o ypt ETP B MoItB

oAPl TTT IryTBoHA

BAPIIIABCyPTT

tIAvIoHAHIE
M}I'HAPOHIE
AEITI

CI{TBA oo
CEECvwI

o yypl EHP B oCItB

oAPcl CTTT CIITBorIAI{
BAPIIIA yPTT

IAoHAHI
M}IHAPOHIE
ACtTI
CICCTBAoCo
CECCI
MaepaI Me)Iyapoo oeper
..HaIoaIe
eyapoIe aIIeI ya
oo Cee''
o yypr ep oe

Moa,20 - 21 epa2o2r.

ora
2003

Har.uroare rrrllaporrre aerr.'.

[dpae e.eo aopax

Pearloa

IoJUIe{ :

M.3e, .ooa,
.orea' . Ceo

Coar:
.Ceo

ooa LIpa Bapoa

Itarrra opllex EayI.
a. peropa oyapeot ya yBo3IIa.

Perop:
.fo

3a. oeo r{yoslapa I{erpa;o por.

Cea o xyo'eerro yype errpao por.
ea _ erca IJITypa xyro.
poprrIt
,,cccto ee opeAop oopal
eo yyp Ifepao r.Booo pot'',M.,1996, a arrpa ae o poea yypI lya ex, oapr, Ap p. pa.
Ceo op ee
3ayreresre y or.
.[oop yo ee.
poeop Mooop oyapeoc aeIvtli[eIor.\oxyo,Ieoo

{ITfIya

. B..CypIoBa.

Beyrrr ay.rr op}.oyapeoD

IlI{Jra

yoa.

..poe o
Pyooe py
oep''.
arvrae 1g.ru ya pa e.
)o( ., pyxffvl
pao m.Boorro Epor )(-


_ '--.

J|t(oIe

r t(:l(('(:IlioM Brop

eypo,t{

ooI

a.tI..

Aop oyoaIx oopa:

,.Cyypa
Hapoo oI'', M', 1976.
..o
oaIvra IvIBoJIlvIy'oep oo
lt llt:IIepo roIx - aaa X .'', M.,1997, .
,l1itlr r, Po coil' aaevr xy.o}e.
Coae oTer peaTop loe.
.BIx opo oopa.
Cpe : ..Cope.
Ie opee poeI IIJ. epoo yTyprro epa?Iv|'', M., 1996; .. e 14r7TvI
poeoo
ya'', .,2000.
Aop ae ypaax Po, Bp, ep}taI{' oap.
opaaop a Dllloytvro e}yapo.
r oepe.
ypaop ox Iao opervroo a oIBr, epypa, paa' a TaIEeo
opeeI oJI xyoo oyapeo
}lye yo3a.

orea Map
.{orop y o e e,?I'.
poeop clla PlTopyB Bapra.
too IrBepea.
Ceapye o ooy apyefio.
},tyyTy I - epo oor .
Aop 1or clae ox apyGerx
oprax lJ4)aJIax'B olvt : .Poprzeka. ydzila
malarstwa polskiego. "Arkady''. Warszawa, 2000.

Taaaea apa aoa

ayrrer ee y or.
floop yoBee.
ar ay.rr oTpy oyapeoo
llya yBoa'
Cea.r o ooivlyyTtsyVI - .
Aop :
.Aeap
epr'', M., 1962;
..Taeyr
[ye.r'',., 1965;
..oep ooo
ya ox poer.
'',.,1968;

..oep oo pa .'', ., \9,I2;

..Capaoppe'',.,1979...PyoI'',
M.,1995.
r*typopa
pa

aII
ae
Aop
or.

aax Po
yvea l{parr,rpa roeorra
Idarra yoee.
a. apo Bo6recop y Po.
oo oyapeoo yaapoo yI4epea.
Ceapy oa apye}o)paygBaxD( - )(.,yBa Cpeo.
3I.reIIof
B' oprT.rIepoe opl4y.
Aop pa ae B ar{I opax yp.
aa Po oap.
pa a
Hoa
ayer ee y or.
.{oop yBoBee.
Beyr ayvr opyrr oy.apoo
rya yToa.
.Ayo.Beo''.
3a. oeot pea'ypaa
e Coa IIoJIx olvroopoB.
aypea pe pea IvIepBa
opaI or.
CeaT o oo yre xlx - .
op}r}to poo y3IIe.
o o re 6 gan\l :
..apo IIIaq3g. Booa'
a.
T|, fI6 JIv$a',, M., 1 9 8 4 (paopr . H o a,
. pea);
..o
r,rroBor0 o rroraoro errepe.
om. oepr IIoJIo]vlrveo wry)(.", M.,1990.
..eel pl Hoo Boolr oa}4'', I\{.'1995.
, ..Copeoe o}oe yo epaypa.
o o3a aaapy'', 1\d.,1998.(pe.-o. .HtlIoJIa' ' Itoaeo.)
with Witold
C onv ersation
Irina Nik olsk a.
Stokholm, 1994.
Lutoslawski'

Ie

paoa roa Hoaea

3aylrer ee yB or.
oer e Coroa ox yopoB.
.yd'.
Prrop aperor oea 5paa
y.rae ooe yTo oa xlx - X.
Aop oopa:
..Iaep
.{yo'', M., 1965.
..Coplter
o aa', M., 1969.
..CopeIe
oe yox-peaI'',
M. , 1979.

.,.{yo'',

M., 1985.
Aop pa ae o ool ye Bo..Bpo op y'', B a.,Mapa yB
o ye'', a ailtl pox ox fiypa.
ax a3eax.
Tlrya Arraa opea
Hayrr opy oyapeoo y.
a yBoa.
Ca o e}po-Bpoeoy y.
y. oyoa p ae o yBy BeI pyea

x - .

Itpy Arra
aee peopa l(paoo aoa.
o aepe.
Cea o oo}ry yTBy XI - XX.
ee yvavI or pyx epoe.
Ix TpaEa.

Arra I{oaIloBIIa
opoa
I(arrra yoBee.
Capr a5rr opyrr cla op
vI vlcTopu opareIx y Poo a e.
M xyoe.
yrae pyoe epoeoe yBo Ioa

xlx - epope)(.

opax
Aop ae B H&5r5111
Mor eepypa.

rrypaa

pooa Haa Mxaoa

Capr arr opy oyapeo
ya

yo3lla.
Ca o oo1\4y eapy epayp.
Arrrp pqa a ay.r opra ?t)}IaJIax.

Ape opor
ae
.ortop ooe EIay.
Beyr ay.rl opy ya po.
a.
o epaypr Poo aaetvr..Baxaap'',
eaaea
y*oo*eJl
a.
poee
pylolo }la ya
o paP, B alo oo.
yae aBIt). epaypy I4palayp.
..Blte. oe o eolvt
Aop oop a
6epeee'', ., Haee, 2000, a ate pa ae
}rarlIx 6opax ypaa Po or.

or.iyryplrt elrp Morte (o.or:

Inst5rtutPoki), rra oe o.l}trlo
aae' peIo.

aJolee arffrI xapIfllep eqolt' a ato qe o )epy ervtelor 5ra e r oro ] Ceparrra - Irao}llt.loe o.royypo
tao, Iore oo1. He rperrr a o)ee.
e rrayIo err.rroe, erwrtelvr e eee pa.
e ylrae o Bex poe' rrapaJlerx a paI{pelfl{e
epl alr o oro y4)e' poeax' JI IopD(
o epeIe 3lralo{e porlole ap{ep.
Ha porre o y{e eo e aoap opory, e ax. o peyer e*lil,xapa.
epy ar{or pyooa TaI{ apepoivl e
a oyaper cTITw yoHaII o.
e. prepo pepaco JIaIBaIeo opyP.Ie.
a oile ylfi oaa BIao oo
?o aax ya yoa
(aoa.
p l{tle po. .Ceoa), otrpre IIo3o
o r orr epax oaoIvr poy y.
y opeo
eoopIx epeIx yo,{o
peI{o ooe.
oo.ro ee ae' tno poeere rope.TrarloIIaJIIe
I
eqrapor aeIflI oo0
r.oa'' rrpro oBIe o}ltoltfilo .4II IIJlootsopo.

a
r0 Opyfiea. }y oofrToaJl poae
a{x poxoe B ee yx re ope$r
o .la, eTa pervao epeIx oao' a
ae yae prr or eoJI !le.
erx opIoB Iya o a peopo
ya op ya Bapraoo yI{Bepe.
a po. Mape oreo. Bar oaa
}IBIch{cc*I'
poxoe yyapax 3aea'
y' oray, ye oepy Beoo a3r.
rrylo ao 3apoHyrx e}I' oopIe paapa.
3aaylo oaopo o pe.
Pe e e o m' 0 peepo IIpeBoI{oPt
arrr
Ba}Ioe3aee poere opr.
oTaoo poltI' o oa3ao, !o egIot
papa peJII a'r}taoo. I{oper
e oJIo
ay+ro 0I{ 3pe oaaa yavo BeDla IIo3I{a.
Bao, o peoaI4a Bo3lvto(rlo. oo arrol0 lray JIeoBa - oea r.rl' p.
a oe{o o3 Boeo IvrHeII ) aolll
poeoppoaJla o e oeocl ae' oerrr rrfit)/ ayly - oeue owJJt.frl- I0 .
a apaepye JIIoe, gIrrr< e.
oaoy }!ro]Kl{o o oe) opoo.
Ba ae op aepao o oa oe.
pe pox oI{x opo ya. r
oe' a ayIMPI ea Ioa pyEIo ye
pae oyoa eoroey aroe.
py ayro oro )rerx or lPocc' v6o
o olylee pyo opa B poax yoao a Maepao e. oao aTe oo opa aBepa o}re yoyr rre o.
r oe I' o Byluoo l{eoa
yoo aaa. B pe, aler ppae y.
eo aoo popaBale pao'
ao ypr oo vpeuao aile. o ere
pe pa oo olr Iy o op. oe.
JIa e}t a}t a yyre oIx Bpe epeIx
y aoo poa.

oo

Mape 3e
peop
yypo errpa Moe,
Coe ooTBa

Hao

clvaDoIr

HaoaIe

Jtapoe

ael'

poIII I.rTT&, - pye xlx - . Cop .

yaHI loropav, y}IeBIerlrc ea
oBIe, a oopIM paoa, oIeI e'tM
Cee, Boa' papIa oy ey
oo yTBa.
Itoepe <HaoaI e]ryapoIe
aeITI I]ooo Botvra)' poIIrra 2002 .
oo yypoN{ epe Moe, oaI{I flo
ee Toa op - ele o. pMeaeI p
ao poee. Mr pa.I)ra ox {e ae.
eM' o aI a).Ie o:a oya ooopoe
poofielre .aere. arapI lvII3a aoe
oee ooryry yypoy epy Moe,
eo .popy M.eolvly' oo}lo ooye.
y aaBa yye aIx e o.
oeavr. Xo ya' o c. Ioy
op.re o pe. ex' o ro oy}
yypy' pe otIT ee oTI{lI MII.
eoa oItoo yTBa B oyap.
eo}l yT yo3}ta - ot|I?t uI} 'a6o.
e p aytlIx ' pa3paoax' yx
yax. [I poxoIee y,re a poe o
oyea yeee ooal{o }Ia BIII{aeo}vI3)re
ao. oa xyoeea.fi lyypa' oJr IIoy.
J.prraB Irae paAI' aatlpe yBoealvt
5/a B Boe BIpaTeJIIloM ee opo oorrt X .' eoBopocTIkIaaoo XVII o.
Jr' lloopoTax aa}Iapa, orro ae
oBpeo xyoreeo }II3II. B oa
eapa' 3o6pa3eoo yBa' y3II'o ep.
a opIalo Be IloBIe paypI. ooao
oo aoao yypI e epTae yB
oxIa ex' o 35rvaeT e.
Baae y e,oBaee oJloo yTa
yyp o o Ipaeo pMell o3aa
aoparrIe paoTI' xapaep3ylIe o o u
l{ )ap ooo yBa. Ceo e 6oree BI{.
ae pBalo peee vIB3avINII{Ieooe
oeI ull, ope,errlx o ooo y.
ypoo paB. tv aoB' TaIx B oee
leT ooo pIvr. ooI1ro' ope.
ooeIx B oe yTa TpaII l{epa .
10

ae peopa
oyapIrloo TyTa yBoI{a'
3a.o.o l{ya pa I{epao por
pa ooa

Herroarrr

lerttyaDotltt.

atir...

or oar.

orc po yex s 2oo2 . r oIlaervt

e}l
ery pavrerrapoel a{x ceoaIr
e ee peae ryo opr aepaJlo loeperrr a ooI, o pel or oota
a pe.
ea oJloro ya epoeoype
rre eo. ere paI {lIJtoB Ir Ira}rIrD( eI..
po peaatr o oo o poee.

o o"alre

.Cgo,
pyooe pyI
..poe lIil
cl;otll oep''.

or Cee, or rior' - oJlo

rt3 tyIEIx xyo,Icelex o oer y e.
to. m
oo ectl,( rr ltoIx parypax oap.
o e ler
ilg!ar Bo paec.
JrtDtreoct, oer paa.leri l, r.
a er oparerr .reoery apu'
aIlaJIIl.
3ttpoa }eIyI|e e opIIaJIe ol,lle(xre
,l _ ale JI oe'Ieoae. M raeo ry.
ae Ioo e oparge ,oy epoy paGorr
ttolx Jerr:l .Carrrrrror, .Bar, M.ore.
orloe
o. Marrra tooo x ceoaldl
olpa} o ItdI.oy!a o.lrro Ce.eo}l. rrre pearm 1roerrl IIrore slo.
o llooaorlo allgBeoo yoa' eo ppa.
Ie ea' e0 epIetIl'tg' LI pe,IyBB.
ogra poe _ rroJlIre uerapote ael oo Ce. Bpe lerlai ](
Jto)ltlog' 3' paogaJle oe rlellI. polrrry.
o grorrro 1ro.lreare oL:Eto'JIIi ooea .
paaBra
Gqoae ar oJIo) xyo,icecleroro
olaDlee l(ya )F,r,( rraolraJl ()' elx)rtefior opeoI'o o}rea pyee D( _ )o( .
oor
Ta poac rre oeperr
gpe.
tyJlypor errrpe oe' rrrpoo lrgr'
t2

l3

Harroare

t' }reqllyaDote aer....

. Cgo

ora, )O( e, rIo3r

apo a o}r' pe ool\y

opay pa e . paBoyelvr Hlvt' oa.
erteI' oaT lvtlt' pooaItvt
oo eo e B I{yBe JI opollJllvt gpe.
ee}r [I B lrory e}t' To ooc I|JILIaao
poper. Hepeo y}ro poBoaluea oo.
3I B eompIx aaapIx x 20. oo .
oeaa o pyypI 3aoaflelu y eope.
eIx peeo. B arrx eIx orrpy.
x xoax e pa3 poIBa eoIe
oprare peI oopaee IvIBox a.
}rIJIoB. .{ae, raao r, e.ro poBooo'oe eeootly yxy, a]vr o yleBy ro }Beprerre
IIoBIx BapaoB Jlaeo apoll' opo
eIlltl}l
opa.
xoo B B3 oTIlvl
e.
lvl o }Ie BopeeI
xyo)e eol\4
opafier
eeo'
p )( . o IvIHoI{x yax
pa3I. oTyaer
oo IvIBoI.t3}la ap.
oI{rla o y:pee
orrao tvroe yorrLt a py.
opa4a
Cee.
ooy
ee IX - ( B. a e paIl
go.
e.
He
ye
oBepa
aaBo
yy

e}r e ooa.
a aa opooB IIo pae
pay }x
aIoB oa3a
aJIa aa paBeo'
Barr ope
oa.
a oolf B olvt' o
I4

. Co.

oa.

e. o

}roIvl oyyIa ey Cee opI o.

po ex o e eI{tItIIx lloIx apae

ee, oopI alloe . re oo ooo o.

aoo' vol, e Bxo aa Bex oyIl4x IIpoofiee xyofit"TellIx opI MBoo o' pelI]reo e oa e eoae}l'
oTopIe yopo apal ylvle Be pa.
a I . tco oTlla lvtyI ere.
o orro ol\y ay' o lvtooopao o J.Iey B3aI aI:tlle}l polvlarr3olu eo o.
vr oa}r. Co ooa e o
ooeBvr c otIao I . a yTBo ya.
apoe. repaypo }roJltla arre oaa
o roeo po' oopylo paJI B llepo e'o
apo}e poa' o3.
Be ooeo|l lcTop*lee a
oe pyypo a . epeo oea
a apxa' oao Ie' oa' aa yyor
aIa, paeo ooa eo opI vI c,lvI ?l B eoopIx oeax ola3a BoI opae.
o epa e, o oe aepIo' yBep.
fi.aT oBelvl Ie pep,
Co, Ceero aalo e oee o.
a aI Be oepfiaeo' oIloe BIIypeeo 1\4l{oooo. o6Ira pea |Ia yxoBy
ay Mpa e oee a aTea yIIpoIeIIoT elvleapo o}la yBa' aBIx
Ilare pa apaellil
' .{a B Iloxoe op.
oopey B x oapyralo Tae pyype
oTIpI' oopIe aeo peIaal peI e.
eppoaIx BpeMelre{ IIrI oplvl.
Ta o e3 o op.reo epao
ivlo3lvla poxoo xapaepe eeo3rvla pe.
ae oTIlI yeTBIe BopaErI{. o oep.
Eae' B ao' a pepe ya opo oo.
rz rl

I Jt.iL .' oTopoe epeo alo paJlo

yaeIlvl o pyerroo ae.
C oo opoI' oIo
3a yopx
lpdvltt
}ItI' oepy
IooEIvloIvI B yxe oo. eppeaI:la,
pyo
opoI' epBy opaeo
IIoJIy pe}reo-poIx op. Ha ao eJI pyr aeax oo
oaIae
eeoolvly
aeo e pattI{I}I

xy.oeo{y
poy.
15

HarEroac

e.l/apoe

aer...

Idaroepe o-oey papye a y

Iry pa{. B X . T IIepeIDrptoe-

peo Be}ra ilraI}r xpooolll\dlil BePrI{a}l.

opeo oo oBIe llcl<ata' eooe
aee o3paa' B aIlo' oa I opalaeN{
epeoItvr X . 60 0atv1'pea a x B o.
eylolee eee' epoy oluoeplr3 a.
y.oreo B)Iee 60.x ro et y]I{BeItvIapoetvr o}po oao apaBeIIoIo, aII eae reJr B lvlp
oIe opDIae al{o 3e]Ieovl 14pe al Cee vr. VItya JII]re x ap ae p o vr eIe pe l!BoJI3Ivra 3aovr F,ILora
eoBaenIei4, aoTa ao opveo peI, py.
e opoI eeotla. Blxo 1964 . roopa
M. Baa <Ce) eope!le oop pyy
aepay. praeI olaa opor paaI{lle ap, oopr aJlao ee eeIoIl.
oe yo. pyree ey ypeee apee'
oIloBpeeo epoe aaoe' epeeao paraeo orogIo 60.x. B xoIx oetvr
rrIx pytTypx apa:ax ola3a opeoaI.
}r opoa eeI{o oil Lrtu,opao ooleee
epono eor. oee e paItl{' Iragepapa.
oo ya orT peaoe B3pIBlvl EeIIe
opr, eoilaoe opfiIle opaey otl.
IIo3 opaea, ooyr paoy }tlvla' o
a a}Iottee oIx JII oopI:ltlex oea.
Ta "ro e oo paa I92o-x .' opea a oopy ra y Ieeo opIo, o eeoIe pol[3ee' pe oopI oa oaa e eIe' crarwr oero x p!fiel{.
eee }o' a ye oilreao' oeo
epe pyx aee Cee, oeo e
oallo apr pa. Ho 5l, o.laro' aeo
e o. aao t, vo loe 6r oreo }te]fiy
Ceee o.aporvr, oopr 60.x oax X . o.
pa otl a peor. He oao ar.
a yaoIyopo Cee ' oy pyo
pape _ oepa, - yo,Eeeeoe peopa}ee op)Dlalole per. B ee pea.ol oIUloIe
JlaoBao eoJIIo tooe ygo' o pea, o
eq eilraJloa)lIl oa3iul opee y!IJI e.

r6

. Ceo.

pooaoo xyoeoo pya. He 6ye

aaT opIx' xo rreoopIx otloIex' lto.
eo' epeIx' I1rooBoo poea. Pe s
o eo allpaIrogI{' olt4too'oyIe o.
o}r ee yolvl pofie o-apTa. I(oeo,
y pa o po ep:se ypo }r A.
o' pa3I1re apaBe' oopoe Po aA.
tr 2-e oI (po3oBeI{I Iygo>. Ho o.t8.
aao oyer ro oofieo lltero opy
eeoa.
Heaoarro pyoe. eo oa' go !do.
e paIi
6 ea eper a
e3aII pervlea' eII{' x yrloaoo
6.
JIe opaeIt\4 I.Iyo. eo, tto
aoe' opo epoeeoe }reo a}ra pyl.
yp Irepepa apa Mrroa eaIlo BIo.
ea ee opar ageoo ai*la, a o.
y)oa gelley po pega B epepax o.
IegBeIlIx a oLt.vB oaee Beor Cee.
oa oe Xoa, Bo o peBpala BeItI{Id
eopallIe aI' e yJrIIaIe o oe eoo .
apoaocTx tI oe) tllll)o pae,
a. eo oa ae eoo paIe' a
eo aopsol }Iee e}l }orrreo y.
e rvra Moppa, ro eao eao' .ror oo.
Iea ylvtI4eJIIrI}relvlo, yoaa' o
B elvr.o epeulaya y yoao'
oa.
eIa }1t3tlBeu{ oIa }rp eoBa.
oee pa Be o.apTa oaa
aer pererrrr Ia ore Prpo.
a oeey pey eoeeI{oo oa. Hoyro
ay pea eop aTvaa|4.xyoeeo ovreayp. More papa}ra apeBllo o-apa'
}roe IIa poe aoo eo aa BeI'
a 'a }looo3avI, eIIa e 'J| vI
epexeI' }Io)lo a e oe poyBIM eo
Bopree apy' opooaIe opo Iotvr
eIIapI o}Iae opaeo' tvto}Ie
e
pa' aoHe' epeo pyla eoopI pe.
ae}t oo ee epaop.rBo rope
oeo ooo oee. oao o-ape
l tl o. oey e a Iollit c e r o 6a e, e.
BolvloEIII e e aeo' oope o.ep}ao e
t1

Haoare

e.Japore

ar..'

yBo Ce. CeoaeHo' B ToIvIae xyo.

)IeBeo pa3Te 60-x o.o X . oaao B loe.
oIvIoe ( yuep poe}ryoIe 1"e) ao
opIl yp e et|vINIIpyo }ro ox .
B rovl I97o. . ate po]tBalo
opoHoBel{ yTBo ee. BopaIvrv..
Iee elvleeoTB3I eoe pa3ylt{, aoUIoIoBo
epe ovaBoo ooeTa, orprae
pea'
.a
a
vlt.
tvftIa|qvI.
- oI.Ia v TurX
cTaTvr:r<v!
oeTo-o
a
ra
60.x
eBo
o,ra
ey
p. eo' Ipa po pa3I pa. o poopeaa o oo eleBeo). ce.
a ea oox payvr e oa oeleB
e opae elleoy oolrlleoy oIy Cee (oepa), vroa. .o B IIpoB'ex 1970 - 1980. . yIlaa pyl vroepy
y paI{oBaTo o"ryreoT' rlar*e epe e.
p ope BoI oMIIBaca eo pooBoe
a!IBeHoe' I3IBa B alvrT lBoTe alal 1900.x ., aoepo ' yaJlo r po.
yI BI opoo' BIIIoIe B apaepIx
eeoo ro oorx oa. B ox r{a.
'o r opve e3' B py - o N{o.
oa.r ae, B pex - e o yea cTva. Ho Bo orIaaeaBa pa }Ia t3Ie opee pea .
pa aeo e e opee.
B ao .vrervwr
o aa}Io poeo oa vepo, o
epeIaIry B pyy pee pot}Io.
opaa . oaaeIe a o a.
ora oFlpypoa or NIp, oyro
o
e?
yypy o ]vloo e yaa. opo BMeTe Be.
r o paex o.
g|<v:opIl\,I
o e oyleBelx Tpe, o ta pao.
apoae' o EIao oopoo poI e oee
ee.
oporre a INIyTao Boa Taa.
o 3ao paI B paBel{ o pIeTe}i.
IoM _ Beo I. CyopoIe oI Beplry a.
opaoe eo B op.
aI,'all oee urvr|'e.ee
ro e po opa}lotu yBe
perre Beo eo olvtoprol vlocac. re
peo BI ooe 3a}Ie oo' o )l
18

. Cg.o.

oa

o3

a ee o}roepl{3lvl. }ta ooo

B I{e }l.
a paoa opex
et? a yra
vIe.
eoBeee
o? o o.
y oo yepalvl
aao poooaee
ooa
opy?
He.
poeo
x pyx opoo 3apye
pa.
e ot\4opoo
poea xyoIeBellIl\ll
oIpoBee} ToeT ao.
p apaee
oao
t ovlvli apaIa.
e. lta eeoIloe
yBo' olvIoep}I a.
oe o Beoe paoopa pa. Ho
oyxoBop
eo' a oeppy 1!l4'epeo o3aHo
aIa o6 v6pao.
paI
pye
pa.
B pooooog
eeoo]vty lvlBot\{y tvlp eoea oxo B ooepo
IBo.
a atl
Ia' epe BoIo ooalo

tItvI.vI.aIe p a Bo pe
ppo.. pa B oox ee
or ee yao
eoerre eo. Ho apax
1\{ooB oa
Iyae
a plaer
I' vftIl\plByy oe yoBIIoT.
Ha pye I B. yTo IvtBora
BopNraIoT I a ooI
IeIe opveo
ael4l.tlllIo'
a olo3lla
pa3IIex
o lpe
oBee' a oBIe are IIoTpeo poeo oa
yB.
He yer el"r!la I BIo } poBIIa epa
pyera
yoeBeol\4y
ae
xlx - . p}Ieol\4 ItI{tIIroTuI opeoo
apaevIa.
opa}r a
JII a o ol\lIe.
Co oee ey e Bapa
Tpyltyp
opaIx
(xo o oaoo
a}IeI B oBpMeIIo
opveo
IIaI1rpe)' a eI ooaJIIe
oa
eooo yBa' oopIx oa peeo
yxoIx epefia
oa ue
oe TI{I.
epe
yBy
luo.Ia vt oepa'
oopr aI popeae
Be IloIe I{oBIe oe' ivlee paIe epoee
aoaJIIe
op.
epI. C o.o opoI' oee Iyo popoIBae aopaa oreepoex
tcair e.
eoae
Dlaepaa py
IaBoI{' a oopIx
opoBa
paI{Ix
Eo' paa, yypa
pa' IIo3Boe oly pa3}Iax ee
yo}.
19

. Co. ora, X e, rrrro

eI e. Be opee oooT efiy oo opee aepaPrBI' oopre peaa Mxe

Be Ceeo Meryapor ep ap.
e' oeeo Boetrt rlolvr 3a ooaae.
poJI peI4oIIo - Cpa poa, CaaBI'
ae paI.
C pyr opot{I' oIe a' xyoeo
peaJltto
opeBa' )r.IeIee B IIo}Il[3lIIt'
oe p]rIIIrx epoaI BICaBoI' yea o.
eol oae aollarx Baparo yBa .
olla' B oe or rroo oop y o 6.
o lvtBo3lvre,o reapIx yo)Iax' o3a.
IIlx epI r.l )o( . o apalr o!{Ior o6pa.
3a g' o epee Boa peo3a
lleotvt ear Byx epI eJI poroo
ea, o opa3l.eIx }tox oax oatcoo eoaI{a' o amloepe apooo pya'
r+ar ryre }toI paeo ao.
oo.
orro I{3 aflIx e}I' ppylox
aoaa
JIe
eyoo'
le pa3Ite'
ao6lroc }roI{a. Cao opeo yye.
e ee o }torx pax xyo)IeTeoo luIIl'
aa oy, ole Bplvr' pyypy opI.
flpepareI Ie oer eoro a lue.
ep epoeo Ceec 3aaa Ioy ay
rrarrx aoro. co6o opar
o ooB' apxypa aa Aoo ay o.
paae aao paoao Bypee po.
yaoto' To eopaBoI yoaIlt paoopae opytIx per, p.
erro }Ioo aypo !t yolleo pao.
. flaerrIe xapaepo }tBo3a eo e.
arr IloB IyypI aJIa Meapo Poo o.

ey oe oro alteo oIo

oopeeo pare eyre aypl. ICopar
apo apeBllo' po )IBoocTYI ap.
titeo pr tllltl oop eyop3lle}lo
l(oooaIx apax ooo pee po
opo. Cpaoe a.
payoo oa f\oaa
Bo3BIIe.
pecvrr
poeoo
oe pre
aopa.
o
aI
3
oo
eaog
o
fiae paeolt }rBoJIllTx opao op.
rcta apa Mya.
20

ltoIe pyre xyo oo

opI' pe oopIx e3 IIe aa erra.re.
a opa' oaa a Topoa, exa a pae.
pa' epa ltoy Taap op, a pe po
aepa epo I.tI Mxaa Bpye, oa.
r er p yaoe,
peaIx
paIIIe aoaIe Irol. B ooyoc o o.
poe a, oo.
eo repaoar
pl r oopeeIlo ll ope erolvl' t.l p.
epe oe.
Ha o oe o roIIINI, eeo.
oe yo ax epo, a ltpao Bapraa,
peat roII{x paypax ea 3aeIl'
epeIld' aeIl. Pe'r e o) e 0Io
o llIIoI peo:ex ea oaeo
o.o prooaIlr rlr3egIRr epa o.
oe opaeo ya a pyee Ix )o( ., a ap, Ie, Bea. B pe JeBeI
oelfo o}la r paea ega eooe.
a ooo }tolua' oopr ooegylol/
oxy r o epe oIe eI ao ore.
oeo, oee eo peae ooo lvlope.
a epoeo apee. 3aoo x yage a
Igaax Beor Mxeoo CeeI.toIIoB' IlapaI' oJleI{Ie B ape C. BrII4ll{ . .I[y.
ol' oea a le)IJrlrapoo oype efa.
p . Mexoepa' aI{I{Ila po rpye o-Ae
B. Ceror.
ce rre o ooo tvrorvra e ooIIaBa poe y opy {eaIlo o }Io}ty a.
ay. Heoo aorx IeepoB' arx a pa,r oope paae
l(paoe Caaa
Broo' aepe aooppeo ea ae.
oo' ypaalol apae eeoIe aal
yITypIe pyl aep .(yooo' a a.
proror e rror ae eoa Brvyooo,
B aeo epe pylr IBo Teoopa Ar.
eoIla' eoo apll eomp}too oe I{.
e l{oaax Boa Boea' p IyJIypIx oottl Beaa aya, raJlo pyx po.
ee pyea xlx - ., oopIe eo aoa.
p B)n}lo paoe oII4x ye yrr.rloB o2l

Harloac

]lillyapo

aer'

IpIBaIo B BoeltI:tllorvl 3ae' lvloe oeo

o3IlIIoBe e r eHI B Bpoeo xye.
ceo pee.
pao BoI po pyo. a yararo
oe 5rele' oye aoo e3aBIvIo.
e pa3 3aao x ooeBeoB - ?IBoII.
eB' paIoB' yTopoB - IIoraIa a e{ya.
poIx BIaBIax o paoI B IIaBoax ABp'
Po, py. Be o e ooo oyll oo.
Maaoe peae o oo Cee. ao.
o ee oeIlvtlr opa3aNIl oa x apeo.
BaIIa oea o opoI eBpoeoo ya rre I
aeaI ypo oo IoI IIa BeIvIa pea.
eIloM y pyerre.
o.ra ilo ot\DpMedlaa
e
olp paD( epoerx rrrro.Ho po 0 oIo
e r aII{}r. He poo oooI]r py{e e anla.
lrIa 3lII{ BopltT!{e op' o}laHe eoBela
po pa3Bopoo epoe xyoeBellx a a pyereI - )( . oeeo Jralr opaI.flreo}l ytse Tx e o eaIlI|
r ae o ooao poeeo )a oypIx o palryo Eo or pee opae eyle er a. Boopla' opIe.
a o )l3llerrrr poe MeaeIlo e Taa o3B)r.
o aroaoDIy I4eIo tl}pa.
oor opao oaaa aeo o tlo
pya oypa e' Boula a pye
ox - y o}Ia. o epe yerBM'
.ae}I paalvl' peo pyl o}a{' o e .
3IBae rrapy eo eaa. oe .
B aoaIlu peal - aBolvl po.
o ppoI' lvloTBolvtIFeoB I{ Ilar{x , aopo.
o paoo ooIx ypo apoI{' BeeM
lvlylleIlrleo opl:Illex r\epoe.
Coeopao papIae o ye Caaa Broo - eoo o payIoe
peeBeoe' o\ylaBllleo ep ara a.
o' Baeo JIaBIIIeo olvlpeoo
opelvley aylo ]I{BoII' tlo aBIIIeo B Bo.
elvtopeBe llpo3l.reylo aI{oaJr lloy. B orvr
e o ao.o oooo. oeo e.
p o aepoBa oHylo 3aMo eoBela o

. Cgro.

oa.

olt

pooI . epBIx e eo yleoBa' o oppe.

I MooIx ByIII a Ivloalvl )Ieoo ope. B oJlee yae xyorr e pIae BoIo
3 I1o poaor. B ao Mep o
o eM' o oe opo peo opepo poae opa, parr xapaepo JI
oo Ooe oapoBa pa peaTylo 3pIoM
epey.
Heorarr BpaIToIvtyBep)r{elr LeaJIo.
r ola3a oer Brrvl IvIBoI+lee
oppeTI ox opoe. rer or are.
, ooIe p epo Be IBa oop{ee
o aoreo alypo, oI{ BoIIp]vIaIoTlo
a lvIBoJIooo?r{teot o Tea Boporre (a.
rvrpBe.r), aI MBo ap}ro yaa (Carra). Taoe oeee oIooB B oax .eao B
oo' B3aIIo}t 'oprlro eo rrJe' 3a}IeaJI pp lroBaopa BrItolD.
Ha pye*e xlx - . ope oro eIIoBop.
o o eTI. .[ oo e poI ea}IeeIlvI IvI a pep aao. oe.
Ie eeTBa To}ry ooa Iao o
"yp eo oppea Broo' Be' o.
opoe olaa I{a pIapy oy ae}oo
ep..(o. Ho e oo allae. Coeopa.
o opaa B oppeax oa, eerx pex Caaoo praoBIoo parea yo.
o Mya. oeeo a aaa o aM
o. x y.rre poee, 6 o oppe ei'
aE' 3I lvroyeTao po' e}teo 31r, eyoperroe yBBo lvlpI e eae I4'
a?{eoa Be aao r paoaae peo ae.
Tpoe. Taor oIe oepa IIle ap ae.
a' ooIe earr Bae.
B pyreo ' a po TI,'a|<Tvl'v!
a
opaeo
Jlactvfivr, aepo epao
poo {oeoIx eIx ao' poae oo.
r p oo eeoo apr' oopa eo.
ooae a er opa aoaoo'
B o ape' B a}ro}l e e uIBI4aI apax ro aIeo etvraoaoo, o o.
23

Harroare

!,e!*vaDotlIe

aergrr..'

Boo oo ]{o e 3aep po' oa eox eBpox oax opfieBoaa oI\4ooa aa3 oIeoDrIola eep I,ea.
eeo' e ye oI{ oo
ropy xyofieeIx pe. B poeex
ox yoiloB porya pye oolvly
ay )roeo eao' poal3lvl | 6^opo.o. aro oo opafiel{I yapa y.
r , oeIla pxoJlIlvt apyar I.
a pooa og1\oB'pe I BeoB II ox
eeax aapoaIe !a ya... Brpa.
eo e o ?IBoII xapaepIe aoaono eaea epI - eoopMa ea
ypeer 3aI opIBa' oe paI .
ga3lloe ope ppo.
ee aJw|M l{oPrllex rvreaop e
pollBope e o}Tl{tleo poeo opa3oB,
a IJI o opoo ltpa- BIII{N{aI{ opoIo 3e.
I etlatvl r. oaea oaI{ yo
alga pa ooy aopy ooa, op areIlvl
eItvl ea!r. Poore e eoopaIo opo.
oar peo oo. epeae peIaIx
B aI
paaeI{ Bpo - pooee
eoBex y.
Taa Bype oo' elaIa
e6 opaIlocT, vI MoeI apolleo paoe' oaIag eI ooeo a aor.
Earreono o oe pylype' o e ypoleoo'
ya.
Cpaer.r ea ooo, er 6oee oa orr
a)araloT epy arloaor0. e re e ela,
oa pe I4e o yre pyea xlx - )( . Co peee e oee ogo ooaaro .u|vrtl. oo.
r lvtoJI o etvlelof' oa aaTI{Bo oope.
or poo o'( l\ltoex opaax, er
lvl I{Iotvro oypoaoI B lloae ooo
\eI. C pyr gllopollI' poBe oPtx xyofiI{.
o ae o eoc pI1vIIerr opaeaI
o5, co"rerx p/paryI.t iloeB'
Iolopx IBo oerrre JII)ee apoe oI.
o popaer eee eopao aporr.
ooe llyBo pyera xlx - . eo oe.

