _netponoros, _mnnepano- BOAMTCA ReTANLHOe ONMCAKMe roB, FeOKMMMKOS M reonoros WMPO- ‘TeXCTYPMCTPYKTYPMHTMATHMTOS,a KOTO npocbuna. 1988, 23 n, Lena 3 p. 80x. TIpeamapurrensunie saxasbi na xtra ssinycKa 1988 r. ‘npimunaaiorex MarasyiawM — OnOpxAAN MyieTaMAt spnatenscrsa «Mup» c ausapa — despaas, 1 OCTAMLURIMH ne4raSHHAMA HAyHO-TexBMNECKOM AMTEpATYDE © anpens — max 1987 r. Wisaaremcrso saxa3os ne npunuwaer. oB MMPE HAYRH CTATBM PYBPUKU 11, 42, 55, 87, 1 4 12 iy 3 100 82 88 4 90 1 Scientific American . Vsganne Ha pyccKoM AsbiKe WAMCTPHPOBAHHBIA xYPHAA TEPEROA C AHTAUACKOFO - BMIXOJT 12 PAI B FOR: UBAAETCH C 1983 TOMA WOATEABCTRO «MMP» MOCKBA N° 4- AMPENb 1987 B nomepe: Tonog a CWA x. Jtappu Bpayn BeneacTsue coKpaenHa denepanbHbix PacKOMOB Ha COUMAMBHBIC HYAKABI FONOA, akTHYECKH HCYEIHYB- wifi B cTpane B 70-¢ roabl, BHOBb CTan ynemOM MHOTHX aMepHkanues. To HexoTOpbIM ouenKaM B CLA rononaior 12 sini, aeten m8 seni, B3pocmBIX (Scientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) Muxporpy6ouKa — BHYTPMKNeTOUHBIM MOTOP — Pobepm Zeit Aanen MuxporpyGouxn — 970 Konmonent wurrockenera, nomepxuBarountl OPMY KNETKH Hl OpraNHayiou ce nenenne, Hossii MeTon cBeToBOM MHKPOCKONHH NOIBONHT BLIABET APYTy!O byHKUMIO MUKPOTpyGo¥eK — ywactue » wrTonviaaMariveckoM TpanienopTe Gcientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) Cambie crappie nynbcapb! = Axo6 Hleiuxe ‘rw HeoGEIMNELe MynBcapEI NpemcTABAAOT COGOH MAOTHBIE KOMMAKTHBIE 3BeIAM, BpAULAOUUIECs (CO cKOpOcTBIO HecKOMBKO coTeH OopoTOB B cexyHay. TloueMy OHM BpauiaioTcs TaK ObicTpo? TlonaraioT, NTO B XONe 9BOOUHH OHH «IOTAcasOT, HO 3ATEM BOIPOAVTAIOTER MOM, BOSNIEHCTEMEM AKKPENNH BELLIECTEA (Gcientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) TeHeTuueckan peKoMOnHaya — @panxaun ¥.Cmany Bocnpornineneno opraninaa waco npentlecTayeT nepeTacoBKa ero reneTHUecKOH uGopNalIIH. Xpo- MOcOMbI OOMeHHBaIOTCa APT C APyTOM yuacTKAaMM B NpoUecce pexoMOuHaLuMH, cHO*HBIM MOsEKyASpHEL [Mexasn3M KOTOpOMI MBI HANHHGEM NOKMATS Gcientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) Bannuctuueckne onekTpoHbt 8 NonynPOBOAHMKaX —Mopdexaii Xai6iaym, Zecmep ®. Hemwer TipxGops1, » KoTOpBIx aneKTpHECKMt TOK COMIaeTCA ADIDKEHHEM IrIeXTPOHOB, He NpeTepneBarouNx pac- Ccenitia, B NPHKIIN ROMKHEI OGranaTS ropaino Goree BLICOKHIM GBICTPOMEMCTBHIEM, HEM CYULECTBYKOUIME ‘Tunas npuGopos. Crpyktypst TaKoro pona nossonmoT Gonee ry6OKO WAYSITE KRAHTOBOMEXAHHYECKHE cnolictsa snextponos (Scientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) KyTbI MW Mop»kH — naxapw MopCcKOrO AHA —K. Xanc Hesocon, Kupk P. Lxconcon B pesynbrare Toro, TO cepble KUTI H THXOOKEAHCKHE MOP>KH COBMpAIOT MI CO Aa, B CeBEpO- BOCTOMHOR 4acTH BepHHtrosa MOPA BOSHHKAIOT AMBI H GopOsbI B TAKOM KOANNECTBE, ¥TO 3TO He Yeryra- €T HapyMeMHAM, BAIIBANHDIM reOsTOTHMECKHINH MpoeccaMH Gcientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) DKeHUIMHbI B HayKe — aeonaman P. Koya, Mappuem Liykepman Kenuunses, sannMaroutmect HecTeNOBATETECKOH NERTEMBHOCTEIO, NYGIHKYIOT MeHlIe HayMHMBIX cTaTetl, ent MyACUILL. JaMyDRECTBO Ht CenellHBLe OGANNOCTH, KAK NPABINIO, He OBEACHAIOT 97O paamHe: 32- My KHHE EHUB, HMCIOULE NeTeM, NYGTHKYKOTER TAK Xe YACTO, KAK H ONMHOKHE ‘EMULE! (Scientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) KomnbioTep B pon My3bIKANbHOTO MHCTPyMeHTA — MM. B. Mammoos, Ze. P. Mupe Hoctatouio KoMMbIOTepy cTevlepHPOBATS ONpeNeMeHHYIO NOcesIOBATENBHOCTS WCE, NTO NpOHIBECTH mo6ofi 3Byk, B TOM “Cre H TaKOM, KaKOrO cule HUKTO He cnbiUaN. Bnaronapa umMpoKomy cnekTpy Bo3- Moxnoctet uipovof cHNTeD aByKa Yoke Hauer CBOE MECTO B MY3bIKE (Scientific American, February 1987, Vol. 256, No. 2) 06 astopax Haya 4 o6wecTB0 SaHuMarenbHbii KOMMBIOTep Hayka Boxpyr Hac Kyun 50 v 100 net Hasaq 1 BuOnuorpachuaSCIENTIFIC Ha o6noxkKe AMERICAN Harry Myers PUBLISHER Jonathan Piel EDITOR BOARD OF EDITORS Philip Morrison ‘Armand Schwab, Jr ‘Timothy Appenzeller “Jon MBenditt David L.Cooke, Jr. ronog BCUWA aAnW.eeaters HsoGparcenas ta oGno%kKe cuetia — GpAFMcHT KapTHM ANEPIKAHCKOTO Xy0%- Gregory R. Greenwell vuura P. Corvin «Bar B-Qn, Hamtcannon 9 1978 ., — noraseinaet T) cOulabHMIO John Horgan: ‘CPeay, MPeacTaBHTeAM KOTOPOR cocrasamoT B CIA apmuw romomaioulmx, HacaH- Robert Kunzig, James T. Rogers Ra Re ener ToiBaIoUy10 20 MuIHL, seTODeK Bcex pac HE PasIMNMEIX perHOHOB CrpaHbi (CM. CTATHO Zox. JL. Bpayna «Ponon » CIA» xa c. 4). OcrpoconmansHbie Kapruntet Forsait, Kak ‘Samuel L. Howard Hpanii70, wOGpaxaioT GenuAKOR 3 cenbeKHIX H FOPOACKHX palloHOD, BnaNAaN ‘ART DIRECTOR 2xWOHb B MuUIeTe 4 roxoae. Een ronomOM cuHTare xporecku edu HET Richard Sasso TeNbIIBIX BEUICCTB, HEOBKOILIMBIX ZUM HOPMANIBHOTO POCTA H NOMED:KAMIR ¥701 DIREGIONDRERODMGTION sleTBOpHTeMBHOTO COCTORHUE 3710POBLA, TO B CLIIA rononaer oKon10 9% nacenewtin. Georg Dieter von Holtzbrinck Gerard Piel © 1987 by Sciemific American, Ine Towapust suax Scientific American, ero Texct w pnronoe oGopsinemte Ynmoctpaynn stunworex ucxsioalrenbsioN cobcTBeHHIOcTBI0 Scientific American, Ine OBNOXKA: Robert G. Gwathmey, ¢ sioGeatioro paapeulenus Terry Dintenfass, Inc. NW ncnomta0naHts aech B cOoTBETCT BIN eC HRniepiiae Teacrbopeer CTP. ABTOP/MCTONHMK CTP. ABTOPIMCTONHK OTP. ABTOP/MCTOUHK 4 Jim Kelly Francisco (esepxy); C-Hans B MHPE 79 Johnny Johnson 32 Andrew Christie Neon ony 61 William K.Sacco HAYKH eos ees THAGHH PERARTOF Survey University School 9870 Jerome Kull C.7. Kannya 18 Jeffrey L. Travis, of Medicine 73 David Rentas pee g.lieneneoa Asse Collate Goay cneady. 74:76 Gabor Kiss Mayunbie PEAAKTOPH NonDleta sca Fred Hutchinson 78 James Kilkelly 3.£.Komanosa 0.K-Kyapasos Tutter, Dieter anes T.A.Pymanyesa A.M.CMoTpoB G.Weiss, Gan Gay 79 Gabor Kiss ‘ALlO. Kpacronesyes Technical nt: AMTEPATYPHME PEDAKTOPH University of enpasa) 83 Quesada/Burke Tionosa Munich 3540 Andrew Christie 84-86 Michael Goodman M.B.Cyponosa XYROXECTRENMBIA PEAAKTOF 47 Alan D. Iselin 44 Michael 89.93 Carter Bays, ‘C.A.Crynos. (coepxy); Dieter Rosenfield, Philip Moore, SABEMY ULAR PEDAKUHER Seitz-Tutter, Carmello Atiotta, University of VAL Opa KaneneuKan Dieter G. Weiss Gordon Wilson, South Carolina PYKOBOANTEMIL FFYTINM GOTOHAGOPA (enusy) IBM Thomas C.AsMMoS J. Watson TEXHIMECKIA PEAAKTOP bade a Research Center ‘air cypwans utter, Dieter Bahra G.Weiss 4652 George V. Kelvin, HA Basunooa 49 Alan D. Iselin ice Graphics OOOPAIENMEOBIORKM PYCCKOFOHIAAHA (eaepxy); George 9657 Peter Ott MT KYKOB M.Langford, wPHeToRMe PAsoTs University of 58 Andrew Tomko SEE ene. North Carolina (eoepxy), Hank unit School of Iken (exu3y) taeet Mocxea, Gay Medicine (enuzy) gazes sheldon Well, 60 Lary Matin, © nepevoa na pyccKuit s3biK University of LGL Ecological wobopsinene, «Map», 1987 California at San Associates, Inc.O6 abmopax J. Larry Brown (JUx. Slappa Bpayn «Conon 8 CIA») — npenosanaremb 8 Ilkone supanooxpanenus nput Papsapa- KOM ynMBepHTeTE H MCTIOUETE TEI MpeKTOP yuBepcHtTeTcKOH mporpaM- bi YmysuseNtis 3T0POBLA HacemenHA, a ‘TaKKe Mpesicenarent cneUMaTbHOH KO- ‘MulccHH epavell no RONpOCaM romOZa B CUIA npu Papsapackom yuuseperrere. Hayunsif unrepec x romoay Kak coun anbHOMY aBzteMIHO B crpae Bpayn Ha- 4a npossutsre » 1966 r., Koraa «Kop- yc Mupay npHasieK cro K HsyUeHIO TOM npoGenbi B MupoBOM MacuITabe W Komanponat p Hiuawio. To nosepa- tenn p CIA p 1968 r. Bpayn aun ‘Twa nuccepraumo B Yuutwepewrere Bpannefica, nonyaus crenent HoKTopa iutocogum B oGnactH comanbHOfi Mo- suetwgu. B 1971 r. on nepeusest Ha paGo- ‘Ty B jenapraMeHt smpasooxpancnna urr. Maccayycere. B 1976 r. Bpayx Gb waanaNeH TpaRHTeMcTROM. Ha NOx HOcTe pykonoanTess npockTos «Kop- nyca Mupay. B Tappapackom ynupep- currere paGoraer ¢ 1978 r. Robert Day Allen (POBEPT JIEMI AJI- JIEH «MuxporpyGouxa — siyrpixne TounbiM| MoTop»). Ito samevarene- ott necnenonarem yMep 8 MapTe 1986 r. or paxa. Tly6nuxauus ero craton noaroronnena JI. Beliccom 1:3 ‘Texnuteckoro yauwepewtrera B Miowxe- ne. Anne nonyana crenes 20KTopa unocopun » 1953 r. w MencwwAK- ‘CKOM ynitBepeuTeTe, NOcme ero Kak rYT- reiixeliMoncxit crimnenanar paGoran » Mlpewin, B 1956 r. cran npenoaanart 8 Minutraiickom yunoepetrrere, a vepe3 4 roa nepeuten 8 FIprncrouceit yxpep- comer. B 1966 r. vosrnamiin xaeapy Guonormn “Yauwepcwrera urr. Hiio- Hopx » On6ann. C 1974 r. npobeccop Suonorun a JlaprmyrcKom Kosutesxe. Tlepuoaveck nem ueenenonamia » Jla- Goparopun GuoxorM mopa 8 Byac- Xone. Jacob Shaham (S1KOB WEVIXEM «Ca- bie cTapble nyecapbt») mpstexart B Ko- aysOuficknti ynunepewrer w 1982 r. 13 Vopanaa xax ctanenanat Gouna pnec- ra Kemnroua Aaamca. B 1984 r. can mpodeccopom usin H npHieTynit K paGore » aaGopaTopmn acrpodusiiKs. Crenenn Gaxanaspa (1963 r.), MaricT- pa (1965 r.) aoxropa dunocodun (1971 r.) noayana » Espeticxom yxmsep- airrere. Mocne nomyyensia A0KTOpCKOT TeneHH HaxosiUcs TpH Toma Ha CTAXKH- pouke a Hannnoficekon ynusepeirrere 8 ‘SpGana-Llamnefin, a sarem B TeveuHe 12 ner paGorax » Enpefickom yuupepew- ‘Tete 6 Hepycamime. Ochosnan oGnacrb ayantix mirrepecos Mlefixema — dursn- ka neffrponnbix sbe5 M seputax ABIp. Franklin W. Stahl (®PAHKIIMH Y. CTAJIb «Teneritaeckan pexomOnna- lun») — npodbeccop Guonoriu » ucts “Tyre MosiexynapHoli Sonor Operon ckoro yuitsepcuTera. Crenent Gaxaan- pa nionyunit 8 Tapsapackom xonteaxe 8 1951 r., cTenent 2oKTopa duocodHK B Pouectepexom ynumepcntete B 1956 r. Heckonexo ner paotan 8 Kanndop- HuICKOM TEXHOMIOTHYECKOM HHCTHTYTE, 1958 r, nepewen » Yunpepewtrer ur. Muceypn. C 1959 r. corpymink Operon: ‘koro yrnvepcnTera. B kavecrBe mpHi- Tamennoro mpodeccopa, a TaKxe B BOM FORHUHBIE OTNYEKA AMIN HayHHOF paGorbt pest HccnenoRAHKA H mIpenosa- az 8 JlaGoparopin Conera Meamuni- cnx ncemestopanntt BennkoOpirrant, 8 Expetickom ynntsepcutere B epycarit- Me Wp Mexaywapoauoit za6oparoprt FeveTHkn 1 GHodysnKn 8 Heanone. Mordehai Heiblum, Lester F. Eastman (MOPJIEXAM XAMIBJIYM, JIECTEP . ACTMEH «Banmcraseckne anek- ‘TpoHs! B nonynpononHukaxn) neTpeTH sce B 1985 r., Korma MetMen cram aie- ratHbim corpyanuKoM Hecsenona- Tenecxoro uewTpa um. T. Yorcoua ‘cbupwisi IBM, rae XafiGaym paGoran c 1978 r. XaiiGnym ponies B Mapaune, w 1973 r. noayaiia crenent Gaxanaspa B Wspanicxom Texnosornseckom n= crmryte, a 1974 r, —Maruerpa B Yat epeirere Kapneru — Meiiona. Mosy- une crenenb 0KTOpa dutocopHK BKa- aopxuiicxom yaunepewrere w Bepxstt 8 1978 r., om Hawan paGorars B dupe IBM. XaiiGnym, Kax on cam rowopuT, HlocesitiaeT Moro BpeMeHH CBOHIM Hayy DIM MccmeOBAHHAN, KOTOPEIE B Ha- CTORULIce BpeMs B OCHOBHOM cocpes1oTO- ‘sent Ha npoOsteme nepenoca Gammnerst- wueckitx anexTponos. HerMeH nosysit crenenb aoKTopa dinocopun_B Kop- HencKOM ynuBepcuTeTe B 1957 r. Hc ‘Tex nop npenonaer Ma svleKTpoTexiiMe KOM akyu1bTeTe 3TOrO yHHIRepCHTeTA. B 310M 2xe yunsepentere OM nomyuiut crenent 6axananpa (1953 r.) H crenens Maruetpa (1955 r.). Tlomumo pa6orsi 8 Qupme IBM, on Obi sHeurraTanin co- ‘Tpyanuxom dupwist RCA Laboratories 8 Tipunctone JlaGoparopun wm. JT KouibHa mpit MaccauyceTcKom TexHono- rivecxom