. Cco. o

o3

B ervr o ool4 oop y)e a r6op o6pa.

3I MoTBo. Heo oooo paopu$tl
yao rue ypa apepa opa .
epa oo oo ro e o3llllo.
oeppy paI o},t peao' oe xyo.
I{I.t l ae oooIe ey |aIMI'oopIe o.
alo ap]ey aoepy yB'
Pa y e' Be Ile ep Iae on
I vtoI { BaI .

pra oo o ypeIr o.
o opaae oJlIIo e pyypl
poee - B oae peao' o e p.
IBa elo' poae eaopa' poo' o Bea o.
ep}aeJlo ooaa opy)re pr. oo.
l e Beae a. reo ee o}to.
I epeae oa 3 arrrx e oo Ce.
ctl - eyree MoJTae eoBela' oo IIe.
IIoo I1r3IIpBIoo pa )I3tI. H oa aoaa Ioa' ae [o Poe, e tvroy o.
epIa oa olvt'or epa o yo.
ro, oopr, ae' Beo oopr
e peooe' o oppeopoae oB.
e eer 3JIae ee plvIy paoy o.
opeeo. }It e oya. oa e e.o B y6ue. aI{ Ila' 6e epepI o ap oee olle' oee IooI' oee yxoBIlI' e{
ee oeo.
oao oe yo)r pyea eoB IIo.
a e ea B ox oorrax eo eopaBtloT. o oeopar apr, yooeo
py. pyere ypI BIIloT a epe
a' aotl o Be popaIITBo llooa. Bra.
e oypye aeoBeex xapaepax epefiax' a peeo cTa!I|4,
o I{ eaIx pepo - apa
ea aeoo o ael (1903). poaoe oparree oI aax' JIIeoo vt uI
oo alvrepIeo eoeo ea' opye
yx x{rx ap ol{aIae peeJTIIo }tlu o.
opee. e oyoBIIo pyoao.
aepao aypo , ya eoa 4oy.
IeBeIIoo papBa' ypoa eoBel{y o opoI
apeIx .
2

aetl...

Tea yI JII.r!IIIo'ee ooea B }Ieoo }rpe' aBea IepoBo ae, epe.

paae 3e B oJr aoay palvry. Ta o.
poa eoee xapaep, or e oo BIIy.
pee poeeIloIl' o otvreil' paer
erooparre, o e epul arpoa. e.
MeII eopallot{' poI1rIBaeIe por*a o o}r ovfitI'ilIr.leI Mooao pyreo epao opaa, o o yeI apytoIvl er apo.rl ypaliI{ - oeopeelvl
payaIx eoeex pae ea. o
opa' err o oe B IIooM eeo.
o ye' pol*.ae e oeIolo oep oo.
Ie}t oocTI g pavo, oevlo
eoo.
Byaa opeeeIlo tvroyeaa
opao apI aeoo oeplBa) ee
Bype ay. poo otvrlIoooo pa
yI1rBI4eo oeae e yIaI}r epea.
lroe o.
a ae yp.Maoo
3BoJIe o)rBoa oe BoefJ rpo aBe
epI' a yorlerrrra opoa a lpo Ia B IIel
oeoGpae oJlroo a. Hera ea oo.
o area po apoe lvtyI M. apora.
Tra repBeog epepaaeT B otvl opa o o

IvIoB

3aII

ooa

. Ceo.

X . o

ea ooo lvloall oalo{x a oe p xyofiIla paerx .

pe.raeo o' a JraI poBeeI{ ooo aepa )I3eIlIe pooIe aaa.
epoe xyo{Irl. oparo Po aI rre.
o y{eyIee 3a paa peaJlIroo, o ae, apo' Bopae eo a oo I.I3poBJIe.
- e ao pa3lro apylo.
Ie o }rpoe paor. m oa o .
a

BIloB

BIlo

3aBe

pa3.r

o ;lIlte.

o o peaBee ooo oa.

Hre, y oee' o eeo
e oee ooae oe rreo xyoee.

o oo, olIlo oIto oeo. Boy.

e ulvt Bolvr a eoea olvto ppor' Ma.
epye oe Bypee parvro.

tlo.

or1eopee aliIoao yr epe aao' oo opoI' B oo epo' pyo -

opaIJltto}r oeBe I,Ieaor opaa opyo eerro) pr oo BooB ape.
Parrpoaa )rorlerrrro eToBr raaur. pe.
epee veJloe.
eo fiepBeono eperr aryI'
eoo )rIIfieI{. B go poepye a My IaoIIaJIIllx pa. Tao e .ryrr oJI]vI lvtoTB'
a eee pap' JrB Ma}r a eo
poooree oooy yxy rrooo xapaepa.
Ta oea pa3IIIx IoBIx o"To
IIpoJIe e oo 3 aBIIIx ap ooo M.
oa 6 va pooly{e oBea arx,e
lvtI o eooe' oI.roeBe o, oopo o.
a o ilepBeo. o o, o e o e ro
5ruar Maeo' BTeTByI eo tvroot!ee aooppeI' B loopI epepIo 3y.
2

oa'

27

H.

' florea
..Caoe peI''.
floa rBo ooo 1900 .

ooe yBo ooe BpeM IIe oo oope.

oeo oeoo a aoaJlIloo xapae.
pa. Capooa yypa' oyB oem aoe

VIII oepoo]aoaao.
"
".'
Ie e ?IBoIIIo,la yBea IoI oa

irv

Ii[opy*' BooI loBpa opooToIIvt pe.

eal\it xyoEeBeoo pea. o ro yo'
oIee a pep xyoeeo por, pooopr o
y a tvrooyJlypo e, a
r oxorr orpIe o 1v1.a y.
""*" oae 3aMeaeI B.eBoi\4 ea.
ypa
o. oa o6eIx ellex 3al1pooB' oaaul paBl{oyIl opo a]re pel,t o ooule yo o.
poea oa pxoa Blvtee xyo.
oopIx paIa paoy oa.opaa'
poe op ore aaI. Ta ye B
IIoJIoe yBo Iloeeo poIaJI Ioe epoee, aIlll opao, I]raG{e opa''.. C're.
BeIIIe epe}teI aT)rII o Bopo ooe XVIII .
Bo pIvlJI IIpaBeI{ Caaa Aya ooo
(L764 - 1795). I(opo, p'aa oroe aee e.
}ty' lro ro ao yTypo yotvl' oa
opl o a yoJra' o.
apaBIe

M. oea.

..Cr.oe

e''

o) aao opeeIl\ xyofl(eeIDl y.

a - alt' a Haoar
ye Aae
IIlIx y' opa ey) JIey IaIoIx
xyo)o' ooBllol o r rropaI' pe.
eltIe ory, oopIe oI r o5rv''
",'"yIee ooee - y]r o - xyofio.
Ha arreree pae oo rol!
peaIlvl op ao tIoB III.
LI oPrlle e or.
(1795), paeee
paa ore oyapBeo
e ee Me?Iy }rolIlvl oe}l: Pocctle, pyce
Ape aI4 po yox epee o6e.
eo.or,reo pyype or oeeo
opall a aoao eao. Ha ycBo e ale aJIBaIILI polle
o, oa.
o..pe ep.a X,,,oepfia oal{e
eo a. oo opaao I{oB orrr poa.
e HTepe poony paI' ee ppoe' o.
opeaeo}r oopy.
Bo opo ooI{e XIX o ro o.
pea lreBl{aoe o 00 aee arap aoI{aJIo.I]roplteo eivra. opeIa ,Io' oa.
ay oJII.IaBIIia IopaBlloIo r.Iarro.
' oa Boer0 aeT?Illoo ao'e B BeItx o.
oHax a Mao' aBI e poTo opoo peop1e co6tl, a opoor eeDI IIpoIo.
r.o oI, oeerrrr B yly)' ot{ I'eccw'
peJII]Iy opy. Tpveo Mao - xo1IIoJIe cBvr
oolee e ro oao peIvIM - oeeJIo lBoII, opo pI B ool yq 0To.
wlac Bopoea po o toIeIo py[I]vl B}ra}I
ya ( orr pee err), a ro pa .
..aoaof''
..eoro''.
yBa

eyroe oo.
e xyorroB' oaa ..Hooe yBo''' ylo
pepao TIvloo3oa.
ao yep 1893 oy' o oe.
paoo ra opol Mapaoo oea pao.
e - aBoI oea lpoa; C aeo paoa er
Jrlle : Caa Brrr Iil *r e Mae.
o poee - pepaa $ypa y oxo'
oopo o}rpoBa apr rvraTep' yolt{' o..lvtooI''
opoe ao e aBaJIo
- Mooo orrre.

oep, ooe ygo' oooe ycBo eIo' o a aa Pa' a oxa oep.

a BoI ooo". Coarle IIoB3III m.rtra ocle.
o o op ya e g e oIlll'
..loept''r. Hor re
y o gop r.r paIe
oa oaao o' o lvrooo aa aI oI!.
e }foo)eee e coJIIo ooe' IoJIo eo.
r0 xyoeeoo apae. eo a' o yoeoo
elye eoo oB ao Ireo
.kooo'', ee
.oo'',
a ele ore
opao, a
aypo. y.
oole-IfaJlo
paeJlo
..oolFtrIt.t'',
e
yye
t89 opeo' ee
eEIIIa ollolta e oo aaae' o oeIJr'
IIaJI)y eoe, ompre oolo otlIleilr
ltooo: e' ilIl3llerry y' ooo.
Corr oJI rcyIo lt'oo yepJra y laeca? yg!ye}r JI }rI y ooo o x op?
Iloere ooe o.paoy' B aI.t!oc r xyorreceIlD( ptropeo' gapa ooo.
e yBcly
peIeclelo'
rro
Caln
Io!a.teIt.

x
e rr rr:rraea'
e
aaapgI'
pyJlpoBa
a
o6pao
*geq
.
or2
're
Mooo
B
JIo
pep}eJl
ta^I{e
orrao eopt ygBa' paapa ry aoxy e
opaae peeo ueperI' Iaao' pae.
g ee yerere oeo ooo .tepeo.
llo!! l,folea''3 . y epey tle IaI{
patepy.
yo aa Eo pyea eo
,.e.
ya3Iae Ira opa}mey oeto opay }o
tll''. Bea rra, aop rraoee oo yoom
ceoa o ye oo pere' oaIa' :o
.o oep
p e aJIaI{ looo
.Ee
oao alo yore aox' aIlae
e (. .. ), oa a 6 oelf)poa.
errar
or e o)r,n (paIeIle aIe ,lgI yJIy.
p eIl9/Tlaoo ea' t) ile per ypoBae
oe ooIleo o, o ogaoo eo
oe parro parrrl eaJlo oaeo x Jece.
y orrro''4.
Taa eppga p(operr .lryoo yo pecae.
petrIr aoJlItr,llo}tr' eapa
rooo .
loltop

x o rrye' og
or rrr
fl'pye
I!tI'
oo
aEc aao
80

pa3I.r. Hapyree 0r opa }leg oI{ aoo.

ee oe. Pa] o go' aop lll4}se
..He
pyex JIo aea:
eyeaT' o aa
paoa Ifepeyloleo a epoa - BeI4e eo
porr ga' otlo aBepIel, pIae e)
ae a. oop ele pa: roe e oae.
o ofie r a oaee etloc
Bopea. ae roJlotlee pee e I.
ealo eopeeo yepe' tl (ooe .
yo) e op.nae (oo 0)',6.
a, oy oeo cl'tlclo o
IIox' ofiIlo ro r Iaa: ..I(arrre yep' ta,s.
a oe IIae B IIa yer e 3''6. I(a.
rvr r o lreo I ya oo
peMeII' m ooo eIII' oopa orropeeo r
oeIo' e eo}t' a opee rrao? B op ya
oee ya ..Eoof'', ..oooo', Be.a eo
xapaep ao' ar aaoll3tvla. o oIlaao
pefie eo poooaee }roooo aoIeo
apotvly poIolvly' Ceoao' opeeee cI1c.
TBa Ia ..ooor,'JIe oJro oeoIl' o
por poBolloael{tvt' orrro orrpartr7 .
B oorvr yBe a pye I )( ea II/T B
IIepBy oepe poBoIIoaBeIr poIo}ry' ctopvI'
op3lvly' o' poe' poopye aa oxa' oapoaa oeo rooo. o t cectti
a5'ao kIcTopuwIoI{oo ya IX ea BJI.
e To' o Bo3I{IaIe poope a)Iy Bpoe
r eoI}t' aeop
paeal
pa orivr epa. To e ooe opIl4y y lra' oop oar Caaa B, Io
..pae
yoreeoo eea aeBe Ba}I{.
ere oao a (ya)''8. o pa.e
yeree, To ..ooe yo'' e opIae ..oo
o',, a alte o oaIee ooe yo po.
.ofiao oaa o Ba LIcTopuIo o aaJla
)o( .9- o6a, :o eo oa' B xlo pyea
oe poolvt }tIe' poIIIJIoe' ToeIee a.
oPrtvryBo1\4XI oe' )rTpao oro eop.
pyy y. o aalolee Be ooo B
o' o op3lvl oo }Io r e oo
aerp, p5e elvtae' o)y 'rftl ctt.vIcTvIo Tpal\rlpltl', e eIo ro r pepe o lu
31

aT,

..tuoepa'' r0. oprvr oxoJr yrrvr o.

oa opea - o opee l\4eo ya
epap eo' Tar opao, eo poooo]l.
o r aya' poo oa o op.
eo e}ta B IIoy oIcata ope}vreo'
pooooo o otvtae ya a
aoovrrro oa. Haoe BIpaeo o Mo,Io
oaa a pep Maeo, Boe e a,.ea .
opeo e}tI'' JI xyo}a.opooa, o a
BIpae opeeeIx B3oB IIa yo' e o
olyla Boe ao. Barer eo ro rre
yTo' e yoeeoe Eaao. B oorr ore.
eol\lt o3l{a yo - a p Ia e oJIo o
o' o o o xyolreBeI{o}r opeBe - ao oprrlao a aea oyall . Moo ae
aaT' .ro Maeo oaeo oIa3IBa o xyo.
eeoc. Haoee po o m eeye eo
..
e oal o}roI
oeoe IaIBae:
Ile IIy oao luoey oaIo of' T0 oae
xyoileeIloe oBepIetso opaa. Me IITepey
..yo
eI opao oee BarIe...''12.
e3 oe.
JI o ro Poe'', - yIa o olvt yea.
yo oaaJlo eo peBolvl oT)Ie
..oee
aIx Bee'', e aogltoeo eo)' a
yrreo' oltoaeo. eo po otvra
ao opoeeo po yTBa' a e oo po.
B coplleo etvla ono' BI/o e.
yIee ooee.
po I.ra' o lepeor o}ra|Ivwl cya xyoeeoo aaa aI aBotloo oa.
Io.
a popaal\I.I aypaex
eo oa r pooaIe aPrapI oy: e
Jr Ba}Io,opaa xyo'{ arooo o r.
.o''
3o.
of,r vr lday, oparor pey. Bao e
pafieo a ape , a,,al.1,', a)a e ea' a xyofiee.
opa. Hol oxo e oaa ee oo
oe yBa Po' a ayIIBIIIe epeeI
.o'',
..IaI''a
e eoaIlt llpoooaJIeto:
poooaBJlelrtro' Bpoe' o3aeIlo ypoIeo.
My yppoaoy13. B rro 0o Bpee oa.
Iae oT oo oa. oooree y.
a o exyoeBellIx y poolrro e y.
r ypae JItl ga rDgllop aaa o32

ol pea!{ex' a oo}r gerle popa

fin-d-sicle' a e' ar p"e Maeo oto
ye e oeo peoppoa et Io e e.
ee B lree xyo{eceIx ottola. y.ro m
e oo}ry' o ..aa ayao pya op' l!o.
p a oa yB llapoe, t{Ix lt to.
e Ix epeB attt, vlc opll a tvlooae
aep''15. Heoro ooo ya a py6e.
)I(eBeo aaI e B oMIILtpo,aIT|tlttJIvr
paa.
Ilo 3}Iee xyoeeIx po' a peoo.
e JrTpeeo poBope efi..'lo'' ..Iat'';
IBaIl y ye opxtaIatl. vr op, epe.
ee (oy opeeee Itepoo) ..o.
e oae' toopIe a IaI a yeo
oae eore eo'', .\too ya'''u. e.
o xyoileBeo oplI IIe B)rIIa oI{I o
aeoIo oepfialr. oaoo afiIIo ro
.o'',
.,a''. a aoee po poe}IBae
opee Bx rreto ao: Caaa Br.
oo ea aeoo. BroI - B apo.
a Bpafia Baeoo oopa, .oopre
oo pao ee oaopgo opyey
y otTL\',LI' B oope, a oo BIe'
oopo opeer oe opo' Br o
pafiIlIx oa olaa x eregeIe y.
pr, a r oaIe po. o ropyIe po.
eee' o e pe e etolee pax e
oJIIo B IIoo yqBe oo BpeIvIe. Pa aI{a
opeea opa eea e yolt opo.
oo teeivl poIo. A Mae axo.
oBepeo }IoBIe' ollee
oor opa.
,IeIlr Ioao rvrappoo' eIa p a.
ll cltlpcx IIx 14 lvry opea' oe
..Bex
MJrrle xyoo'' - xep t ap6.
I epa c6vpctlx oeee. Haoaoe xy.
o)eoe epa eIIINII'.,Hoa'' oprvrIe oIlae oaa o aoaro e}ra.
.(oaaeolvt peo oo o'
ee aooeo' orJro a pa orr I .,
Be pee Beo eorao ylee xyoile.
eo poea. oapa aepe oo
]lo' lvIIBlvI yo' ypyIe )I(.
' aIleoe tvrotvr' tvIoooooe aoa.
33

Har{rroare

e,lapo

aer...

p I{ I xyofi eeIlvt 1't'1.aolvl o.

oeeoe e-1.o oI. o yo
"o,p"*"""o
3B}I oI yo aopo}r' oe oopoo e
oee xl4lvt' aeIM, eIlvl. Taa xye
oirecea Ieo yo}lIJIaeylo
aato ro oa XI ., 6aactlprore
rope Iy o3olvt' peo3lvtolvl, c|fiIvl _o o op
ar{e oepa' eIee g
fiovlcI oToaee
e peeolvt op a eo
o a,
e
ooeo paopevt
*.,"p"o,.
yBa
alvloeo
o ooIe .ola3aeBa
peoae ailra flo' a oyyra
pa eopeee popaI. o 6r oe
epo' oa 6ore pl.roa' e eopeI{poa a
elvry fiI{otc. ctl oBop o popaIx aBe.
' o o opee e eI' a aptlI' ae' a' ap.M","xo'' ..opor pyc' Maeoo!*.
'"p,
epeo oe' o ooa' opoele o
pa' apao paI o prrIx
po opare' opaa{e popae.
o leo eIloI' e}I e MeIIee ey.
I oe apo oopaeo opye, oao
oopo opaee aepo yorra JIeT
aerpelvl Ipa}ee eo o a yo.
o opaeoe gooee oaopa ooeoo, xo o e yleByrore B oIorvry.
Be'pall'peaeeaI4IvrITToIvtalIIIvl
epoa.
are o oo..opor
.Meaxo''
py'' - To arr'
ro a.
oo
oa5, epIe poee
..Eo o Bo'', o
oearleo"o *.paepa'
pepy aBoivraTo rrpoI' peeolvl oopo
oa ata19.prr oeo.opaIlIx apaeetlBoIlae e opleo o oo. .{o
3oo pee poea I4paypo.,IBorrtx oo.
orerrr,r oolvt ryBe e Ixoa a pa e.
eIlr!lex e, poooo xoBa' Io3oll}la
or ooaeo )tBoI] I . poer
peooe eooo )IBoIrxopao llepea
BaIvroB
I o Bpele opI20. B oe B.
..poeIl\yBa'', a a3IBa ]IBoe]y
vrc g o3' e oJIIo .rperao pap' o
popearo oIe paoopale opr.
34

. ora.

..Cat.oe

De''.

papopaeo
Haoee
opo aIvloo.
ore, oeo fie' oae eopeer
t.
pe epaypIM
IIoI1FIe}r ea. Ta, ap.
..!
}rep' aaI
eI apr
peor
Ioo'' Boera
(o oe Mapea
oa)21 Lt*a',
oy (o oe a apoBwna)22' ea
}rer.
aeIoo
opeI}rl{
y ooa
ea
Ata, eapoa,
o, Coaoo.
3eo, a..oBoo
oe' aee
floelvl Coaoo
eo
ya''.
B o per oe
e ore ot{Ix ooe' oopIe ye lre oolvt eivro, a Bo.
}I apoee
opeIall B IIa epaypIe
po..ap
vIBeevr, a' ap}rep'
apa
aea

paIao apa A.
aoepy
.{ya'', ooaIa
o2, ll. poalol
raIe
otl ce acroaaea
o otvre Maaplre2a. poe.
..Hop''
,IBa' poe oo' pa3oo6pare
oI
accuIvIg'tl xyoEeBel{Ix
peB Ix BI1roB y. o
tvto r ae'
oepfl(ae B aax'
p}Ia.
rre o tvII poaelvt ta)atvt, aI ."Totenmesse'',
rr1 opTpeotvl Arr poao.|a26. py
aa
e oepa aor orl'
e JIITt
alvreoae'
o alo y
afie oglrlleI

IIoI:IlIeoo aooo
BoIIp. apI{I' a
,,t
Pllo'' Maeor26'
JI{oI{o.paypa
oro etvIaTIt aoo
BoIa oxo
o BI.
'
poa eo a, eo
orx e}r' opeooeIx Bolpy l\4ox
opao' ax aI ett.
',|1e6o, M27,Bea oe' a ppoe' a I3.
eoea.
Ceye a)e aa o orx
poax,
IIe MeII{x I{IlFIeo oro eopeeo
}a&uIc.
..ea
}roI o olleoo ea' a' apep,
..ropr
o opo-yxy''
Caaoo28

e3aI'' Bea, oopx ..opye

oee MIlee
Ba oeoaeo
pao ee
| T|IIa',29.
e IToTlIlIoT arae
e B ooeeorl
eM
I{Ilvl epaypI
poBeee}t'
a prM.rIeI{I{
oI{J' o }ItBoIIoo ooBe
oeo.
y apoe.
o Bo lloo
pMepo'
B.
yIx
o ol' o {to ooo MoepI{I{3.
a oae e le eoaoo
e.oao
oa.
}Iox pyo yoBlvlIx aoa,
poreI

35

oa3lro By a eppop' oopIe alo

c y,{I' eooBeylo${lvr aoo Ba
$oB
oa
ya' I}r ]eae}t opr
Ix pe' eooo peooe opa.
err lBoIIoo pylvleap30. Taor oIT11

3yaaIt oo' o eaepao' eeeo

3pee' opao
e}{eIlr
I'
BoIIpIo
oyo
yT. Taor o yIao.)IBoIIIx IBaeo.
o B oM aIIpaJIIr' BIxoI a pa eao oro arr a pa ef,, ae.
Ix poee ep (po.re}r' Bevla IIa.
.t pya BapIax xyo*I{o), porap.1*opax'iflae1la'
oooo, o3.
a
peaalpt oy.
pepoI
reIlll
eI{or!l.
..95ra'' ]o I ap
trg
,lltoo. oroo xyo}ra oilroopa H. rope.
ooa olteI paBailt o.
a. o
'lI{BoIIIe
poe aeo orao opI: allegro
xo
yaIlvt'
_

Cm
finale32.
sherzo
arrdant
e.
e acoo popaIvrI xapapo oTalo

ooe.
oaIe
Bea,
Boexa
apI
topI
}Iy3IaHIIvtIlt BIp a IlIlI}r pe a :
cTtg,:,|*I
aNl
Jtaolt' poDr' oao' eTo a,aI1vl
..oo.
11
largo
at\

opr
8opo' apl\ep
..Cpaxo,, t|Jwt o p]vlpoa.
yxo,,, presto
ryp, pa.
III olvto tfiIL.Iepe oarer
..MyIaoy'' p.
aory.y
oao
aIe
..op}tto'' ..Tae''.
t{y3 , a
paIIlIx B,o
B orBaopooe
tllye 1oo' oeo' o xapalTepoo e ox
o.
pee rrTey' o IvtBoeoo rre
yoopoy
prvI
p
olvl
pl
3I{' ltorvrcI }ry3I'

Bo
aepo Gesamtkunstwrka.
opoa'It.I{
poeay,
xyoreey
ayay
BeIa
IIt{, oe arro e }tovla oa
a.
oo
ee eBa y ra ooa'e
ar'
op
p
xyoeeIx
oap 3IIaIo oBpelvteIx
..aLr.lee pa
t{o' aI o6pao, oy' o
.ro6r oopl.r evla.
oaoo opeJl oo'
(or x 3la)''35.
BIpaEIr
op
"."u"""*"
..oo,'"o'' ..y3IaoT'' ?IBo*
*pu*,,"*",
EaI{.
oo petvle olaaa ooo peooe

poIe opa}ile' oa o peIe ae)p Ipooo aaoa - o aa aoa o a.

ollpoll poea ilreoo opa o]lIc
popaBellx
pere, oxoa o paolt oopa, eopa op o eodraoo ooa
o IBoIx ail{e rrpyear
cpe.
rreI o}ropl\ a ee op}r!lo
epeI' o oa,e' o opeo pa{pe
p opaeoo ya ra e oo pe.
ar'e a xyoeceIe oyll oo peeIII{' o
epo B op oo fiI!o oro peaJllitoBa eTapIe eopeee eI' a oopI ooIBa.
JI paoopare oe aoIl y.
e Il Too xo ap op ..ut pitura poesis''
..ut pitura
musia'', o ae BepIe pooJlaIaeoe
a aoo ea*le pu6ua oo peerx ee tyBa' aoo e nopaIlea
e oyleBe l{eBo3ooo.
re o poeIII{e lloaopa ooo
oo )fit.IBoIIa py6ee IoB' Ioopoe eeJIye o JIeo py xyoeeo epoe.
o poelatl' gaJlo yaoee opeoo aoa ao pal7e. o pooIo oo o.
e I B.' oIoJIIy )rloBaIe o aoo Bpelvte
alleIe Tpa.I aaa oe eo-pltlvIe ea Cepaoo
p I4 Ivroo ca
Bope aoolvl. Bop alto olvl
oepl{ol' rvtelIttloe oeoe eee pa.
aypto' oo aao 70.x . or ao
BoIIpo Moooo eoo: ..Ceye rvte eaT
aee eI kuILI'eT?',,oo rreoo B.
e poe Broo ..apooa'' aBI{oo
oa. Bopo: ..peBeT IrryIe?'' ooy xy.
ofiy opara arro' a He l{aoao e.
ae' BoI{oBaJI xyofia B eee 30 , a pape.
I opo eyo veei tllrLIlaItIBI
oo op' B rro epe aI{TrIrIo po.
BJI paI oprax: oo opoI' o llppoBalrIe opaa apao o3 BI{e Ma.
eoo' po - peoe Balxee
opooI Bea. Heaoe pae B oo y.
..oltee
e
ooI.FIe tvtoo ao oIvlofi.
I o plle oee al.lllog (arvr opa.

. orea.
Har'oa""o

..*yapoe

ac.

ey
arap
o JIo) o o alloT'
opI.IGIey
ypaT
BoIo
eep.

aIII1t!Io
IIoBI
(...). Bee e Ta o3o]
IrpoBaIItIo
lvtoI.tBo B popae
epeele
Ireppea
epea oIIp pe}re''36. To art' o alllrlltlo
BI{eaoo
tvra ootseT aPrlleo
o IrIIlo.
ooeIo
oo6Boa
oe'
lvlo.
apoIx
ee
luoep3lvla
lc ooo
Bo o cr4coI eei1i oo a.E x}rep' a o
o.
aa o3o3ro oo aap
Taoa
Ivrele B oJI ea*' o a]e opo-a.
pe.
pelre
orre. o
oIIaIlI
oa.
aoap
peae.
rloo-ootlee
,IBo.
B
oo
Maeoo
ea
o}ly opey
..pa5/te
*lcrzico -lEt(eae
olpyloT.o
xe.
eoeo''3?,
a, apaII{e
p -.hore
o oor oep3la.'38. Hap5l
rvr yIeTyIo eirrlllIe' ovre paor, Jloaro.
epeo.
o oepe
{e e oJIo l{Jlaee'
..Ile'',

Brof
:rwIcpaJJr
I' ap}lp
yr,rerro vepe apxapoa[
o"rrop UI}raIIoB.
B IIoJIolvl Iy.
vIJIYI.roI.fe
e paoI'
tvtI' o.
aooo
B pivlep .4aoa peeao
oI arr.ro lylrypo
errre xpae
olvloa' lvtcIre||I.Ll vr eoorvr .e:lg oa
..Aoo
- .
Bea' apMp B BIIpae Bror
ea ldoepla.'g.
el ao paoe ro ya ox
y
3ao Beo JIuI a Ba: B3aopotloee
aIrIlIIloT{' a a o aoee
Bope
6etleo .oaIBaIq BIyr e e' o aoro.
eHI{e oo rro a pyerre
IIo ooIlaIloe
a.
poeay
Bo oBpeley xyoeBell)r

arap opare e pyry poe,

o BoIvror

oopIe' rrol1t3}re popea o}4e [oep.

e epr, oppoa epoeyro xyofie.
IIy TpaI B e eox oe. Aa
ax xyo]reeIx pe *I,tBo' a ope
popaceoe oIlo3oo orpoe}Ie ap.
I{I' oo6r reopao o r oaa' a }to.
IrDI{ oo' o ooo ye opeeo a..o.
oe'', oxpa aeBo ItoI, Io, o Jr' oyle.
cBee oflo. o oa paee B oo yge
38

..Ca,r'oe

De''.

e peaoIao poTo I{e lvroopea3oBa.

Parapae}ra epeI xyo}eeo pa.
' oa }Io IIox D{oeplr3lvla ola3Iae
e oo yo oaopa epeJlolvla' oo
peo paI{oB. peo' apa{oo oee.
arore oIvtofiIroIoaop a' a ae paBIIoe
ey oaeBalvr B oTIloIe aoaIx lo.
BoB .r yo}r'', oBeo paei v
lyaIll' oIINII pyx xyoEeeIlIx
..EooIo''
..epaTypo'',
e:po' efi.y

..o
lvt
aTopo'' I.IBo3IvIo)Ioeo o3TI{BIIoo o.
|IpLITI..
erro o paoBee oBoo roo
}ItBoI4 Bo Bpea epeDlelr opa o eLrr.
tlo' o oee e ea yaBao.
Baer apyerra}r B oJIy ea' o
oI{a ]IBo a pyerre BeI{o epefiaa Boe
..aBoe
BpIvI'',IoT1a apTII aI
ooIee. o Maeo a' o o oa .ooao-opaeIe
epeoI elvr e pa.
o r ooBa''4o. oe Maeo oo
]l{o afie r oa er p Ix eaIx opao, xo o e r poBee oHoo xyoEI{I1rI{a.
o l opar, poo yopIrBIII.
oo}r oa B lvtooao epe, oopIe oae opIa alvt Ie ep.
y' o paBle yy oovla eI o poo
e}Ie: 3apoIe Ivr opao ape BopI' paaxaIe o' opooe eo, pyo oao y
opol{a' aI oeer}I Boarvr epeBe' Txe eepa opy oale a}II' aoe oJIe a
epae' epa Bca, oee paoBe 6yapr ar y}raI oepa Bae. Coo o.
Be Ta ..oeolo paaa''a1 .oIa I
o-peEey lvl:
pey' oopo opo '..o,
Ta, a BvIt|Tc' e ee }Io.
epo H.Mpooo

39

Harroe

euqIlvaDo.tlre aer...

pearl
l orroo opl op o .or/'a omrroc Drea
epoeroryrrypr cr.:Curtius R' uopean Literatue and
the Latin iddle Age. New York 1953' s.162 -166. veprI.
..or''-..a.
tola Jlrpaa' aaa ao
pre'' oep r.: Skomska . Sp6r o staro2ytno56.
Prolemy malrstwa w .?aralelah'' Perrault. Warszaw, 1991,
s.44, p rz y p . 1- 6.
2 Strzemirtskl } . Bi l n s mo d e rn i z mu . [w : ] t en2 e. P i s m a , o pr a .
Z.Baranowiz, Wrolaw, 1975' .1 19.
BCp oea ree pee paIIIIJIIIo ..peo.
I rlloea', - Jlleta C. Stuleie plastyki olskij.
"Prawda" 1901,nr 3.
aJuszczak L.alarstwo polskie. odernizm, Waszawa. 1977' s.10.
5Jw., s.11. orroo6 oa .Iropeor: ..He oe yee
oepa oae peor eom o.
oe rya IlJrarpr'' (oepn ioep.
r...'.41).
6Richard, J,P. L'univrs imaginaire de allarm, Paris, l961, s.156,.
o aaJlory Ia ..\ilkrggu ..Chimery''. Sztuka i literatura
polskiego modernizmu, Warszawa, 1980, s.13.
?T opao, apep' aaJlpye yo }oo pee
..Dziejeztuki polskiej'', Warszawa, 1987' s.195.
J.lowski
8Witki'tlliczS. Aleksander Gierymski.
[w:]S.Witkiewiz. Pisma zerane,
2, onografie rtystyzne, opra. .olszanieka, Krak6w,
1974,s.364.
9Juszczah l. alarstwo... s.45.
l0Coo, ooarroe A.epr.
||Juszczak l7. ..IVllarstwo...''
s.39, przyp.65.
|2Tarnouski S. Matejko' Kak6w, 1987' s.466 (ap rae a yoe ooGulee rreor')rea 3 ao).
|3olszni'ckal. Wstp. [w:]S.Witkiewiz. Pisma zebrane, 1' 'LIII.
la o yeoa aeo ye ooo oepIvra'
Juszzak. alarstwo..., .43.
15Jw.,.45, przp. 80.
|Zromski S. Literatua a 2yie polskie [w:] ten2e Dzie|a, t. 4, pod rd.
S.Pigonia, Warszawa, 1957' .86.
t1Juszczak l/. Malarstwo..., s.86.
l8rrepparr A. araoo aaoe r ..Poaa
aJlepe ap Pavoo'', Poznati, 1997' No215 Ns218.
|9ohort w. Sztuka i narraja. o obrazowej narraji w malarstwie polskim
II polowy XIX wieku. Wrolaw, 1988' s.120.
2Poprzgch, M. Czas wyoa2ony. o sposoah opowiadania w polskim
malarstwie I wieku. Warszawa.1986' okori, op.it.- Tn2e.
Sztuki siostzane. alarstwo a literatua w Polse w drugiej
polowie I wieku. Wybran zagadnienia, Wolaw. 1992.
2'Juszczah l,.Wojtkiewiz..., s. 139.
22oyoao .Xepe'' ropllIl1tll oy. Cp. Katalog
wystawy Symbolism in Polish Painting 1890 - 1914", The
Detoit Institute of Ats' l 984' Ns39.
zilPo E.A.,,Th l,nd,er'sCottag',por. Symolism in Polish Painting ...,
Na44.
2,Mallarm S.,.La uierg, le uiuac, et l bI aujourd'hui,' po. Symbolism
in Polish Painting ..., N443.