unetutyre. Here Take PYKOBOANT BbINOMHeHHeM «KoNIeKc- ofl nporpammt Hccmienonannil » oGna- Tut aneKTpoHHKH» » KopnencKoM yHit BepeitTere, COCTaBeNHOM MN 2. C. Hans Nelson, Kirk R. Johnson (K._XAHC HEJIBCOH, —KMPK P. IDKOHCOH «Kirrei 1 Mops — na- api ssopckoro sia»). TIpoGaieMott, xo- ‘Topol nocBaulewa Cratos, ITH HecsIenO- BATENM 3aHUMALOTEs TIOMIIMO cBOET OC- 3 yoDHON Hay¥Nof aesTemocTH. Hes cou — cotpyanux Teonormueckon cenyxx6e1 CIA (c 1967 r.); 8 nacTommec pena om B KavecTBe MOpcKOTO reonlora pHMuMaeT y¥acTHe B OuHaHCHPYEMON MMNCTEPCTROM —MHOCTPAHHBIX. es MEXAMEWUINANApHOM —HiccTeAOBAMHL NOWTHeHTambMBIX OKpaMtt ATHANTHNE- ‘cKOFO oxeana Ht CpeaitaemHoro MODS ¥ Geperon Menanun. Crenens Gaxananpa nonyaust 1959 r. » Kapsrrox-xonnenxe (Hopréuaa, urr. Minmecora), marner- pa — 6 1962 r. 8 MunuecoreKom.yits- epentTere, oKTOpa dusTOco*i B O6- acta oxeaiorpagun — B 1968 r. Yunwepowrere usr. Operou. Kax mpst- Taamiensbil npodeccop Hemscon co- ‘Tpyaunvaet 8 Bapcenoucrom, YTpext- ‘cxom 11 Cranbopaicxom yuninepenTerax. Abxoncor nonysitn crenent Sakastanpa 8 ‘AnaxepeTeKom Konmnesnxe (ur. Maccasy- cere). B 1982r. eran pa6orar» » Teono- ivecKoH cmyK6e, Tue H NOSHAKOMILTCR ¢ Hentconow. B 1985 r. 5 Tencnboan- KOM yunepcHTeTe emy Osina MpHcDOe- wa creme Marierpa. Bwactostiee pena rorosntTem x sauuuTe avccepra- ‘uit na concKaniHe cTenenn 2oKTOpa Git- nocogpnt n o6acTH reonorsnt naneo- Goranuxu 9 Flemscxom ynuneperrtete. Jonathan R. Cole, Harriet Zuckerman (2KOHATAH P. KOYJ1, TAPPHET LYKEPMAH «Kents 8 wayke») — Hpurnawennbie yuenbie B opranssaum Russell Sage Foundation. Ocnonnoe me- cro paGorsi — daxyssTer couHororuit KonymGufickoro yuniwepewrera. Mec:ne- aoRaie pasneutli B HaysHoh npoayK- ‘THBHOCTH Myac4HH Ht 2KCHUH, MPOBO- NIMOe HMI B HACTORUICe BpeNs, PO- TOKACT Hx NPEAHIOI pAGOTy MO H5y- NeHIIO CHCTeMBI ONsIaTbI Tpyma Hays bix paGoTuuxos. Koyn noaysun crene- 1 Gaxasianpa (1964 Fr.) 2oKTopa dH aocopust (1969 r.) B KonysGulickom yuuinepewrete. Tocne xroro pa6oran Ma Gakymbrere counosornn, KpoMe ‘Tpex ster (¢ 1973 no 1975 r.), # Tevenne KOTOPEIX 3anHMaT HOMKHOCTE npodec~ copa » Konneaxe Bapyapaa Konym- Guiicxoro ysutwepentera. On TaxxKe py- xopoair Llerrpom coumanbutix nayk KoaymGutickoro yuusepeirrera. Llyxep- Mai MHOTO JIeT aHMIMAeTCR HayNeHHeN caaaH Mey COUMATBHON CTPYKTYPOH B HayKe # ee npoaykTHBHOCTEIO. Ova sn sIgeTCR ABTOPOM MHOTUX KHME H CTaTeit, 1980 r. Gbina crunenanatom Gouna Tyrrenxeiima. Crenens Gaxananpa uc- kyceT ona nonyuwna a Konaemxe Bac- capa 8 1958r.,aaoKropa ditocodun B KonymOufickom yrusepcuete & 1965 r. Wc Tex nop paGoraer B 970M yHHBep- curere. Max (MAKC V. Mathews, John B. M3TTBIO3, R. Pierce IDKOH (nponommenue em. Hac. 111)PA3ATOUHDIV NYHKT 8 onHon m3 YepKeen Huio-Hopka — sncna ronoga‘ux, o6ycnoBneHHbIM coKpau\ pegcre xapakTepHbin ana CWA npumep Toro, Kak WacTHble 6naroTEo- oynanekble nporpammbl B RaHHOM NyHKTe GecnnaTy PATERBHbIE OpraHWZAYHH MbITAIOTCA CPABHTECA C POCTOM NyYaIOT NMWly 275 yenoBeK 8 HeAeNKToli6aB CIA Benegcteve cokpaujeHua qbegepanbHbix pacxofoB Ha COUMAaNbHbIe HYKAbI FoNog, @akTHyecKu UCYesHyBLIN 8 CTpane B 70-€ rofbi, BHOBb CTan yAenom MHOrux aMepuKaHyes. flo HekoTopbim oyeHKam B CLUA ronogatoT 12 mnu. 4eTev uv 8 mau. B3pocnbIx OTA oGuienpunaToro onpenene- HM TlONATUR «ronONy Me cy- -cTByeT, B MenMINHe rostOsia- JOUIHIM caltTaeTes TOT, XTO xPoHMWecKH nefoenaer, T.€. He Mlony¥aeT HeOGxo- AMMoTO MurTaNHA na pocra H nomep- XAG HOPMAsIBHOTO COCTORHIA 30- Posts. CKonbKO 2e aMepuKaHttes FOO aor, ect HeXOANTS 14 ITOTO OMpene- aenna? Craructuxa mopasirensia — IZ Mon. aereit w 8 mai. Bapocmbsx Ha ‘oxon0 9% Hacenea crpansi, JT HeMMOTWe 11 HX HeNOeNAIOT BeneTeT- bie coGcrseHHoro HewexkecTBa wit Ge3- Pasiuni x KUSH. Bombumncrso %Ke ABAMIOTCA KepTBANU cyutecTByIOMLeTO 3KOHOMMNECKOTO HOpEIKa, MPH KOTO- POM JKISHEHHBIA yPOBEHE MHOTHX ceMett WaxonuTea MiKe Nopora GenMocTH, a cucTesa coumamsHoro BcnoMoMtecTBO- BAHN TAKOBA, ¥TO Me MpenocrannaeT HM OcTaTOXHOM TIOMOUL Mponus cirryamm cocrour 8 Tom, ro 06 oxarumuiem Gonbulyio rpynny Haceneuus ronoae cTano WsBecTHO TPH pecaTuneTHs Havan, H4rO B PesymBraTe npmiiareix 8 60-¢ 0 70-¢ root mpapi- TenbeTBeHNLIX Mep TonoA daxTHuecKH Guin suxeusnpowan. Tporpanma nto Gecneenmo —ronoaaiomiHX —mpos0- BONBCTBCHHKINH TaTONANM Giza pac ulmpenia 1 oxpatimia 20 xumn. sienoBex. Buu yraepoxientt mporpanMes, Wa- TpaRaeHubie Ha TO, YTOGM HaKOpMHTE ‘oanHoxix npectapesiix mozell. Yeenn- MUI cpesicTBa, BELTENseMBIE Ha 3a- BTpakn W OGeRbI ALIA WIKONBHIKOB, © Ten 4TOGE! ETH 19 GesMBIx cemeft 10- ay¥aH MHTaNNe, MOsBOMOMLeE HM yC~ neumHo yanrica. Onnonpemenno Geina punimra nporpamnta, mpeyemarpHBas- ula ONOAHINTeNBHOE MHETAHHE KOH cymwrauiu no Bonpocam rmrranus sin Gepementinix aKeMUUNH H MarTepelt C HHS KilM OXOOM, a TaKxke OGecmeyeHHe Mit ‘TaHHeM ux MasioneTHMX aeTefl. Hawuian ¢ 1981 r. aasuuerpauns npesuienta Peliraia npuctymina x CBEPTHIBAHHIO 1 HSMEHEHIIO BCCX THX nporpamm. K 1982 r. oscentecTHo cTa- {1M HOABIATECA MpUsHAKH HacTynaIOUIe~ ro ronona. Bee Gonbuee wieno moaeft, OK. NAPPU BPAYH oGpaurasuinxes B epKBM H yepexxrenn coumabnoro BenomoulecTBOBAHIE, %Ka- OpaIick, 4To ON HenOeAaIOT. BpaNs 8 HeKOTOPHIX perHonAX cTpatibl Hawai Bce Wallle cAMIATS OT CBONX fanMeN- Tos, 4To Te TonOnAOT, H OGHapy>«H- Bark Gonesiit, cBasaMHble ¢ HeqOena- MieM, Take Kak Masloxpose, TyGep- xyes, 3aMeameHusifl pocT y neTeft u ‘ocreonopos (nopuctocts KocTeli) y B3pocitbix. Tlosauee » tom 2Ke roay noxauaca eppbifi 13 We10ro pata MOKMAOB, B KO- TopoM Gbila ava xKomuwecTBeHNaR ouenika ronona a CUA. C oxta6pa 1982 r. no Mapr 1986 r. 6tin0 nponene- Ho 20 ucceaoBannil B MacurraGax Bceit eTpaHet No ayseHO NpoGreME FOO na, Vecnenovanna mposoaun taxne opranmaaustn Kax Kondepentit Mapos CWA, Haunowansmit cover nepxpett, MMHCTepCTHO ceaBcKOrO AOSAHICTBA, & ‘TaKXE PYKOBONMMaN ABTOPOM cheu- anbHas KoMuccHA Bpavef no BonpocaM ronona 6 CIA npu TapsapacKoft wxo- sie sapaBooxpanenus. Pesymbrarb1 Beex lccnienoBamufl cBHaeTenLeTBOBAAM, 4TO ronoa CLA BHopt cram cepbesHoi Ha- uMowaabHoA npoGreNoft. Tloxaxarenbisimn sBamoreR sax Hie, nonysenupe Kondepenunett Mo Pos, KoTopas B Konute 1984 r. oGeneno- bamia xpymibte H MesIKHMe Foposta € Hes1BIO onpeaenuTs, Kak BauseT Hl BmseT TH pooGute OTMeYaeNoe osoponnenne SKOHOMMKH 1a TOsTOAeHHe GeaHeix. TO- wri 75% MynnuinantreTos cooGuIAH, ¥ro B 1984 r. HeoGxoaUMOcTE B OKAsa- Mint HeMenmenHOR nponoBonEcTBEHHOM nomoum GenusKam Bospocna. Usicno nyNKTOB mirraHux (BKMOWaN GecnmaT- ble CTONOBMIE H MyHKTS PaasayH MpO- SLOBONBCTBCHHBIX TORApOH) yBeTHUN- Oc ¥a Fon Wa 15%. OSulee KosIMNECTBO BeIAANHIX GeermaTHeIX MopuMt MUL Boxpocno Ha $0%% mo cpapnenmio ¢ 1983 r. B wexoropsix kpymibix ropomax 3TOT MoKasaTem BMpoC eMle Gombe Ha 200% B Bocroue, na 182% » YuKaro Ha 100% B Jlanace. B uos6pe 1984 r. Llewtp 110 npoGne- Mam oGectteweHua mpoaosombcrsHen oGcnenonar 300 nporpamM no oKa3a- Nuto 4pesBbt¥afiHoft romowM romoAaI0- LIM H yeTaHOBIL, 4TO B 65% cayvaes Guino saguxcupoBano ynenuwenHe B Te- enue roma uuicna romonaiouLNx cemelt, Hy-KAQBUIIXCA B AOMOAMNTeRbKOM TH ‘Tan. Ynez10 cenell, nomywapuux Gec- naarHoe nMTaHie, yBemMuTOCe Ha 20%. C Gombumicrsa pasaarounix nyHkTos cooGuramm, «ro Gonee nomoBH- Hot OGcaysxBaeNtBIX HMM FOmOAIOUINX COCTABAAIOT CeMbit ¢ eTBM. To aannsim cremmansHoft Konuccnm spaveft w 1985 r. 6 cTpale HacunTEiBa- lock 20 Mun. rononaroumx. Xors sai Mprt Ha Gonce nosaMnit nepuon Her, MMeIOTeH cBHMeTembeTBa Toro, 4TO mpoGiema ronoaa » CUA craaa cue ocrpee. J15 JHOLEM onpenerenuoit rpynmet onon spear OcoGeHHO cepresitst- Mu flocaenersuamu. Bepemenubie >xeH- LMHBI H JIeTH, € OAKOM cTOpoH, H pe cTapenbie — c Apyroft, no-3uMOMy, B nanGombuelt crenenn cTpanaioT OT He- HonHouenHoro mirranua. Henoenanne 8 moGoM BospacTe MOET MPHBECTH K OC- sraGneHiuo opraniaMa u anarau. Oxo MOXeT OciaGHTb Je#TeMBHOCT HMMYH- HoH cuCTeMBI, CHIIHT conpoTHBase- MOCTh K PARINUHDIM HHKeKIOHHBIM saGonewanumm. OrcyTerBHe B paiutowe HeKOTOPHIX KOMMOHEHTOR MpHBOAMT x apwraMunoay, yxyMularoulemy cocTos- Me Bcero opraniswa. DnrensHoe CHAbHOe HemoenaHNe MOXET TIpsAMO HTH KocBe!no mpitmecTH x cMepTH. Zina GepeMennoll xeHuINIE! KaNeCTBO WM KomMecTBO NOTpeSrMeMOMt e10 MHL ABnaOTCs GakTOPOM, OMpesensIOUN snioposee ee pebertka. Ec Bo Bpesta Ge- PeMeHHocTH xkemulua He MOny¥aeT M10- AMOMEHHOTO MutTaHtH, ce 3L0POBEI yrpoxaet He onvta onacocTs. Iepsan 13 HX — 970 anieNuis, cBMAeTeMbCTBY- soulay 0 HenocTaTKe B OpraHHaMe KerIe- a, MOTPeGHOCTR B KOTOPOM BO BEM Gepemennoct Bospactaer. pyran — TOKCeMMA, BHIPaKalOUlANcA KOMMZeK- COM cCHMNTOMOB, BKMOWaA TOBbILeH- HOe AaBTeHNe KPOBH H OTeMHOCTH TKa-WWW.SCIAM-MA AZIN B MMPE HAYKM\- 1987/4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE A FOOD COUPON ae Fi i OTSSBSSEC — GnePINDLE iN MPOAOBONECTBEHHBIE TANOHb! sbinycKaiorcn mHnCTepCTBOM CenBCKOrO xO snncTea CUIA 8 Yenax OKasaHH NOMOM Hy>KAAOMMMCA. TANOH! NPHHKMAIOTCR 8 APOROBONECTBeHHEIX MarashHax. B pesynbTaTe HEAaBHO NPMHATEIX HsMEHEHUA B OpRAKE BbIAAYN TANOHOB Mi CeAYAC NoNbsyIOTCA TONSKO 19 MNH. aMepUKAHYES, xOTA OepHbix HaCUMTbIBAeTCA 33,4 MnH. BcpezHEN CTOMMOCTe NPOAYKTOR, nonyuae- Mbix Ha TanoHbi 8 paceTe Ha ORME NpMeM nnuM pasha 49 YeHTaM. ell, Buistipaentute ypesMepHonl sam1eprK- ofl axmaxoctH 8 opranitaMe, — pacnpo- Crpanenueift m cepyestein Meayr, onac- vill ana GepeMennix; pesynbTaTEi He- ‘AaBHNX MecnenOBaHuil 2aI0T OcHoBaHHE HOMaFaTb, HO TOKCEMMH MOXET BOSH KaTb b peayabrare HenoaNoUeHHOrO MK Tanus (OcoGeHHO BeneACTBNE HexBaTKH Genxos). Paspusaroumtica 8 yrpo6e nino Tpe- Gyer amerst, Goratoit surasouasu, Genkamm 4 opranuyeckiimi BewiecTBa- Mil, HEOGXOAHMBIMH Zi @opMEPOBA- ‘MM Tkanelt 1 Opraos aMGpuoHa. To- TOMY HenomMoUeHHOe nitrate MaTepHt MOXeT crate MpHMiHOH cnaGoro 3710- Posba peGenxa. He uckmoyenti puck peaaeupenenuinx ponow (Ha 37-M ne gene GepemenHocta sim paHbitic), a ‘Taxxe porkutenste peGenka c MambiM Be- com (Menee 2500 r). Heonourentsie ae- ‘TH picKy!oT MomyaNTe paccTpoficso ABINaTeNBHLIX OpraHon H HMMYHHYIO nemoctatounocts. HenonHouettioe 1t- ‘Tanie MaTepm (aaxke Mput OMHOM cpoKe GepeMennocr) Moxer crarb mpirustHoit Taxitx saGonesani peGenka, KaK riu10- TMIKeMua (HenocTaTOK caxapa B KPOBH), FumoKasbuemus (Hen0cTaTOK KarTBUI B KPoBH), HlonMUMTeMIs (126BITOK reMo- Tm06HHa B xposti), a Ta‘oKe oTcTaBaHNe 8 pocre « pasoTan. Boxes, yrpoxaioume ocsiaGnen- HbIM HOBOPOAMEHHBIM, MOBBIUIAIOT Be- PoaTHocTe cMepTu peGenxa B MsianeH- weckom Bospacre. Haxke B TeX ciyuanx, Ora Ha TOMOULb MpHSBIBAIOT CHO ble MH AOporocTomue Merome 1 cpestersa, PeGenox, POAMBUIMICK ¢ Be- ‘COM Menbille HOPMamBHOTO, HMeeT B40 as Gonbuuie waNcoB yMepers, He npo- AxMB H roaa. HiGsKHH Bec HOBOPOXIIEH- Horo — nloxasaTenb, xapaxTepébilt 1% Gostee nosopme Bcex cnyuaes eTcKOM eMepruocti 11a 75% aerelt, yauparo- ‘MIX B BospacTe 10 OAHOTO Mecata. Tlotenunansinie onacuocr, yrpo- akaioutte GepemenHofl enuutHe Hee Gy- ayulemy peGenky scrtencrene Henoea- Mu, MOryT Obit ycrpavleHbt, ecm B re puion GepementocTu xxenuuma