40

2.3
Juszczal t7. lody Weiss, Warszwa, lg79, rozd.2.
2Juszczal I7. Malarstwo....
s.62.
27Ha o6par.lv
oGpaae iae A.opaa, o
o/ Symolism in Polish Painting..., s.2E; Jnkowilr
. ..Mlodopolskieniebo''/ Mlodopolski iwiat wyobaini. Studia
i sej.red..Podraza.Kwiatkowsk, Krk6w, i9??, s.9s_ 132.
3ECp. parre
la o ,lo..,o"',, "o.*.o._L"k;i;
pejza2u wedlug [Kr6la Duh] [w:]Ikonografia romantyzna,
Warszawa. 1977,s.299- 321.
29Juszczah l lody
Weiss..., s. l8?.
,'{)oveta3.o
o poorrppoaJlta epap.
o ee BaIae: ..Boy Mooa ora'' (1974);"l;.
|tlcrIaBBr' o.yo'' (l9?6), ..B pyy ...
e:" yo epaypa oloo opa''
(1979/80).
x|GoQb . Sonat slofa
M.Ciurlionisa. .Artium Questions'',2, 1983,. E5.
.|Jw.
.t..Juszzak.
lody Weiss ..., c.76.
.}a
ltao Ia ..B pyy ..rrpr''...,
.34.
''"Juszczal }.alrstwo.... .54.
||6
Nowalos|ea.SiloN. i9dz Wawelem a Akroolem. Antyk i mit w sztue
polskrej p.rzlotnuI i xx wieku. Warszaw, 1996.
'',Upeee Tredim (. ruer?), ..Aapxr
tlI''
..Roztrojowy
i zamgtowy''/..Chiera'', , tsoz, z.17,"s. 299.
.epa
''.
Upee}le

L;eoIoo,

a oa

oI

Itoo.

o oep,'/..Przeglqd
Wsp6lzesny'',45, 1933,132, s'
35 - 67.
'|9Noals|za-Sito N...Apollo - system Kopernika'', eoae o
pa Broo, ..F'oliaHistoriae Artium';, 29, 1993,
s. 151 - |67, -I{. .Czerni..Apollo''Stanislawa Wspiaskiego
dla Domu Lekrskiego w Krakowie, ..Foli Histori,; i;;:i
29 , 1 9 9 3 , s.1 2 9- 1 4 9 .
a,|Porpbshil. Malowane
dzieje, Waszawa, lg62, s.l70.
o|Milosz Cz. ."Traktat poetki''
(1957).

4l

.Taaaea. .[ooe peti rrpae ea Mexo&gg

. Tarraaea
,oo epee pae
a exoepa

..,[ooe epee
Haa aogly a
pae ea exoepa,', e aBop 6pae, aep.
oe, ar poo }, 1.gfi51opaI{ poeay
B
II IIo y a : o 6 r e o o e o e ' a o a o e'
I4Tpa.
oo }lyge pyea BeIo. .[eeo'
exoepa' epy oepe eo pyp ,
oealo e o pyre orro opallrllrro' x
..ooe ilIpee'' oae a r ao o. lre
o a, o oJI Mexoep oa apToIII Be.
aa opo}tI (paa epo roy) oo
re.
ep' are s1924 . aepaI}r oopo
}Iea
oaa,
apolo aloa' oopr xoJI
a pyp, a r g Beeolu oo' o
o opeo Io 3a llpee pya oeo
oo yyp. Itoe.ro, o?o Bopa' o
IloJloe yo JIe, a ea o'
eoerro a ya aIlao.epoeo.

Ho Mexop oIIJIoll y e) epy a}rvtopII

eapr
pl{e)Ia
opao: o
eopee
! a r0o Tee opoa e (a.ra 1897 oa),
y.
po e oIe al}o rlpalar' e o r.ra
a
pae
I{3
erl)
oe.trrr
oopa.
B
ola
aoI
yr

ilroa)e
p
pyoa
ea
xyo}u
1936 . (,p6yp epor pp B'o',""
''). Co a:er oe paopyo pa
12

eeoT ax ox aepo' oee t{ e.

ee oqoo po]raIx xee ape
opeTeo Bax atoItl yolll' a
oa oaag IJIBaa Ce,
too.
pr r.relro pyr o.AeII' J.aoa ee .
aax' r ao o e apro yoeeo
o. B o pee 1891 o 1896 . pala a e.
xoep, o ar Ceor. Ho optl
o p6ypx paax' o pe e o6 lof,tt{yat{'
olla aae. e ot{o araa pao. He eee .
o, olre r' ol4eI.a p}ro Btl oo.
o aepa (o ava paoy a,r{apoa Bpaa
Bopae 26 e, ere B 6ro yo}l apro
IIIoI eopaBlloo y) a reapoe xyo.
eeoe opy}ree, o e o oaao o.
aoo I poo oe rpo.
.{eeo' a or paor ,{pa,la}I
opy Mexoepa oI{I{a ea Ioa eIx a.
epoB' oaBe oopo rvtIlt eIpe. }te
oaoo orIx yeI xyo}rHoB.Bpafio'
oopIe BoIIpI1!JIL|x cTuI B IIIpo oxo p
xapalgep ooerroe opao er Mxo.
pa. o aae oIIo3oI pe}IoB' ottopa, oopl{a - o,ay, ao o opoI
opea ooo xyo}ra. B oe ae' oBreo oy eoey, Bep Coepe aIae }tea J{daa apa e aer, opye apa, Paoa ya 1.A yyr aop BeIx pae ep.
Hop-.{a }Iee, Aeap pa (Cingria),
paa' o paor Mxoepa 6ptol pe.
al lvtuyo eo opare ao epe op.
eBa 2' o oeYIJIIIpfi }t poe ex e yBa
Mexoepa' a oopre oro yIaIBaI Be eoae - peit eopaBlrr ap ooplleoe
aepTo' - afie pylee xyoy xapaepoe
..opao
oeel{I{e
apoo''. Bora a oop oae ..aoo-o ea opa.
oIrvt 3e}I oatvr aro'' B pae xo..o
aep o6eooa'' (1897), Cpa oepa
l4e ele oy ooeo' ayl o areoore: t{o aoe oo exoepa o e.
rrtee .Iae B o pe yT'a I oaae
..y
po p,'' aoo epooo ya'
43

Haore

c,lapoI

a I-

JrpaIeO lvtooao xoy cL1 cTaB.

Ieo golvr ae o opar}t' o oo..yxlvt'', eo
ao
oa, o ero Cpa,
oar p3.
Ta opao, rop o pypopr e M.
oepa, tvII}roe aroa paae ee a JIa.
ax o3aBaeo pa o yypI pyo a.
, pyo par, B olvt ooI lao o
ox xyo,Itl]tloB' opelrx Meoepy, oEe
}t oepa' o pyer eIoB - o o Bpelu' oa
poxo oe rr 1raaI.Ioarr y.rr.
rypr oe. (Ca Mexoep ara ap..o eer Po'', xo cvIawvr yI r a
oo aoao yypo y*e, a o.)
oay, ao 3I{ lvlofiIlo ro I }IaBa
ele ooo ooo xyo{a - epr,raa Pyrrla,
oopr, 61tvolvt 3 5r11 lerrro yr
[Iepypro aaewr yo}r' e oo xo
.lVlpa
yBa'', o r 6pa veEIo}I er paB.
oTaB
e. a er pye oerl, PyIaTtsoa B a.
oell oorp pyor ya' vraeol oopo.
a.
o aIaJI eo,.le/' 1897 a e rpao o]l' ,{
Be, e o IpaJIopol{y po pa oooo yypI' Pyu aIIa a.o B eB
(oopr, aIo opIoB ll}ya' Be o a
,re prypo' a Mexoep)' o e]vtyr o xoeo'
or Eypa.Mp ya'' BIxo Bapura, a...
eeppe...u
epa'' y]r y BIoI1r:
Bopara ao Me, oiueM' o Me.
oep e Jrao a opae BIto ,{3
repo xyoreeo IoI: Ha.o 1rr1161ga''
ooeo Too opoo yypoo eTpa' pe
oopr o BoIII..{pe pyp r opoo
o aoeo pae, eo a3IBa ae
..reap Po''. e ele Bo Bpeea aa
perTlo3rx o VI . ra ooaa e3ya o.
e' o a ee o poBeler ep a,
..,y"*e y oe y.
ltoopoy pltIBalo oa
e epr' e o''. (o orla o
pype 1597 .' a pae' 1550.x ., 6t oa ooo Ipary a eyo' aI.{IBaBIIIx
ooI paro eyo oe' - Ila}teoo
Itee)rlvta' oopI, a, y aoo aaa Bo.
44

.Taaaa.

.ooe eee

pa

ea Meoea

eo ylegBoa aB I\4eo oeo.) Tpa.

poeleo aoII3}Ia oxa yep.
e' oprr 3e 1889 . Ipo ar papo.
paree oBeIx B3JIoB' B olvt e a pe.
Ifio, a yypy' o p]vl opao Iaao a
ye rexoepox pare. Be Pep,
er 5rvr, ao yBa' a oeB py
ar apea exoepa, a' e By eo B.
pa' To x eap opea ..aoe pepaoe
eopaoe poBeeIe HaIx e, a o}IeTt,
oo 3 II-Ie aI\lI oorx o e uIcTopvrLlcopetvloo yBa'' 6. oao o oaao otvro}.
IlvI I aoap eTeo p' oopoe ro
pao eo ore o ylpae oopa. Cpe.
Ta fie a e0 ypao epo peoao pao
Crx Ta porx opoa pypa, o'ep"'*ee
eltley oey aBe}IIx a oyp pa6o
ylloluIryo l\olccl oaoly e }rrp. oeee
IJIIoao By yxoBIIIx - o x' o
oaxr epe, 6r eooo}t' eoivI yoe.
to' - eox eee yypI (op oypa opoo paope}Ia B IIe Teoopa Aaroa
..pype
pa ea Mexoepa. Moopa
IoMIa,, L982 r.7'
'
Ioyp eyapoIloo araa r o.
JIe B IIBape 1895 .' BIope 47 oll<ro
3 parrIx
Tpa [pTaB a eo o eBol{a o po.
eI' 21 oopI pay oa. oare fie apa.
I apooB I{ Bpa]a a poeyro ltoe
ey - oparre epex aooo - BIo
(a ao eIlo aoap JIoBaro T.Aaoa' papIBIo eBol{ir) er poe Too
pelvrIl {aepa-BTpaEIt. oea Bol{py poe.
a exopa' oopI pay rrer op a Mo.
epTI , ao ee opelvre rtl rer, aB a.
a ea oTpa' ec o e-Ta o). epBy
pMI' oIvloopeaoa o pa a.
pae' To o aya ooorIo EIop: a .
a y(e yoaI Pp' Il B }Iteee, HeBIIIaTee ao apa ..e pore', 6. y}roBepIeIlo ToIlo, o oa ..e pol,' 6I| or.
p orvroe a)I{o o.ep}Iy' a{oeo a.
ae e poTo yrao poBe tvroepx

e epoo )o' a oppoa oor pJI[oIIoo epoeoo ya. o ra uperao afiilla poea, a n0oilre' llofier, oa
aIx epoo yype. exoep oaa 6e
olvl or olle. rre a poe' e o oy
ooulvr a oa ya oore
epooo oo6erocr!' c eo prI oBellIx apeo' oeIaIx eruy oo ]t er p px xyoIecBeIx ta}tIo' xyor p) ol{apoa' lrTo llooe oreo o o.
I. pe o }re y pee e yy pe.
Jloorlo ya' a a I{yolvl Be y
er poe e oIIIaJIo. B 1894 . xyo:* o11
peo a ol}Tpe IyJIITTopa rr, 1895 - 1896 .
1895 .
)3ae oJIytIJI op.rp Aearrpa.{eaa'
urra aaa..etla''
- o.lra I{3 a patx op.
pgr pao Meoepa' ope oilreea ooo
eaJI a Bepo rae 1900 . aprre. Ha
m re Iae ea - oIe 3ooy) - o1r1
eo ]{ii' o e o.rrBa IpoB' Itparr
.tl5rgttd'.
Mexoep' tlaatt"t oear, v! co.
Ie B ee oe opee ( ve eraJIylo poJI .
paJla eo pytra pya Brr),
e o e o.
roa e ep oeee' }racepo' y e pe.
I oe peee. o rprae' a o pa IIa
poe' oyp a oxpo apoo' eIe o.
eoo' oea oe o}rae 1899 . o o.
o o peoppoao Aaer xyoe lpa.
oe eay pe ta apo pa]ry
..oE
pypa
aep Ioeooa''. p}tae.
ae eo poe pae aer paypo
oae, aoe' poe poe aeJII opoer 3o.
Baeo oope - o oo 1901 .' a
ooop a po Capa - opoBII oo
e Baeoo oopa.
Ho e, a opone rpoo esIo Be.
peorlo yexa' eolltlao atlaen ooa or.
o eya. Itaey opoe 3o opyaro pa.
a B. Teraepy' a yile aaIe exoepo op.
aeIe poLl Capa eoao BIIBa
pe3lylo plry o opo )rafiaoo o6ree, oa.
oo' eo oaIr yyp paa ltapo
arrrroporror. B oe oeo gae pay Mexo46

ep rraa }lIJIIl' oepxa,te e epeIrJr

aa,poao
y perrolloo ya. Ca eo aI'aa ..aeatr o6 ye. oe rra
lto ltapo aopolloo
o oBoy peapaI
Baeoro oopa,'. Qg 32 o'e,'*oii
}porpot a
g aopa 1903 . 8.
aopo
r eooe eoaoo
ya,eJnt' o e! }le)' tloIee}t xyoltGla

gape' orr eo rele'

opa]ra )tIl o.
Bpeeoo g Ita)a' pol .tr'rerarrrrrr,'apIx
IIof,x op. poe elo paaeo etvlaJlo oee.
o' a oeg olto.p ro ye eoo oBepr,"Ix
paop1a Meopa
_ Brrraoo. tlo oIle
rp aJil{oaJlo oaa g coe epe}llae
op}oo lryle' ote opl floa IooII)a, esl a pa e o' rro acao eapix
!aepo l{y!r p or exoepa.
Mexoep oea peo oro. .. o.
ltro'- a oH, - Ia ope ea epe ap.
oI Tpaa}l o pype e ap|I, o'aa
}l oo ep!l_'
o e Gepeea
-oopa
y ailoo t a. e
ro mpo' o y e g o
ooo eeog o6errrro pae; o o.
a e tIIlIa 3e opoI oao epooff'. o.
peooe eoepe oeor ora I Hoa.
op paoa' - Ie Mexoep' _ IIoJIoy y.
o,y oae eeEr oo _ ..yra
I aa a.r*l6y
apyr l5ro'' 9.
Ho eo ro rre oo n'.ro o. Be e
ol\ype!eIlt exoep y,Ie xo!! py ooae.
e orea ..yo'', I eo eao ooa.
tx ..ICpaoBrI{xaep'' .Toaprea oo.
o eopaBot ltyca'', opya aeqe
e)
ea' Be Ceeoo ' aoe, 1902 .
r
pa eraIl poeopo Aae xyoe

Itpaoe (oe o p ra ee peopo).

poe o o pao
apaJle po a.
pea peJlrooo yga a oIe
opr
oIe pee. o pye oer
}eoo pypoo pa.Iea'
oza oaxa epe, }epfiater' o .o lope epe' or o potoe'',
o ..eoxoo pooeoa IIoBoe yo'' lo.
exoep peo Irae po}l a{ao ..aro.
41

Haoae

e,,lyapoe

a t I...

ooo'' oIo yBBTeo' poIx

epoBl{oe yo (po aotloB aeJII C. a.
.apI Baeolvl oope, oopI}r' o errJIoBaIvr'
}roe eo ro r B Io oe'). srctrwt. ee.
..xoporo aope B Iye',, oTel{oe oelrie
..JIex
eo oeeI epff', a alr aepo
aoy
xyoEIa
paa
oolreo
oa
IIop
I'',
..ao.
ra oI oprr B peI4oIIo y.
eBo, - Ie o' - go pe o BoB' apooB
pa. ere opar ocoo yy pa o.
re opr' a a oI.t Ba pMal. 0 }I
oae ea xpao oopa, or 3aI.
IIJrIIIaea (o ero aBopo or,ra epxoe' o oa o.
IoBIx LaflIfrr'- .T'). Xoe vIJIvII*.e
ra y o e a lvI''11.
Mexop r aoPr peotII}I xyoIII{IolvI'o o rre }reIao ey r xyoilotvr-o.
BopoIvI.Brro, oo}ry e}ry aBao' ap4ep' )Io
oIyTLI paIo o' B ao ee oopaIo,
.,apxooo''' oa o IIoJIo.
e ao p o
Ba y pe pa B Box tloBax. o r o
pa pao Jr!Ia ee BpaE}Io yBo
aI pa3 e noI' oa o aBee 3o ao.
pllta poepa pe' Bropa o Boe e.(a
o pa opo,Ia y paa' oor
ao olIeylo BpaEyIo ey ee yore.
aItvr opaor a
oopaeil. opepoa
III ., oa a IIoBey aa peaBpa ep.
e, apep Ce-ae' Ce..[e.
B e Mexoepa peaelvt ae
o oele }I aprre ee Br1\4' BIa.
BoI Bpafillx poeo' apMep Ia apoo
oopa opeae, B3 e xyoI{ aIBa.
..Bt aa, To IIa gI: e pxo.
e:
LITI,,L2.Cyre Mexoepa o paoax payo o.
a eocIo opo oaollo pr. Ta,
potvl ..pepaIlr'' apoarr ea a ylloy.
o rae o}to oea pea lwy
..1.'.*'''
ttello ooy' o Io oo BIIIo.
..
peeeoolrl ye'', a aeop oo lte aeI
..tBop I BoIt apya''. (e yleo
pa
ao}r!, o' o lvteIo )Ip o pype' ra pa3
Ipaeo yar oop aeoplrx 48

.Taaaea.

ooe

eDce

TDae

IOeta

Mo&&ee

yp I oo 3 aMIx Ix opo eo oyplto.

o apoa.)
ao Moep yoo yBoBa IIoa a.
px pare, oaM oopIx oIeo ela.
o pa eo I{eB. o x eo ltoe.
.,To,
Bo.
- Ie' apN{ep' yorrIl y{e peIe
oI ae Bparr a opaBIIa o]vlol.l lD|l_
o }IeJI BoMoxItoTyBI4e opoIe ooI po
pIrBeorx payx oopa, Ioa e a6ye
o aa}raop' oopo eIvtoe' poT ea' a.
Ivleoe pyeBo oe e.Hoe eoe aao
aoJIIoIx eo BeIx oe''l. Bpar Mexo.
pa' eNIoTp a oe po oeopae' oxpa 6ll.
o o apo payo roo' ee -pa.
IIIM olIoBI aeTaNI, ..topooto'', 31eoM
llll opa},rao po. paya pa.
Bpaa' a ola, a opelvrea,6ec.
oo' otvroaJIoE oe Mexoepa.
He a ea aa opoo xyoe.
BeI po pare Meoepa - o o.
a ea. epeo' o eJI o pe oa earro rroc ol' o a pay.
M ]vrpoalvl' a Ptx' a a3a' ..fIyTIr.
a'' (a}t' a }Ita paya Paa , l ap
ooeo yap o [tope), ypaI )fi
olo - pye ,,Ha6v|,',o B Bpatax' aI B
epoBIx' a oe pex x (..Mooo
yBa'', ..}It - pa o''), orr pay poB.
e e 3eI1Ivloepo. o oI{o roe ooa eo apooB - olvlo3Lt, u|t|vlp|, e.
veo eopaBtlo' oeo oepy,
eIM aGopovr eo r6eIx peNlx Moo
oopavex
lvtoBo. oarvr, To e e.
oeex opaax, B IIe IpaellvwI otetl
aeo I{a Bpa]fiax exopa opo a r o
Booa o pepaaax' o o Tpa a oe oevr e oxo]lt a poyro pvrr oppa,
oopo py ea, a pao, ep.!fio
ap Poe. More t, oJIIto ..Copra
Maoa'' 3 aeI oae eoo aolae o.
oIe' IyIe ypr yx ax a y,oIoB'ItovrooaIe or yI oo' ea (..C. I{e|1', L13pB C. Xpa o4S

.Taea.

ope, 1871_- 1s7s). re re xoBaaae

poye aap ilraTepx'e yop eJla a
poo py}roo ey' pepoypyr,a pa.
o' p aapee' aI Beo- oepea. e.

xoep e oTBeI{IyTeivl, | !,' pyea Beo To

6r y' eoo, ruer oalo1ll oaopivl ypetvreUr tvrox e poex xyooB.
e yrvro o1!{ paa oepa,
o oopo e3tvreo oop Be' IToaa pypo oer ooo' rovty o.a e Beoo xyo{.
a' I Xoepy opa !c6a, JIaa oypo
ovr' oa Ba Bopo ooeo aaa Mexoepy eep y}Ieex pae oopa: o ro
1897 ., oe oo a,Aooo'', IoI }1a.
epae eo lraepo pa eepa' o.
}te B o}eoopa. Mxoepa ele oaa o
oep' I(o pa pBe pIePIIoBopoa pyEr aope.
oep Iaa o Bpafi aIeo xyoEtII.,o yvr oBpeler .
a pay oI{oIIao:
..epapar, ao Bte,,la.B oypo ae
.. r
ea BTpartotl'' o r ere peIee:
(A
peBoax 3y.

oopIx
Tao''.
r
eo
eJIa
..ea r vreo o''.) p.re xoeT ao&I.
:
' o a Xoep oI ele e r oa aor.
o
I aopeorvl . eo reapo orea.
..Ho'', rL1.,[|a,,.

r XoP' eI e aa:ltrl
.ae e3aor*.le r aer..op o peax'', oa' o5rrlBepy pelvr }ra oype 3a po.
a Iorre3 Top eap -..Q1g1e p
Mapo'', o R l'eee px eT, o 1900 .' o o6c oJra a e aa. a r pae
paor, oppeI' oTopIe Ia oree }ray o3.
pare opo; o,epa cvlTa aepo}l pax
pere, pa eo aeo e Be. o a, vo
eo oa pyp, B e oe eeyao*
xy.oeBerro r' pa xyo?a peoaa ]IBoII poIIJIeo}t yee opoa' eIe pa
oop o BIoo}r ypoe xyoeeo yypI '
opoy' o DreJIo o r. B oro oepe oep,
aepa ee peoo, opaeco }roy}rITa.
o' ypoBo ele B o plvl yoao' oeBre ooxpol{o eoBo ao, o oa.

.Ilooe 3eDee

rDa

e exora

re o opaItaoo oaa po oy.

xoopeo pa6o Mexoepa' y}te x aeao
oe{. oy oooao o ao' o x oo
oeo: ee xyoeBeI peIe p.
e oIx x}r. Ta opao, Topeo Meoe.
pa oaao oyHr oreepoeoy poey
ao e oo oof epooo, o oore o.
oo yTBa' aIe o epo Bo y' I.
pao Bo po B o poee.
p o xoeJro r oepI{JrT' o pe e
o oro' rvroyeaJIotvlye. B Epoe, o
e pa, to e}rao xyofoB' Bopeo oo.
pIx reo peoIle aeI. .oaoo BIoMIl
,,Ha6',
o pylle
epy oepe o Mope.[e, o
pail{o..Mape Map'' 1896 ., ..Cteo
pol'' (o e 0 oe pa), ae o ..Caeor
[IeB'' 1892 . (H.op' aoe opa), oopoe
ae ITo ooBIM }toIlvraaooM 3a.
e.poeo exoepa eo apI{o}ree oo
rle Bpee. Ho e o - YI:vI.vIaoe'
a aa,
..epoao''
xpaBo' o oeoe poe ae ' vIJIv|ooBaIIe Tpaorx op.
o. o e eaa opoIx oo pypa, e po.
fIrcvIB Baee pye }roy}raI epI{oBI{I
paoI Mexoepa.
e paB.e o3lvloI}tpeo
oy apaJle' ope' orre r, yoI{o.
ree B Brry pyoe yo 1880 - 1900.x . o
oBetvle a' vo Epoe o epo e peptvra ore pIoBtIIe po: yreao o6e
pao a yo}raBIIIe}I pypo oliype o ot
oop. Ho Po epoorvly yy opa
oa ae pyI Maepa' a Baeo, Bpye
Heepo, a ecuroBop o eee oaIx poIlx alaax, o oeI lvloTax aeax pyo ao or BpeIvI' o aepe ooaer
opy poB - o xo r poee
ax paIx aepoB' a epo e.
He ae poBo pMIe apae' xo
oa o a}I co6oi aaIato' olvt e
Bpye Mexoepo' I{a o Pt ae paEIlI a
epr 3. Ho a pa apae' otvro}Io'
IoM yeIe' aalo aoBo tl lvlorluct pt
51

Harlorrc

.yapore

acer.I...

ellx e. B o6acT,']{eooo epoBoo y.

Ba xoeo r opalr ae a peI{)r yo.
oopy TaB epeoo, o
o ooaypopay'
paeepe'.oe oe oyp Bo Bpe aepoB:
He'epo' BaIreoB. Ta, BaeoB IIa Me o.
tloy - aopy' a' oe 3eo0 0a eae..He
oo )oorp UIa' a epoB po :
aIe 4o oa aoaeoc - peo Bp
c*ury 'eoero ea, 'Bep' To a Pcv ll pyoo
xyo]ra Tee IUlooBopee a - a yp:uee
xpaa - a0 y}Ieolre eo apooe eo ro.ra.
,po y 3aaIx xyoGrIe) ya'(1888 .) '5.
Io' - poofiae o Ty ]reMI B pyo e' - e.
a r. o ofie r r' IoJI!II{oe oEo
o3BI o lvlpoo peTaBell o ... aaa
afrwl opa pa, o.lvtoeiy' ,{aaBe] epoeo
tycla' a pyoro - B ooeI{oTf.I',16.
e tvtofi}lo6ro I aa' .ro y eoepa
eo opae Xpa (par aBoo ea Bae.
oo oopa, 1909) a pa .aaIvIaora oe.
tl paoI apor apa oo eoo
..Cpaar po'' (.,Chrystus Frasobliwy'')
paa
oeEI rro eo TepllpeTae' B oopo opolvly
pIe.
o pae IvtBoa BeToBoo
Ha aao 1890-x . pxo. paoa eoo
pa pyx xyo}Io o Bapo oope .
e' lipoo ep. Cpo ypalaloT ep Taare, ApaeBe' a. ypao oopI
py Baeo, Pepx vlp.e oBoo xpa.
Ioo ya rtae Boyxe ' a rae ax yax' TBaeT B o opy lvlorrteTBoyooB
pooe pa3o Iaa. ol o paIrIe..Ca
oeoa
,
ee' a..po peI}ra''
e v|TLI:a''e oe o
Py'' Hepoa, a potvl -.o
..oot''. Bpye eilIe B olre 1880.x . aa Bo
..oaBaIlopa3leIe' e e xolre 3I
e'' px..Bopee|4v1e,',o tooptpao paeO aa' o TaIx ap a.o ro r opo oey epo. paa, ore Bpye yere
loa e opaa xpooeo eiue a
yeo}t yereoTIo.Hayre 1890.e - o
o yee eo .['oa ooBeyloI rro.
tx pere.
62

'Taaaea.

.I[ooe epee

rae

era eo&eoa

Ha Bepo aprrorae 1900 . p-

yBo Ba Be lta aIe xy oI{ . Baeo

IaI1roeo ..B a paJe'', Heepo oJI
epepy ea a apI peIoor oepfial{
..o
aoBe,, .yo''. (Heepo, a' r orvr
3 aIIx JreeIx ooIlIoB opea Maeo
Po, 6oro peII py a CaaBIo.
o' - I.IerroppeT oo ooo xyolta .
Heepoa o3a. oelvt eo l3ll ypaIIIaJI
oepyro BIay Caaoo
Baprae, - 4
Mxoep Bo oepe IIoJIII oppoar
oppe aoo Hecepoal). }apa .yo'', oparra.
Ia yoee aI . aept, ta peIo oyfierra pyo opooce oeB aooy
)Ilrorrea yoEIrolvr: oxpaa I a oo.
a, oparraIa BoIla.
epeoe oaee: re .ya'', a B.
, r a )l\4. aepr. exoepa
a ,e Ba ra oo epo eo )rvrueo Bpara(.Myrev|,,), o5r31"r a o,e Iae 3oo.
TyI ea. re oa apae' aalola yfl{e a.
Tya xyo?rIoB ore: Mexoep IIoJIJr oIa
o ae oa a oylee oo opa.
oo poea poe opooo oop 1901 .; a B
1900 . ao Bpye ..pea pea'' 6ro oep.
yo poo oe, opare paor a ery}rapoyl BIay aprr; paBa' Marvroo, a.
lrer }Iea' BIpo eao JI oo a.
o oel ao.
Braare aeI BoBpaIaIoT a' a
ItaaT' ..ooy', epe opea Mexoe.
pa. eoae eo TBopTBa oea' o o oTaoo peo opaa apoo.oopI
1\4o.
a. oo aI o 3 pl{x pepoB arar ppct pa ..PoreoXpoBo'', e o6rpaa .
po,reeoo epea...to'', o aa
JIuIcTvIr<a
IaITIIa,a' a pao opao - ooerro poa.
o rr e ot{o opo}Ia po?eBe.
ra 3Be3a' ypaBIIIa pa. oeae o3o.
a xyo)o pIII{IIa apoor Ipea51-..g51I[a'' - pDreeo oee oe pae ..C.
Ie''. ae ae' o olvl Jlyra opaIea - yxoaa poa - oo e opar, I.rloopa.
53

Hauloae

eIfyapote

.re peB.lao epeI' eI: xo r ap.

e a}reeIOI}IM IvIeaM oex Bo3xae Mxa
oopI Bpya
Caaa'
IIoBepfiI
Bepx
.eIx
T eo 3eplaI oTpaelvl' oo Boole.
e e o o' o palllItv1 yM luo)Ie oe.
- eoea ' aea - ooa o.
Ho, oevo, aoeoo}l ax apoo.o.
opIx pee olr r a o; ae o e.
e.
o poeTo exoepa,
1oo' To oxpao
oo Tolvt' o o r r Iep' oop
TeyT
oe.
xyoeo
aJI IIrI{poa BeoxBaHo
B o3oBaIII{ paeI
, opeTaeo
}oopoe ro oa y
aepo'
IvtooB' eopaoe
pae.
a
e yae' oMr
ootvr
Mexoepa
a oI{oBe
xyo
oa
o
I\4o

xoe
]tato'
peI
x
aBI}r
a
oa
loBo'
oopI

polvl opoodpaoBa.
aao eo Bopegle'
Bpove, aoaoe
payeeT' e BoI{o oopl{Il{
etr}Ta}I' peBo.
peIlvl B UIgI{Ie }ropa. o Iaa' 0 e .
0 oe
Maeo pIvlope r.Tpalra Mexopa,
paor {Rea' ea'
epBor eaeI4 oeIr
r.
pra JwvIil, pI BeToIx oga,
oe
olloBpo
o pa3I{oo
yxoo aeoo'
Nroo BIeI]r p eI lvIoTBo' oopI Be.
xyorrIla aIIIuIoTByIo o epaop)rrr{o
ooyrypo,
ao rrroo - rp - al{oao
erro E oJIlvI poaIvlotvr eopoMalTro.
To eeTeo
1\4oTBI loeHppy'
JI {ea
a.
Mafoto, Bolpy aoao.apoo
o r,rpa}Iax I Bpe opo a e
.. e
apoa orvrap' e' IoBIBal rypr
opa.
IaaIIkI,,' }roy oIOx ep' aIIf oB,
lopa Ix' epa ox pea I
T pIro. Moro poo]lLI' 0 Meopy
a xopoulo ac e rpare orvr oe.
Bo1\4 llepoat, 1erx oa reape,
pIJ.BIIIx VI . rre aypB' 0 B x o vro' y
poa.urr Haoao.oooe.
oopeoBa}Io'

yr opy oo I''p rae oy'ry

eTBa oo o ope, I{TBa poIer
IlleaprvrurTa7{ e ooBIIIerJI aro o.rrre,o
)Ie e aeTBe poalllloo .eaa.