GyneT nonywars OnomMTTeNHOe niTaHHe. Bo spems sropoii suponoit ofiusi, Kor- ga nponosonkcTsia Ke xBaramo, » Be- AuKoGpHTaHHN nOZaGOTHINCE O TOM, wTOGei Gepemenibie xeHUMNHDI nony4a- aM NOMMOUeHRYIO THUY, B perynbTare ero neTcKas cMeprHocr» nelicrewTes- Ho cHusunack. B TO xe BpeMs, HampHI- ep, 8 Jlenmurpane unm 8 Huaepnax- ax, rae Gepemenibie xKeMUINBA He 110- ayWaNM cneuManeHorO THTAHHS, cpen- Hult pec HoBopoxnenmuIx yrast, a AeT- (ckax CMePTHOCTS Bospocita.. Wcenenosanus, nposeneumbic cpas- HHTeNBHO HenaBHO, NOKAMIBAIOT, YTO ‘oGectrevenme Gepemeneix xeHLINIH 10- NOMMNTENbHBIM TKTAHHEM TOTOXKH- TenbHO CkAIBIBAeTCH Ha COCTORNII HX saioposss. Bio wayeHo, Kakoe Bm nue oxasasia Cneunaiisiat nporpamnta no oGecnevenito ononmNTesTBHBIM m- ‘TANHEM KEHULHH H MaLTONETHHX sleTel, KoTOpas Havasla NPOBORMTECK B AWG mpapiremucrBom 2 1972 r, Bocente 1c caeaonannil, mponeenunix c 1976 no 1986 r., oKasan, TO aaHHaR npo- TpamMa cnocoGerBonaria ymyslenitio snoposba Marepett n Gonee Gnaronpu- sTHOMY Mexoay GepemenniocTn. Byact- oct, 6ui0 yeranonneHto, vTo Ha 20% ‘iuiIOce wutesIO cayy4aes poxuteHNH se- ‘ell ¢ RECOM MeHbie HOpMambiHoro, YMEHBUINTOCE NHICNO MepTBopoxeH- MBIX M HedOHOWIEHABIX, coxpaTiUIace aleTcKas cMepTHocTs. PM KAKHX Gui yenonusx HH npo- HcNOAHUIO pasBHTHE peGeHKa B yT- pOGe i ero TORB:TeNHE Ha CBET, LAOPOBEE HOMOPOXKAeHHOTO HAXOAITEs Hos YrpO- soft, eciM OM He HlonyNaeT AOCTATOMHO- To mirranun. Yenoneveckitft Moar pasBit- BaeTca anGonee GuicTpo OT MoMeHTa sawaria 0 TpexteTHero Bospacra pe- Gerika, Ec m Tevene 9Toro cpoka op- FaHiOM We nonyNaeT AocTaTOMHOTO niK- TaHWs, GYHKUNOHATBHAR DeXTEBHOCTS Mosra Moxer ObITE Hapyusena. JIpyri- MIL HexXenaTeNbHRIMH MOCNeACTRURMH Moryr Gbirb saneameunetli pocr (oupe- enseMstit Kax PocT Hinke 5-ro MPouelt- ‘THO Jn saNHorO BOspacra 4 noma) H nexyaanie (xorma Bec Mettuue S-ro ripo- eH TILIA JN aHHOrO BospacTa st poC- a). Kpome Toro, rononaroume aer# OcoGeHHO YASBIMEI NO OTHOUIEHINO K BPEAHOMY BIIRHIIO CBNNLLA M ApYTIK puicyTereylouuix B oKpyxaioULell cpe- Me TOKCHUHBIX BeWIECTB, KOTOPEIE MO- TyT nlopaxart Moar u yeyry6naTe no- cnencTous Henoenanum as uitTenex- ‘TyaNBHOTO paseirTiR peGeuKa. Kax 1 8 10G0M sospacre, nenoema- hile 8 aercTbe MoxeT ocnaGitT® compo THBMAeMOCTS K mexumm. LleTAM, He Omyuaroums HopMasIbHOrO TIHTAHHA, C Gombuielt nepowTHocriio yrpoxalor Npocrysia, yuIMBIe H PasmIUHbte HiIgeK- unommbie saGonesanna. Takum oOpa- 30M, MaryGuoe witianHe HenoenaHiA Ha Passirrie peGenxa » aanbuefiiues Mo- 2KeT YoyFYOUTKCA TeM, 4TO OH sTMLIITTER BOIMODKHOCTH YMINFHCR B LIKONE H ake B KaKofl-ro Mepe sanuMaTbCH OObIMHOR TeaTenbHOCTsIO, xApakTepHOn 1A pe Genxa. Pesynbrarst nocaeanyx ccnetona- nit roBopaT 0 TOM, 470 dymKUNOHaIE- bie napytlenn y nerell MoryT BOM NYT scnencTBHe HenOeMAHIIN naKe B OTcyTeTBHE KAKHX-NGO JaMeTHBIX OT- xnonetit 8 ux dusnHecKom paseMTH. Heesenowaniia noxastisaior, ro eulie 20 TOTO, Kak NORBHTEH JIETKO NOMLIAKO- umeca Onpenexenio OTKIOHEHUR OF HOPMaMbHOTO PasBUTHA, H 0 TOTO, Kak Cray? HBHbIMH BBI3BAHMBIe HeMOEZLAN em Gomes, opranim peGenka MoxeT aganTuposaracw x Mony¥eHMIO HenoCTa- ‘ToMHOTO KomIMNeCTBA TIMULM TIYTeM CHI deel wtTeHIcHBHOCTH OBMeHA Be- uecte, MHbiMH cioBami, peGeHox MOXeT He OGWApYAHBATL HHKAKHX RB- bIX MpHBHaKOB YxyAWeHHA 320POBE H oe KE OKAIATECH MMIIEHHBIM BOIMOH- HOCTH ripHoGpeTaTe coumanbuealt onbrT H MloaHapaT® oxpyaaiouunit MuIp, TO HeoGxosMMO sUI8 ero paaBHTTH ‘Yepara dyaKunonanbinix crocoGHo- reli nemenctaue HenoenaHNa MoxeT BOIHUKHYTD TAKE Y MONOMBIX sOMeH moneit cpeiero Bospacta. Pesysyra- TOM MoxeT 6bITb Kak CHIEKEHHE POH? BoAMTeNbHOCTH Tpysa, Tak W Hapyuie- Hire counamieix oynKunil. Kpone ro-To, Mw HenoesaHIM B9poemMbIe HErABH- cuMo OT sospacra 8 Gombuefl crentenn nomsepraioren mideximotuihin 3aG0re- Dannie mM HapyiuermaM oGwenta ve- teers. Heatoenanne 8 noxi10M Bospacte sipeparo cute Gone cepresininit 110- enencrensnat. B cTapocti pons mira- ug. coxpanentin 3n0poBEA M8 npeny- npexsiennn Gonesueft oco6eHHo varKwa. Tloxwabie mom acto nyanaioten 5 ‘rentianbwofi sueTe, nockomuxy MHOTHe 1 Mix erpanavor Taxunt sa60nesanA- at, xax rinepTouns u auaGer. Tpit 3- Gostenanw, cBxIANIIX ¢ PASTHMNHEIMIT siinaMM HenocTATOSHOcTH, yBemHsHBa- Tos noTPeGHOcTS oprainsMa Bonpene- ZeNWKIX nponyKTax; HanpiMep, 4TOGH! woGexare ocreonoposa, TpeGyerea no- suiuieMoe nloTpeGnenne xanauuts. B cn- ‘ny ompenenenubix yerosul y monel n0- ‘xWIOTO BOspacTa MOMeT HapyulaTecH uuiesapene nn yenoenne mu, TaK To OcoByio BAKHOCTE ANA MIX mpHOO- peraer pxiGop awersi, Ooraroft mrra- ‘TembitiMa peulecTean. B-TO xe BpeMa Bcuuny caoero nospacra 3TH momH 4acTO ‘Hew CocromWHH mHTaTBex OsDRHEIM O6- paso. Menbrrbisaesste crapitnanat ‘TpyaHlOcTH © XOKNeHHIEM 3a NponyKTa- Mi, MPHFOTOBTENHEN MMB H Nepexe- [BHBAKNEM HeKOTOPEIX MPOAYKTOB, CH= 2xene OGterO TOHyca, MBs 3BAHHOe Ot HOMECTBOM Ht BOSHHKAIOUN BC:TenCT- sue 3TOro HlonaBeNHIM COCTORHHEM— nce 9TO MeWEET HOpMamBHOMY mitra illo B nOxNUIOM nospacre. ‘TOM nepeane nocneaerautt Hen0- ‘enanua ero Baste Ha 3n0poRbe BeTeit neoGxoaNMo paccmoTpeTs Gosiee nonpo6uo. Ilerckax cMepTHocTs 3 crpane (Bhipaxaeman wuc:IOM neTei, YMepuINX Ha TepsoM romy 2«W3HI, Ha 1000 axnsopoxxacnne:x) aBaKeTcA OGue- pHHATBIN OKasaTesIEM, NO KOTOPOMY ‘MOXKHO CYAIET® 0 COCTORHUM 31OPOBLR suonelt 8 saxoM oGumecrBe. Ecs1n nos XOmHT® ¢ 9TOM MepKo!, To B CUA nena OGcTORT xy:Ke, eM B APYTHX NPONbIII- IeHHO pasewrrbix crpanax. TTo ypoBiio mercKolt cMepTHocTH, panKoMy 11,2, crpana samunaer 18-¢ MecTo B Mupe. Anon, Ulveutx 1 BemuxoSpirranis mensrea cpeaut Gnaronomysnbix B:3TOM orwomenun expan; Henasua n Pouxour ‘Taxxe cron Brepeamt CIA. 3a 370i umbpoit cKppipaetcs HeomH- HaKoBocTs lonoxeNHa — paamHMIX rpynn nacenewun CIA. Cpean neGeno- FO MaceneHHa BepoxTHOCTL cMeprHt pe- Getnka a nepsom roay 2kHBHAETIPHMEPHO ‘BaBoe Hie, tem cpemt Gemix. B 10- name «AMepmxancxne eTH BHULICTe>, cocranmeniiom 6 1984 r. @onnom sau ‘Tu ere, rosopusocs: «/lerexas cMepTHOCTs cpemm HeGenoro HaceneHHR ‘BMameh crommue Bee, Hem Ha KyGe H ‘Sinaiixe — ctpanax, snaurenb4o Go- WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE NAROD.F FOnoA B CUA 0 3 = , § g & S = 1) o 1380) 1961 1982, YVICNO NIOPEN, umerouux npaso nony¥aTs npogoBonecTEeHHbIe TanoM! 1983) 1984 1985; I YMeHo= WMnoce no OTHOWEHHIO K OOWeMy “Achy GeAHEIx c 1960 r. (8 1985 r. OcbMYMaNbHbIA yposeH 6enHocTu CooTseTcTeonan Aoxony 10.989 Aon. 8 ron Ha CeMbIO M3 YeTb ex wenosen). Ha quarpaue noKasaHo MaMeHeHMe YMiCna mionen, KUBYINMAX B OORHO- 1H (yaeTHbIe CToNOYe!) M NONSyOUWAXCA NPOROBONLCTBEHHLIMH TANOHAMH 8 al kax cooTeeTcTeyioMen beqepamsHon nporpaMmel (cepbie crondys).. ee Genwuix, vem wawa. 3a undpann, xaparepinyiouniMH TOT IK HKOI urrat Bueno, He BHiaHa ropasao Gosee cepbesiias npoGiiema neTcKOR cMepTHO- TH, MPHCYULAS HEKOTOPKIM FOPOCKHM xeapranam. HanpuMep, ae nepenicit Hacenenna, nposeaenusie B Barrumope, Moxasasim, 4TO AeTCKax CMepTHOCTS B ropone coctasnner 59,5 Ha 1000 »x1B0- POAMNEHHRIX. ITO BEINN YPOBHA meTC~ koi cmepruoctit Kocra-Puxe, Taxa Me, Faitane 1 Tpunuaaze ToGaro no cocrommno a 1981 r. w Gonee eM BABOE MpesbiuiaeT cooTBeTeTByIOUIN noxasarenb B CosercKom Cowsen. Apyrott daxt, BersbiBarouuntt 03260- eHHocTs, 3aKmMovaeTca B TOM, TO B nawane 80-x rogos B11 wrarax m Ne- CKOMBKNX KPYNBIX ropomax meTCKaA emepriocre ¢baxtueckn Baipocma. Bec- NOKOMICTBO BbISbIBAET TO OGcTORTE:TE- TBO, 470 CHIDKEHHe ACTCKOM cMepTHO- crn B CIA B nen0M, BosMoxHO, BoBCE He o3HiavaeT, 470 eTH PoxksatOTeR 6O- nee anoposiimn. B CUIA cyuiectayer, noxkanyil, cama nepenopas mpaxTuKa BBIXAAHBAHH® HOBOPODKIICHUBIX, TOR MBUINXcR Ha CBeT HaMHOFO paNbule POKA HUH C HACTOABKO MHSKHM BeCOM, ‘NTO BOIMORHOCTS Wx cAMOCTORTEsIBHO- TO BADAWBANNS ucKmoyaerca. CoBpe- MeHHaa MequLNHa criacaeT OT eMepTHL OBOMILHO GOMBUIYIO 4acTb HENOHOUIeH- MBIX neTeMl; B pesymbrare McKaKaeTCH xaprutia nocnencTBHf, x KOTOPEIM MpH- BoAAT MenoemaHe M_ Menocrarounan ‘Oxpavia 30poBEA xkeHIIIH B MpenpOO- oft nepnoz. Zerexan cmeptuocts — 20 we eAMHCTBEHHOE ABITEHNE, KOTOPOE cBHLE- ‘Tenbersyer 06 ocnaGnenHom snopoBse 4M MenlonHoueHHoM mrrannn Gyayuinx Marepefl. CraTucTuveckue aHHbie 0 ‘CAyWARX POXKAEHIR AeTER ¢ BECOM HIDKE HOPMAsIBHOTO NOKASMBAIOT, YTO9TO KB~ meHie, KaK H eTCKaR CMepTHOCTb, He PasHoMepHo pacnpocrpaveHo pean Pasananbix rpynit wacenewia, Mecneno- Bane MPH, BAURIOUINX Ha s10POBKE aeTef, nposenennoe Yuusepeurerom wr, Cesepran Kaponuua, noxasano, NTO BepoATHOCTS PoxNeHNA neTeM C HNSKHM BECOM y YepHAIX aMepuKaHueE Bapoe Gombuie, vem y Genbix. B Hi10- Hope, rae craructuka Beca HOBOpOx- MeHHBIX BeneTeR NO OTMENEHEIM pallo- wa, Tapnem, wacenewsiit mpeuny- wecTBenHo wepHbiMi, B 1982 r. uMer cambili BhicoKHMt mpoutenT (16,3) HOBO- PODKILEHHBIX ¢ HHSKHM BecoM, a B Gora Tom pafione Wcr-Cafia, re rmapnbim 0Gpasom mpoxumaet Genoe cocTos- TenbHoe Hacerenue, 2ToT NponenT (5,4) nin HanMenbunnin. To naw Haupurexon roponc- oft Gombimut, nomyyenneim npn 06-8 B MMPE HAYKM- 1987/4 a a OTHOCHMTENSHOE YMCNO BEAHBIX, ONYYALOUIMX TANOHI HA NMTAHHE, % 1980 1881 1982 1983 1984 1985 YVICNO niopen, nonywasunx nPoROBONECTEEHHEIe TanoHD!, No OTHOWHH K OBIE My SMChy KHBYWMX HOKE YPOBHA GenHOCTH. OObeM CpeACTS, BLINeNREMbIX pas ‘TenbcTaOM Ha NPOrPAMMy MPOROBONECTSeHHbIX TanoHos, 3a 6 NET yMeHDUIANCA HA ‘7 wnpp. Aonn., a uNcnO nu, MMeoMWKXNDABO NONLIOBATHCA AaHHbIM BYAOM BCNOMO- wecTBoBanun, coKpatunoce. s z ‘OBBEM MPOAYKTOB, PACXOAYEMEIX HA BCrIOMOWECTBOBAHVE, MIH, OYHTOB: 2 1979 1980 1981 1962 1963 1984 1985, PACXO NPOAYKTOB MMTAHIIA Ha scnoMowecTsosanne SeAHbiM, ocyWecTenAe- ‘Mihi GaHKOBCKOM Kopnopaulien Second Harvest National Food Bank Network, ysent- Manca ¢ 25 MnK. cbyHTOB (1,1 MAH. Kr) 6 1979 r. 0 100 Mk. cbyHToR (45,4 Mink. Kr) B 1985 r., uro caupeTenboTayeT o NONbITKaK YaCTHBIx OnaroTBOpMTeNbHelx OpraHMsa- Uw 6oporser c pocTom unica ronogaiowx. YnoMAHyTaR KOPNOPAMMA OCYWECTENA T cBOKO ReRTeNbHOCTE Yepes OTAENeHUA 8 WTATAX, ‘CAeAOBAHIN TaIWeHTOB C HHBKHM 20XO- HOM, MOXKHO cyAMTs 0 TOM, TO Gest- HOcTb SBIAETER NPHYHKOM poxseHHA lereft c HHGKHM Becom. JLn8 wepHBIX H Genbix pacemarpipaeMbie noKasaTen 1981 r. Guim ovens Gruoxn (14,4 11 12,9% coorsercrsenno). Sr nannDie TOBOPAT O TOM, TO PasAMMHH B-3N0- Posbe serelt OGEaCHMOTCH Me KaKN- MGO GHOcIOFNYECKUM MpHBHAKOM, CBA- ‘aHHBIM ¢ pacoBolt MputianneRHOCTBIO, a paymepom soxona pomurenen. UA panies coumeno stots Meck PaNTNUHA OTPAXAIOTCH craructuxe pocta nereil. M3 mitoxect- ba nloxasaTezell, xapakTepMsy!Ollix cO- CTORNHE 3NOPOBBA H YPOBEHE THTAHIA aMepukaHckiX nleTeft, aNTponoMerpi- SeckHMN naMKMMH (K KOTOPLIM OTHO- caTen pocT, Bec M pyre napaMerpEt) nlombaytoTes HantGortee iMpoxo. PocT 1 pec — nloKaxaremn, OOLINHO peruerpH- PyeMble BpawaMu NPA OcMoTpAX eTel, MnoaToMy HX ynoGHee Bcero HCTIOTS30- Bare fan ana ‘Attamits saBucHT OT HasiHaU OPM, C KOTOPHIMH MOXHO CpanHNBAT! AHHBIC, ‘OrHocaumecs K KorKpeTHOMy PeBeHKy. ‘Viamepite pocr 1 nec peGenxa, Bpaw Ha- ocitT noKasaTenn Ha kapTy, File BBIMIep- npaetca rpacux WaMeHeHI THX HOKE aaTenef ¢ BospacToM PeGeHKa. TaKofi rpadux noaBosseT mponoaitrs cpaBie- Hie ¢ AANHBIMIC 0 APYFHX ETAX TOFO KE pospacra « nona. Hanpep, ecm ‘Tpexteruax senouxa muceT Bec, cOOT- percrayiouyilt 40-my npoueHTiimo Ha ike Beca, 970 OsHawaeT, TO OHA TA- xertee, eM 40% Bex pyri sienowek ec pospacra. YroGu nonysirrb yepeaHeH- -HBIe HOPMEs No pasmMuHeIM rpymtans Ha cenenns, Obi mPoBesienst MaccoBbie HaMeperins pocra i weca sterelt. Bpax no KpuBhIM pocTa M Beca TpexneTHell neB0- KH MMITAETCA BLINCHUTE, BO-NepBbIX, Naxoaaca 1m ee noxasaTesiM B npeneTax HOpMbl UIA €€ BOSpacTa M TOMA My BO BTOPLIX, YBeMMUHBAIOTER AH 9TH OKA ‘ATEN CO BPEMeHEM OcTaroNHO cra Gunstio. ‘Kax npasito, ner ¢ mecom (npi ziaH- HOM pocre) BEiue 95-ro npoueHTHAR aN ¢ BecoM mHGO pocTOM HiDKe S-ro NpouenTHas AOmKHBI TuIaTeMBHO HAG monatbca. Ant HeKOTOpEIX deren Ta kOe OTKIOHEHNe OT HOpMBI MO2eT Gui oGycroBNeHO reHeTHYecKuNAH Qaxtopannt 4 caHTaTEcH BONE HOp- MAIbHBIM; 2119 XPYTHX 2K€ OHO MOET OsHavarb naros1orMio, BBIIBANNYIO Me- OMMOMeNHBIM TutTaNKeM HM APyratnt pHustiaNt, OTPHUATeTbHO CkAsbIBAIO- uuinaica Ha sn0poste. Muorne sccnenosanna 8 CUA, cBx- ‘ante C HsyYEHHEM COCTOAHNA 3110- [Ponba seTett B passsesbix ITHHYECKHX PACOBLIX TPYTINAX, HOKasasIH, WTO Cy lecTByeT TecHas cBRsb Mexuty GenHoc~‘Tblo M WapylenHleM HOpsambHOTO Poc- ra. Tak, HccienoBanNe COCTORHNK mit ‘TaHins, npoweaeHHoc Burr. MaccauyceTe (@ cooTaercrann ¢ npHHgTsiM B usTaTe PeUeHHEM ONPeesHT® COCTORHHE 310- PONEA JeTelt B CEMBAX C HISKHM J10x0- MoM), nloKasato, uro 18,1% oGcnex0- BaHHLIX eTelt HMeTN pHaHAKH xPOHI- Neckoro Henoeaanna. Jo mBneHne Obi Mo BLIPAKENO TEM cHUTLNEE, HEM MCHb- xe Geis a0Xouei poasrenei. Wccsteaonanns, 0 KOTOpLIX # OMI Han, NoxasuiBatoT, TO FORO H Hezoe- Jlanite HenocpencTBEHHO CBRSaNB ¢ 6en- HOCTBIO H TO MHOTHE HapylLleHWH 3210 [POEDA, BLIIBANHBIE HeTIOsHONEMHDIM TH- ‘TaHHEM, HMEIOT MpsMoc OTHOUIEHHE K pasmepy 1oxoma cembit. Ho Bewty Toro, To OHM GeambI, NpocTO He MoryT ce6e NOIBONAT». HOpMAmbHO nwraTecs. Yponent Genvoctu*, onpenenenmbiit (benepanbibiM mmpanitTembcTBOM, 8 Ha- croamtee ppens cocranaser 10989 zon. ‘BOM Ha cemBiO H3 NeTHApex YenoBeK. B mpouecce pauta KrnHHYeCKHX WccsIenOBa- nuit Ohio BLimBEHO, "TO HenoenaHHe aHauHTenbHO wae BaGmonacTeR B ‘CeMbaX € J1OXOOM HibKe ypoutA GemlHO- CTH, NeM B CEMBAX, OXOML KOTOPBIX BBI- use. Pesynbraré HauwonamHioro necTe- Aovanus nlorpeGacnua npoayKTOE mH- ‘TAH B ceMbaX, Ony6nHKOBAHNBIE B 1982 r. samuuicTepcTBoM cesibeKOrO x0- 3aficTBa, noKasbiBalor, ro Gasiee 80% [BCEK CeMell, B KOTOPEIX PACXOBI Ha nit- "Tanne Taxie xe, KaK B «cpeAHeii» ceMbe, NomBsyloweltcH MPomOBONLCTBeHHBIMHL ‘TanlonaMn, He MOryT Hlony4iTL nHTAHH ONTHMaMBHOTO cocrasa, peKonteno- sanworo Hatwovanbuoft axanemuent Hays. To aannbin nenapraenra 3apa- Booxpanewnn ur. Maccauycerc, Bepo- ATHOCTS TOTO, 4TO ACTH HeHOeHAIOT, B COMBAX C HISKHM ZOXOOM 8 18a pasa DBBIIe, HEM B CeMbsX CO CPemMHM 10 xoaom. JIpyrie naHHbie 0 COCTORHHH SHOPOBLA yKasLIBAIOT Na TO, TO cpeaH Gemus1x ulmpoKo pacnpoctpasieHs! Go- JReWMM, BOSHIKAIOUMe Wa mowBe He- ocaaHna. XOTA HHIKHM Oxo — >To He enTH- ermeniatt axtop, o6yenonauBatouisit caaGoe snoposse, on, Kax mpeacraBna- eres, — oni HG raasHbIx. K weMy xe, coGcTBeHHo, cnosutres 9Ta cBasb? OsHO 3 4acTO BBIMEMTaeMbix npennoAOKe- nih 3akmowaeTcs B TOM, NTO NPHYMHOR HOBGIMeHHOTO NCAA HeMoeMAROUBIX 1 Gombusix cpean Geanbix cnocs wacenc- Hing CRYANT He caMa Manag BemNuHHa oxoaa, a cKopee HeaocTATONNAR OCB HOMACHHOCTE soe 0 TOM, Kax c7Ieay- * Kax noxgsmaior uccnenonamum npo- [rpeccumssx AMepHKAHCKHX 2KOHOMCTOD, ‘Oxo, past ypoumo GeANOCTH, ME MO- deer OGecnIeMETE ceMBe ynlonTeTsOpeHNe ‘ocuoumanx noTpeGuoctel. — Tipus. ped. FOROA B CUA enHnHaMA snoHM weEWHA weEnYAPHA AAS HOPRETHS HMMAEPNAHAb! KAHARA ‘OPAHUME ‘cunranye ABCTRANI vcnanna vPnaHna OHKOHr Beanbie, mMen-BENAKOBPUTAHUR opr rar ‘cwA BenbrHA ABCTPAS wranna HOBAR 3ENAHAUA SPAM TREUMS YEXOCROBAKHIA 15 = % 10 AETCKAR CMEPTHOCTS HA 1000 KVBOPOKAEHHEIX YPOBEHb JETCKOM CMEPTHOCTM b pasbix crpanax. No sTomy noxasarenio CWA saHimaior 18-e mMecTo CpeaM 25 NPpOMsIuineKHO pasBUTIX CTPAH C YMGNeHHOCTbIO Ha cenehna He meHee 2,6 Mn. wenoBeK. MoxasaTens UCUMCNAeTCR KOMAYECTEOM HETeM, YMepuinx Ha NepEoM roAy KUSHK, Ha 1000 KHEOpoxyeHHeIx. Bcne_cTEMe HENONHO- LlesHoro nvfrania KeHUIMH B NepnOA GepeMeHHOCTH AeTH HEPEAKO POMAAIOTCAC Be ‘com MeHee 2500 Fr. er nurarkes, Kake mpoayKrst noKy- AT KAK FOTOBHTS H3 HX passINGHsIe Gmiona. ‘Henpanunniise npencrapnenua o t- ‘TaN — uINpoKo pacnpoctpanenHoe SIBNCHNE, OAHAKO BPAI JL MOKHO CKA~ 3aTs, 470 ono npeacTapaReT npoGreMy MMeHHO sia HeNMyIINX. Peanbure dbak- ‘Tat cBiuleTemseTRYIOT Kak pa3 06 o6par- om. Mccnenonanna notpebneuns nipo- AYKTOB HNTAHHA, NpoBOAAUBIECH B MAC urraGax cpanel, NOCTORHHO NoATBepA- aawoT, 4TO GeaHAKH rioKynatoT Gonee MEHEE 100% 100-200" BONE 200% ° 3 nuTaTembHBIe MponyKTsi, YeM ocTamb- ax YacTs Hacerenns. OvesiiaHo, mano- cocTosrenbubie moms Gomsulle ayMatoT (0 TOM, Kax pasyMiee NOTPATHTL HMCIO- ‘UMMC Y HHX AEHBTH, CTEM UTOGLI OTIIO- >XeHHOfl Ha ruTaHNe CYMMBI XBATHNO Ha noaMoxuo Gombuuni cpoK. Peamubie axret m sapasbifi cBicn roBopaT 0 ‘Tom, ¥ro HaGmionaiouniics B nocnen- ve FOAL CkANOK B sCAeHHOCTH ronO- ‘MALOUWX HEIR OTHECTH Ha CHET HeOD- PasonauNocTH GenHbIX citoeB Hacene- ung. Te, KTO sbumBUraeT Sty rHnoTesy, 6 o 12 OTHOCHTENBHOE HCO AETEM C POCTOM HOKE HOPMBI, % BEAHOCTb M1 3AQEPXKKA B POCTE oppennpyor. Juarpamna noctpoeHa no Aa Hin UccnenoBAHMA NOTPeONeHUA NPOAOBONECTEHA B