B oe are ao e}tI xoTeo r

oa, o peI!lao eper oa)e a
aIa}rIx ..eeB'' pox Capa (oporr Baeoo oopa), oopr ey a rre yao
3altotll. o ao a pa3 yolvtaI}r IIe
yeI4ervr B ea paa aopooo' oopoe'
i\lo' oBo paooo eoa yry a o'
or oaoll ary paoy.
Hoa ere Mexoep e oxo a aeo
o oao oop e o.aa Ta opaI opao, poIryTIx fiIM JtTBoM' a'
apep' opar apxaeJlo Mxaa apa
, ecI
lvIo,o aI BIpa' JtToeo.oJIop.oBal{Ile

pervao or. More r, y aao o'

o o BoIl a ooBe oppex ry e.
ep aox (oa I3 rwIx aJIa rreo yo*a).
oa e poB a opITo eoepa
a Maeo, a BrItM. Eo ..e'.- o
oeopaIe oeJI aoaoo aooa'
epe Elllo Topo IoTopIx a r poxo o
aoao yyp' y epo ..oo
e', ' o, a pao' paI' a x ao afitel{I p.r{ae }IapoB' copeooeI I
(, a, oTeeI 'oTpro ,,,"'"o
oepa),
pe orBo epoa oe yaa.
eo aoo oa. Ta, ool opa oyaT
epI oepo tvIa Meva'
pyo Bvltvffcg'
ooBpeluer Pea ooMo apr a.
eo, pee - oT.TaI{ aeo vr ecl e
B' Bepropa. Be o oe opeeIe oe eepoI opar, o a eJIoIvIarroo x o.
pa,fe 3II( a' oopI oo o6oaae
.
oee Co yxa. Ho e o ope
yx o te
..oo
cao
Lle|i,, oor *y.,''i
e alor
oee o paarru. To, vo Mexoep e Id
)fiee IIa,a opaI }Ieo .,e[{'', a e ..aea.
lvt'', oe apaeo BoIpeIa B IIalvI.po 3
..ooo,'*LI,'
Broo' oaaBIIIeo e }Ie
or (o ooll palvIy 1903 .): opa' Ia Ixo 3
allpo oopa - eo oo' Baor. - Bo.
ae, opara ero a: ,.pov! Tl xoet, vo.
r ara a Ba a ya]' atvr eMa, uor 3 EaoT aIIeIl tvrIoaa oT
DA

cr...
Haoare rr,{raporre

..o Bae, Bae! Tr o o,{x

oJra''. ar:
ye aluptwroB' I Bo a yIe Io-

)' }laI yrraIl4ivl olvt o }rpa' oIya e

oBpaa. Tr oy y Yrc Iaac JI|oTpaB x eaI'' 18.Mr oe{ opae paapBa tvIe.
xoepox eB B laeBe po )pa
pae Bro.o, o o a' o oe ooa.
Ie Ivro'r(IereoI oox alepo 3e o3yt{HI. ail{e tlotueIlu.
Heoopre ee Mexoepa oaaro prtvl, o go JIIoopIlIe' paIe pI' e ooIe o BI. (e aBpy a' po' BIIo.
e yero' o}tl!ae Bpye e.[eroo, e
opa }II4er a pa g' yfie oe r0I opea.) Ca Mexoep o oBee ox arra.
..
ooIe o ((aeoD)' BMe0 I{x
I1tllex opao a:
((!eeBD'
pIaIx' Iolvl aealo aIII4oIIaIx
e a eo... Arrr'r e e yectlI' o r,a
BIr}r ta, e oeI r yTa' oopI po.
*ar Ix .3a Ierx ra' a aM Me19.
o 3 ya otII r aI''
Morro ro r peaB ee, o eo e.
..aea'' o x yepeIx o.
pexorro ye
o
a 6r oeIeIe a oe Capa..Ae
...[e o 3e3a''.
3e3al'', oopIx oe IIa3Ba
o oapo oo ya o epao e.
e, pztlle po r ao apI ao
o ooBIII epxro' a o epe pl4ee peae
' B
epea etIx oyex-oyoIex
payx pyax aeoB oo Be op
ieo. 3a o y a'roo eore pI' a oa.
eI o oaoIe y - eIe' I
.he-BeI'' oo paoppy y
pyIaBa}I.
pI{eJI a a3a eoeeoe eeo B eo JrlII'
erx aeBax B IIeo ere oee oBIIeoe
eeo.yoBlloe. I{,ea x oefi - e}Io po.
or eo.oxpr B olt oeTaIIx
III MIo paer ooBI oo. yorr, o
oeoy BIIaIaIo' oe 6oc a, 3o.
..B ttaeo o'', o IIoBop
paa aeo'
arr aeo' oparrerx aeo B l{paootvr
Mapao oope, o aIe Boe peulee' o p
IIoBop B po oa Ie pa' o3aBa oIITpaT
56

..eivt

.aLIvI,',a r epeBo x ee pa.

a Haeoo oo o. Tea..e.
e'', oao' e oaa xyoila' epe3 e
eT B Byx BTpaEa TpaIIea oo e Baeoo
oopa o oe ..eeB'' ,.aeoB'' tte' o3a
oIo3 ..e paa" (1913 .). Ha il{o
3 I]rxparre opae ao ,,|eIltrI,,,o yre6.
prr ypa e epI opeoIl .
tlo. o pao oerre Iyea' eo a oya
rreo et I{o o oooe !I.aI{yoe' opy.
eo e, a py c c|e paIvlIalo e o.
Ieo epoa, oopr &r Bpae}t y
p aa JIaBIoo ea, oparrarx Cpary
pa le Mapr. Ha arrr 3 x olx ..e.
e'' oa ypa eo aea.pae, o.
opI oepae ..ooeoo'' Bo poItoBe.
etvI. Ca aI ooIx oax' y IIx e.
HIe IJI' epeBaI paIl' 3eeI1,
EeIM' opa}I{eBIl oa}t. aa apa yp
oae py,IBoo.ey
apaey. e
y)re e oaJlo eo o OpooctI' peo3l{o
oe IZrlIIrooa' eoo aolvlae o o}t' To
aoeBo Be eBllee e oey o.
oe. Booe lr aoo Meoepa Be oo 3 aII IITepeHIx opaIx opo eo oopaex
oa.
B aepree - ele pa o o' aoo 3a.
eIM peaBe Mexoepa oreepo.
eot yro' BpoM' yfi e eo opetvrea' a
JrerrI auleo pe. 06 o I{eeJIyg' ap.
ep, yra}reraa ool.pa paryor
reo.
o }I{aa Poea.Mapa Bea'' (1980). a
',o"'","a parr' o tle eaI paeI' e
oI.
Ba curfa' oa l.tIya paa pyx
epoex paa- o Hope oca. pae o ole, e o el-rapvII, vI B oox paeJlax
ryppye exoep. oop o eo opB' aBop ]vto.
opa eae eoo or6o, vperao' oa.
o' eI' F'tl ooo xyoEIra: o pIae
aIey Maepy e oo BI.IpaEIl ex oeax a.
eJlax' e o eI4o y{ey, o er p
pyrx pe, oe oorae, "r.1VIexoepI
pe o o B epoe paEI'' 20.
57

Haoc

0r'apo

c.t

Ho.l

,t(vo' aer...

a}r alvrotvroIe e
Tarvr pea)
..oo''
..epoeoe'' }tepe opea exo.
epa oa paoo yBa.

prrea
I SotrelV. J6zefehoffer, albo wszehoenyudzial oegoartsty w sztue
sakralnej romafiskiej Szwajarii pierwszyh dziesiEiolei
dwudziestgowieku.//J6zef ehoffe.opus agnum. Krak6w,
2000, s.49 -64.
2. o V. Soterel. op. it. s.61.
|'Iid.,s.62.
aapaepo, o epI oa It ..Ber,'Py ltyrrr, a
y' a Too oa ra raea, Tpeo. opo9ee o eepypo poe Pyrrla ' : Taaao , , |{
poeae opea parra Pya. // Xyot.
eI poeI pyIo ootlr ye xlx aa ea. .,1977' .69 _ 90.
i 3a Pyruua e o 22.|2. 1902 .: ..C o.op rroepa
.,Mpa ya''. peooo. H o,1ypa e pa.
..epa'' roa
tl lr. I{a r xoe, uo6r
eep6ype, a,.p ya'' Bapae!''. \la, tlo..Taa.
aa.., y. ov.,. 86.
Ritter I7. tudes dart etranger'Paris, 1906' p. 12.
1Adamoicz T. Fryburskie witra2e J6zefa ehoffea. (Monografia zespolu).
Wrolaw, Warszwa, Krak6w, l982.
Mehoffer J. Uwagi.o sztue. odpowied2 na list Karola Lankorofiskiego
w sprawie restauraji katedr na Wawlu. Krak6w, 1903' s.6.
9lid' s' l2'
l.'Iid.,s. 8,9.
| 'Iid . .s' 12.
|2MehoffrJ. Dziennik ,s.242, (10. 10' 1893).
|IMhoffr J. Witraz jako kompzyja dekorayjna.(PzglqdWspdlzsny'
1939,252, s.4, 5).
l. I{ o; V. Soteel. o. it.' s. 49.
||BaettpB.M'I|llcl B. oeoyo31.12.1887. !r. o.: Be.
o B.M. . .f(e,Bo<ra.Cyqeope.
e}tot}.Coae H.A. poea. M., 1987, c. 73.
|Baceu,oB,M'lco ll. aom o 20.8.1889. I{. o .: Bo,|'oB'M., c' 8\.
l?.. Caaor' oepla IaaroopIop.lrea 1917.
e Baprar,paoa Berrr,o eerlo y a'
_ a Hep. - o 3e y a Ee.oyrlteprrr BrcYl,u e o oltoee, oopoy rao
oIo oaTllooe ottoyo (eoep, Pyr
p.).... oe aoo a apo or- Maeo }olvtyooero yao' o IDIeaa, o o
te oro,oy*}toJloy xyoey''. L{. o .:
Irnepo M.B. anvl'e. ', 1959' .l43.
.r . o .: Bcnu C. ,{pal. epeo ooo. M'' 1963'
. 53.
l'}opo6eo6 o c.:Mehoffer J., opus agnum, s. 161' 162.
2||Rollet J' Les iitrs de la lumire. Paris' 1980.

58

Id. yea

popao
a ppoa
ye {oI{3{a

Boa

B epoeo
yI,ype
olra yoBa
ooBopa
pa
.Jye }loa. oao
ee
aa3 ae ooa yep{a' o I\4MaIIeIe
epI opaor
ya aeI eo oIo
oaa
oo.yI}r a opo a. o yepree aae'f llpee eo opoa o oppetlIx
B.
3x' o 3aMo3aBIo
alvtoopeeeoul
tBx
ae)p
- Ivtolleo rvrIa o6p aLleo
TpyltypI' ooeo ooIe
HoBoo Hoereo
BpeMI{l . Tay I4yaIo popeo
o' o lvl.
Bo peMyleeo
oepuleo paopo pa]apa a evrqecl+vl 3Ia. oolvly IoeIJa ,.
e o}4al{ xoo NII4', a,lop{ae
3 aa'' Tpa oo opyEaa epy Bepao pop. o
yperre
exaI{3I\4I I
}to aLI. o o p JUL c|4NIBoa, poeMI eo xyoegBel{o
(eo) opr B ?IBoII' Boe e epe}ITI
eo
lIy. Byaa
ppe3ella
loeoo
MIa oa e oae poo pae
e epaI{o BIpeIr ae oa' oa ore oooLlee
aoolle
oe yypI'
a3ao r, ap.
opo aa ee B paDIIa IopaTBIo
y.
oveo,
o l{ea}to oT ao
tptl.
aeo
xyoeeIe
IyJITypI' oopI a.
59

Hartoa

cllDo

ae

eop lvloa a peBo IaEe lvlIa 3aH.

ae eTpao oo}Iel{e,oeI olM pa}r opoe oooLtIeo aooeo
oe yBepya2. o opee' a aN{ootevl
ypoe' eBo y N1oa x. oor
o IIIex op*, o}lB.
opolvt}loo Nllrooop a3 ! ctLNIP,
I ope' aoB pe}r Beo ooy.
o }tIoB' oopI MBoI pee3el{Tpy. p.
po ta oprvraByao pe.ae}too }rolleo.
o 3aa paIpIa Te x oppeBl{o cB'\ c
}teaI poTpaTol\4 alyaIx . yyp
eoyIx pl ol\4yBIp ae 1\{IoB.o e
otvra IvIoaox luoMa a}IoB oee
oep?{aeItl' e paMapa eo oee
peBoBo xyoeBel{o
paBl{e I4IvrBoo
yype3. Taoe pae oxo, llBoI.rllea p.
oa Ie loTopo tl e ooo yo
epo, pae atI .JIollI\{a.flpepo.
eI paB tr{oeoo aa eo eeI{x ooeoe yTe {o3a.
Cyrrrorea ooo Ityao pepeea }Iollex IvIIoB peeeoo yype ope pee eo oM' o o pe3aar e
eax. epvoT 1I ooa paoo BIpaEe.
peopeeIo opr pa yaoo. B
oe }leaoe popaBo lvloex IJIOB
opeae o' eoo' epapxllo eox xapap' opeeo popaBeHopeex apaTpo' Tx Ilpeeax' B oopIx apa pa TaoB lyo oN{aIo oea5.
yIBoBae
aop o 'ao BotvIoEII
aeBaoo ya}loo IpaEe Too eaoo
popaBa B paJlo vo popae. Ta.
pear e BIpa)eeivl eoo
aHoo popaTa oIaIBae xpa
xpaI'l o aI.rleooCpeeeoB ( prepy paoo fTl4lleoo ). Ha oax aT
ro oMI r oppoBaI .yxoIe yo]r.
ee crpeoo yypr. re MI.
o' Ipaelx IvlBoa}I' pyyppye epep
xpaa, opeee eo apay oopa, a afi{e
opalr3a e0 BeIIIHO poaa a y
pa efiy rvr 3e&rIpa.
60

.vea.

onagro

DDoa

oa...

Crro }ro]vr
oa xlx - aaa .
eeer B3aI apaI BI{a}l' oopIe
o]vly pee opee Meao eBpolleo
yJryI. ore ealee xyoeeI xa.
paep' pyIe ' opoIIelv1'lfo eep
rIooe popago oprvrpye BIIe paol oo eoo eo ap lupa. Moeeo pe.
a o BIIe peao' ooolleotvr a.
ooeo}t aeax, ole e oa pyy.
prcav I{lvtoeco ppeea B popae
ooo oaoo 3yaoo aerra, ar 6r
B poal{y 01Iy oxy xpa6. He eee re.
Teo o' o 3aay oolaIe Moa{ }II.
r yIloao y}re e aIlI (vl, o pae
lvlepe' B3aIII o IopaBoilIy' Ipoo}l }lI.
e oo oBa, py) cTol'r.Itlo epao pa.
. Be paopraI{ ealt ae.
vv7
o IuBoa o loIil3lvta'eo oTIIoIeItc}terra.
IIvlpoTpaBolv1 lvIIo' elo oeg' a}Ie.
o eIIe eo y pyypy aeTBe 3l{aa
o peao.
pee Be) peMI rraya a ypoe 0T.
ore yx oaIx' oTypyI yypy
poo - epa.rarrI ,I
}rIo. p^3a
poa y poea .IaaIryI
popea Be
oe amooe' alvrooaoo aoo Ilae.
e. e eoxoro o.prry o ffI ae
x tvteer. Itaea aootvto, aooaoEo.
a}roeo ByaJIIloo opaa aIIaI poB.
JI e oo B ae eo oolel< Bepaoy.
Byaoe ooIH epaoa}filIx MIo .
}tae e oparrerr' oopIe TeITpeoIa opay,
ooy B To JIL7o ee ao B oI{
apopoo opee oToI opaa peao
eTeo. B oa Teop oa }o' o.
epBI' a|<Taulpye oop y o parra
1vlIo6pa3ylo{x IpaeJIIx olvloo eil 2|tBo o paI{ py LI BIaNII
Iya. Bo.m.
pIx' Bo opar ar tolleo aa
ay y/ opo o oore opa a aloBor
3pleo Bopaeo eprrolr. Ia e.
lo' aa3oll oeo a T BoIIpoI y oBpeeIoB
J.lrao ooro apae ea po.
6l

Haoarrrc eq(yapo

It.yrea.

B opaeo ye 3e a
oo BlIya3aII' a exal{3I ooae
lltIoB. o6oIeo op' o o apeoB' 0llty' o opIvII paBa' peaetpyI{e po.
e oa3all yJlype Hoor peelJ ' epIo
oe 3[Iaee. oeeIlo Bo3tl}ta oeIe p.
ylecBoBal{
aBe o eoxooc Lro3lvto?IIloT
ax op pa. B ao oe IIJIaHe oe
I.D(3re p,ra(rc B eyIe: o-epBI' Ta.
oT 3aLeo oae, o6oee poopa3ee
3 aoalvtocT lefiy pe peao:
eaI popagBo }lBoI{ex Io' 3p.
eo oplt}taeo opyare ecleo
I.I3yao opaeo xyoJ{eBeo opo
lolrlleoo aa ,IBoII9 ; o.opIx' lvltlo{eeo eopeeeoT rvIoB BHoT eDIaee aeI 3Eaa B poe oaBa Be o.
ee apaao o yeI{BIlo' a ereoaIe
apapr aoIl e oee BI.IpyaIM.
B oxy l\4ollvraee eo eo6aoe
oo epoeo yypI Hooo Bpelvre
papee epI opar peaBe, oorx
B aIpoBa IvrBoI.rtlelIeI. oo pea3y.
e 3a e oeeI{ poe BoI.IlIrIoo o3a.
a oIx IrBepa3oBax 3aloIx ep, o.
BoeI{ e oo e3eTIlIx' oo y)IHIx paee opaolo. peee oo.rex Ix
peae pyx B3aiL e pox pa.
oIIaJIIto paop \laIrywl' apalepo ae.
o arrocTklIL|e oaatx B aax epoee
xapaepotvl orreeoo opoe, ooo Cre oy a' oae apy }Ipa o actloo.
eo opeTae. eo eo B oI' o oae.
I o otvree paoI oBeI a yae.
aIe BoIIpo' oepfiale peo3IIIx oa.
ax eax Creoo avI,|ae ay eop.
Il

e!lee

aIltllvt

r Tlecle

op}vlI'

pI{IIIBaIvIIe

r p ol.

3aeoe ooo o ora..oya rr?

I(o r? }Cya nre?ll aIoB Hetvt a}IepooI'

ooalI ope, ao epe ooee aop x oo. .{ yya peeeoo
ltyyp B ee r oepa or
62

or.Daro

DDoa oa.'

oollaer oe a epI a opoa, Aoa.

papa To MIJI Tpeo' oopl oTyIIe e.
oBeeoy payy' epeoT B e orreeoo oTIpoBe TpallopoBaa xyorrro I{a ye.
peo B paBoI{ oopaex
}Iopi\lt'paBaa 1oT ooT' IIpoIe oo.
opae I{x oI pae. Brpaea
ca o MBoeoo 3Ia popaeIx'
poopoaI'
eoBI pere peeelooo
odpaeoo ya ooeo orIvtI paItIx
Bapaax oparre Cpauroo ya12. x oa
pyypa 3aBepIeoT olto3llooo opoe.
' oopoe' oaa epe},l opeI}r
xapaTepa}I' opaaeT ooy epapxeo
e}tI oqe. opaa uolpateJlo o
Tx eax aJIeBaTI{oBIpa)aa e yrraeaIe
-expcIaTa: eIll B BoIIpoe o pooelil lvIpa
aIINI ooe eo r. p o Le'anul,a
papIBaa ee ooaelTlro epI{ - aI{ po.
ooaee eoo etvloo' oeoo
eJloBeIdoo, opa a vI T'F,.
B ao . oea e oIloo lvtoa'
oo a.I!'oopIe BI{o oxo ll 6l epo.
o p.{' ooBaIlo a xpll}lax eoTx
eaex. oee oo - xyoflrr oeoBaeo papya oylo e ey oparre.
oao eI o lI' a} ye ro otvteeo'
VI]eiIg
II'I IllBoeoe aee' oolvry x epy
erro aa aoT oorrao}r. o a oTopfie pe]rIr eoe, ' o pae ep, a
o}re x aoTo a}roT. o xo aeae oITy' aepoe' aMyI yeeyl B op.
eBe oea, pooe Toy pe pBooBa
oeo yypI' oTaB apae e eo
.pyoe' aaBIIIee o x op peoolvlo y,IDr'
ooy xyo T poTpaBee I{ oop.
ee 3}Iepe' oope e o)ItI BIIa 3lraoIx ao ai. oroa - oTIa Ieoo o paoa.
o o eo epeBr epoeo o.
cI' I1o o rpaoao xyoo orro o!t ee peooeH poteI{ oxpae yxepo ooT o oe pa BopeT. B ap.
}Ie axaIBaeT opaEae yBBo ao}lo, .
63

.ylea.

H''ro

p loaJlIlo' xaoItto llpop aB a' eBoIvlol.

o oo epoa
pael opare
e oae o/.
eal'
peaJIItI}r
earrr

Iee ooo popao yr, oaaevloe

BeoM pa6oo )' opa?ae oyTB oe.
|a' IvIoTBa oo ect dpu e,
eoeo aex eI{aroI paool\{y epoeoy pe. B o r,rya o e oe o6par.
oe aM ar yypo
3a IIo1\{oI-
oopIe apa r pay o
a}l'
p,'
opaee y?*toepyJlo. p:e oa o a o
apo' oBHo llopya yr ee yaIx
oe pa oo' .ror ott l{eprtlIe 3lvre.
pe oI )roI }lIoB.
rvrr?o rvrl?Itya I
apa ora..oya
yIBeIrr
ae'
papIBae

Ie?,,
pyo
}lIo' oopoe
poTpaHa
IIoBoo
oo
o}ra
oypye IvIBo. p e oe Mooao I{ ilrfl ooo oo aIIeIo rc3ucn 'uuLIIbl'Jtu
tvlIatvI o ee' oopa a oe pax a.
paBTII yypI ra erro. oy ltvta epetvrelae r oa a 6re eoea. oo epaIx ao poea Byaoo
oop arre ItEIoo eoBeeolo yI B oBa
popae po iavI''ooIleo Io o eo vft|v|Bvlyao eoBeeo urlzr u|
opo)rae}Io e e Brrr AoIoIM' e.
oo' Teoe eeoe 3lvlpe oopoo BIIepBIe peae o eoopoItvI eoo3alII

B p a JI!II{IX

ap

aBex

o3N{

a'

Idoevo, peeea MBooB a

aTolvry r poaTI. Baere apatvlTp IIoca 6ltl aaI' r pepy' B ax poBeex'
,.apvI, I a
.lVloax
a epey op'' vlJrvl
a
..aa
ppxa. Ho o
pa Mot'' aapa
opao ale orI4ae oeBy ToIty pel{'
oTopo rr eoBIa - aoe ]IeBeo B eo
IpyoBopoe yepylta' a ?3tI ppoI' epe.
e oBeeot yIeoBa}I pa3oo.
xIBaeTIo JIvI3.r
pe paaIee. o po oepyo yIIvec.
o, opo aPrpoao ncuxoJ|out.uuINI'o
oo ae. Taa oJloa NIoa ox
NIo3IvIapBo ,IeIo o aoor apa.
64

epa'

poq?aro

DtDoa

toa..

aeEolvty BIe
I{aoBIx (aerarx)
pylrx
ay
a
aooy'
oo}t y3.
y,
on't }rIe eoo epa.
B oeo
llroe o gao oo peoo
e (ll
3apo)e
pa!)
yntlotlo
yBa.
ae Itoa o ox olaa olvt aoee epIIeBItI
3aIx aere
par opaeo.
o ya.
aultt
aea
}toIvra'
ap}ly
taI}tl{
a e e eI eopeIlex e yga'
a eeIe pePtoct.
Brvrapa
eoBea
opao oee 6tlo a'
elvl po}raItit' xyo{lt. oI
ye gaiItl yaIe
poe
}roea Io.
aoB' IoopIe paepy
xyoeI
opaax
epe 3pe}l aBee o}Ieoe
paBl{ee
eoeeo yI lvlpooIvloolvt' o
eepae'e
tvtr}t eoer'
a }tapooo.
a IoapoB.
a ea3'
xoo}tllelrx
'r<v|co}lal{a
eaI
aeI{ToB Boe
}IIax ea.
Boo)Ilt oBee
aoo eolrea,
aI Bop.
o apa Mya.
aea olreoo
}tIule'
o ooIx
3e IleT pev, ooeo oe
pe,re ef .
o epe Itotleo eppea
arrpooeo
poea.
Ho eeo
B Iloxy lvtoa o ilrelo yepar
xapartep. leo
olvt' o
I{IvtBo o oe ppoe ao: e aly B
ox' oopIx xapaepa
oeBpoaa'
opaea
IIo3I{ xyo]lt{a o oHolero
o
a pa' oopy o}I BoIIoIae Box po3ee.
. yorr opeolvl poee oo caII at|ul.
}rae o3Io 3pI.rJI' Berl{ef\D arae,
o B 3a.
eo
fieIIe epye
ooeoT
eo r.YI.vIrro B oell PlIrIoM ap.
. oo,
yaoo
peaye
ate ea ya
B peeeloBor
y.
e. oero o' lo oa 3 opylollx
ee.
Hoo Bpetvte aa
ee peooe.
yBe
etvl. oo ot\o poea
axo
aaBIIIee
oeeo pap)Iee epeooo
e'a
y oopo IByylvly o.
y oro eoeolr'
BoJIa po opoIleo'
eIeo aroae
BI.
r ep peeeoBoo
oo ao oI{
Jrepya.
3 IIpIlao epexoa o oer CpeeIoB
pa65

Horrrr

It eapo1lle

}ly Perreay. o aae l!{oa ox o3.

Ivta,To lvlaepa' aoer aao oTpa3IM T oo apa' y]a o3 eIo a.
evrTo apI ]\4pa'oopo o paT 3ya.
}ryopy ox po3e. B o Bo3M o/.
,.I0o oy MIIox |4ef|,cocTaBlII I
Bpelue'' Mapa xa.ep. o eop eo .
popae aI a yypy oe t{o.
o opay p e a{poooex aelTo.
Brreao NIeeTptlaoe ooIee ooy' apaoaoN{y a pr 3' Toy
lvlBoo paT' e 3aee ye epo.
eo yTyp peIao Beo. B oe,
opareo II epa poa' oopoy
eBI{a .yxoB}Ia ]I3}I yxor o pyI oparro' 3aeplalo axo 3yarro oTpa.
Eee e e}paa poeo yy.
pI' aaBIIIe o oeo Cpeeo. ovr
oe o poea ye oMa
Ta}Io yyo vIaoe epe aI,r a pao.oItIx Io. B opr ae ao oe
po.o?rI{ paBe poara o ccIvI
xofiI{a.Bopa' ooaBMo e Cae.
pao oBa}rI MIoB' B3a[I{I
o6pao Xpa, a Er y xyoI{a oTaB.
e oo6r rolo.eIvIae a B cepvr
ap oe, e orer epea op.
pe}repTal aoo xyoa. oe e yla.
..Etr
po'',
}lo' o ax poex' a
.po
..er
eaIoM ay'', p'po'',
a pa3ay aep ol{tlTppye Bo c14uI.
oeo lrle yeo }vrBo[Iurc'np,
.L|ooBI'pae MBoex MIo eo
peo ce ea.
oao ey oeprry' To o Ipa.
oBoo oTo yoB}Io o.pey oxpa.
'fie
paor rI oooIe ooIe oolvr ap aoe/poaoe. Cyyo vrrrtP.vr.
yaoe p?lBae peotloo lvttae oa6.
e Ooo apaIx aeo paoppoBaT
Ilt' oeo o' ov11"'o e aeopro poar.
oo. e e e}lee aeeI T|4B}aIIvrcavI?Iao
e!!e y yx y}rBeparx o66

lt'

Ilc'l't..

tca.

r,r.oI

Beoo oMoa. a e
TaI{oBT oe
o.
.ro oo 3 IaoBIx, pe.
peae'
I{Ix Bx B paII yaao
ee
ap.

a lrea opa ..Bopa pre 1889

oy ,aaa 1888. Bepreopa ory.

oo apao eo ooo lvlBoeoo

opa epeo ar rrp peao oee.
o r.Bpre o oee ByaIe apar.
p opeI{ooyloT e o.
pae ecooepcaa, a B BoIvr6ya,
ooor o aro 3{a. !e, poCxo..
Ie B ol\{pao IIoBo poTpal{eoM 3.
Mpe' aT po paay paopMa
a,tooeaoo apaoo popaa. o oo.
o vyye B epeoe poe, oa flpoBaa po oT oT ooeoela epo Jlltlo.
T al4oo xy.ota' oIoIo pIee ore a
o. o eo epI' e pea oo{ o or.
BIloo opoIl. yor oI{aeo pN{eI{.
e ae peTa yaoo BIpae ra (o.
IIo3o{Ie oopTrtIee), oopre ooy
aol\{y opIol!{y e apaoo ypo
or o ypoB to oBe.BIIo. o e
eP' o poo MeIa o.o paop e.
Tar opao, BoM 3aae ooI o epey
oBpeeo yo*eo yypI ea opa3a oe}IeBo.
prlr.rr*
l [l pyax

Iro paoy
y.y IIo ollpo yeo oI roa par\,{aplla'
aI{ pBo'
oee l'lleo
orolr,
a rpoea
tIJroOaa
ollolt oepo
oy ypoHto yJtypI. Taoe pap{!ltIe yx' ope
lx
yyp
D{oo, cp e6r
rtpo
otlty' o o OIIplt}l.
MaT a ltJIJtpa
MoJI}tcoO
MI'Ia. I] ao
y(la patloo
o,Il).Bcp)rL|HIIe o opaltvo].r'
e IJra lt opr 3y poo a.'ro.
2 Co1o atlae
e poo llpeal}e*7
o I\aJIIc.|'|{rIto
pal{ a p rr Il }tIl't' yolii
.CaJIr, el
rt eori,
oer'r,r
rt .ro.lr.l,
lopel
yp
ro yJITypI Jraopl oopoo
eeo'
ro-oey. o oo ot'r, 't.o o
a'
o epooo
.ya!I3I\4 peal]Jle}le
o] rro
oorrle
a}I e .Mr' putlt 1.aottl. tloo a.

67

HaoaIe

erl(yapor'Ic

aJlrir yypI' pee 06 oIlI 3ae ee

eaJIIlo aoe o.
.'Cye yo' o opoI' oe o paoe'
aapa a aepae ooIe 3ao-poco
yypt. ooy e ee By llo o.
epoa peeoa xyoeea yypa.
a B o r' oopolvt oo ..yrooe''
pe6e . ae..oe
ep
xyoeoo ope''ll Xadeeeep M'
Paor pa3e pI . ', 1993.
noa aeIx xapaep oa peeeoo xpao ye -errea
yaa
oa l Io' oep(al eDr. o oopee.
o oer oeI' o3aaet oaaer. a
oeo popeee, oo opor, .
a era' pyo - paa eoeoo aylt. parropar{ popa Io' apapa
o oa' po o}ly' m o e o.
Ie oe eoo eooc.
6Poarr pI ooaa o ooeo a }la.
ey ypay' eo oaGroulro ooo ypI yao ppeea yrraat
tl o
oe, r eoee. oro ee oec ao.
o 3 xotlI e eao oao ox - Gsammtkunstwerk.
- ooa o o.
opoo papIae l aee eo ooaI
aer y o oore peeeooy xpartoy paiy.
7ero y eI Cleoo a, eyaoe oee arro oo, pye eaypre eI' oopIe ooa poeo yype a o oe ro opao.
E ooy poeI
py aalo a roopao'
o ee ar co }lo.
a eopaoa,
eoelra xyoo yypI oe
l odcaato aeoe Blltle oa a oe.
ylolee pae oeeo ypI.
9 Cey 3ane' oao' o peI ao aro o.
r errer{}r pyerrro ooa' peopee. .
I o.(tp!{alt{x oppoae
eoe ell1.o' oopIe a poe oo ,l.o.
eoo opoa rrl oeeo pa3
poeo yypI.
l0 B oe o oo peDte' o oeJtIe IJI poy.
3 eIx o.
oaII o loo
pa aro oo 6v, poo.
a po.
ll.,oya r? I? ltya r e?'', 789,7, .l.,139375' oo,
ye rI y.
'2 B epeyule a atte oo6eo oaaeI poa pI.
o6opo, ae a
eoee at pay
Ce.ya l(oe, Ce-aap oe, par a lCopoeoo oaa ppe . .

68

Haore

ag1.I

c'.llYaDoJI

acl.

. Hoa

.{oo oppe ([Capo, rraIIoBI)

epepe o3la

Myra o }roIvta opeee B lvty3IIo3aI{ epa o3er poa3a pe.

ott3a. Hrop a eoopIe ya r' B oo.
plx pooT apa yo ilro3l at opao, oe' - yt ox IvroJl1ta
e yle. .{eIlreo' ofiIlo copl{ o

ivlBoJII!oM ee B IvIy3Ie a eoglo

Be.
Ho e )e oxa rraJlola Bo o:eao a }IyIaJIIroe
opeo l\4ya or0 epl{oa (ooo 19o0 .) ee o
oI1rlIII
aegla.
Morro a,e eoa
opa.
eo oep Ce
B l{eoTopx
epa)(
Ivly3Il{aor0 3oile - ae }ry3Ilao
aypI' pye ByoBo vIAr.Hapep,
po JIIlIl B 3a.
eo pye' IrMale opo lpJia cpaI{' TI y3Ilao
a y}rI e3aBI.rarpl
l4Ix J.I{oD( aI{eIoB o}IortD IDI' yrr.r apa.
e - o aao rpao Cee.
a pyx IIa
opea'
}to.
3M IIpoB e }ty3I' oea IIe oea.
pa oep. oopa
oox oBe.
erli4 IvroI,I3lvla - 3aor0
o e oep (Cp6u, !e6cC, I[Ia'oB'
aep) e ,al{oo }roa r or (opa pooo eII' lle.
3a)' payp}roe Iee p.) o o pttIx
69

Hrloae

:(pol

oIoB a ooIo ox: Hpaa, Cep poBeee' ao yBTBe!a Tpa' .{oBo, Beo olvl.rree. B yre aul ae oTpa.
fie apo opar, xapaTepIe pyx
I{oB IyBa epaypI: 3oI/tllee aI' Be.
oaDro,{re
oeaDrI' apoe erxoo o.
It' Bope Mep a ao rya eo.
Beoo 6l. Tr , rre a}Ie pe3MepIe
Mo yTeI Tya' epTyplrIe |BoIIIe opa3I axo 1vly3Iaoe ooIee
..po..Cao}te''
oepe
Papa paya, B opleporx
..opo
Mee'' ..oMe Iaa''A. Cpa, oMe
pBIx'' (o ap A. a) C. PaxaoBa, oep
.,opaelll
a,' (o . Cooyy) Apaa a..Ca
oIoBa, ox uoa
rp'' (o
,.Aaop'' (o
)
o. ay) Cepe Bao,
H. Mooo' aoe' ox oe
.,BoIe eI'', ..CaaB
oex o}rax
..pyr paa''
Aa oeMI'',
evaa ap.
oBI.!Ia'Tpe o..e o Ho'' (a e pe.
eeoBoo poo oa [. Pyrll epeoe 3Beor ooo oTa Taeyla Moo) Itapo aooo.
e e, e oop o opeTe aoo 3
peIx o}IoopoB o' To aI Beo oa3Ia' o IvIBo3My ]vlofiooe vfiIIoe.
Ie oe. e oTaoro pe - yae
a ae Cp6a lapoa' peoa.ala
a x ya oooa o tvrBoIvra;pye o}Io3opI - It. aot, P.pa' C. Paxao, H. Mo, eroppy
oe opee oeae pa3IIx' ea oIx
y o pya eIlllleLrx !:e.
B ao oIe }ro }ryIe po.
e B eo.eee opeTa: po -e.
l+Iey' epeo opaIy TpalleIvl Mpooyle (apo vu) tl eao -lvloovey'
aaey' aIy yBJIe Booo (fle.
, Pae, ao). Bpoe' y eoopx
o,Io3opo pa Me}y By TvI\eel
oaao parI.
opao, eaI
ltapo op' aBEIItvt

pyeap
3II{ar
Bpa'
IIIaypa,

?o

.Hoa.

.'oo op1pe1'

opepoBy
Baepa P. paya'
JIay aT.
y aooo.
Toa, eaoT' o/I B arrr peo eJloeeoo yleoa'
eTI
o Hpae,
xoo
ecl l yoo elll
ect
earr yoeo yl.eoeo.
apo
e o.
3a Boeo apae'
e op a.o ele eBe.
oI e B Iye (o oo lvlyIoa
r ea p oIo oooaT I{eI]oBTopy op.
aoT
eo yaHoT).
oapoae
o tl.
o BopeTa }poe' a o ' orare
Tl\4llo.oo
oLrllllo
- ae e' oopIlvt'
olvll!(o TI69, Bp o-o oluoopo
r

ae ao e' a ltapo.r. Aop ..pyo.

o paaa'' Iae yoyypo.e cN|vI.

llei]y opa' ItoTopy pa ae p

o e p a Ix aBTop o ( ov e a
oa
..Cep
poeeIv,'e',P. Ipaya, Bopa o,
olvlI.Aaop'', ..Molrae'' H. ooo' o.
ea oa ..opo MepBIx'' C. Paxaoa p').
ao.oovea
opeTa a.
ooo oTpa B o pIx..Max'' ope.
aIx ..aa'', eoopIx eIx a. Itpoe
oO' pe epo o opa poBe a
ovrcy (epaypr poa ..e'', oepa ..o.
po Poep'').
!ocvlcBo ye' oo opoI' 03aao orli e epa oor,r, pyo Boo.o Iaee ya xyoIra-opa o.
{ee o eoeIoleo' o BIo oTBIvr B
yTollo-eypll
eop ( yre - o ypa
Aapa Cpa). e ro pervre
Beeo, oao, olle o lapova yxoBIIo
e}Iy oo' }o e yxo pBal{y' o yo}aBepa peypoBo pa.
rraooy' poe' ya ra eoor,r
pyoo yoIvra; o oa a o eppopoao trl yB' yorreo.papoBal{oo .
Te}Ia' IoTopIeB Iroy pya BeIo Ia' o
eop ya pea, oe} ..apa''.
Boora oe MyI oo.r ec<|euI
opaIe ioBI, Ilagg, oo6o .ro,
Ipoo pl4Bea peBIe Bo3Mo)Io }Iy3I.
ao apa (opaa apaea a oa 3
7l

Hrroare

e:t(IaDoe

aet....

yrrareaIxep Ce), oopo oo pacop (o ra' 0 ear) eeI

eaI{3lvra.

ool

eo lvtoo aa

B cTIc.

re aor pea:e Beor Ceeoa f.

aa ICa' eopaI oax pao oopo o.

ee :rwl eee peeo popl!oBallI opeIe eeI oGparre (la, py).

peoa
apo, ao
]rap olI (epr plrrrr oep Tpe .
..e
o o'' ae)l p
o aoor
olvtoer' a e oa), o o oe ee o
eI{I4 pooooIx oIoo ] o}tI ltapova
opIlMaI a oa-apoee' ollla.aroyy.
ee' o}ra.aoolrlefl ; oI aooo - o
oa.apa' oa.ea' oa.aa...
oo y o}lo3!lopo...xoooB''
oBae 3a oo paalypI.rEteoo eB (o.
..5/pee
a o}l
opr'' y apoa - forma
wewnEtrzna). p ao Ir0T ote Itooepo.
g eoop opoopayr pal\v! cTvI.
alvleTpvI' a F'JI
op: aeye
oerrI{ eeo opr apooe eoe
r Ie' eIe a oee pax ax y.
a' oopllIe Ifp. o aae opaavIt| oao.
ooIx, pexarx opr, I{ooetIx Bo.
oI. B o ore poee Br7aJII{o}l po
poeoppoa o aa apo. Coeopae
eo opa pa a,eoe oaee o aoo
l\ep, cv!I{.apaopa pep3I' oao.
o paoepoe aIlee JIeI1ta}l papao .
Ix paetro opr, repeo lo e pa3eoB'
paIx.o o}r yrr.
eppea
Moapaog
oprr o.
..Caa I{ Aa'', yIeByIa B yIoee.
aI
_ol'ly ar pep. Bopyro y ArrI C.
:r(v]!,
dur p.rrcr I.r papa6o' oy. Tpyo ya.
oI{ ooe }reo pepI' o oa oelae y.
paeoB
papao. Taa oroyoao
(oo.
olleppoa

o6ooDo
poceae
opr
rc) aerop opoBalr paBvffvI. Tr .
..oo peIpI'', IoTopIe oae Bopalee
el
ooo oao yp papao. Boa op.
a a oo pepo - oaofil e}rae.
7'

o. epeo o}re' o plll opoo6pa.

oa epe a oopyee ltruro erepe

oe oepotvlaleo oprra.
Cx ore oMeTI oprvroopa3oa }lI ao.
. pyx poe otoo 1900 . Papa
paya B IIolvI..Cp poe*|e', arae
3oIIIpea epeeeo eo e}raeoo ae.
paa erepepIo paI,re.oa oao
oe B oe; Pt!IIe poaeoo epo.
a peIe opy oaIe ap oyy.
ao poBee aIlerro orrr o etvra.
ex apo' paooellIx a epr 83 Belta
aollllo. Bvreo orx oopIx yro Ilpeaae.
ol, r eo JI oo epoa pe.
rrrr apa oprvrI- eaI{!lea apa' IaIIa
oa pe. yaoo 3oIlI. o pe
peae arre y [IIaoBoo Cp6va.
B oee poo op .Aaopa'' Ho.
a Mooo .,IrIa''
opaoo peIe a.
ae B oae o ppI ooe al4ea ee oo
a ey ..Cp poBeee'', e' a' Bopala.
e xoa oao.
ore otvrrrI oprvloopaoBall.Ta.
aa AI'' ..BeoIx ee'' apova poB p aae IIolvlI..opo reprx'' Cpe P ax aoa.
oevy opao opr ..pyo pa.
Iae''apoa - aoo .r{eoo o apoeIo
o ata oya ooopa. Itoo olvlo.
oaa eIaex eDreoB A B, oep)ralx
or v,oore paT' .,Bype
opa'' oe eaa' orveeao a}reTp, oaaeo o.prryo poope B oo.
oIex }IaTpaa A B..{poo pyypI apa.
ae p ooe ya - poxo popa.
oa oo pyypl er o o.
poe' aeae BIo,3a peI
aI{}lyIx op, a o yaIa a yer
aa 2. ore a}e o ooo pyypI
eoopIl oa Cpa c ux ee BaaI{o-pa.o apxTItToll.
B o yItt BIox ep Cp pe.
\
o}l o opr, apyr a oao.

Harloa

e.tolrrapo

.Hoa.

aeI...

6u*e Io oe oe BIo ypoBl{ Byo.

Bo ap)IeoT poEaIoT 3opoT B]i{e
a eB - ooe Bee B yt, eylee Boe aao 0I Baepa, - BeHe allo cal. B o
oTole I]JIoleprgrlex apaT a1'11ao6a
oBa oopa' peIola opry. ro laa, il yxe oo.
3otII
po' tlou{a eMaTea apa, oea..poepe- o,eo ylvral.r (.oa al{Caa'',
",u" vllea oaTI opeao).
'u'',
Heop a pa oe eao.o.
IHo opa o poBee, yoyl .
xooLIee oToII eoea, aa ole
ex' e e oopI
opoopayIe pI ae .,oo
pept''
Bpe.ra e
..oo papao'' (!er: ..ope'', ..Ho.
"u."o"''"o'.
ae
o}loo yp''). Ta aB}Io pxooB o..}rooTyIa
pyoy'
oaoo oo opl
oe'' opoalle oparo eaeo ae.
pa3B
3' o pae op poo eBo ..pe
(fle:
pyypI
pe.rao
olo
e
(ooye}roi\4y oIy aa>'').
\ aooo MI rlaxo Be aoT o1ue
peB' FIrx o.{e' IoMoo a}Ie o p.
a. XapaepI ye yoMI{yTIe oTxo o oaToTv!'c!rwreo3o}loTpa3B'1\4IIo}eBoBI.
ox Toe, opaMepoBaa apaeo.ra aypa.
Hapep, Tpe ro. Ha pr 3.'
o peaa opa. Ho o.rt 3 oo aao
eI poaeT 3a}r o MIIoe Tpyprro.eaT.
e opaoa' { atsy (a arlo o 1vly3Ia
Ipoe Brpaae epo po loep.
..eIe''eBa
pooI
opI. !oaa
e )
'opepoo aypt' po yBTeoT apo poa t{oBopo.o3BIIeo' a1lo
(a y
I{aoo 3{ae. Hy apa oprr
A. Cp6a P. paa) - apa yaoI
3orr epBoo peeo aoo paeoB oe.
Peple tvlovtIB pee}t pae oyy.
Cpe! pae - IoIlecltvl ae (oo
avrMeTpI]FIoopo' pe.
aooo)
1loo TpepaI}I o'Iee ao TetvIIpaea.
e o B aI o3 }alol a |<Bavlkt ]!{Tp
p}rT lpa o yp eao, o o

/Ioo orper....

aepIeo o. op oooo a py.

o a oe aao epoo yre' o
ar oTo r pe r oapyfi y
Cpa, le6ccl p.
p oro peo opoopay
po opoopuea ox opae ooo oeTo aa. B ooe poecloToo pya - oIe pI x ooy}roao paoo paeoB opr oor oe.
ppoBae a, paaI opyI' oI{30 eeo o pe[pI, aepe poe, oo
oBIx oparx oop. B op epoeo yl.
ao oprl peeIo IIoa pyoo
pee 6l, eoeo,6aar llroea. Tep
oa p oeMeTlloe papopae.
pr oMoo paBpIa (Itapo.
) apye a fuIyIaolvl ecvt, (ye 3a
oo y3Ilaoo ..IEtea''.
Bopo - 6oee ayaprrI; o oo opaBlro, apaeI(oBo' eeoB aooo
oop3IvIa.
a, 3e tvre tvrToea
l\dyIa o e poBeH , pvropeare pe.
eo T3poaoe Ipa}e.
pe.rrr

1 Jarocisll,i S.
Debussi a impresjonizm i symolizm, PW, Krakdw 1976;
Capao,Q' C oe. ., 1989; T. I,vra
IvryII{a
aaa e yo,e() ()'t' o.
.' 1991.
! Wis1ht ln . arlw iz ,
Y oung P oland nd th usial in. d e. S iel.
Cam rid g e Univ ersity rss, lg g 6 , p . 9 9 .

to

Ha"o'

. paoa

Capaoe yo fpaoa B llepo

opa (aeo, Br,.[yo)

aa 'rrrA Itpaoa - apar ogr }toilr o paBy TaTfl ol poe lloBo .

oJlo}t y. o yy aIa Ceee, .
JIeIu l4oep' ygo Mooo or. A xyoro,
oop oo aao oJIoMy }ro)rl\4el{Jlvry, r
e.rrrri Maro.
ooo oey }1y3Ie'Mey B o3'
Ma e o o T o p e o r o aBo ea
ore epoey ay. Ce.y I{aa' o Maeo ]vrooa' or IBe oo opaoe ryBo a epoecl ypoe' oIaB yoBIII.
e pea o eo poI,raMe aI B ao
oe, a 3a ee peea. ooo ra a.
xopoIo 3a
fie Be, e Pe, Maeo
poer, poxoIe poolvl ye. Be o
eaoolvl' pTopo paoo IoI 3II
ry' eo aay Boo oae oBoo oo.
e xoo. ooy areo p}l a pye.
]o}r o pa}rapBa e oo ra.a 6 o.r.
e' o a yaerr yyteo ooeIx
yrerro or, poop y Epoy. ecl.
oe Mao ya apIpyTI pao.
'",u''o,
Bea, pao.ap' oTopI aa oaBaT o l.
te oaI{' By aooer y.
1

.paoa'

Caparroe

yTo

Daoa

eDolt oepa...

Cpe ex epoex epo aeo vare

eo 6r apre' e eo apI eoopao
apa}a ooIM lvlea. eo yom
p ayoo ope a oeoo eoa. B a*l e
po BaI{e oeTl{o ea Aae Paa
po. a opoo: ooo ..a o praolvt''
ey p{ ep aI I{aI..opoeo a .
IyB''. !a yae lr4ory aay oa .ae
ap epaop pa o, oe 2 o6p
1880 oa paloBy aepy Maeo. B aooo oe 16 eap 1883 . aa PvclfIpYrac
rra aye 3aeoo xyo,ra' a o pe B ap
trroy oy Bo lapy..Coe o Beo''. B o
e 1883 . a Baee opoeBIo}I a}re opoa.
a ea ITaBa aox aprr. Carrre
ore ooa eoppoa B paIx epo.
ex llDpoax: Bee, epe, pae, yaerrre, a.
pe' xee, pee, Baprae, oe. Hapar,
NIeta' oeIe 3Ba' o e 3Bae oopa
oo' pBoeo eo}t y}IBepeoryt
Ipaoa 1887 . - Be o ro Ipaee pa
ay e}do aepa oprleo ro. B oe
aapr Maeo ypeae I{e ooo.
o y.o}I{a' yBeeoo yoi\{ I:paEa' pe,B.
B eaeorvr yyre eo paBeT.
aa poea oxpae aIx
a}lI{o paoa, BoIIpoa paBpa ooe.
ax apxeypx oopyilei a Cyee
Bae alvlo' }Io opaaBIII o pel.
BaIII]tB IiIM apoo apoa, Maeo ooo
opoo o/Ia eooo Bopo}reL7,
ea
yB a oo ooe.
r yr IrIIM Jreo Ior {I
ItyB 1852 - r858 ., aeo o pyI{oBo.BoM
Boer eaoa Baaa yra ooo IypoBa aMl ap' oIpaJI B e
a a3Iae]\4Ie..}IBoIeyeIeJ1'' - g3p61.
o eaore eo Boa Jro yxe
6.IIoerBeolvry aJlero aeo y o.
oa' aa peoaBa oe IIx y. B
aolvl pao epee poo},Iy pooy po
oprpoa aa aeo. Ho ar Ivryo}r
.oxoe eo 6r B Cor eo I{aer

HaoaIc

elryapoe

aJap B IvIapaIIJtoIvloee }paroBa.Be}e )t o.

oBao oopaee aeo, I{ 1o o pIIoo]*I4T'
iro ltoa-r!/r6 epy opo Mapalor oa
oo a pxo]tavfr]''I{o a yo}I(!I' p3aI
ylpa peBl{e rI. [oy, oa Ba?t 0poa peoE{ eilIy 3a oxpoMe eIo oo
rpepo oea' Maeo Ia or' eIBaI
pB . 0 ta .yea o3Mo}IopeaJl3oBa
te eI o Mollyetlao ,tBo' o e3 .
yB poTpae apx}reypI.
Peapa Mapaoo oa ra raa peeel Bepy ey epoaar oe.
crvl. Maeo I{a o o}t' a opaa oe B
epo IIo3o apoo e o yeeeB, a o o
IIoIJIoo IIoB3I. a re poa eop
..Cop pao'': ..poavalI epepI
B Ie
oI.ea }I opa' o)IaJIe'o HaIIIeo Bpe.
. oxa oeo 6apoo oaaa a oTe aaoe oBe. er oar, yeerI oa..N,IoHI''
B.
Nll,liI aaa' pa IrTepepy
C ree r,rryp, rpo p aprx e.
x pae, aeB x orrr aIvr, or
pa eppy ore ea. oe aape,
3a ee}r aol - aap Ba Cora' e ye.
e o. Bo opo oBe IX . aI' oao'
oopIe Beplry Ie e are ypao. To.
a oI{RlIa oxpo Maeo''1.
Po Mapao oe a Il\1I
IIoBaopBoIvrpoaBeoo x.yo}a. o ava pa.
..op'
IBIJ|vIoy a IVI 1889 .' ooll tt
aII oIe'', To a oooao oe opatlrrroy Bxoe B Iloxy' oaBIIIy o e B
..Maeo oe oa ae ae.
rrpepe oea.
I po' oopI oLla r opaJItIINI xy.
o)IegTBeII Ip a?eeM oIloBpelvleo ap o }II4.
o oea epepo' e axo aap Ba
Coa eoeIe oe I.rTpa'a aile
eee oore B}Ia poBee opoo
yypI ooo Bopore. ooy Maeo
poepoa apoI eo}r py eopaBHI o.
o' eo oy paeIe' peeIe
rype oI' pye pavIpao oo.
m Boporr.e' ooo ppeTpy oa
78

. ye99e.'qge!oe yrtso paoa po o].(epa...

eapo ea. oxp owlue, o rrre

1889 - 1 8 9 1 ., o Ilaeoa Mae o aao oo.
o aoroo apaB ooo eopaTBIIo.
o ya' oopoe oe eo yy paBa Tae xyor, a Br Mexoep''2.
Boorreer pao apra po.
ce' Maeo oBllo epy B Bo IooI clpocll c
JI lpy3 Ml{or0ee0 rrJ4)Teo0 pya I{aJIopevl ooI{a' oopD( yBoBeJI parIo erIepoo o"rr. yrv Bpyr eoeoivt' o
o. a r eapiy oep}fiy e. o yoa
e oooIl' ooI}r oBI oatvt'
"rmI y.
BepI I4eIo ea yTB lvtoylvteaoT.
B apax. poe epe JvIeIIvIpe.
TaBpaopa}r oeJla epe pyltoBoeetvr ex pao
apeopo Taeyre CpreI{M Ilpea or,
eaoI Maeo. CrrI, ypyra o).p B a}lo pI4ToepBa JIlIa rypr aro. peIo B]Ie curraI BIle pae eTI.
Cy o lloBaope Maeo 6rpo papopa e
oo o paoy' o o e ore. oe 6lt aMIe paopeI. He oor'o e pT. ..Ha oxpo Maparror oea I.raoparI oa BopI
e yypo o.rr. oa IIBaa TI!I eM
oapeB' ooy oe J.Ieeo OI:tlIaa(/
pe)rlrrx pao Meo. Heoopre cvrca e .afie
yaeo eoao) xyoa. Ha oe yyprx
om Bpee olla, eotvlo, ra -To l{ovr.
opeeeHllIe pe3oI B olvr' o <Mao a
eopap apaor oea pa y ay Ee po' a.
y a ae Ipa pepaaD>''3.
.{ oo or yop xo peTapa, Ma.
eo oe 1889 . pe paoe Boeo yea
o o II }y Caaa Broo' oop py Mapaoll oee evl Me.
.. paea
e
o o}Ieo eepa''a. Bree Br.
1 eooe pe a aol apoa}III paapea4 po - paoa pyo ye ivra.
pa _- e Mxoep.
a oo po3eee Boeo v:TeII.'
Br te ae oIpe : ..Hoa e poaa'
vo Maep aI{ Mo}I{a''. a apTa Ma.
eo oy}ITaIe' aBIe. A y py aI

Ha

ee po3paIe' ce pae popo.

aI pooIlo IvIo' vIvftl6e, epIIIe
pl/to' oe oapoa., o r oapoa oIl\lI'oepIeo eeIllt eo y Meo oBr e.rae o ao e o.
oo *"o'',"".
pa6oe

yyre. o xoe 6r o6o .

o
TIII.
peeBeloBIe
paa
)8Ivt
Maeo, BI{ ya vea' op)ra ey
Bee Mexoeporvl o}ree poea Bpa]ra
..Too o' o Be 3 orlo
ooo ea:
apl\4olrlulpoa yoM CpeeeoB: oeo ap.
eypo oea' aTape pel\ apI paa peepye''. Moore xyo}I{ 3a
paoy' pa3y ,Ie I paI1rIIB vI 3aluIax.
Mexoep xoe' or Blpar 6r eril ll ptl,
earrr 3 }reJlom a' ao}ralorer .e pa.
r pe.
erII ae. Brtlit a ae:
lvroI.e.
pyo'
oee
oe 6oee pol oopl.t lt
t, .re. peove 6r o orpre oto.
g ooI oop'' 5. Maep o}le 6r p.
p pye. o rpa 3 llpoeo aoo aoe }lree. B ore ooIe xyofi r rpr Bolvr ep.
Il p o ee Ll f,Itv|'
po6er paooile poe a eax o.
a o peIa' oBey apxlreTopo Taeyre
Cpre. Be pao pyoBo a aeo' o
I,t3y a poeIe ea BIoo BBpx' e
Br epeo oporvlIx apoo {e
elIe opaMeIII a eI. Haore JraTe BIIIa.
JIo a o Broo pa6oe ..ae ar.
o'', ao a oxpotvr. Marto' oa y eo
I{ ola3ao oee o ooBo pyBIvloB'
oop oJtII 6r yparu I ootl' opr{
Boy a oxole Moe pe yrrIx
epeex e6' 9 aoB aeoo o.
*po," Broy pIBaIr 10. o 6l BIo.
r yxe oofp }ITe. o r Broc' apoI Maeo a}ra oxpoM6l }loBIlvIJIo.
o pa3B oleeeoo ya.
Ba l{paoa pepao ol4a' o .
o py, poe Maeo, e topar ao py.
..epe xyo]rotvt oa eea po.
EIo a:
ea: r yp oea axo poBee cEO

.pao.

Capo

y.r'o Idpoa ro,l oltDa

IyTa paIx ox' opo o)a ra a.

opa JIeIx elvreoB.
Maeo, xo e apeopo' eoeIlo yBTBoa xapaep r' eMy yao porry
ay y oIlFleom T opao Be e
eopaIe ot. ooo peeeoBI Map
o ye y ea opa ooao oo.
T' o p o}l - opaT eo cTvI,,,1
.
B 90.x . )( B. aao oaoee opo.
. oe pooBo peaparr aerrrIINIpo}r
Mao epy x epBoazrrylo pory. ep a.
p.y aJrape Ba Cora pe}r BTpaa}rI Il.{I{M'
oo'llll!{ rV ' pea{lvl eI t :/.t6JIvr ooo aea, oxpo Maefuto lllfae o.
opeaeoIo aparoo oTea a opaer o.
yN(el{ao.eopaol) tt I{oBo0 peMe.
o B apaBel{ 3a y xapa.
ep3}tlo eeo Mo aepoB pa3I Tpa.
a' aI peea l\4oepa' Bolae opeo xyoto A6paeIdoo pyIa' oaee
eopyoo . Haoao.poaI!leoe apae oy{o ]vlol Ivryo ooB .
eoT B Moepe' B eo apxeype' B eoppoe
epepo. ooo teeieo oaee ro pe.
ee oo }I3Il o otreBa eo opeTBolvttloBoo olleBa oBoo ea yT' .
a e}opaBo.paoe.
oa ra pepao .{arvro oepa' eo
yo.ooe e oo A' pa
vr cap1 }lo ore. oa yra opao}r BIo.
oo a pep I{Te3a ya apey.
p, ol{a3Iar eree Mooao.yxoBtIo
o a eoBa. eo oe BreMaeo BlIe aoaoo . aeo oMa lla.
oaI cvt o e oopao rpoe oy.
{eaoo ya' eo opa}IProcTe}a, IIpoyToo oItvre4 l{oaopo opr.
C rr o ao}lolvl Te opo Ma.
o 3 yepee o IIx y aepr
yypI' o]vta' To oeo ae yyle yooaa ora po. pe.e o paeT
yBa pa}a' oopr, ooo .paoerr}rI I{a}tvr' .eoppoa epepI o oopo.
81

H.

re yr I Iero or IIx .
ItyT' Iya o oTyI s 1852 .' aI{}Ia o pyloBo.
gBoM Boexa op Caepa Bacaa yruBI1t(Ia,ao aa po}tBa llepe arape Ba
Cora, ea apo. o oa po Bea pex
rrpae ooIx rrpoeax' IoeItIx paoBDI
}raepa. oop urqecl<a 3B)ro p a ra
poIr }IyII{aJIo eo. Haorr' t{'I.ooTe xy.o}t.
Y|fr|a'par.*rre ao, r peoaaee }ryI
xoe io I oo0 ro e yIlao. a
pay.
]{aBIIIaa a o a. C a o apaeJlo
)o.
o
eTa
Ba at}tI')a IoI' o
Perrr r opeM }ItBoIeM'o Ha.
ooIo Jreoo eoBa apIe oar
.. o a.
66tloee eooo epea.
xo ap ax' ppoaIx }Iypaavl
apIx paBlopax epey eTa oMa' oe.
xoB, yp?' yIlar pye' yTBap l1 po.
o oo pauti opae (yp o. - ..), o
pa ay oIo opoa pyo. Cpora
afie opae opoe rre o apIx evae,
co6pa epr IIa}lIx ox a vI llaIxYI
poa apoey - apae.
exo. r
o eBa B a. Co peee a pyo a}o.
oI{' a IIoIre -.ItI. Ta oo peo
opae (oy]vreo>apo yypI.
- o o <ap))'Mo (apoea))' - o.
- xvy r ople}r IBopa.

}a Ia aaya' ae
3IIa'

o)e
e}r
IIIJIe}IIo pIap vr avte y a. oppeI
oeo' vlao' eooB o{e opa. Itoa a.
y a,6y apaT' or a ruox apTax o
6l atlloe }Ia e oorr. e y?e e TpIta PaBoB' leaa oex' eoo aox, oox...''8.
Capr yIa pavre Mao e yB.
yexoB
Ia. o yep 1860 . o ye ye
e
..otot oIe''' B
aIe oT
I aorr
aorvre opoMoe aee p,.oaIoBIe''ovpe}Ioo opl{lleoo ea - apI. Paoa a
ro ooar, Maeo o}rIaJIeoo
poe: a opoI pep o ITpaBa N{a.
eI' o"" oey BJIaToMy llTay e poxo.
82

.paoa.

Capaoe

vTo oaoa cDo oxepa...

[ee' Iya a I peIeBeolvl pe{epoo eapa . o r eopaor, oTlolvrpo' o.

BeI{ee !t aeyIlvt oaooo alo. o o6p a pItB' aypa' ee.
oooe aee paa xyofiIr oy o.
oBTyrore oe - pooa yyreo oplllle.
oo epoara. Ta, opoeI or Copa, rrteI
opo Cyra Capo, opoaa paaBa.ella
Maeo - Teoopa. yorr 3a ee ele eoo, ra apolvt opoe B. o oxpa pBaI{.
o Bly a BI }IttI o oroBeIo o e
e - Teoopo ueIp e - poBo a}r I\
ee py3I}!' oopIe o}Ie oxoo opoBaII E,'
opl1rIxap Maeo, a opoa lvloe
paBlll paI{oBI{o rerr.rro .rrr- r{e.
re, oreIe LeTeIIvI,
a oa poo .re,o
po oa oe opax opo eaeo o
o}Ia' e o Maeo op 1873 .
o ry poIe eaI - to, e po
24 tlo 1838 . e 1 op 1893 . epeao 6c
eo epe. Teep B orvreNs17 a opao ye
opI Mye a ao. Moo yBe B l{e]vroI.
6e xyovfi<a{ooepyoe' B3ao e0 rr
opecBol' ao aMeaeIe py' I4BIe cof| pe' aapoI , rlpeyaaIe y Moepa.
B ro Maeo epe pae opafie.
aoao.oBooeo Boa. ooa
IIoBael opa' Bo3 o oa}I opy)re' epe.
oeI yoIor. .{a eo apI paa rrvry
ap o oe Moa l IyI
MppoBa. Bop o pae pa oooo6tl, aeo aotvla ..o o proaolvt''
o ro oI Ie IloBepreo o.rr. .{ Ipa]el{lt ort of e' y,r r oy]ueaI
op r, pe le, oItt{oBe rl ae c.
Ix Ma' eoIx Ie' oelolx oopoi
pyI o}II eIx Boo.
..TBI
peo-poa
ecv xapal{Tp
o prao}t'', oo opoI' yaIa a yopeo B BopeBe Mafuo pa po}raa' o.
er epIIl B o3 Mea Coaro' y.
re IIIoea' a pyr - aeae y rroo oye.

Haroae

e}llyapol

aII...

ao oo opaeo ye. cce.

y ey aeoBo opr, poeop yr
Car oe oopa ,, Maeo'' 01!{a:
,.Ceye e e
eperr erlveo oor
peotvra, e oopoo e ro r Maeo\]'
e Io 6r BIo.lc' e Io 6r opo''9.
peaeo' o oxpo Maparoro oea oJrya Ioy oey BI pegaBI4T
ooo aBartapa )o( ., loToIvl otto Ty
lre. Broe yol' o pI{' o
or yaree ryaMo a o Maeo ay Bopo poo or. B ae' pea}raeo
..He'', T.e pea.
I]aTa BapaJIe
ot{oaeoe eoBaIIe eae apao o.
po}r' yapBa aI aTI t{o
IIoJIoo oDIaI{ eopaocTvl a}Ie pee
aa opo 1917 - |922r.
Ma aepl paoy Mapaolvl oe.
e 1891 . }It ey oaao ooo Byx e' o o
ye poo'r opoy yruey. Hyro oIvI' To
eo aeooy oepy oa )to
oaa olvl BIolvr pao B epap yB
ilteo Toa' a epoe BeIo' oa yea B oo
epe o o3oa.
Py XIX . - po' ayr a..<raoe
Bpe.
aeI{e 1896 - 1914 ., o
.,ao
BpeM''
o3a.

o
oL1,,1o.
)) oo
po paoT 3aa E3}Ioo xyo}ra. Co
}IoBaopBoM }rapao opolvr oll TIvIypoBa
oBoe ooee ]Boe' oopI opa o opee oI|a. opa opoM Maeo pooEa.a re a pofite ]vlo .eTe . Hot a aeoBI{oe aee avI
pyer oe yBoBer yr Ca.
ctptil Map orea, oooa opoy po
pa}ooo Mapa paBT eo opaeoo
yTBa or oT o oBpeeo.
B opeeolvl apaolvl y or o poe IyJIITypItIolvlo*to Moltyea.
x pa?re ]_ yBye lt{y' l oT .
ll le aeo. o oa }tpaoy ooey
oy I}llx yT' peopaoaylo oe B
Aae - oy aperx pae. o oa
84

.pao.

CaDao

v.l.o aoa Do oDa'..

eylo ey oapeIx xyo{o' 3 oopIx I.

e 'c'Caa Br.
pao oo C.Broo e Bep.
Ie paeo eTa' oHo IIpeyaIBa' o
3II eo ye opoo. rvry ro oTI]yIeo yo
HeIIoIx 38 e, o o}l cTaroxo B op yypI oIl: paype, eape' )o, B elopa.
o.pJIaoM lye' paveo oope
]typao' lvloyeaI pox Bp.
ax' oreeo}r ye pooy opoy. oe.
yIe ITooe IIa3oBy eo eIvI oo oaB B o p yxoIlvl Bo)I.au Mee
Mee, Coa, ITTggoivI'Blvtee Mao.
o po 15 ap 1869 ' ee I{paI{oBo.
o }'Topa par.rIea Broo Map Pooo. ry Io p oa' oa e]vrepeexaa
oo?lt Baeoo xo}ra a apy laorrylo,
re ao yy. Ha aroryy o por
3M peeor o Ns25. B eIpa JIeT a.
a raeIicop !yor (1415 - 1480),
BoIITa opoeB} Ioe. rr !yor aa
a aI oooI{r py..op oI'' 1'2.
ax - o peeillIllx pee o V .
Maoyry Ca aIIo vtoe' oa
oll BI\{e oo' Ilraep vINIaI\IJIINI
pao Taeo
eap I872 r' epeyJl opo oa .{yora. Teep
3 paooa Nlapa' a ao 3axaa aeo, or yBeT oI yI]TypI Boe.
o aHeo pe pavrea Broo. Cpe
l1oBI ay ox opoe, ooB' opl+lex
ee, pe floao ooe, ao'{BIIIx
}raepy, Maeo yB eooooo DtaIIa'
oIeo a pyoi\,l.
o r Ca. oe MepT ap paa opo e I e o C a a eo p a' p oa ep a
aep oaa (a) Pooa. yr ypao
ee Mao, 1880 . oa BIIaay 3a eo.aBeo
pya x},o)ta apa Caea. B 11 e' oe
ooa!{ epoo aa poaeo a uIvINIe
r C. Arrr, Ca ael{a poIr .oo !yora
BN{rT'e N{ooo}{ellaN{}IaaJI olleaT 3 ooo oa
pyo. otI ao Me ItRappI' oa aoIe
1883 . e oa}IoB co l6op a )/oo{ oN{ a ytr.

Hartoa:le

e'x,lyapoIlte

aKl

e ae. e y Caee ra aeo ' .

a Ca, oopI apao opoBa pepoy.
..aop o oo'', o oaxI
eo aptl
..Pae
}to 4ea,'11'
aa:
o ooa D(IIa}ICaa Br.
oy o yeplre' or yra
epapy' opto' oo. oee, e ppIBa
a aII, ava }}r oe II yB'
ya paIlpopI o e pt{ peop
Maeo.
a e)r oapeo Bro r, aeo aIa e}ry oe oe Eo.
' oe}t' a Belvr oaEII yea. ooy
3 eo raepo BIIo oe ooee paooporr.
x aao. B roorex opIBax Bror Maeo yIraa poBeIIy yy aI,tII{oapaBJI
B pyo opeeo }IIJI yBa' opeooIe
a poIo. C o e o opaB Broo B
yeIe o a.
r oo epe yao aopo aoo JIea. ara.epeBII pe}l yalvl o5raa tvroooteoa apooo ra, povtlo BoIa B er ?3rr, o 1890 Iy er ooeae }rea
IIoIIa eflpI poo I{a. g aa pa.
gBoa o eepoil alrg* part' py orle.
e oopr. oa eparr,ev|, Ap. B a.
p}e' polvl ll,lpeoreo aepr rvra' oo.
eo rpo, I]rlvraeBroo pea pa.
yIa eopaIra o pJIa e oogt{o Ieooru rra aJlpao .
o oBoo r oy.rI oy' o yBe Br.
paoe, oa Mao pa e) p Jrllae paoe a oxpoe Mapoo oea.
B oo eIvIo 13 eap 1890 . o pa.
..
pta ae a ap.
aIae o oe paoe:
py o.
ooaa
yy
oee,
ae oa'
or oa o opotlI opao yr, po aa.
..Cea po.
pe'', a e o 19 eap oae:
ylo ro a ea... y)I{eB ee' x oI3Ia Mao. o a3a tvre'o o opo' ' aeIII'
}re o oe o6poao''12.
Coeo Mexoepo Br ea
apoI oporloo I.TpaEa' oleoo )I3Il
86

.poa.

Capo

yclo

ltDaoa eprioll ollpa...

peo.{er Map, o}Ie a xopo JIaIlvIBxo.

orr.a Bye 3 o}lo1)3 I{eM Broo' B
Ba ooa paa ra roea o eo poey.
oao pe aIIlaIIvI.|oBlpafi IpaIoIIeyBLI
/T\a.e y. Id oo paoe Bo
apao oee oHo 12 pare roo Topo.
r opafiee rpo l\4oopai\4ex' ro ooo oul.l.p ooe apaot xpaa paoa.
Paoa Mapaolvl oTeJIe ra Broo pooctl, oo TopoI' a pyo - aa Bo3.
1o]l}loBIeaT a oe Bpe ap }tae
1891 . C epepta}r o pofi apre p oa o
arya 1894. T o poo]r Boe opaoae IIIo.
e }I(o ltoapo. Bpe.ra ooeeeIo
Baacao Ce pBea o aepylo
oey. o Brt tl B eo oyere praepo (aa }rapTa 1893 .).
B ape Br pool poy a
Bpaol\{ oopa o oe. aa a eo o oy.
JI oIo 1892 ., yy paoe. Teo Bpafia
.,Ia
ta
a atpa'', epr r e.
aII B eape 1892 . l(paoe. apra Br.
li tlca oey pyy roay Pre : ..Ca oy.
MIa pae eTa o oolI!v!, rrapep
ep yy' e apxae Mxa ee eo p.
a.
ape, vI :aF, t|vl:lulory opoaoo
Beo eox yp Bofiy oy eoo Ia'
peo lvryoB<...> B.repa poBa ypy o6e.
eo oI''13.
B ape Br ooq.aeoT I{oletoo .rlvl
oer eoro }{e Maeo. poxo peer poe oppoall oe.
llof0 o o.ee all/rxpaoopaIx ea.
el* apo fi. o peva oIvr ora
Ba oa, aaa eIIorxyofia-opaopa
Aoa My*", ?lItBoIIro IIIaaa.
,.perae
oe a opeo
epeoIvl B eo )tBollotvrTopr' a oar ea.
par oI' eopeer oa ear.
lvl po3Be ekINIuIya' 3aoMo paI}r
erl}r ITepayprr apaer op.
poBa Brrrol - eoea eapa' paaypa
eapaoc xyo}ra. B ldpaoB o Beplry oa87

Harloae

}re(J[yaDoJ1I

ael'..

elvt ox ee oo pa' epy a xy.

oEIr oo {epe oBpel\4rrrrI,oTpaaI o.
Ie IaoI o,lBIe opyJII' xyoEI{' 3aI.
a{ yJrlee IaIo,I Boe yBo o eilt
e}I' o ro or}I 3aBoeae, oI}r oteM'
y o B oa eapa |4r f7llacTurl' vINIeI:roap
oMo apIT o BeeI 3a oyMel{.
ao opTpeo {tBoI...
apa ey o/,.
e Bopo Boo, oopo eo opaa
fttI.IPI.aoT
oa r aa Bo BOIII''14.
B 1895 . BIH o)r por aa
a oee oxpolvI paool oee Coo paa a paao ye. Cpovo a.
aa oa oeTo, o B pe3ye
oypa' B Ioopo Br rle 5raBoBa , 6 ]i
ape, apay pcyM )toa' )ttByr Be: ey Myoy parrey yp.
oy. oao po poo x' paaer
ola3a' a BIo' e o.xo.
Boo'elluI',
r. Be ro oooeo paor' po poea
yoa. Bo Toa.o BIIo o aeoo
olltoIe p po apaoo oeJla, o I
I3BaII eepa}to 3 epe.
r vra 1895 . Be opy Fo' epeolr oxoBel{e}r Br e a oa' epe.
.a oe Co para Aor, B
oopor I oopyle eIrBeor oTe. opoa
aTrpa a ooo y, 8, (re Ns10), ra aa.
ea aM' aoeHa ap0a' .rM I{a eax,
aaea 5rea B0. yo I{o I.xeI.
Ivloxaa}I' aJlaa x BI,OM
aporvla0'alt B .
e. o oMrr e]r' o o&r' o er - pae IIe
a rperrro ee' B rlpax o BIr /eIe orr o.
pe' ooo Coy pr,ry, op I{aIBa Ie.
r pa epaMvIITa pooBe a Il.
oae pye pae TavrTc,B Ito.
yBI ax opo}!Ix poB' ye po3' o.
eoltlt oalvr orrr, e eo oe*e pyoo
xoa' oTeerro oo.oyr aro4 payt}Ioo
IAlvIg,.
ere ooo, e ay' vla' po aIIIttI.I'Ba -e BI oe ao ope ooyr y
Brpa3eo. aoo a 6ro oe oI{o' oorIole orey op{a ooplla.
88

'pao'

CDao

vl.o Dao eDo.ll o,IeDrra.

Hepa, Balo(a JII{' I)a py.

Bo.)po}t(a{e oprur, BoJIa oIII4oaJIIryIo ap.
}eo' )ryoBoe ee' To Bocleoe
rxy Cpeeeo'E. B oga eBIlIM {Reovl ol\4'
o.epBal
oItoHo' oryp a otloBolloaa.
r vepm oo Cr. o r rpa3Tee BI{TaD(
ppoI - B IIea' parx'
B CTIxrIBoI ofI' B
rre eoeIx . ppoa' epeolry oro.
IeIo t{ IoTlpo rpIa pooBex C. parrr,r, ra
oBellea
Br}r
pox oIra.