UIT. MaccaNyceTo, NPOBEAeH- Hem @ 1983 r. Livcbpei Bkusy NoKasbiBAIoT NPOUeHT AeTeA, MMEIOUNX HeAOCTATON- oii QnA cBoero BoSpacta pocT, 4McbpbI Cr K ypoaiio SeqHocTu (e npoyenTax). '— oTHowenve Aoxoga wx poawreneh10 WWW. SCIAM-MAGAZINE. NAROD.F BMMPE HAYKI-1967/4 AOmKHbI OBBsCHHTS, NoveMy HeuMtyLINe HeoxnmaHMo cTANH TaKHMM MeBeXITa- Mt. ECHAS css3b Mexay GeHoctbIo 1 FONONOM HaBOANT Ha MbiCAB, NTO Ans NOMMMAHHA Tor, NONeMy B cTPaHe acter uncno ronoaaiouux, HeoGxomN- Mo H3y¥HTTb NONODKENME ceMefl C HIKE Mut 2oxomamu. B 9TOM embicne Foros. RonoGen HudexunOMHOH GosesHit: OH uMeeT npnunny. Mpeactasasercs, 4To «Toro nsiawa crieusa- * Tiporpavaa “Medicaid” paccwrrana Ma oxasauie MeamunicxoR nomouut mas, »xuayuuwos 3a noporom Geawocrn. — Tpuse, pd. AMET No BoNpOEAM MTAHNAL 3 NE: ‘crepersa npenynpexaiam, 470 ceMbtt, >xuByLIMe HA CpesIeTBA, M3 KOTOPEIX OH Moryr norparurs Ha mrtanne we Gon lle npenyeMorpenHoil 3THM nsaHoMt cyMmat, He OyslyT Nony¥aTs exenKeBHO PeKOMEHOBAHNOTO MesHKAMH sueTH- steckoro Komnutexca . Kax 3ro nit erpat- Ho, HO MHHNCTePCTBO ceNSCKOTO x0- aafieTba nenomayer ceftwac 9Tor ritaH ak HOKYMEHT, YeTaHaB.TAparOUINt HOp- MaTuB Ha nuTanne. TlosTomy pasMep oMoubt, okasbisaemoil w Bue npeno- CTaBIEHHA TanOHOB, HacTOREK Maa, ro mon, NlomsyIouIecs HN, MOTYT © Gomuio epoxtHocTiio ewnTaTucs enoenarounat. 3a mocnentee necaTHneTHe pasmeD peanbHoro AoxoNa cent, nosryvarOuteM oco6wa no nporpanie TIHCILM, cit- unex wepennem own wa 40%. Heinen cnopami, noKynarenias enocoGuioeTs ‘Taxofl ceMbit YMeHBUINUTAce Gostee 4eM Na TpeTs, nocKombKY pasMep nocobult ne nocnepan 3a Tennant madmen. Hit oma 13 oTpacteh 2xoHOMMKH 32 110- enemnne rons He erpasiana oT undns- unm cron enHo. BespaGotwua 8 CLA spipocna c 6,2% navane 80-x ronoB 0 10,8% B 1983 r. Xora ¢ Tex nop ona yMenbuu- ‘nace npumepto 20 7%, ceronua Gespa- Gorwssx n erpane Gonbine, Heat wx 60170 8 1980 r. Kponte Toro, 31H unpst ne oTparxator Beef ocTpoTi aNHOR npOb- sent. B nactonmice spew nocoGue no Ge3- paGoTHue momywacT MeHbuaN wacTb monet, He UMEIOUNX paGOTY, HEM BO ice nocaeame ross. B epHom 2KOHO- Museckoro cata 6 1975 r., nanpuMep, nnoco6us nonysann nowrn 80% Gespa- GoTHEIX 13 hepsi MposBBOACTBA, ce- romua — Tombxo 29%, menbuue Hes 3a ce ppewia cyltlecTBopaHs TporpaM niomouu. TIpsunia saxmovaeren B 3a- ‘TaHYBULEMEs|SKOHOMHYECKOM 34CTOE 1B Nepenene nomeruxn eaepansnoro nnpaswTemcrea, usetouiet uembt0 orpa- nusorri npana Geapa6oTHeIx Ha rionyue- ne MarepuasHolt Konmericauun. Ce- Toast NO¥TH B NlonoBHHE uITaTOB, ecm Gespa6oruni, 2xnByLUN ¢ xkeHOR 1 ETN, YTPATHA NPaBo Ha NoAy¥eENNE BCeX BHLAOB NOMOUIN, ETO CEMA YAKE He MOXEr PACCHIETDIBaTI HHL a KaKHE HHBIC noco6ui no nporpamman TIHCLM 1 «Medicaid. TH H APYTHE daxropsi, smecte /e3abte, MlopomsisHt B nocneaHe FO- ABI Taxwe 3xoHOMuYecKHe TpyaHOCTH, KOTOPBIX HacesteNMe palbule MuuKOrna HE suano. [locTosuHo ysenuuneanoc’ Wie AO mozeil, HyAxAAIOUUIXCR B OMOUU, OxasbisaeMoll B paMKax GemepasibHbix AporpamM no Gops6e ¢ rononom. Fipa- BHTeMBCTBO 2k€ B CBOIO ONEpEAL CTPEMI- AOcb YpeIAT NOMOUIS HEHMyuUIM. 3a BCI MCTOpmto Crpaul 3To Gir caMBie Gomme coxpautesime cpencrs, seine- JIREMBIX Ha eslepambABIe NPOrPAMMbL Homoum rozoaaicuum, Ze ocHoBHBie nporpammi (npeaocrasneue pono BOABCTBEHHEIX TanOHOD H OGecrieveHHE ‘uranent neTeltm uikorax) npetepnest cyutecTBeniste coxpauienx. Lee apy- THe nporpammes (scnoMouiecrBoBaKwe npecTapenbim n oGecnevenne AonomEH- ‘TeAbHBIM: MNTANEM 2KEHUUNK H MasIO- aeTHHX neTeM) TOxe GuLMH Got ypesaNbI, ecru Gat He BMeUIAsteR KONFpeCC. Tlomumo Toro To pacxonst Ha npo- rpammy nponoBomscrBeaHo!t oMoUIN B neputon ¢ 1982 no 1985 guniancontift ron cOKpaTHANCs 8 OGUIe cHOAHOCTH Ha ‘Tapa. nonn., He Guin BBeneHE nO- paps na wudhanuptto 1982 r., a nonpas- Kit Ha MH)”sUMO B NocmenytouDIe Font BHocuAHc ¢ 3anepxKKoll. Bonee Toro, CeMBH € HOXOTOM, efBa NpeBEIMArOULIM OduIAMBHO yeraHoBneHMBiA ypoBeHE Gennioctn, Hekmiowamick 13 wea MMe YOUIHX MpABO Ha NOMOMID, ECnH B ITH. CeMbaX He GRLTO CrapHKOB MAK HHBAZIN- aos. Hexotopsie apyrue wsmenenus, BHOCHMBIC B yOMRNYTYIO NPOrPAMMy, ‘cHinkamM pasMep npenocTapiaeMomt No- MOUDI, H 3TO B TO BPeMm, Kora yBEmI- anpaack mudamuis, pocia GespaGors- ua, a Geansix cranopinoct sce Gonbune. B peayanrare ceroais, Kora no mpi sHauino npasirrensersa 33,4 MH. Ye~ BORK B CTpaHe -KUByT BGeaHocTH, TombKO KONO 19 NuTH. aMepHKanUE® Hony¥aloT mponosomberBeHHBie TaI0- Hl B 1982 r. oxono 23 sum. nereit nony- wan GecrutaTHbie WUK HAcTHYHO ora SuBaeMbie saBTpaKH B uIKoNaX. Baene- He 2ToH nporpasiant Guino castuin KPynNBIM MepornpuATHEM TO OKAsAKIO HoMOUM seTAM Ha GenHbIx cement. B Tom xe 1982 r. pacxombi Ha 9Ty npo- Tpammy Gbian cymiecTBenHo ypesaNbi. PaaMep 20xona cenit, OT KOTOPOTO 32- ‘BUCHT Mano Ha onyeHHe HOMOUUE TO 2TOfl Nporpamme, GbiN TlepecMoTpeH, & NOPRAOK MpenocTaREHNs MbrOT aMe- eH TaKHM O6paIoM. HTO pasoGparsca, Ha Koro pacnpoctpanserea 9T0 m1pano, crano Gostee Tpyamsim. B oGutetl cx0%- HocTH 8 nepHoa c 1982 n0 1985 imaHco- bifl ron cpeeTBa, BbUIENEMBIE Ha BCE nporpammst 10 oGecrieveMno ere 20- NOAHHTEsBHBIM MIETAHMeM, COKpaTH Auch Ha 5 Mapa. nona. PesymbraT cKa- ‘gancn HeMeneHNo: | MH. aeTeH nepe- crann NonyuaTs WKOAbNBIE 3aBTpAKN. Kpone Toro, scnentcTBHe BHEceHHBX B nporpanmy wamenexuit 6 2700 wxonax neficrsue nporpaMnts! Gbi0 OTMeHeHO, Uo >ke Kacaerem MporpaMMer KOM LIX 3aBTpaKoB, TO ee eficTuue Nepe- crano pacnpoctpanatics Ha 400 ThIc. Zerefl u 800 uxo7. Onno us outytunutx weriomoutecTBo- aH nO wiKOMBHBIM NporpaMMam 3a-