,{py Broo' .Pe, a oa oxpoIo paaoo oa: ..oa opawrer

opropo 3 ToBaIII Bo, poMaIIIe' ooyo, BoB' MaIo' yoe, y a}.oo oa o eo. B ax, ooIx Iax' - Ie BeI: opo, eay' , oeore B' oyr e.
Ie oo}o''15.
t ooa Ie:,.I{ea ypaerrI
TaIEeypre o}tlIo <Caritas> <Maoa))' 3aoIoI poe e}ry oa peBp. .
ypa MaoI oaa B IapoEolvlyxe. oa oea
epeey oy yopo a. oa peep oaI (Ra' MeI Boeo 3a.
e' BeTyI epoo' BIlopao oo, eepalvl prro er pr. Maoa o.
paea p aoB; a eax' re a' a.
aI ayp' aII a3I po3I' BaHIe
Bapa. I{eI ypaaloT aEte Bpa]' oopI
ope r aaar Broy.
B arx ooIx Bpaax' IaIx paaM T3oB ax eToB. Br ir oe o.
e pecvIkI vIypoo perreeloo pool ypr Coo paa aeo Caoe. Teooeor oe ep opyfialoT Cor pa.
a' paBa ooIlvl poa, a p.o ypo
pa - eI uIpvIcaNI.Ceo.eI ay}t}t.
a oyoao.o}t oe opyla yI IJII
py Caoe. Ha oor pa}rax' oeoptolx e.
Ipe x, Bl opa 'ei, y.
oIx olIx aIoB oo' pI }e oore pee yoa Boe.
Be oee paaeB o oe poaT otvl xyofiBIIlvt BI{e}4, oBaT o.o
89

Harto

e,lyapoJ{Ie

acTI.

or o}lee, rpa' a o op.eJl' (yI.

tloT paaBa)). Ha oprpo]vI3 oB oll xo.
e ea p oxpoe, L|opaEaI '
o oax e oa a o. B a oa Ta.
Ee poeI p I cTuIYI3oBaIxoIx y[Io.
oa oxpo peBep' oepeoo ea e.
pao a aoo a ra aoa oao
paa oo a aoo ea, paol py t
oao poaoBeI''16.
Hoaopo xyoa aoyo a eotvla o opoI aaIoB - oo.paae.
o e xoe p pooapooT Ma.or
ao - .epeBrrx aIe oaIx 6a.
..Bepyre a e IoM)',- BoI\4yIeoBopa.
Maax.
}Iao yo, - oyMa' o a pa a.
p la!'' Aoepa I{Tp, eoporeaeBa e
Ilooa Bro}ly oo aoll po
paa. Maepaa opoa oepya oo aa.
poo: ey aIIauIBeIpe paa e, oeIa' Ho Blcv ye .,eapo]e poe
pa (oa 1897 . eo IIoB IIpa), oopre
ye a oBIivIoBor apao}I yBe.
B oa Bopy aBoo aap ooo ep.
a paoerx a epeBa Bpa}
..Boa'', ..e''. y.
i..Bo yx'',,.o o '',
IJIa,, CT|I,'
..Co
pa''
6Ioil yB IIoa Bpa}I
..Co
..aoea Caolvle''.
paa'' o.{
poa py yo}ra - pa o aer ea.
o. B 1897 . o apo ol epBylo pe
a oype peo3o xto Bapra. B
..aea''
Io3I.Ie apoa apIao aepee
l]pexa
Br rrepr o pa ?I<|.Ft
B oy I{apa ooo.
opa a ooy or yoo orroBaa
xyoIa. r eBa orr otvrpaaI ,I|a3lvle,raCaa' yaa tsoa 1863 . o.
BaEIe r poo pa aep, Aa Poo, oar Cp. o ep vl c6po r
ope)e payo. C pyo B pylax o po
o ltpaoy copa tvroro Beepao oa'
'
ae' 3aII eaEIx' BaIx ,I(aoe yle.
..Coopee {pa''
BoBa. p oa pafia
r ap oyfiIr pooo oa oa.
90

.poa.

Capaoe

ygro

Daoa

eDo. opa

Br ye gT Ix oeeoe
ooBo eoeeo lllo yBepa m B po.
x l Itpaa' opa}I(a{xlvlollJrlvIeao.opvr
l cvofl pe. Brparr ..Coopee pa'' 0oB.c. pye Ap, a opoa oee
ope 1904 . o pa poo eao
BIIeaee Boe o 6vleircoiloI. o o
peae Bo e oryIee opa Beo ar
IyMI{aor tvlotvleaa Tope.
..epo
Brpa }Ie
r{ Moeea r.
c', o e rfltlaerrr epr e ope,'
oa r oa e, Bl aolr eo oole oy pe pr'ry, oo ce.'oBalvr
..(yx
Creo a:
oril occ a oo''.
opaee a oa oo Ie{o vraepao
Be Ilyrrpye prooo -oBIIvt IIa}r IIJIaIvte.
Ta c||e-.oBr rae poooe eo, oeroe
oeeHIIvI eotvr o, oopIe popealo o
e}Ieu\y' o eprry I{ey IvIo{I}Ipa3paM'
opa yapa poa e Bolpy. r papoB
o IpoIa o oa oa. Mo oBllo
py o eIM ooa}l' o eoo ype. or
epea yoylo lvlo Coae, Br o6pa.
Iae oTpI oypa olIpaalvl eoBI oo'
aIx yro o aopo ypaaa' BeIaJI3My
oooo0 opo' oya op3orra
oaM' eIy eprro.oBo.e oI.
Ce.vepr apor e oaa' o }rI.
Broo' poo ooot l oeBo.
peetvr ooIx tvrllex o. Heapor pae
,.CBa6a''
oyoao -cl Be oyIa re e
eo e' oo peBela HoIe Be. oT
aBer e.o6o oop a yo oa a
ey paooo eapa o a arao .,cvle''
aepo Broo oe Ns157 (re 79) a
Itpooepo ye. Ha opo aeo Bappy
e}II4 olvIa. x aay aMIIao lvloe oroe
oelee TpIvIoa 6oo. Brparoe
}ree ooo Iirer apo le, oo
..IIo
peBpao
}tapy''.
oe yx Broo ap ao.
aIx Ioax oo6o oy oy a pae ..CoBo.
pee pa''.
91

Harloa

eILyapolc

Moro peoorr' o Beeerr o.

pa oa oa Boo oolee Bopeo ep orreeoo oBa' oa oo po3y.
,.!,a
6e eT''. B opa
ao pooI paraa:
o oo.
ao.
oa Coae }IT IIprIrIo
pe oylo Cy lyxa - peT oa Tpo.
l. .[x - Bo {3'Ia, l:.Ia aao
B6ll:,, coa oo. o eoa 3 paxa 3etvr.
oo' yEIy B o eo Ixae E3II' vI cTa eo.
e ye ?IBo''.
..Py a eIyT 3 3a a.
opoIe paoI, yypI, aaee MpI'
oopIe ' lvro r oo. oya oo,
Br PIero, - aa ocaa' My Bpee y
e 3a Jrea}r tvro I r yrre paJII' oo.
tty o r o ao ea' lvte r a o xao...''l7
proaI - BoIIol\lIIae o ap Mae.
..a o paolvl''. Br vyoa
o
ye I ,JI peaa orx aIoB' 3a.
eIx poeo. Ho I(pao ooa eo
ypoIe Ia. o Mep , aivreaCa.
IeBa' epaIe pyo' eya peeoBa.
xyo}ta, y }re y}Ieoro oe o peaa.
Bpa oa a Baee. o eo po}Taoxpal1

}apo}lI.

o oaT reope,

IyTIM poop1' o ooBeToBao oe.

IM IIpoeMa aepa}loo oopa. B ye BepT.
a oo Br apoBa a Bpa
oparee Iopoe epoe' aa eapoo
paa - ooa opoa paoa, eo oep BaI,
poeo o LtHo ooo aII o BI BI, opo oeaa Ceoo, r epxa a.
oeBoo' aIeo o eil e aapa
|24I t., pBax pIape, opoel r.
ooJIeIx 3oB opa p 3aepIeIx
..e.
..Co
Caa eppovr po'',
apoa:
.,a3p
roer
BeI4|1,,,
px aoveI''
a yae,
ae
oope
orlrreBo.IpaoBao
,.apa Be.
aeeo a ooo. eoa aa
..B)rpeo
r{orr''aolvraeT llpoBeee Mao
porr apa Beoo'' (1869)' oa B xo pea.
palaorrIx pa6o la opITa poa opo. Boo92

.paoa.

aeTl...

Capaoe

yfo

I(paoa eol{ o,tDa..

aeoo apo, Brcli cota o

opa oo e ppala - eea poyIx e.
IIet opoJIeBIx oex' opoo a epee.
Itapor Bpa}aivl aepaoo oopa a
Bae r opyI o yaaIo apaa yr.
..H
I:
oo o paa. He x oee.
o

I''18.

Bopo pa3 laoee

ala
oBep
poeI{TI Brrroo.
yapeBIIIM oDIa.
Coa
1' o}l r ae oT IIoBaop oI{oB TaaBoo xyo'la.oyMaa.
Haolvt' To oa
or.paaI
opeoa
3alvte IIoTpeaIe
py)rea a aeax x paIe o a ote, Br
oplla e poer. Ho peaoBaIe
.
pa]r B ltoe paae'
e' oopIe 6l cea.
I ele o or;.a'
v! IIo3Il' oo epe BeyT o opoo apoBa
Broo.
o ar.
oo paaIo Bpa,*e oeJle paae
aT' aapy x oaTIio' y3IItaoT oMo3ooo po oopa. H ao ala, o eTBo xyoI{a poulo o By opeao:
Map
Pooa
1avlao
r flvcaa crx. ya yra
xyo?Ia oa oaa
a }Iy3Iy' B{aa eo
opeT. B o ro oBo eo )re}r ae.
o' eTBo Itoopoo ofite l]poro awroepe yr. aea pe' afletvl' To yIIa opoo}aa B eTIBe

aep flyrroo. orr po l(paoe B ee

oolTIlIx ]\4y3Iltao o opoI aTep. . l

1'.reervrpepa IT169,a pal{o yepIa a - po.
eoao ao, ryro oa peoaa MyI .a ca6or0 .opo.
28op 1907 . el aep oa. o
a aoaIlll tvroola Mao, a Me. Peopaopa aoaoo eapa' eopaTI{oMoyeTao }ItBo' o3' opeeo xopo.
e pao. o o oooo a poorvre ro
pe. o oo }ooo rya a Baee, po.
{a o Bo1\4e. oea Broo
Maparol oTee' poo)aJl B IIoe y pe
Pro yy poyr - a flaIaeo opoeo
opoo. a aaao e eT eo' o epe.
pr oxoBI eo.paI}r ea aoIlaot.o .lrr.a.Bopo o 6l )lI rlao 93

.paoa.

Capaoc

vcro

ICoa eDo oeDa..

ael.I...

x Beo yoeo. po I yaoe pTe B oee ayo a Cae - ao lloeo o.

Bae DIee 3axopo aeaIx ee
oTeeo yypl.
.(e: alIx a ppeeI ea
apIx olvloB l(paoa a' Br. Ha
Idaoe y' No9 opl' Mye Broo. po.
,,Ca6a', ppaIoBIta xaa - epo paI
a B Mye Moo.o or.
B e 75 oorI o r ep xyoa' oa' pfiepa' eapaoo ee (28 op
1982 .) }tpaoe epe HaoaI ivtyee 6r y.
aoBe atl Caay Brovry' oa.
r Mapao ltoeIlvl' Jreo aep .{yo.
oo. A ae 1994 . Baprae I oopyrerra&r
y Maeo' poeTpoar Mapao ftoer.
T a y e o e a a o B y x e x } r aepax
oo yypI, yIBIIIx o opeBoM poaBeIo or opoBIII apaoe yo paoa epo opa.
pooraetr x aa ri yype
a aep par.rIe .{yo, rar po.
Be Broo' oorlr 1898 . y e oy IIrIx yB paoe.
1900' 1901 l I9o2 . BIo epeoDl
BopeTBe .{yoor. CyIITop oae p Moy..MaepBo'', ..po'', ..a.
lvleaIx oo:
..[taI4'').
...{yoBee'' (opoe
B oo.
ylvt'',
a3ae
...{yo''(1903),
oao 3
aTeo Bapae
rex Ia' lyou
ctlvIae o aapo a' o oo op' a apxTeop, ea eo' ooo yoy' oao oo. o y.
tvIaa' oTpI pa}IM aporx y a.
orvlaeT pe Ie. Myroe aao poeo
Mo.epoe opa' aee oro e. a
oxpaTeIDI ]Ito ao ppI eoe
po, I{JIoI{ ey ooBy' BIxa''{ B IIeo lpy
}I3.o epoavr 6oo oa oa, o.
opIeo eoa. Moyear opa .{yo..Coope pa'' Bloo,
oo o o yy
o paoBaII rrIlu a peaI. o
...[yoe'' aeo' o yelro 3JIeoa
oBao-oydr eolt aTIlI. o eoo ao.

pye oo etvxre, rylr eolr. I{e opa.

e
BoI B pyTypy opaa, pl4a ey ele oI{II
a' o oopo eyeT olvlI1r' yIa ee xapaep oIorr oillalvla B Ilepo }lopa ..yo.
eI 3aaoo'
MIiIlIoqI. poa
a}tDra
ellc'a
r Bopoaa
tle Byx aa: 3eeoo - iepaoo
e-oy6r
- yxoI}I.
...(yoe',
e Io apao
IyJIITypo pol
lvtIe gr0r oa. oo e peaIraao
oTea'

o yo ooo-per.ro
xaparep r o.
oe pa ey T y. oao, )rIaIp-

or Broo oTaITax aJIiIelvI .

powr,.{yo e apoBa ooo a.
B 1910 . pallr aep, Itaep y.
to, oopory lo 35 eT' IIoylI aa a o.
ee yypIx tvrllottl opaa oTeJIa
eyo' oopyfielroo apxeopolvl p a.rureo
o a ye oepa paoe. B epe
opaa opoBepx}r opIe ra paoorrta
peJlaa apa. Ee e a ee BoeIe oJIoIlI'
oep}ralo,te o opay lvIoytvIeao ay
pa. o6pa pa paoa oreo, oI}t,
po}l oolvt, .{yo yae '
yBellae py' oxo}Ie a p' yIae oBa
ooBI. Copoe o Xpa poIyo opaa.
e 'lvt, ypI paoo?I o6eeIlI B lolvlo3: paa -..fl966ee'',
eBa ..Ce''.
Be oe yyp opaJla Ioa
tsIJIc
. aTI.r!II{LIB Ip afiee]vr ope rx pay
.(yoo o DrIe eoeeoo yIeBoBaII B
eoo]vl lvlpe'
.{yo paoa a oopree}I opa.
a 1910 . o 1912 . oopeeo o a JI ltoTe.
a.lVlaoy'' - oy 3 aIx pepa yyp B
eo oaere apee opaolg. B .TVIaoe''y.Ia.
I{oary!' e yy ooo or.
.Maot''
o
oope pooo, o B o poo.
e e aeI{o pera' ca ooo . o.rep5l'r tvtopa31'4..]\d.r{oI''6I 6o
.lVIaoe
o yxy
tree'', opaeo BrI B ltoee paare. ooo Broy
yop p a }I3eoe ToIoBaII pa.
.WIa.
oo}ly peItooty Eey. C pyo opor,
95

Harroe

r,teIoapolle

al\4eye oo oI a eo
olll{a'' .(yooo
opex
oo' olvleeIx rre
a
xapaepEIx
ep aoaoo.
B ae
op re,
yHI{I{oi r w6oi, oo ee ea' payle.
..M.tot'',
Ix ooax
opoIeIx a oJIIlo' a.
IvlealT epI eopaBlro'
oopIe aBI{o poI1t ap
epo ) oea.
Capaoe
yo
l(paoa
epo oep.
a ro porreo )eee
oa : 3 lvroye.
aorr l1tIya a ooe oeegleIx
Tp'I{ tII{ oexoe
poeo
a.
Maeo, Br
' !oB'
arrr py{lvl
ey Boeopae}r'
or oo
oppoa.rl
Mollylvtealvta'
oopr oJIJrll pa3e )( .

prua
I Schnborn B. oglqdmy Krak6w. Wydawnitwo Literaki, Krak6w,
1979,s.96.
2Starzshi J. Jan Matejko. .Arkad'', Warszawa, 1973, s'6.
'' Oo ca A' Br. N|'|97 7, c.24, 2.
aTa 'e'c,24.
3Stqpinioa J. Ktajorazztpcz4. Warszawa, 19?9, s.1?9.
6ooc A. a ..24.
7Dobroolai I|.J. Krak6w przewodnik. Warszawa, 1952, s'43.
BStqpinioa J. op.it., s.132.
'Starzshi J. op.it., s.6.
10Poprzqcha M. Acdzie|a mlarstwa polskiego. ..Arkady'', Warszawa,
2000' s.14.
1|Stqpinioo J. op.it., s.178.
|2oca A., e,.32.
l'JTa e,.4l. H apoa a,a peTep ooo
oopa Br pa6oa ooeo ao o6pe
1893' a ae apa o ary l 894 . Pa6o oorEa
3 ee 3alaa. Ca Broy opy.
pa ooo oa pep. o3}Iee tpeo|Yl|I oBTYI oDtor{e a oa. Toa
Br
tt]troto (Ia oeo epoaJroo po.
ea epepaoa p:E ooo o' a eIIa Be.
oI oa ra ao opoe. Ta opao}rt a ea yep o6o tl'{a aaa aIooerroe yeoe' orr oJrI{a ae ..oorr''.

l a T , . 5 1.

'5Ta e, . 54.
16Ta , c.4, 6.
|1capyry'

oy rorray Pre o 20 ae 1897 . I{'

o: ooco.A., a e, .61.
lE Stqpinia J. op.it., s.186.
I 9 o p . i t. , s . 2 4 2 .

96

Hartor

aer...

aeT...

A.IIIya
MooI,I3

epoeoo

oepra

e y oepIeo opIe po.

er Moep' To B eo peeax' porr
oBoo 3aI]teoo ope3la Bpee' apxeypa'
}Io 2I 3,ai4l1 oeeI aI}r po.
..py.
ee oor%}ra' oopI, ori o po
eoo'' ya' Ta oo 3 aEI{eIx 0 ep.
Itoevo, luooI,IM e B lvt.To llpaefia.
IIIlvtIoeo oepy. Moo.ree epoa)lI{ aepl1rrlee opa3I, Mo}Ie' ae ale' eIvI
poBeex ap yo' pyBylo B eBpoeo .
yBe xv - VII . Ho ao lvIg I4.y'.ro I .
p}t lvloo.rra
oI a opo a a ypoBe I}ea epe 3aaa\fivl Ireopeoc ol.
peao. . pye]Ia xlx - ., apoB'
oa aeJle{Bo3pa ooeIvr epoaarvr. p
aTolvtpoa ploIx oo{ex Io,Ieo
opa3oB oaIBae oepIeo oo.
Ha xoporo 3Beo' T0' e}taTr|<a TuIIIc.
a }toepa oaae oe eo, o oo oy.
Jloeo ooI poolllyutee}l IvtBo3tra' pBeIo ryo e p..Box'' tvt,opoIno ey) oopaey
olo, oeI4y
oe aI{oI{aJIIe IoI. Ho p o a] a.
oIIaJII aparr orepoeo TI.IJIeg o)
97

Haroure

c.yapoIe

aTI...

lley opay' poB oee ope.

eoly pyy opa3oB, IvtoBo e. Ia*aIoa
paye ovl.?|e )e e {eo ox Tpa|vI
aoao -xoEeBelto cvITa'

Cooe

poee

opao

ao

oo 3 a}II yleeIx tvr oaBaa

opa aIITIaoo, oaa.
yoo

Ia oIDr oTaoNr y3aBaelvlIx opao.o.

o yo ora3a, paBIx pa3e o
66ec pa. B opare ey' 3aolvro}ry ea a.oy opaoBalroDry eBpoIIe o.
My ox oo, pelaTeolvra3My
peBlr peoB' I{e oJle.lo po Ipa o
peaIeo yypy eoBeeBa a 6op}tr.rg,
6, llt o}raIo By poTooo?ttIx aa ..aooIeoo'' (apovoo oIa Bex 3I.
.hotoo'' (yoo, xaoeoo
Ix y)
Toa yI a peaoo poBe 1poBo
o). Co epepaeI aBopeo f|trga.
lle o3pala ox oBpI}loB o}vIIeIo
opI{BIx ooB Be eBpoIIo ypI' aa
..eo
v3aoBo IIo-oDry lvtoorrao epe}
oeTBa''.
o 3 IIyTe looaul' aoe o.
oaeo BIpaaBIIc ?lBoII pae oep.
a, I Ba ooaetvl paor o.
oLrex IooB opao. Haoee poeo
I o Toy y eee Eo pa o
y (..rep'', 1890) pa }o (..C'',
..Cra Meya'', oe 189ti,),rape Apo
(..ra eapo'', .uTpo epea''), a aI{oo oepa oep }Cp (..o Heya',, 1893). x
epoail B e aae3poBaI}r apa.
o Ivloepa' peaa Ioparo a, paa.
ylo a oreyopeerroe oae y.
otl apa - poBe'elvr payx
ooB - aape ya Mopo, oTopIx o.
JIoIlIee }roBI epeealo opaa' o.aI }toorypl orr.
oopaelle}r xyoa'
ro e ITIaaa,
aopar
apoee
o3II'
aeIe e.ro o..ooo]vte'', opIIIvt'a.
98

A'a.

poeoo lltoepa

IvI opaa oeI y fieI' 6e

peepeeo Bao peea. x ope e
poo pa' oo a3IvI, |ta't o o,
aptvrep' B ae' Tpay aI{!IrIIe IofieI B
lvloollt Ie' o pe}t oa.r{e oo
a, TpeM r opaItr evry. To reroo
Iaa o .[e, oopr p| ca\ op , epe.
aBae paorrI oo rre. B ole o xyo?o oee pax o' I{oTopIeop.
rrMa vrooeylo ery a opPrlley peaJIo' .{e opivrae e a poBee oooo,
Hepeaoo Mpa' oopr ,aeT ey o}roo
ooBae yoBrro yoaeeo.opa3o TpaI.
oBIt

o3aaMI

e.

Are oBI reppa yaa

a e) oe o aplloy Ceeoy - aTo
ea oeor eoBa. Carre I' o peepeea oo oaaa .fi x xyoI{oBlae3evrpaoo6paIx opaoB, ro eM' Boolex e oo BxIl"I,oIc
pae a (Aa,TeeMoap, ea, !aa, opoI p.), o a.
,Ie B Bpaax opa l(oo Moepa, tvroalaax
ooa opepa peax apa oo }Iter.
B o pe' oa etvle' paye vI
ae yoI' cfio II'ar.r.IIIe
r, oa.
a eBpeMeIrIe' elroaIe poBe' po.
oee ao Te}II B ,ItBoII peae
oo ee ro pe.o Bao aoaI
poa. B o o ;lay(lx ]IBoB, yB.
eIx oaeM apoe ap 6l, ll'
DIeB x aeoplle opaa o yot epeoI aITI4rIy
peeoy oo' toTe o)e TaI .t|ae ooae.
o oo pa. opa ooao-rep.o
I{o oo. B I{x opeBe IIepe)aLIeM vIcopeo opeve apoa. Coo6ra o po.
elvt oao' aBeyro ooeolvt fi yI paI' xyotl Mooo or ea eoe opro apoee epeore ea.
oory e )rao,.ro oparee rr perea'
yIIIIM oxalvr popeo y ooyr paaI{Eley
pe.
99

Harloc

eJ./apoe

aeT

Aa Moo lvlp peeo pae

r e oJIIoeae }Iaepao' o opae.
ol\4lloeolvr Bope a Caaa BIoo,
1\1t
1otlTvlfl pex pItoB
IIIaBIIIeo ooeI NII,JII
oBpelvre}Iuvrop vITvIeNIlvlpa. Taar rro e paI' ap Bl4pa]*a pe, paaTyp
peopaop eapa - BI pBllo B o po.
..aoo
LIB1err.aoepy
aa a'', p ae.
o oe yr' oopa aaBJIe eJloea 60po'E e aerr a oey afie e o yeerte
eero opae. eo aoe eaee
Ilpo3o oro e pa a aIe eIl.
..peex''
aoo o oBe
paM, Bo
..oo
oe
ao'' Blt{ o.
eJIBo BIIaa B pax ,, vae"( 189 6),
..TIo}1
BIIepIe aeaaIx efiel{ee
lopoaI'''
rrepeo, o B Box ]vrpoBax a e}ry
epoIo per xyo)r opepoBa Ha opa.
I ao yyp epavr' epeo opy
..e
aoee opaIIec eTaIIvr.Ta, pye
ox.
1.nag1fl a lt', tl opalre eepe er e.
ep o IIooBa IvIoBIaTex .reporypr
a' pepoypoaI{Ix B eoe oorl Porepa.
.,Aoo
oparraeT opoo 3Bo'' oa.
ropar,r
rra o o}ro3I{ pye paa porroa ..o,
oo xpaa. A pyo
oop, eep eo''
oIIvLvI'I o oeaa Apopo oo a.
oae oor e rvro pooa apeoa.
eer pBepeo ao Br.
opaIlll}Io oea xyoreBeI{IlvtrIpeNIanI
oBpe}reIx ey epoerlx ivraTepoB. Coopaa
.IolvIIIo3 ea eoppoao
yp, .
oa opaBlro oBIx e 3olpe}Ia
oyo oBxlx prae py
Broo poBe ap yo' elpe
oa' poeeIe I ootvt o a' oe
pye oI por, e poI ee.o. B opeB Bror oIeTIopoo e o.
..ea
ra, Moppa, pepaao. Ta, pye
rer
lroBIxo 3 Ivtop ly'' ooa
B lvlopa: ope Bo IxoIa x o.
. oaea lrta, er.o aoalota a.

A.'r*u'. oo pooo ocpa

TIlo oea, IJIoa oa}t Ia. e re payIerrIe BooI aa oI' oopo oI)rT
BoopoJI pay. Ha py .roTpaL{-..apc'o6a*a o raaeT I]o BoIa' paa evrr a.
ae o' oTpIBagTopory ory ora eoy.
Poo pa/x BooB' Tp.
tvrI Irey pallllIx oae yTBa' or'.
.Aoo
Iae B y Broo
a o''.
py
MyyIe' fiIe
aIloo oa eprra ypaey opl{aea aa apy. -o py,
eppaetx IvtoIIIIaJIaM Aooa, e orea ya. pero 6oreo vreo Br epeae oMoIIIAIo tvtofitea otlIx a.
paeI tvI, aIallx ore eopaBIIIe

oo'

II{

3a IIpeJII

pyl{a.

B ro epoeoo oea }rI E{axol

eeoe ]vto}eToIx poBe ocoo aaJI a - xopo oI' Baxaa vv,6e epIe
BxpBIe aI' oopIi aopyeTc' e Be}leo ooIIe|aI.,po6ye ?I{IIeIx ' opIB
eooaIx yBB. Ha or oe ve.o ooeI
..Aoo''
,rurTc.
Bror - porer all.
IloT epoa' op}raevrr xyorro ae.
Be !{oo epo' aol{py)I] oeI e.
oM' epel lll. ..le 1889 oy o oBe
a oo 3 l{apa}aIIx pyrro xyo'a opae
MoJrEIeo oa, e]vr opy ooBI' oolvIIM yo1' oopoo oo To eTeJIa Beooa Tpea'
Boor ao o y e0 poI' a I a}Ie.
' aora Meaeooo Mo. o
Aooa poe e oo aIITI4tIIIoIo'3 py.
ye Tpa. MoIIx op }yIITypI Baoa
cctIpvl', o ae yoo epoeo y.
e''2. o opa Br oop ele eoo
pa' Irapep ptleotvr Io: B e.Aoo

Meoea'' (pa ,,vae,'), a ae B Bparre ..a oepIra'' (1904)'

Cpoepoar
. elo }e
...(oa
Toaprea paue'' paoe, aoT Bltpa iII|' o l\deIo 3eTlloo eoae ooo ya pyea IX - xx . .Taaao' aepIee}t
oo 3 aMIx Ba}II oae BopecTa Ilooo
xyo}rra: eo Tpalo aIlrEII{o..{ Boeo ro101

Harloae

Il e.yapol{Ie

et

a'LIeJI oTBeIlI,
lvro aPtlloo epo Brtil
LIB;,I,,B aI1t.
IolIopaeIil
oe I{epeI
yo oe pee e0 ovll{e}t lol)re BepeJI
..Cee
yl,o.
Aoo'
oepa''
B
e Beeo.
BI1.
o }teo' oopo o paIII4Iax
I{' a}lae

paax pIae}raoory oly. Moyva rypa Ao.

JIoEa aItvtaeB pa epaoe tvleo' poxo

Bo3 BIo oMIIoI{to o BepIaJII. oeBopee ro[oa' poM Bero yr
.oeprae oo oeo o.
c*toi aeT' Aoo
rlex par, aopy poe' A.
eelvt' oolae re oer' Bea, E' xo' oI{eo' lvloepotvr peoe.. . epe opeo
flno gooo) oer Brcil tl peIae B
oe oo pallerylo lvty or''3.
B parrax }roy}reaI poer*ax Br}loBa.
tloo apy opo.xaoolttllvl
o3llae poaBee oJlooo opIa' opa ve.
JIoBeIa' paaIo op}loI }II{pa' lylerlo IloBIe
popaBa' I{oIe BpeeIe 3' Ho rxo }reaJIo r r oo pae oor0 rvlBo.
a. B orrre Boervtyo Mooo or
Bpea rraao . a peBe oBIx epB
..oatee
orBo llox xy.
oo.
oEIIIto.oJIToB Iao yre }rII e]\I pIe' poBopex eoBela' llIx
oylx B]Iex pporx x. ooy e
r.rao, o pepoIleBlllvl pope y I4x ooyro
pe' oIiBIII B lvloylvIe.
paaI4leylo
Ix paax Bro eo ppaoB' ea' Mp ao a ep eo il lp atc opltl','a.
Be 3 alltlo rvroo poak| ope Mave, ao
ao eppepoa
odpaar o poe a oe aao olx,
.1VIo
aipeoaI yle - yp, rap' xep.
BoI{ lpa' opyrtateo eJloa... oaar
o ayaIlvr yBe X ea, ooae }}r
IIoJI xyoJ{to ar e:o aaoe''6. oo
epepo oopIx e er oppeoo ya gaa ea paarlFlero IIJIeIraxyo}l(Illla' 3 Ioopoo o B ax Ipa. ae Beo peal.
oIlo opy] p.
t o6e fitoaopeo

r02

A.ya.

oo

epoeoo

oepa

BaBIII 3 eo oa oopaaNl' o o,aBeH IIeo.

.ao aJIIyBIII}I BoIIovfijIaIluIII1'
o axo o a BHeIIIII
rvroo.rex peaIx epoare, peeyIllx r' pyo Bopalolx.
.To
B eo p. Taoa' apMep' apTI{a
ap..yaple
'', e
pe}IoIe I\epI py}Ia
a xyorrolvl' oa eo' a pol!{' ero oarta BoIo o''7.
Coao oe oo Moa' )r
BopBa - o Beoe poTBoo e cIIaNIa,6aJlapoa a pa ,l3 Mep' p oopo op.
ea ooleo oopa.rBae eo, a B ap.
.XyoEII
e
epa''(1899), op}IeTBolvrBoxIoBe - "ap o e. Mya ope''(1907). B
IIpBo IIpo3Be.eE xyofi}llltl' e /(epJaI 6opr o oele opeyreXepo, ve paaBe rvropaooyoIe. o oGarreo eo e.
BoJIIlo paaao a TyIex o.yivla aoT
B ey erx orI o arraeoo
yIeBa. o IHoIII B aoIvt 1rg 4ee ooreIe epI. Te avrr xyofiIl a r ra
oor ye. B py apTIIe' apo' aooppeo, Mave yepae Jlol!{llo
TBopa pe eIl }tpo1\4lloyopovl c. o peae B B MyIaa o po pyle' oo oparreo eoIo } MtIBI&r B?IelvI oe
.y. orroor xo e oa oaaeT
peLy - epolo o' oI{oy e poTpao
apI a alvraeT ypa {ooeoo y.
IBa... paree Ie ap - ao yra.
re Bo e oarreo rrerr' oIIyBIIIeitc a
oooe pIo - e Ieo Iaoo poLtIa. Ilae ap eoLr.leo yroT' xyorr tvl
e Nreee Ile Mo)IeTIpI Boe opoBallo e.
B y Maeoo o}Io poe.T
apyeriIe BIIvIIavI''
B ao A.a .y.
a7, o oBJr epoeM I{yTo or opa.
o} e I B ylep aoao aoro eo
fiBo' orIBIIIe r o ae.
Tpyo oxaT B aao aor M , cola oIx Bopo arrx opaIx reaop,
BaIx oo yypo | LlcTopefl. Bre
ao oo epoafi Maeutr opr-

Harroae

eiryapoJttte

ae...

ao eppepoBa' p]ra x ooMy

oopy Iropa. B eo fio poxo
oTee allllo o a Pr o JIa3a'
p oopo paoI {e ol1tDrelte' p.
oaBa yeo opeo xyo}Ia
LJIYI
|| IL^ItIoao p aLL' H ap y o ap o o o pae aJlenope e pao opaxta oBo eor.
o oIotle paoBo opao, C opaeo
oIo xyorI{ IIoMIae arlIx ao apir B o ea (..ayro ye epa o
..Bea'',
1904).
po'',
B apax MaeBIoo a y }rep' o.
oo Bo3IIaIe eo yBe' eoopao
pae opa Taao. 3aoar ao
oo Bec Cep Maeoo - o Ile 3a.
epyr B epy ay ee (a y ltvra
Cooa), e ypoBa' oBa Tapyxa' a ooa pa.
oa oao ooIBolvt lro o (."Taao I'', 1898). paa, yerla, oyoa,a
)eIa - Taao, oo opoI' epopye
c, opIa/Io eoBely }roe }rep' a
pyr, e oo vyoe)r y, e5rro ae o ]leIx r eBo. peo' o BoIo
orey xyo e pa paB o o.
,,To
6ro e oo pye Be.
a3e..aea Cep''.
ore yeeEo eo a-aa' oo opaa.
o (opaeo paD oo yI, ee pa.
ylo aBIuIl\4o
o fieEII{I' atlo' epeo p }!a/Io oaaulro opy''E.
Bea reeo a po ope ue6vl
}rp' aae. p e' BllyIa}roi cpac t
ypee xooo - 96939fi o poee,
aI{Ix o e}4 lvtoep..{ xyotto IIox pyea . rrerr opa aa e oJIIto otvrofiIo
oaa paoTy ee aoe oBpIo ooI.
' o oo' e epexo oa aerp,
o6pa oeae y e B eoeeo ppo.
e. 14 oo}{y o oypI oaIa ooee epoa]' yoJIIoIe oto gpa ao eTrlt.I' oopor ela roo poB' o
ep. opaI ,.{ar Caoe (o-pa.
IIoMy eppepoBal{r p Mopo, o
104

A.yua.

Moo

epoeoo oepa

TT1y66y,Mo p.), a arre ore yp, po.

r I' peaBIole c6o eoBeex
)ItBoI aa' po ooa oepoB
apoe roo' oelli orra' pe.
yBBe Eltvr}lyeo 6e r.
pove aeo yBa pyea . op.
M po a (ov a) op aolv l op e
allo apap o il clx.e. B pooe aoIIB.
I B ItyTe, oleeI{o oBeeur ao
Et MIIoeIlvl yJIoBI{o xyo]r o.ep.
a o M p ao ao y eo cTvI vfttcTIIB.
o ooao a y.o eeBIroy
}I3IIBeo ppoIloo ooa. o oy.rIx o ae aeop o opalaro apxae' e
e opar }tII'o eo eI popaa py
B pya' opy)ere epepIylo,{3IIeBopey
ay a. Cpare fietI a Topoa ..IM'' po oxo)}I a /aa pyalvr;
..lvtopIte
opoI
3re'' a; poeo-poI
Balxa p - oll BoptIMaIo a oo3ar BI3oB alrI}t eaIIaNI apo paoI.
yo yo polIpyto a pepao Apo.
o eparo ' y e )ey paoy a.
e' e}t ro po pe.IeByI x,
Poore ooeI oepa a}r.
p?tllllItvl' e p aIM epaM a' BIyaI.
pepa aeHIIvreo o,{peTalo epe
..ry.
pee B eeeIx' oaIx l]o3ax'
Ilvt'' pao payr o ooT xoa.
B por.reolvt e' peooe oopoo e.
era' xyo'l oapytal or ly'
IoBo eIx apaeo, a oopIe ooo eoe.
eoe eo. oaBIe, 6e tee ypr a.
o roer oeo oproopayrore e.
. roorIx c pac<oaIxyB xyo)lt-oepI oa eery poe
eaopy. Ta, aIa B er .pa xoa o.
...{aaEeIIaJI' BepIIyBIIIa B aopao oe
a''(1907 - 1908) rvla peae e a epoa a.
I]rlII{ooa, a a err a, epo, lvro fie.
oo ap3a ox Moep.
oaaIa
eao' apeo
lvtox opo' IaI poe porra
105

Harloae

,.Qo/apo

eT

poa p (pa|4 It,, 'Iccpae'', 1896)

e oea ooe}r opa3al oo eI{. B xy.o)I}rolvlooo oI, a
a}I ' apT apoee Moaoo iupe
epe olu ae oao' pe pooBo
Bpe e yIeBolvra patleo e.
e}otr' He oe peo' l{pe' B
oopol\{ ap y alltloo aa3}Ia' e oyaeT
ax.o I{aJ{eil,vl p aoBe lue p.
oafie oa peoJlaae yTolrea aa
eeTalvr aypa uI}NIa' oTea pepa a a. olvlIu 3e yIIoyIx pae ap Ma.
eolo - IIIIIIH0e' po3oBoo' yBeIIaIx o.
o po-pI?lx Boo.
B 1892 oy' aoo o ..aI'' opao
oepa lta, o xyo)r Baa
oo
pea a y. rl6tl apy
..eyr
IopIB'', a oopo opo epr o
y}IoI{a oaey EIy. epoe, o opaao o pao - oIrTpaT oeee oeoo peoo yoIa oeo
IIaBIlo eII' Be Bo oo 3yaI.
re eeoe aBo. e yxo o elllIx .
o, aeo pa poae o ..
o a.
Co Box c, pBer oTe-poo a' - o oooo
po eaBpal pol{a a, pIaItt eoa ya. o opa, oaI olvl y,o)r.
olvt' }Ie ae}I poBI]vr}IaaoM' I pyoao
yx}III' opro epall yro oBel{y yI.
oT' a}r o }l - oolt aTooecvlf.
oIroBpelvleo - Bo lor e o Te yolI
parre e aTepo.
..e3yr
opIB'' - oeopar apa o.
xIe por, yooel ooI.r!lory Bo3.
eI1r a eea' o ee oo IloBIx aIeo oro rro. B Helvl ea or.llro
paoppoar
apa arloo a, a.
eoe ope er poa oave oarreoo
ea a aeop ooBpeIlo yeo IvIBo.
eo. pr oooo oB eyoo'
BalI1teoo opIBa oaa oaeoo ea a a-

r06

A.yua. Moo epoeoo opa

BeI{yIe e}rI apI olrTpapoBaI{ ee.

e ora ox xyorroB It opo.y.
ypotvly aJIeIo Cpeeo rap MaeBIo' opo oax Bro). B oo,IBoII.
o xI . ooo EIvrae yeo oe epoae - Bey' aype, eopaoy ypaBy
..a
oa' aoe' e\po
oao.opPreoo aa' oo 3 a]reIx xapaep poIoo
aToIer''9. Bo o pyea xlx - xx . oa]re.
oe eo IIe BoIIpao oa4 a p},le Bope ra. B oe o I{a, Mya
ya o e oareo aype }rya
yo{eTerx aop. Ia orvroe opo}loe oo.
o oooo opaeer oaro aoypo p aaI Ieo HorrlaI }r IIoBao pl\t
ye or.
C pyo poI' opIBTa /\pIBI{a o, eraara cTI'oa rrae Pr aepe.
op, o B o3 ovIvr craI- oeavI taoao e oo\ ivroI{3a' o lvlor.tc}I
poo)rIeo a xyoo.poal{To. (B aeBe lIpepa e }ro]o Bolvt?r pavee p.
5rrA.opoor' a a alolx a rr
vIlIaIx ox peaa poaT?rlle epotu, ypaeII,rype}l H}r Heo.)
o po}raIvr B )IBoII r yo.
Bo BaII ofiee apooo yxa' I{opae,
ooe. Tao oeae opoo eao oeo.
pa3oo B oe vI cTvIIcTl|e xyo]reeIx po3ee, op a llttr leil ana' oItvro' oee.
..BIeae
I{x o.
JIeo !lltlo
opyer{e pe]eTIrI pea Mtley yxo.
o apoI{o 6rrrc er yovIlvl pPrMolvr'ooIB.
I}I a poile Beo B a3ax e&, e epr aoaoo poMaI{}Ia' alote py
pya BIyaIe a Bopea aepaa''lo.
Toe orro aa o opee yoo
ooo or, !ye oopI opao ooe|\e poatleoo I\IIe.
oaa Bo oo B IIooT poaeo
e' oJI o3M I{e oaIae oora.
eo o poeeoo opoooo oa.
ltya' ey BoTeI popPla pe po.
107

Harloale

e(.I/apo}re aeI'..

poee oa. Ho prree po}tatleoe e.

I{e Mpa aoI]r oee opaI' I3apoa..o6ae
py.
IDI JI' apot ee.
ya
ypaIvl op
ro eopao.
Be o epeo yorro' yyo' pIao a1o6afiao poatyto oao opaa. oa paee oa ]IBoIIe IJIea co oyoope.
o, o 6oao MooaHI oalvt' o
rrepeo eo xoax Bopeoo ooparre''ll.

Mor apooo
oroa
enaa
peeeoa

He e a}teI.r'o fie oppea}I pe.

oo Broo oBeM lre oeo o yoee
pro pexoBllo' opollo' poe Tpa.
1' oopo oI]rtlae tee opar ICa, p.
' xyofiIloB e cTI.'}Iterr Btoo,
Ileop a o xpyo ar r aoo'
Ivtelo ao oIo yo}t II Ce, oo.
peo oa3eo paaI oao 3o.
eifi<lrl, eJlo}r e oarrI' a y epo aI.l}lo.
TvItlL1Peeaa' a paeI. y eo oe
fieIa oail{o py - o o oplvrIa a
Maoa aee. aap eoy yo
Boo oatIBae opao e pyIoy Mo.
eprry, e}r' aptvrep' apoy I{ llopBe)Ioy,
o Broo pyol\y I\4oepy a3aa eo pep}Io aoaI oplvl'
oolr4y oopy, ae apooMy Ilpea}r.
..P;r
B vre IBoey /Ipyry .PIe (1897) o IeT:
a eluy B a ae.vl6 opore pao.
I' yypr, aae pI' oTope r o
oo.. .''l2. yol }IeTae oa ey ep
..paaa
ee py}I
ap' oopIx o }ro t
IaoB eo ]p''13.
ayr ar Bl PrIvtaa.r ecf,l
paI4eo.a}raex
or
op
'
rex epoare, opraeT llaerrr
..Copoa
Ceaa''. }oooI epolvt apI' loerro eelloBao.oyrx oax' y}l
opol}Ioe IBopoeo epBo llpyo opl.
..o
lepyIe op' ya tl' oaro opo.

r08

A.ya.

oorr

epooo

oea

oe JIo apa' oBIIee 3 eoo oa. Ha

rtII op a yl allaI epepre o3y.
Ie yIp. By apI B llooe ea eoo
eIx Ix oarreIx Eellx e
yp. Cpaa - oypr aIla}r ooo
oo pae a Bpe. Bry poTyIIa oap.
Ie oepa eoex Ll papoaIx oy.
o ooo''la.
a olvIy y ora ..To'', o.
aI{e oopo oaBJI I{a ye Broo eo
ap: ..opooe ooo, oopo, ecJIIplvlo.
pe' tr{ooye ypl e .ryor.
o pI BIIpBaI oaeIe pya'
oo uufl, o epea yI' oopx ypI
aaee eIe o6tl ae l. . .''' 5. Co op ao
ylrero aroaro o 3a pyaJllarvr' xBaIl\4 yTolryIeo ooe DIaa. B oopae
ooo aepa p.fla eo, axo oo
..p}tae
o paoo yoBIa' oopoe a.
o ee oepae' ee ylotro' ee yro, ee
Bootvt''1c.
Mp pae, eo aeo ppo.
I' oI ppaa poIoo oyopo}I
yleBa, Bl epeo Bo pa}lI.
oe ep eo ..er'' (1897 1904) oIJIa a
apoy aBIoMy y o Bae }r ee epp Bc.
e. oo ee oI aatlfuILl
a }rao poBee xpa ee o.
oo aaBIx ee' a a ..a'', ..y.
py'', ..e o Heyax'', oopI Br l tl.
a epeoax1?. Ho, eyoo' ee Beo a xyo a o eoaa
ao6 ra
y y p a
or, }IaIIea apoItvl oBp' o6po.
oI' apaepIl\4 Ilppae yeIroMy l\4py
opyaIe ppor. avapoaa'
aBeIIa
aoela peoI pea l vlaBx a.
o ooBoBaa porero ooeolvly
}rIIeIo. Haoee oaaea aotvr IvIIe
..Caa''(1901)
Bloo' ..ao3 IIpoaI{a
lvloa}t' opyItt 3 aoao oo.
''l8. Hapy paIlu IoMI{ o ee a.
BIIo yaBylo ppI{' ae a rp' aooe
yao oo, epr pap pye. Te ar a.
109

Haoare

A.ya.

}re(,yapol{rre et1'...

..epeIe.
opy yao eoIao o6pao Boo
ee Ie oep' roarrrx oo e.
pEe'

yold

l\,tBoJl3ltlra

!opo

Io''19.

.aro eBepIe
B 1896. Brli| flca:.
eeI' poIe olvtI' oopIx lvloto Io
r oa pal o e eJIoI' a IepoBI..."20.B eo aax opaI par epa a o6paa, aeHI}r epoe
o oe xae xyoa e.
Cpeeeoe'
paaa (apep ep..[rroo), ye o.
opI apaBe c 6:6eircv1vl aIivr Io:reTaM
roaa eaa pIapa.
ICa eo' oo1o ya ea pI.
apa olaaa oo 3 toI. Ha po,Ie
oe oa ooocJIac opecIltIlI yar
Itawe yoBI oryIeBolvl eare oe
op6e. eerro' B aI epo oa o
peoe' Bo ea. B pye epoB Ce.
eeIoBI f\oe' o opeeI}r eM aIIx pepaao' IIouo6pav opay po.
NtaII.ttIe.eaxooo epo' aor .[o ltxoa,
ayaBIIIeo o pe}IEr oaaIeo B opeeo
yo,}Ia}r ox. Bae pea rre oo o.
peIe llllo' o yra Bpeeo, aoa.
o opee eeapo pol\,laeoo epo'
aoepa poaIex ea, erewIe vlcTopvrvl
opeeo yota oxo.
Xyor yBoe' oTI.t.lIlo Bopa.
ror epoeyro oy' ee aor eIIIuIe, Br.
r ye ou/ Bopeoe aee poloo
..py.
a IByloa Boeo oeoo yBa.
ey opoo, a po rpaI er
o opoe epe]ra eIreBeooo y.
a. . . paoprpoa a po}l e opBa'
o oa He L1ce3a',21.
apor ax pae cTaIIvI, oo
opoI' lvloyeaI eea ro a.
BI eI1rrl oI, ee ea YI cvIJ|I'a py o.
poI - paPrllell oeoBalle}t o oe' ueJlv,
ppao ewl ofrtrePe ooo. aepe op.
eI{x oe, opyIx eeapoe po.
Io oor apoa, Br vlopa B e
110

oo

cpoeoo

opa

ppo' oyeIx eo' 3aIaIoIx

}o3oa B oop. epeo' o otlopeo Br.
e}te plrpaloB oparae opo.Mya.
..ppa"(Igo2
- 1903), a eoppy..exoeo
a
IaBe'' o ar p
pape ooTI aax. o y I peaBe 6te apy ..ooo prap''(1903), a ae -..fl95g16oo aea'' (oppe Beoo.
Itoo B pIapx aa Iee' 1903).
yeve arvr eea}t' fiylIt4 px cyBa epaypI'potlc ap.
or Broo I BI.IpaIa Baeoo oopa
..PaIoI'',
oeo poa oeap, oI{e oa3 IvI. parrIx Iax xax Br..ae

r oyleoa ope o.
pe}lo' o paae opaxae x poee, oey opa?ree' aoe, ooae x
eeo. copvl epe B II paI' o.
eIe ee o opelvtel{Ho' o a pax paBax
3aay oolvl ae oxBaIae oBpeeo
pouIoe''22.
oop o oott ye' e3 yolvt.
y Maora-ItoaI{aa
pa - ooo
3 1r11.J/eo Baprao yoeo ror23. Co a}tIe epIe ivtoe polle
rp oa Bo pe oy.re ore 1902 1906 . o pe opI' py' paee paot, ooIe olvly epto2a, p a
epIe xyoeBeIe oII' a I3I yyrx
ol\4o3, vl la xapap}lIe oopare yxa ..fin
de siele''. B oa Ido{oIropTo lvtooo.
o xyofiIra poIaT peee oaIo
lvtoe, aaex' ae elvroo ya.
Ix ap.
. Heop a o' o 1903 - 1905 . ore
orao a?ttlo paBao eeoIloe y.
o' pax poeex pa oTyylo opivraI poBe o oo o6reepoeor ertl.
Be ?e opax }toax' oop\ oyer
llo }Iaep' poJlerag opeeea laluIcIuoc o xyoeBeI{Ix vlea pyee xI - . o
ao}l Beeye' ao' a}reoe
oT.
o I e e rop a p p orrIlv l oe alr. Bo
111

Harlo

e,\yapoll

ael...

tIox eo paoax o6pa3I prrpoI pa B

epxeeeIx yIe. Ta, a ape ..oo''
(1904) opoI\IrIopo ye peae oo yoBIe
opII{M a3a}I. elepa' IIB aIee 3 o.I.
p o o}r xyo{Ita o
ayao-optleo
oa. Mor apI'
poIoo' o yoI Be rr ooeo rpa3I1reJrI{I e 3peIx paoa, ax a ..BeoT''
(1906)' ..}Itepe'' (1909), ..Caa lCpeo'' (1909),
..poIoe''
(1907). o Tooo xyo}la
ooy yy ( opoo apaepa eFIe
ayaa Top, oo e a JvIaor,
a a oo, eea' ) oapyfiBa B e\
odparex IaIe' BooHI }toal\l' Creo.
y a. B oo oeol IIrop.
a eE(I.rapoa polvlalIa0or oopa. C.
ollea' Boeopaa o oop!y' B oo }IJ0Ba.
o.oogo L7tIv|pepo attlte, er {BoIII{epe.
I{oI1r
plre B Ivrpa3I (prx..CIaIa'', r ..Caa opoe'' - ofig 19o7), aaex BetIir, vct.
(r,.Coopee }tpa'', 1904 - 1906, ..a o.
aa'', 1907)' apoIx paei l yeep (rr
.,Bea'', ..}ra''
..)Itae
- oa 1907,
pe/', 1909).
p ooae apr ropa ..Be''
(1904 - 1905) ooo}r oor xyo]ta eoa Blyoroo ..eo I{a axoe oa', (1sgs) oapyrr.
ae' o o aep oye oxorvra
o tvlolvl oape}I' xo epeo MI.
I MoBI Tpaly pyr ooore. B
ooBe oox po3Bevl ovl Te )IeoI - opa'
a' oe. I{a o, a pyo oIt pa yy opaaeoo pea apool{opl o.
pa. Ha apIr Byooo y opoo yea ao rypr ealeo pap - oe opa1e
oo ere o pepaBIIII.D(B ae Tapr
cpax pIapx opo oeaa papoo. roprr ate IIoJIye oyprr }ItBo IvtBoIvrap.
I! }ta. Ho, ea ortpglo, o oorae o.
paee ).ra' oBllo GpIBa ro oeo' aeT
elo

lIe3agIItvl

epBol

B3a.

o pr at6o ee aepylvlI eeoB

eooo eaa a ITo MBooB
oaa, aIII o eeo aoepo TBo.
rt2

A.ya.

oo

epoeoo

oep

' paxa. It^reIeoaa opoIe po3oI y'

rrapyalole apo eeo IIeBI' po
ooa ox yoo paaee or rx epea ooo oarr pyleo'
..oao''(1902)
Bovr paoy .Pyla
..oaa
ooo
''(1908) )rI4Tep.
a Baprao xyoeBeIo Ioe Kopaa
Kpaoo. B oorx apax' poI{I]taIoIIee yo YI aTvIIg''oe xyo]r{ oIr.
a yrr$IoIe Ieeare poer. p
3aTo ee' e et oe oe' 3IvIe
oepa oao, peBpall(a B a}ITpolloopr y.
Iea. Ta oa IaoIe eI' o)lae paBo.
po oeopaI{oe rreoe eilcTe - ..]\rf51g5''(
1906),
..pero
..yelee
y"a'' (1908).
opoea'' (1907),
rpa e.
oar apo poBe .et
...[e''
oro o, e y oo. oray, Too eo
,,CrTlxtl,,(1904 1905) o o xyo.
3 a
al Bo eoor apoeelvr' o\yIee a.
re ypoI' oopy Mopy Tr{. A p..yreB lopoeBlla,' kulv|,,eTo'' (oa 190 7) oa.
xax
a' peBpalaIe B eoBeee ypr' ao
eaopo Belreeo lvlpa.
Tapl a, olvI IvrBoa p.
a rae oopoar ItBol\{po.
ee olt oopae oBap' fiea.
e p 6 3 I<te a Tllle1' rrea ue
pa aBIIa po poaTllloo oopare.
***
B ye eBpolleoo oepa poBee
oora eo paIrIrIIe BapaI. o xyor.
II flo roBoMy IlppepoBa p orrre o oltlerte IoeI'pye Ia Boo3aT oo.
poBaylo py' apyr/' 3 xaIBalo\ylo aruo epy, BIIBaIorIooe e oeo poIIIJII.o'
oa5, a4IIepe poeer rrrooIvla
ro oeo oopvo xyofioB. oaa
a otr oo' apa oaT ee 3aoI I.
paoare opMI' ,oI pa oepa o3 aBavt{oBIe r. Mr, ooBeTTyle alvl
Boe prvle' oBalot pJIe yo?oB pe.
opaa paoT o M Boe opo o.

rr3

HaoaIe

.Xpo

eyapoe

ael....

}ra oe'' Maa epa (1897)

eeI'' a Topoa, opafiaIe MeIIIeexp.
caII1rx 3rtlex epoae',.oe
p''
a pol.rBe aeoo aI
opaa, o}releI B eIlaotvly pey. .. B a.
,.oop.
o aoao Ioe Mo,epa r o
r''. 1r1e Ix oo opveo eor
papIa ooeeflI{o poIoo' aoreo yylr' opa3Teo opo epe)IBa paa ery
}lea}l' ype trrro aee Bpeie, ooeB' pe apoa a Be I<Itt 3 aTxatl
yxoo fi|vlrr.
peeo eoBea o
r o ooo oa peao' o xyoIo ox pyea eIoB epeo aoB
peo}I opr I Meo ee oae. o o.
oe 6aacpoa a a e]ry BIIrI.
LI
el\ilI}t' I ar. Tar opao, eoro.
Jlorr oparae a oeo' poMe,IyoHo.
TI4 }TYI'oep. yorr' yaBle o eaa
Io33a pa3yepIe oooT e o3IIa' aepeo xo oao ello3ao eIIo3.
aaeoe. B x pyax po Mae' oopa o p.
opIae' o pae ylIro poBee' oa
Ily a I{ He paIloao o oa.
ooo Tlolvlya B )IBoII lta oey.
y e}reaI peeeoIx pae, oBo ae
}rarop' apar,r opao Beaea epoae e.
eTI{x peeo, Bopece Bro (y o pa.
alree poeerrvr ?| apr) oee
yo pa3x pa' p3lrIx ox aIx pa3llx a.
pae: aIIo CpettcoBe' {o pa.
IIy3Ioo eMeIIoo I\4o3a' oa Topea
)tBoII I . aoap pyle poBetvr
oep ooy o Bop}ralo a rvreao.
pa aoeIx 3a lvtooeoy Top xyo,x yypx eoe, a o,la' epepII{o
oorora pooo oBpeeIroo.
oao a }olvt' I oa 3
a) ooerroe ya pye*a eo' a tteo
epeoea eoe, peoea yyplx oo
paoI peeByrx ce' o o
Ba)IIx' oeryarx aeo' oopr eae IIo.
.uTp

ll4

A'y.

Moo

epocoo oepa

xy Moepa oo o peeTByIx poo

aepyIe oBpeeoy yy. po o
oaM I{oI BooB' opaBIII Bo lvlonolvlle'
ooBoaBIII I oe' peae o
apo eoa pa' xyoE oepa Bopo)Ia ee opar oo }t{. Cpo IIye}I
MIoIx ooe re yoeeIe oI'
o e xo: poIoe' apo' eya}Io paoa.
JI a 3IIoIt{yyueo ya.
pe.ra
1B 6or pa Brttoo oeo poe,ra pa Mot afltlI o. my r oDr 3 epeer parvraye opr ooo pa
ao MeIIree peaIx epoe opern
..Ho6po o'' '

o:rove. Ta, rtapep'

e, poxoIee pIa aa, Ia) atlr o - Aa Ape, ep, .(eepa
opa. opal ao oo o par Br.
rof' oleIe opeeo opueo
ee' r' ee oepyIeo, oeoo yo. Blro, rIo 'aaa y..o3o)lo xoa
o;ree rpo ool ppaa I y'
e oaa opoo''. (Copeeoe ooe
yo epayp. // o o3a aapy.
M. 199 8 ' . 7 2 ).
2T a . . 58. 59 .
.lTa re,.59.
o Cnlo . o poaJlt{a }r{oy. oep rroo ee.
o o I - aJra ea. 6. |997 ' c'217.
5T a rre ,. 218.
n"Ia e,c.262.
7prare
oy
eor Brom, no3pyto{e xIo
..roepa,'
( ..C '', |897)' oe aoalo
ya(1890)' o xyoro aa.e ylea
oarer o6rarerr' 3aItrrl arrvo oe.
opar Il BI3IaIo a oo 3 eIx oa.
e I{te' .e. o oac, oa opa{a a py} oo }t a oo oore poao eaxolr' oy}ee yole pope.
' yo e6, pooee aeo {ee
DIpa.
. Copeeoe ooe yo epaya, . 1 09.
9 Cemo . a.co., c'233.
l0T a re , . 17.
|\T ae ' c'223.
|2oca A. ra . o. , . 6 1 .
l. 'T a re , . 67'
laT a e , . 68.
|5T a:e .
16Ta *e.

115

Hoae

el(yapo,l.tr alI

Haoac

eJtapo

aeIl...

l? Mr y yo}ra o o}r' a o eae o ya a..rya Aya''.

I,l o3tl eee apt
(ooo
pepaa.
Booo, o..oe'' ea
o) oa orolll pepo paa.
oo paa Broo..Cep oe'' (pea

190?) .
l8 Copeeoe ooe yo upapa, c.22'
l9Tarvre, .134.
20ooco A. a.o., '69.
2lCopeeo ooe yo epypa' .6.
22oc A. a.o., . 156.
,]..o''
epo l,311pa o ooI ppIo
ooo e - l894 o 1906 . B 1894 - r899
orr ya oor{ Bapurao yIao ll5re. C oe 1902 aa ao y poeop
a Kyrgla, a 1904 o 1906 oya Baprao y.
orreeo uto.
2aoerl pa poee xyoa xpa Haoa ayae
oDt yo,reeo yee . ..pa
(a).

A.Ipy

a o oo yype

a pye}exD( )o( .

B oae
a

opaIla

..Caoe

B|IL:I^III{e IIa o'

BpeI'' Map
o

oIa

or.
}IllBoII

a py6e xlx - . oga - e p}ra o

Bllilrae
B opIo ooo
yBa
- Ia.
o pee a}II'
c$!I Boe

oaa
o opI oepila.
p ovl e orIaJIo e
I3IaBIIIee o
eo' oopolvly oIo e lvle.
Iaa )I{ea
aIleo
ox BopepalRe B
}I vftIvlB:IIyaoDr.
o eo)IaI
oo o a pye eo eoBae
oTlvIcaa' ea oaeo
e a xpoooI{lleo
I}e:a p Tolv1 epoonvlvI
opeee,
cTI. ur
..1,1g.
e o3y
- ae B llp}ro}l Ivte - 1gp1,411161
ep'' ,1Vlooa oIa'', xo o aopy
oe}vt loo' o xapapIM
lroxoN{Ilvr
BoIIp
)Io oo epoa.
paBoo
rreo
aoe oeeee
a)r
o6pao oxo.
oo ooe'
opIeo
B To
o aooeHe
..a}tl
epo' aaI
Bpe}reel\4'' olo
)lo. eoaeI{a
oepya
3To ooa.
paoaB.
}Ie IIoBI Il Ioo
carl$r yo)ra'
Ilu B o Bpe' ola3a oopeo
- a apa.
..tlo.
- IgIoeo
yo
oprr ao.o
oao
B poIoM' op op3lvle.
om'' ya
l16

Lt7

Hartoare

,(yaDorc

aeTr...

e oJlto o a py Beo M. o.
ea yea pefie er\o o' o e o3aeJl'
pra' eoo 3ao3ao' o pyl4o' Bope
IgoJI, py poe' oopIe' ?tr,o3Me
popea 0M e o.epe epI' ppo.
BIJI poey xyo?Ily paI B Te e.
OJIIIID(

oel''.

..a.
eperrao JI ooe ryBo aoe
o pe}t'' TeIlo B o6JIacT|{o? Cya.
o yIITypo peae oTa oxo,e' eop a -o' .I0 - TloJleye ooo o.rep]r -
..y.
..oe
ee
pal'I aoo pyee. e e
rrypa a pye}re XI BB.'' oo alltlo pa.
Baa. o - Mo}Ieola3a eoJIIo eoEaI B ao oee' e e BI.Iyee IeeB.
pI, opa oaopBo 0pa3o oee paaoe' e 1
Meo lvleo B oI{o ,Io Too epoa.
.{ aparpT oo yypI I .
o?lIlo o3oBa e }fi opeee' oopIe ootr aaI{o.epoeo yype. o pee o.
3.a eay rypy' oIIoBaHIIy a opaa o.
t{?IeIvtpeeBylolx ox' Bee cel y .
op Tpe}ree ope aBrro IIyBIIIe l,
a a)Ie
peoaae opI{fiIaI, opao'
oepfialr a opo,
epaypo.aeoprleoo
Ilo3oae xyo]reBellI peB' oepyIx 3
I{eaTIIeoo aaeeoo yBa.
orrao p o o}ro olvre ev.
e' pyle I oo yype Be: o.
yBI{e 3aeJloo oyapTBelloo aoo re.
eaa, 3aI.rTeoe peoaae peI o a B
a}rax ar oIIo3I{x epooo
Ila3ae' peo poBee , co aael\4Ix p a
yroo opoa a BIaax B aoax' a
ae pol{3eev I' ypae yIx e,
oore eooe olleBo oaBaelvrIx poBe.
. HeoopIe x Be - apep oye
oyapeoo eeaa - r aI ole.
M oofiee or, oaBaIe I B. pa.
o paeo. Bo oo Meo }r
ooe ygo 6ro o oBepleo Ieo oJI
apaepIx ao o yypI a.
oB' oopIe aoap eeeoy peoaa 11 8

A.I{py. 3ag o oo yre rra pee I .

epaypo.aeopeoo
oepa aooe
oparx pere a111* opaor epalo e.
y o o6a BopeBa B epoeotvr y.
e I . a apoIe ol\lloiloTIF,tl' pa
yypI ore a pyerre XI )( . r, e.
opo, lII - oe yltvlll - e pyIx epoex paax.
Herop a T op a!IIr' xyofieoe
oaopBo IIox yopo e yyae oeI4 yotlIoB oo pelle pyx epoex
paax. Bo o Jrtlae' o epo' oopI yo.
o rvro)o oorra.r, aI peery 1890 1914 . ( y.
llarre, pr<oe pepo a 1898 - 1910 r.' o
ope BIaIe JIeoaTJI o.rro oeprno IyJI) pa yeya), orce tyITI\opI
eepoTtlo po opeaIToBaJI a oe eI. Bpoeo y.rrre, 5porrArya Poea (.le BJlI.Ie a
oJl{oe yTo UIo aIr opao epe o.)axlae.
e, ree eIoepe aa Barra).
..Moep
y a pyerre IX e.
oB'', Ita )y poe, a ore, po.B
peooe oooo peaa aypa3lvla' o.
ae o oao eaa?*l' Baee eo ro
o' o TBope yopa aIlvl aI aIIoM
I1raa paoa eopecBelfllo B e' 6o oa,
IIoTa}Io}I poee opea' polilxoo opo3.
ee oI{aIe orra xyofla opr,
oopa oee er.o epeae eo }to. oepaa
aeop' peyra Bop o1\4oIIr,Io
p tI|pI,
pooo aee oT lepaypo' oopa 3.
o'a I{yTBo o )paTB}Io y.
oa Bo ypole olIlo3' a
yypa opa TaJIa opao oe o&rao, e.
}ree aypo yorreo, oee ..le'' oeaeo, xapaTepl{o, otlo pee' IIoBepxoI.
B oo yype..a pye eoB'' Ta
oit4IrpoBa otaeo o3aaeIe epoIe apo I3I' oTpa}aI e ftItlBt|lraJloe ee
xyo'o B v||x xlleoe ooe. B yrype o.
Boey apeo oqoe tI - paare, o.
pyeo oae, yovary ea vrvIB 1{,.
a3. ao ero TaIILIBypee epe]ra'
oolle o.ox' oIx. oJItIIx oa
1L9

Harloae

elryapotle

aer...

afT1tx yfix te ypax, peaBeIlI

-
Igael o3ax. }III{Ivl avlvl JIII1I]&I
eoeeo ypI.
eee eaepa3a
B o epo oBa afie lloa' oee y.
o oe oa oppea. opeeeoe 3a.
ee popeo Ilooae oopIx oBoB.
B e' Ie afie xyo,ro py.
x epoex Tpa' eeylo e o ooo op.
..a
o ooo yyprroo opBa
poBo
pyee BeIoB'', o JII oaIa poBIIoe
oo ryypI }otlo epo.a opeer e
epoer yso'
..Ha pyee
eIoB'' ore oo oBoo }Iotaax opaI xyorro. .(
eoopIx tI I1vIxopee peI ooo E{aIIpaBJIe.
oIa3aJI Il3oelvl' a l{oa oBepIeo
IloBepxor' e ytteo BolvItII.ryopoB
apreo ooe: Taeyra ooo (188 1928), Caaa Poaa earrooo (l859 - 1940),
Ao Maeor (1862 - 1939). ox pyx y.
oee op MoI{o' xapaepx opeoo
ya' oa3ao xo oIlopeeIlvI oJleo.
aeIlIlvl' o a opeeeoDl ae BIpoJIo B lvla.
epy - a o lvlo,Ilo oeI. ae y ax BIa{x.
xyo'o' a ltoarrr arra (1865 - 1956)'
Baaa aoo'o (1859 - 1930), Caaa lda.
ea opoo (1879 - 1947).
Cyreoae aloo poa JIe I3IBa.
yBe. peeIe BIexapapIe ooe.
o yITyp,.a pyee Io'' yeeo e.
eltJr o lvt'I aee epeI r,topayfie pe epa yaa. ,.Patl.
Ix ee poe
o'' opr, peoea Poeo eo oeoBae.
t, e aaa ao otvro{oTl4F\'opoo'
opyoo poo)e. oa Ioaa otvrofiee oo. o pa.
o BIpaIr I\HoI4e
..otvtee
oeoly aeaI epa IIIyepa,
ae e oe' a Ilo' olpoa y
o oo''.
or pooo aoo poa ee.
' yype eoao a..6oee oloe'' oo.
BaI{e' opa e ee eoey o o.
peeeo. oo oo o o o pe

r20

A.nv.

agr

o oo

vle

a ole

oopalee opee}l ae pal\d'

o epe opaee oepaI opI. o.
y ooBoa opare yy p}la' a a)e pMeee ypolevl eoepa'
a oopI}r eoBaa ooreo yypo
opI, oa' oao' o Bolvtarrre IIe
..patvtIo''.
Id aarlvr BII o}r yopa|t.,
oopI yolvlyIe ee, to\lIvIpoB aIe
..a pyere
yye
BtoB'',olaa ooeo a.
tlIvt' Jleye oaBT a x' o oo
oee oooly ooeo, o aoee yoo oJIe.
oBaeo Bop o,{e yyp epoa
oe Poea. It rrorro oa ea ( L877 - 1954)
lftaep .{yoir (I87 - 1964). x opeo
oe aao ae, ep aMIM 1900 ., paBo
oo poo opaoyr paI{I oaIx I
erre.
epexo oee peoMy llpo.y opea
IpoB y x xyOEo Bo I{e3aIIolvIoeIa,l/.lvI
IIoT B o e ao pM eoao ooae
olvlo peIoo oeea o oao paee .
IIvIcTr,ooao, yoIo Bop' a pa3}IIavIl vI
ypae eJloo opr. Ha o ee ylaa aB.
o pay lcce oae opeBa eaa a.
..poooaee''
ep .{ep' aapy o atvroe
oeaeo oe eopeeel{Ho op (ro epoeo yypI ..a pyee eo'') ro.
ivlepllo eotlo eoop poee
oo IaBa.o yolrrroB' BIoIx
a3y }Ieoe 1900 .
!p opoer opao,Ipoaapoa apoBally 1901 . ..Ity Et'' aa, a a.
E{e oaoe eoo o.Ilee (ope Bo o 1904 .)
..!yoee''
.{yooo. lapo oeeo po3Bee o e e oIlo3ao e opeea. Mer.
y M opo oT deeBaIoe3llaee BBkIo.
yBT B
e peBoIooIx ee' oopI ivlorrIo
To I{o1\4IIovIvwI.
paytlil
pttt e oe yep.
a o opeeeoo poa yvIalIfia' Caaa o
..Boore.o'
ao yr
pyeT Caaa yooo:
y, oIe, 1900 oy, oee BII{paoaB.
vlvlilc, oppo ar, 6oee ot, e optzl

aoae

acT..

eo ape aco (Aoe BD''. Haoe, e3 Ioea opypye oeoe tvre:

.k.(yoe))'
eo' poeee ooGeoe:
eBa oprvra oBI o e opea' a
<yre rvry)1909 ra re <Mye> 1912 oa [...]
pay; eoepea opa pa' opeIoIa o}to' oee pya, tvl oypr u a.
erx <r,Aox .eax>''.
.{ep oBop o eoxotvro yooo y.
e }I4 IIpoI1r3e p3IBae oMy - o o.
BpIeo eeeo - peqe Bef IIox eoBaee. Heop a eoopy peapeo
oeo, parl vlcccBoBe oe e aap.
ae poBee,[yooo
eaa' o3aIe B
epI rl .' a} eepr. o rr B lrx po.
vep o poe a, oopo .(yo *lil aa.
apre o pe epo }IpoBo BoI. apae.
py yoaBIIIe BII pae paor oo xyofi.
IIrI|a poBe}r eaa, .(ep, e o' .,oaope''.
oye opeeee
.{ep oeII B.
e oe aBa}Ix paoax epIe poe opeeo poeo yrype ( .: peararo po.
Poea' pT' ypoule eo}tgparo'
o\ylo apa. eoe' eo e
Ilpoee ox xyoo' Ia ao ooa.
o poe B o pe ( vao y pay) - o.
Bpale a ae.
C o pe oo' Bafia e oto Ioa o{ a; aa BopeBy ox xyoEIIo
opaIlvl yoeolvl' o e)Ie eo - e
plvla o BIlaIIe yl{a3aIe IIe opee
ooeo ap B paB oo yypI B
I aa . - oaa eoro a paI{ oJloo ya o3aeoo epo.
a. B oo IyJIype oo Bpe tvttaa.
e y )Ieay eeIlt' o B IBo: p ex
}Il\4oax ooo ( oopo e oaeo yaT.
pa o1\opeo) popaolvt' o
o ylry uI lvt}ro}r' o}a3e o pal!, ooo pyyeao
gope. Bpoue' oa.
yypr ao o e oJIoBae orre
Poea oIIaaJIo o poIItvr, 6o aep o e
opIa pae, a o op}raIe olle

r22

A.ICpy. 3aerll

o oo

yrfe

p}exe xI

X .

o oprurrpoJI a aoe opeTol\{ pe.

x }IapoB.
e re p }olvIoa ypa pelIpiua oIy' a loTopy e oaa oJIa I.
Bo or epl{oa. Pe.r e o orI ooaeJlHo
opa pae peaetweoo'
opaaeIlof IIo
oIoIe ppo, oparre' oBetvIeI{opy.
CBoBaIe epoeIo Itye o a er poe . Tor yra' oopoy - oo eo}r apa yao aoe uBI{o p.
oe. He a oar p opa'"a opl1rtleM yJIoBIvr ..ooa'' oa y.
ypa yea (y I IIoI.FI) yopeIlvt
e}ta epe o aoa c ueoptle pe pex o ya IX . oeeo -o. r
lvloEe' Ilo3o}1o oolvly yy p yae
B oIIloM pIBIe epoeoo aaapa . C o oIt pe po pyea I X . oaa

oo yypI pee' oiay, arre oe va.

I}I' e oo 1vI'orIc.

Halloare

xJ8lapoltltc

cttI'.

A.opoa
o eoopIx aea JI ya
..apIx aepo'' a yoIo.roJlo

aaHI
Xyorr.or
yBa ye o. o.
p eppeaopa
po o ao ..opIaeM'' ya e
apoo. oooe BIvrae oJtToB pavI Te
o6 op yyp' oope oy IX .,
y e Ix prr oaa a pep
odrepooo xyo,reeroo poea: yco .peAep p. I(poe or,
e AptlBvla,.pee
oc oaa yeo ooo BI{e
aroe xopoIo 3aooe peI B)Itvr
3JIo' o o3Boo aya3poa 1 P1JI1||1|o
xyoEeey pa).
Crrora ya o?t{a ope}r
oeo a Bx ox aoo y.
a: Peeaa' apoo }raepl.ra. e pe.r
lroa o epeoee' o }tele aeTo Bo.
p... He IaaT' o yBo ax
.,apIx aepo'' lo a6Io aay ., o B.
ee ae o eo o ro eo
ee 6pae.
.[ ox xyoIto'
pee eo aaeeoo oa' oo y]to e.
oxor yaeo}l oeoo opea' e.
oxolrr yoe xyolreeo pa oo.
re. Ho, o.eprx, Poo ep yBo

r24

A.opoa.

o eoroor

aetl.ax .fll

vla...

aaeeoo oa a poT]re BTopo ool I . opeeeIx' a Ia epeoIx, xyofleeI pya oeoao oBepao. Boopx' I{IvloI peofi oBy eppea.
aeoo aoo ya. Cya
e oaaa a o, o oa opy
aoo ae' ae aBo opeoaoo
}roa. poe oo' }reo IVIBoTIrra py.
6ee I . yBe ae ..apIx }rae.
pax', e oy' a eo o o' o.aoIey
ayaI o.pefiIrey ileoor, o o.
pI B IIeIvIIIoBIe epTI xopoIo 3Beoo' ele pa3
op y}repaIt a: o ar ..ep''
rya' aoap oopolty o]o e opaa, o.
pT oey yao.
apaoao' o }reo Pry, au,
opala pye xyofi.t\4tBoI y'
o oee o eoreo paHoy. Idoe.
o' y a*l epee I . r eI )IB' a
pya oo Pe pooaa yleBoaT.
oao eo B pee I . ep pe
ora xyo}loB {e ap, .[ro.
eop, Mrorrxe. Too a pyrre IX X .
pe tvtoo BIIo BoIlae opeo y.
re y.rer MeIIo atl*l' r x orr o epe?
p er IIae pyo yyp op.
eo aypl paIIyoo tltvreoo ya P,
Ilraa yypa 3B)IaTllepolvl' o ogotlI
efrroolvl pyo yypo : aI.rTe.
y ag a}Iaa e ere VIII .' pltep' Ta.
a oepa. B oe o payoo e.
oo ya ( x }rogo pao epe pe.
a ..apIe }taepa'' aepepye
ope.
Ie xyo,) at pyx yoIo I{a
pyee eo peao yo Bopore, 6apo.

o VII - VIII .

ala Boor' epIe 1901 oy

yeuley o poe, ora o ope, eye,
e, Pe. epeo eaee' oopoe poBe
a Heo a aIaelvrIe ..Irae pll{l'': ..Ca.
pe ap}rI oa): ilre orrre oplleoo yoo' e}r elleoo... eeoe yoo.
L26

Hatloa

Lrettyapoe

Be' oyllaeoe IoIo o x' o Bea BoI{

o ee opeeo' .e. ]I3l{eoo peaa'
..Ce
peoopa x e...'' 1. o ap.EoTo
..apa
lraHa' I{eylfia I{a Boer 30a'' o ltIe:
oo}r oe, o oBepeHo IIpo' oe yo pr.
e o x eyrvteJlo apoaI ap''2. e
M'Boora peaBe oy pe' t oe,
apaepy I . Ho yxe epe a oa' oa B
apr, Boor }tee oooe ooIe a.
..p}tBa''
tllvt
op aaJleoo epoa.
B epor fie Hoepe.Mpa a'' ra o.
}relea ora a epaopa ypaa pa
.{pe.ra oopra' oBIea ?||vrclaI4tlo.
..Q1.p61gToI''3. oo.
pax xyoo Pe, p aae Bo a BoIIpoa, oopr oHoBa }Iox pyx yo}Io pyera xlx - X .,
..ao
aar
o}r e pyy oo Pe:
pyooIrvr?''o.
o .
eep
a
eye
ep
poo ep ya' o e aBopa' aBH Ilepe.
g ap Mroe, Ho tlo-peHeluy oae 3a.
lvrIlvtBeoe pooe Pa, B Itoopo ata e
..yX
oape''6. .oopI oaae' o
yeoe
Pr ee)o B JIe epo c aeapeoo
pa3I.fI{ oI xyo)I oe e BI} oa 6.
..Po IoI' - Ie
ae oopl.
' - o ao epoeor ya pe.
ey{x o yfie e yleye' oao Pe
o-peel'y ylIT paoae }ro a!r!la' pa.
I,y3o'aepaeB' epo' aeB' a' ooeo e}re. Bea orpa oo payo Aae}I' oopo pae} Ba e. Pya
oo' oe }IaJIoea' oo By apIx
xyooB' ?IByII{ Pe 6oee opoa e' pex.epex paBlre ooe eIx ooB
yx yo)Ilto ooo poxo{e' JrIIBIIIX
epypo Aaerr xyoeB' a I yfie e.
rra'', - ooIae ao 7. o6opr o6pa eao
ee o opae {3xyo]to pyo oo
180 - 1860- or. HeoIvlrreHo' eo o eyap.
r aepa }to r epy oepe epe o.
.Mpa ya''.
pya I 7TaTeJI
yBy' epaype,
ro ar lvlye ao par - apa Aparvreo pyIe.
126

A.

all,ll...

Coo yoo opaBalro' r{o eo Pe

aao JrBeee C.. aolrToBa .. Maooo
yBolltl. B P, Bo pe{ oo
Ilyee.
'{eoo
cT.Ig''o oaoJl M. AooJllvt B. oeIIoBIlvt.oor opve yx' o xapaepr
Maorrooo pyIa' olrt o e ..a.
o aroepr'', epeeeo a pyylo o.ry. Heapo}l Bop Baeo B ox oolvlax o ol
Cal aorroa Apao paBa eo xoa
operr}r e ao r. aoo, o
oa}vrBaeoa, ao e' a v! o|Iul'..o3ae xyo.
fieeIlo per, oopo oo }toe ' po.
IRa paa yo''8.
Xoporo Bego' aly po rpao Apae.
o 3apoEe|1t1t1tl TaoB pyoo lvto3lvla
oepa. Xyo' }}lIe pamare a Bo 0.
po ooe 1880. ., r apoHyII' oil ll lIloil
ee'

Be}r

IIo3I

g!{

MBo3a.

ae' B oIvIeay po Ipao yeee aoo

xo}Ia em pye-xyoflI{o lrao yypo.
oea Bee ra o }rorrotvlopee.
re ereo opeoo Jr . Bpye. He
}teIee 3aee I.IMeo yeleBe o avI tI F,II
. opoa' o oepI eo BIvIecTe C. aooIivr B
1884 - 1885 . Cy eoIo e' a }reo 1887 .
BIIpIe oe a: B. Cpo. a
o Ie
e oo: ..B IeIeM el{e IIIy Be rr(eoe'
I1r!Ie0opaoo. ovy opaoo 16 a Too
opaoe''g. o pyex pyx ooB'
Bop opo.Myao
6r yeve ap]x }ry.
ex or pa ao Areo' eoapo a B.
ooeo oer.
He eee aEtI r a oI
oo.}rooB.
B a ooo po)e
Beaa aoa a oa. B 1890.e ., po.
,.popaoT'',
T^'^ o
oopo o opy.
poa arere ooe BoJII4a, ao
IaeTe l.Ieaoo lvtoa arae ..fl flCootly'' - ;a.
pareper opae operro rro clllo . !,
oa yereCBe r 1909 . gao aer
pyeo oae oeo oprvro.
a a yx epeee or a.
o pIae er epeBopo o ax xyo]r.
t27

Harrore

llyapore

aelI.'.

o I1repaopoB ataa yTa' pB e.

peoIe xyo(eeIx opepo. rl
..ralx
ooa ee opeeeee B Iy
yo)Ito-og0B'', pa,IaBIIIx pyry..o6oil.poI'', - Hoa Ca5roa, Cepe Cyea,
pae Ba oa o, Hoa eo.
aloBa' Aao Apaoa. o - jy'e oeoP,aT}LIB. Cepoa, M. Bpe, B' opoa-Myaoa, .
opoa.
Ha o papopale or ye.
a oepIa B
3a pay oey
1900-e . Hoa Cayo Cepe Cye, oofio' o vIel Jl'|o p}ro]vly oey . Bpy.
6e u C. Maooa. yy1e ya Ia
..oya poa'',
Cayo ell o BpeM ele
oo oprpyro a xyo,{.lvIBoI' ele
r odBeIIIe y. Heaoa}Io' o ooo'
pyrr xyo{a oelee alt ro ep.
I yeTe poy.
B 1902 . H. Cayo aa Boe ITJTeIIIeeB
aplto oaoI Be - oo1 pyeIx epo epoeor oepa. B o Bee lTpoxo.a
exoea BIaa o aeI exoer p.
o . Itrvra yypo M. fCepa, o' Bepot{o
(a trorro yI4 o paoa pyoo xyo}ra),
Ceeoo o e aepoa Cayoa.
pexa B , Cayo po a em e.
Ipe Ir opa arrl. Xapaepo' o B B.
o e ora' o ao o ope po ote tearl.
o oor,rrralerpye (. ya, H. Co.
oea), xyofi( I ope pealr A. Mar,
..plvIPaIB
aNIPI,,,MvIlapa. Ha
paoavr oe,
e Campo.
IrpT}IeL2leooapape
(poaeoo
a.
II3alloo
peIreBeoBoo
Santa
ra). o ooa}I M. Itya, Cayo oe
oro ro TI{opTo' poo oe12.
.WIo'' pao oeeo o epee Ilofie Bo
..Cep
Tea''
I eopa ea
..aaaIl,', v| B,IBotlIe pao a eDIy ..Hooo
pa3IIa''13.
Moro peoaa' aoe Beae a
reroa Cayoa, ro6ro opo yyIeo
128

A.

ope}reIlo' upoea aoepa a opoo' po paoo oaa ele o pylvl

IIJ.IeBeo r a - .M.peo' opo' pa-oel\{ eepyprcolo yrrepea. Ce.
aJIvITIIo Top peeeoBIx opoo' o epBIe
oa o op o oopeeo CayoIlvt'
1903 .' oopo aooee}r o/ o ee ..o3yx'', oy e ae. orre ox ex pe
aoo o yea}r' o e tor ore
o TapI opoa' e ..lta'' yly opoa e.
o3ot}lo o aoay yp ao.
ay opI. o pea, lvleo ope.
aBaa eae Bo3IvIofitIoTI
I' oo.
oae o BpeI{o ope lclt,o xI<IrvI'
eaoe .peo, ae Boilroo o/T aMo.
py, B loopylo oyy Cayo o opev:,,pe.
ol.{ y}IeapBye ote. oyI epepea e palllIx apaBex opo paalo
poE( B oyoo; pya 3Bo3!tx oo oa B e oa aep. ...y
e3Iaooo' o pBaloleo a opoa' -a oo
B ox y)Ie ala atvrallo at''la. A
po opMo ryo o,a apBy po.
aa Caa.ape
ope, Payra, oee a e.
po oo ...{a''... o ree oeBo oBpe.
eo )I3 Beo ya pouloo oa.
Io o o ep opetlvry!, oopr ou/ Cay o B' e o o ....
Ere o p cvl )reIeBeI' A. H' r,
e]vtoo pae .yeIeBy IIo l4all., a' o
..o
MeIIo
ope yoJI' aI xyoeeo
aep apoo Iya poo?aeT IIypoBa oIIltIra. a a opoo'' 15.
ope' e oe Cayo' aoea
luooe alTa yTa o Ba
o 6ep (aoro apaa oepa) o ye cvle Io. ooa epoa paoopae BIIeae pea.eJII roo .
BoIia' pooBIIIeo B y oe paeo
ol\{y apaBeI oeo poa xyo)reey pe
IyTypI{x opoI' o3aIx eoBeeTolv1.
Apxeypa ope ar oop opo.
Caa.Map
a
e ope a}rao.{oo, o.
Lzg

H.

pro orrae paopo po, papoBaIII.

M Bopoa ep ao opa{a IIIM BaIIroelvt rlro aporo. B epepe pI.
aloleo oopy arrep epa ooolvl oo
oa XIII . o opeilctle epIB - Carra.
Map Hoea, Carra-po.re, Ca.Mo a Morre oea }ry)eee BI1oee IIepepo ap,rI
lpypoaIlvl aao. .{pye - ar epo op.
aee - a por{ aao pIar lar
..leryl'' f0. oa rrrrr
aa o.
I{Erepep
papy o opex epBx Iao po.
oo ypeeo poTpalra. B ep Ca.opeo
Ma.
pee pe oeByl paoa yofiIroB
..M}rgg
poo
a
ao
epIa:
pa
Cor ape'', yoo opaIa Cayoa.
B ep Ca.opeo xpa epaea
oJlxpolua yrrypa V - . pamI poaB.
eoI eecra opex yopo ea Po.
a. Boo' ootvla o ao aoe
roBaJI oeIx MaooBIx paGoax Cayo.
a, a olopIrvtllo paoa oe opale Por
epaeo vrapo C. Mar"rooa yrpax.
Po oo IoM Peao - .
peIe oer IIIe aI aao ox a.
B e.
poo. eepr paoooI ox Ba
r aa.
Cayo Booeo ypoBa po o.
pex epe: o peo Coe Map,.[ro.
o, .[oo paao o poeerr oo a.
opo Arrpea Beppoo.
He ere BIIeae poB a pyo.
o xyorra pyr'e a}r.I.t{ opoa: ora. C..Hytl'', a}re.
op ao Beo, oao
..,[ao'' M arro 3I aIM y I}r
..epee'' e5ro
ypaN{ aepMa:
.(f|6;I H lI ao''
.{aoo.
Heoerro' oela o aeplo ,
aepIo, ye Aae Ix .
aay
ty' oo epeee opa ooprx pe.
aBe oele opaI Eo o xyo]r.
epoo' ao}ttIBIIIx Cayoy o
oB Beo'
pyx oax' o Bel{eax oopo' a
a T.
130

A.opoa.

o eo.rDx aIIK

Bl

vla...

Bepoo, Cayo oao}t Bo ope

l c oe opeIlvt eeelvt Iurao ro.
- a aa eee ..}tao'', oe.
yoo oopoo ao aao TIru.
.Mao'',
Boeopar apal{T lvlpeoDta'
BoHI oe 1850 . oe Bpetl olaa a H.
H. e. Cayo
flvIca ) o eoe16, eolotvt
opoe' paooel{o eaeo o ope o.
eoIvt B xax eo pya M. Itya.
Bepyrrr Poro, Cayo oa }It' B
1902 ., oae ea yxe aa (ae a
..Ma''
.6ovl
tl
ey'') oparae oepIeo o xyoeBeo ppea
peao.
Bo oor o poxo o e}r eae o.
e3 avl, e o oy 6eere ypo y.
ao' eeaoo oopa' yoJI opal oro
o pa eo op l, ooo p o or ap o o,
Iao }raepIvra...Caa aoepa, B loopo peo oBpeeo oaoBo }IBI pepaI' yo - axaIBalola yx ldpaoa
oee' yfioe yxo payoo I . a pyIdoy xyo{y oI y. Heoe.
o, CayoBy IvropoBao peee apoo ..pa.
op B BIoa peDrepoo epeeoo''17.
Ho a BoIIp{ao apoo xyorratvl
pe}t oo pe - a pyer I X . ore oee apoo a.flI{oo ya? a.
oa ra eo oea? oporo Ho' vo apoo
o6 aao oro pl.IeaeoIo xyor.
o.Boo. o o op eo al{oo I,' cop yBa. Ho oo yo{III{o epe a.
poo poB a pyee I . yvere. C
oa VII . L}ea apoo xyofieBeI,(' B
arIIx pyax ra peo peo. r o Bo.
po ooe I . 'ypap aoBop o a1loo
a o aootvtpo}r ae B pa Peaa. Ha
pyere I X . oae aoIee yee
apoo aytx pyax. rrre p JIeo,
atvII}r aetvl
pe v l paor
.Bea ..PHea:.c 6apoo'' (1888) A.Pe
..pooltee
ya apoo B PIe'' (1908). o.
pITe apoo oIroBpelvteo B yoeBeI{opaeo ay.ro epe.
13r

Hartoac

r)llDo.llIc

aTI..

Hoa Cayo, a aoIlur y.o.

' IBa e oo opa3o-oTy opoy
ya apoo, o xoJloee, opare
pe}II' IIo3oIe pa3oa eBo opa3a
opvrl. Ta, xapaepoe xIBoapoo aypoe Ipooe tvlo' oIIea 3epoT xoa
t yoeI peopI ]lo Cayoa e.
o oe eo oe3, BTaIo.
..oyo poe''
py opa Cayoa o
Cepe Cye a?rIo 1907 . oBepIa yeIeB ar. IIepI pa' IIo.NIoy' o 1904 .,
opo - ooo 1905 . apapo' o oe oeo o pay oe aoa Cyerra
M.Bpy6ee, oopr peo oooy xyoIr
a eo )reolvl.
B o o Cayoa Cye' a 3a Ba.
eo
e .Bpye, ota Bee. Ha r.
a
..oya poa''
opoa paor Cye.
Tae
a' }rI oopIx' eoeo' }IaBer Be:
..oot'',,.3 aoa.
..
pe. B'',
Cop eo''. Beeae ae }aa B
ooo,.apaae'' pa6o Cyea, aIIeo
oal, oe eealvi oopo.
..tty''
oar.
Hpy oeal\4 apt,
eo ope]eorlo I{Iya' ra altl oT e}e.
oo oa 1890.x ele o xy.olr, paea.
..oyo
r
Poe'' - Hoa Mo, oo}I
Eo .['oo BepoeelE'
1906 . o aaa epo poo ot,
arrr o e3 alo Hoa eoao. o
ye Ta |1(,vI y o1 a ao aoo o
epoo yeulell. e 1899 . eoao a
..oyo poe''
'e oey pyy oapIy o
..oaoUrc paoa A.
Aaoro ApaoBy:
a e aul B e}I llo e oT'''9.
oo paoar a pa, eoao
poel,
ce )ItI 5rTrro ooaBaJI Boe
a
aTolee pae - Bo.Bavl eo 6ore
eo peII{ xyo}rr.BeaI oTaooo epoa: Bap, Aa, p t.,,e.
e aepo' -ca oe xyo)I Bo.
e <Aorp>, - pe ]r4el{ BIoy' o ep.
oe aoe BIIeaee o yo{egeoo poe.
132

A.opoa.

o eop

Bg

tya

oopI1vt pae ooao pe'fie Beo a aepae,

oae xyo)l' a aI{ oo Maep aa r B l\earv!
. Me pal
x IoTeoe
BIt}Iae .
o \Rey' ao pa' l{aTyp' o]vry' aI y IiI
oofieI ea: aaa eI, 3ae{ oprer,
oo oBI''20 .
B aoax
eoaroa
etvraJloe tvreglo oTBe.
apoa}t
Bo Be.
Xyor
eo
rpae
o. o ( opoo o, oparra eo (vare e
y epo) p paIro oBele
I{ oJIy pa.
leoBIx
I1I!IIiI apaI
pere.
Ta, apep,
pyo TyI ..e'', BIoer
ooBaII.

e xapaepo eoaroapea roeo.

eeo erl lo IpaI,reJII{Illteprvlll

etvl' oparre poy fiey ypy - oer
poa paI{oIy aeop Bert: o}t ..BeeI'' M.Bpy epeIl {ex opao Traa
,,klTaJ:zr,,,
Bepoee. B o ra.roe2|-Tpulapoa
..Pa''.
a 1916 . o Ie apy evrepo
Heooo poofie e:*eotllx ..a.
oe'' TaIo' al{a epo rpoo
oo aaule peoreI, e o3llaaa aep.
I ao TeI opeBe xyo}a. B
1918 - 1928 . o paoae a pe pyo.e.
arr au Ie e}tep ..BI Bee'', Be.
po}lo' oJIy iooeIe aore 3apoB.
BoIvrooTIIa}t' opeeIe roro
oa.o yBeI opoIa.
B 1911 . ooa epa oea aro
rrareo pya eoaoa, Aao Apaoa.
Xyorr, yBeet py apoIl\t oopo
(aa apoIr yo), oJIe :a}loo yeIe oparae e}ra oove'
o etvr
eeye eo apTIla ..Beepa, Map Bya''
(1915 - 1916). eee ..apIlvtaepa'', ooeo y.rr ApaoI avl' a3ao,
y eoaloa' a tvra exe aoy
aepay }Io. .(e Apaoa oyIT 3a.
frvIc:lvlo oorx pyax' o oaBe lpao' oo6ax x
IIpI1rroBeII'o ..peeype'' BeoIx coeanlti2z.
Bo3olto, aoe o:oIee xyo.
oB-ltoO

r aepao
188

ea:llelll

ooflo

pa3I{tl.

(ao, eepa)' ae ..pea''

A.opoa.
ael.l...

poIoBaIIo olla eo x o

'lo' ap }raeepo. Bo o Iae'

a pyee
yBy
XIX . a' oe pee xyo}fiIroB'
at7p.
p o.
o3o,
o' TaI<LLJIIa 3aI
aepa :
e}l' aalol'ooo
yile

aee
aypr, po aa, r6op pya oa
pao' r ea oaeI I a aope
MapoB Bopoe' pep oopI cJIxIoa a.
eo}lr oooao oo I{l4aII' oopoo peo o6a o2 .
oe Apao a o e:
Cooyro

ral

tllot

or ara peaa'
,{y a poaa
oa

oo

o ap

.{ee )rpe p
Coo oa
ppoo

3a oa

Pl21.

..oyo poI'',
apxre o peaBe
eop Bp .{pepe, o Beaellt oe3.
aIo oyI4IoBa B ?IJ4)ae,,ccclo'' Bo a..o
aeo ye.
IvreT o apxerrype au:
(Molrl atv), (flopore apo)''25. a aor
Ee' pyre eno peaeJ{, Ba',lp.{perrpe opyIz B IvtoTI IJ4pIIaaxa rpar, pa6oa r eopaop apxelop. B 1905 . - .{p.
errpe e a epe Cep Cyea Coe e.
opree aeoe yeuleBe o opa
aro. Pey.rrao o oe.t craJwl BoopfielfiIIe
aII o aplertpe au. pawrerrapo o}to.
..floporrr apoo'' BIIoe ooeye }IJry.
lIltt
a a, Bea eor.rr or0 pee
peoxalos{ paooe a pae tD(
..[opor*Ie
apo'' o.
rrypaD( eo 1910.e .
..Beer'',
..opelff,t'', ..HeaIo,
gl0tr 3 pex ase:
or, Pvt'', apa B e oJIo' y}r pa
rparrr. o peae oo re crvI'oeBalo.
II{e l:laeIylo apxeypy al ).pIe I.IJII.
Tparvl - opoilI apoalvl aopa.
134

o eorp

aIfa

Brr|t't7 t(yla...

,.Bel''
B pyo lvroTIo}l fiypae
lo
..tvlo
26,
oyo ao
t a lr,, arlT op oopo, Ita.

epaop .[oa a (er poe.

e;zIyoaJl epee 1900.x . Po e.
peoax H. flepoo), paaIae oeilr oepe o
yype orl:e Ylagrl. Bro aa a.
-..eoe poIoe ad', oo oao' oao po.
..g93a51
oy e aepaBa o oBpee.
Ix y,ax rlopooB''2?.Heofltlo' ao epIe .,pe'' poaroreo B a yprvra' oeeBIIIe
o Po. Car a opoo)Iae pyo ep.
o yr' eaI H. CayoI. o a aIBa.
..opo':
paIe' eo oIIae oa' oIe
eJepIe ee... Tao o6a opeo,
o ealole o ool eIo}t yBe.
e ropo o o' o l{:aoe yTo BooB Be-aI{ o peyley yo
.taprx
ltaTpoB''. Ho r a oBpeeI a.
x xyoa' oopIe pBea xyoo yy Po. o.{oa ea pa pyee' oa o B3aII l!!o3lvro.
Pepoy
pex pax apoIx pao
Cearr' oparraI,Plx pe' r oeleI
.1Vlpe
ya''28, a eoIa a}reTa o eo oe.
..yo''29, pyp
- ypae

e. oet a
...''.
pal45/'' a o
Aop arvr opag BtIae aee a eory Iay exy
I{aJIIotfioa: paIe' y3le' a II' }Ia3.
o epepoy JI ooo}ly pyry. I(a ep
..
eo?', - o}tee aa, Cea pelr
ae aBop.
o aae pyee' o er py py.
..BeoB'' ..oooo
pya''. Ta,
po ypara opa

..Beo''
Ns 3
a 1905 . r oo:) oope pye.
e. B 1906.. eo paol apy paoar oa
Peoa opo aJILIca BIgae Moool Toa.
pIea yo*o30. o r o rorx xyoJlo }rooono oa-oga Baep pro.
oa' I{ apy pya eoaroa apa
Ieepa py pyee ylpaa ceI eo
a6ea.
B .o oIota' y}r}rpoaa rupo
Ilepe xyo]o y Cepepoo ea a13

Hao8t

evaDo,rc

aetI

A'opoa.

uI' vITaIIo yype

a aa Mypao a,,o .
paI a'',
BIIeIa 1913 1917 . a a
I polvly aII, eo e I
aBop B IIpeoB
..oI
opaeg.TaLlv
e opoo, eae
ee vIc.
'
opllor
xyoeeoo
e''r' B rre Mypa.
paIa a o6 aI{ opeeJl.
oa llooBaeo
Bpe]eIlvl o.
e Boe e popaBeI{I}I
otvl yyp
op!ex
ox. Aop oJlorr B
ooy olltllol
Pe, aoao.opae pep
oeI{Pt xyoEeBeof
o plrlleoo
Ilaep!IaJIa.
..xaoTeI{oe'',
ooo Ie
o oe ooBop.
oe' eIII pee ' ettleft, e ex' o paIx,
pyTBye
B lllpoBop
Bopeolvl N(eoe xyox
MBolvIa.
Heapr
ypao
aJI B
oilo
..
olvl {epeolt'
To
lope eryr go Il t otxoe lvl eoJIHo
I3IBae yx re ox''32.
e e ra pyx lvloo
a

raoe ryo? .{ ora x a.

tg' 6la

fiI.lBII oIIJIoIeervt

opfieBa

oIIeo.

oyxoopeI{oo yBa' pao, e oyIT.

a elra o crwltaIlyBa I ?||uIIavI'
xItvI.rvl
ftpao.
r. Cpao, oopo r aeo peaoa To
ea' oopotly
pe lvlBo3lvl B oilr a
apaee. Taoe oae yBa' eo tvlea B
etvre ya}rapIx yxoBIx eoe, ro .
yoo ooo },tooo lt4poB.eL7.'
Barrrr eeol xyoeeo eMI
IvlBo1vtaro yToe epeBoe ooIee
TpauLI1vI,
a}IoM r{ae - yy..apIx tvlae.
..pa''
po''. B o }IBpe PII\Bo3IvIe
oe
o
paBeIo xyofieeo pao I oe
IIoBepo opo epeoee. o Ia3ao pe2l.
e eo a pape oepfial{ oo oTvI, Ha
..pa'',
$Ioe opy
ao 3aeoBa.
o opeeo xyoeeo pae' e o.
o oIx yJlypx ao (a o poolo c,,a.
1\4 IIp}taI"I',, LI apoo), o a 3lvree
BJIa a alleoe aee (ar p p.
..opIe'' M.Bpy6ee}1
Ivlepya Paa)'
..pooBIx''
ep Boa a apaB.
oa
e

eo

}lae

e}IalIeIM

Bo3lvlo}ltlloM

Maepaa B xy.oeBeol poee'

136

Ccoo6 -

o eorprx afax

B vgta.

paylIee Ilaee aypl xoa' paovo oepx.

}loT' yo) BeI{Ie BolvIo)IIloI:t
eIIepI o pae.
Io pao I . Dlaor - e ao ytpoBao }rouIcTaNIr,ooeo MJIa.IIIMotor.
tIM' oyopooa}I' oTopIe axoll oepily
olvr epea oI ..apr Iaepo''. o o
opI a aetx,.peeeItoB''' ltope"
r opao}r reIBe a}ro oll ..pee.
a'' B ye' oo)leB eo pee eo ro.
r poeoa3]vto}r'
Hao e, yB o opee ot all ap.
y epraett pae .ao pyoy yBy
pe 1900. . xyofieBeIlI lyI' 3a.
I o oepaTeIl\{ ae}r .
pea}r. o aaeT IIpeEe Bo ::*l vITaII.
oo yyprvra' o eo epeIBa opae
IIpeBop y{e xyoEIl oIoJI aBaltapa.
pe.ra
I Boout'tt' M,A.

Aogopauea
poa. .{e. ., 1991, .
49 , 5 0 .
gTa
,re, . 50.
l..p ya'', 1899,
Nq 1, . 23 _ 3.
rTa rre,. 23.
iTa e.
6T rre,. 24.
iT a*'e , c. 2 4 .
8Baceo B. rvra.
.[e. Boolra ' Cl*lcope.
o. M . , | 9 8 7 , c. 2 4 1 .
'. o: B. Cepo oo&rI.HaI' eIIa eeI ope.
e o. ' ' 7 9 7 | ' . 2 , . 1 5 9 .
|||Itaao 3. ..pevy,o e
oIo eta}lo''. ope

pyo oeo V - I . //
Beee paDt / o. e. A. . Aoo. ., lgg7, . 549.
|1Cano II .H. Cvlxg.. Boor.
apaepr'.
M., vaIIe
aprurea, lg16, . 32. Booa . aa-Mypr.
'2 Ta e' . 52.
|.la H. H. Cayoa. ..Aoo',.
T|r., 1'9|6, c.22.
l{ I.|. o: Itazao . 3' ..e.ryo
e o Eeaao'''
op pyo oeoll xv - xI . // Bee
xpa. / o pe. . . Aoo. ., 1997, . 548.
15T a e , . 5 4 7 .
|6Cano H. H. Cx, oollt'
apep.
M., ae
ltarrea, 1916, . 32.
|7Beu . orrore o tlcopp|tt
lrya. ., lg3o, . 11.
|EMtt^luomu t[. Aea' PA'
. 1938, o.1, e. p. 39.
. 2350' o. 1, e. p. 173.
',PA,
, 0PA ,
.2 4 | 9 ' o . 2 , e . p . 1 1 .

Lg7

Hal.loae

eyapoIe

Haroae

ae...

2' PA,
'2419' o. 2, e. xp' 1.
22Pv!,
. 2350' o. 1.' e. xp' 121.
2.|C' . A. iyerrxo' e..aypa'', PA'
. 2606, o. 1' e.
..Caee yo}lo poo.
xp. 142 B. .(oe,
eo yo,lerro poye opeooEoe
xyoeeIx
e. op pan pooa
*pao*'', PA,
. ?56' o. 1, e. p. 6.
24PvI, orr 2419, o.2, e. p.2.
2"..yo', l|1'906' NgNo _ 7.
2*,.Bect''ll 1906' Na 1.
27Ta ze,c. 44.
2s.Mp Lc|1ccTBa,'l|1899' Ns 1.
2,..yo',ll
1905' Ns 3' . 56.
C, Braa T)U/..ooo
prro'', 1906, N 2' c. |1',7.
3l IJ'. o: pamo I/. opal ||agu. .' 1994' c. 7.
.}2Ta e.

e,lapol{

aer...

.Mpooa

Caa
rIIe
Po:
eBpoe
ea e T vIvIoaop?

CopeeIe eoae Bea yolvla

rIIeBoo Eolvt py ex' e opeo
..oof .
oe I . pooao agyee
yBa'' - 6ea, Cprrepa, Meepa'
aya.
Ho e, o B o py' aoI opetvreIroy ae.
JII:ae ec poeevI. He oaa o pyy'
o BTpea I{{aBopa xo I oa ooa
B eape' ooy x eI .aBo poo oI }rpoo peepyap. o CaaBe [6IIeo :eu,e.
o otr eo. o poa e epe3aaa' a eI
aIlvl-aBo ylt B eapay opro. epe.
yr' rvt oo eaI1rTr. Ho e' oa y o
paMax rrreoo' e pe)r xoeo
o}teP' o o,,ca6a, oloofla' p)|eoa'
paayp', ' :0.rrreoo paoax o pyolvl
ape aaa.x oe eMelro o3llae B cB}I
e}l' o eo eI B oa e 1oToo
eapa ga Boo Meepxo eo paaype
ra yevea Bepa loapeBIa.
B o rrepe Be o:&real' o polraI eI
rrreoo o aae Bea ooBac
NeJIIxao oypl{oIo. o a pye aDl
ae: 2o-e ..o at oola ..Mo op4e'', e aB o o po6e},1av:Ik1co6139

..Botofi.
BeIlIx poaoB BopeBy !'ooeoo:
o' }t o oIr a, To B Iy
pa oype B Pocvl, etvl B oeo oe.
iloa oIaoo y.aBaa oo , Po MI{ y}l
epeo''l.
pI py epeor rpo aIeo Moaopa' yleo o.I' o
ooo
I]vr
1898 .' xo oe pel po eopoB poe rrreoo oa opao pare. Cpay
..ayooo M1'' epe 1893 .
oe xoa
}apooe o(a eeo I oT pao
..Totenmesse'',
aIBa
aBopa
peeee aMoo
aeternam'', py epe.
oo epeBoe -..Requiem
papeee}I
eIypI o

orroe
3.3a
o
oo 1906 .) o poccvlc eopo BIIaIaoo poa laTeop po rla ..aaoT,
pe
e a pyo I}eo
. poaoo eoTllo oe3oT'' ooo2
..Copo''
aTeo

1904.

JI'
e eoo
ae IyaT opae o rrroo
4 otax, a o IIy - 1905.' yte aeo Ca.
a oyye o}Ioe opa oe 10 orax
o t9i2 . Ipe}r ooo o ltae (y
aa.
eypIx opal papere rxoo
3a.
ery
10
oro).
Bylvl
a 8, oo 9, oo
a}r paopae rreryoa opa 3a Ilpao pI.
oaae.
oyoa Bop oo0 aopa.
..Crr elvt'',o
a op py peBoo pol\4a}Ia ..Copk|o|a,,
|
Ixoe oopoo ooBpeo olr
o
oo
a
eI'
aeo Caa. oe
yT poT' o)rrlB a o papee aB.
o o.
opa: opoa epa }ryaeBalvl
..BI''.B peya

)rypae
o"oy oyoaa
e ] II oIloBpeo.
He er y BIa a o eo [pa: p}l
epeo o pay rte oe BIxoa opl+a. Hapep' B eo 1903 - 1904 ea..Crret'' od
7 paIx epeoax' o}ry ary.la I99ea
eaa a rJDIrae..BeI'' (Ns 5 a 1904 .).
Caa rrr r ea6l aB.
3a.
opo a}rIx pa3I vlaI, Ito oofia
er.O poBee pae*
ya papopa \1e|1v|
py }roalt' ropIe' oeo ]*e'yB
140

o alaae
aoeo
yBa'
BopTBa'
e
eeoo
paa
a}l
- opaJII}t'

elrllev$t!I'
|IvI oee otle'
o o.
olray poeylo
ypaJII'
FIIy. r eaalo
oopI cop epapIx
}Ie po.ro .
aI py}r oa.
B IIoJIe pe eo.
lvlIIeoB
ooo
ae
oaal
e oo

eo poa paI. B 1902 . ypa ..Mp yBa''

(|902' .7, No 6) oerae oprvra o e payp.
o lrae ..Confiteor''. Haaar B po}r o.
lep a 1899 . peapye}roo M Jlepaypoo ,rypaa .,}Ite'', o ae poBe aorr,r ypop
I{epaypo ltpaoa. Aop e oo poBoaIa aBooll4llo yBa' 116 11J1 er ao.
Itvt eo vr, 16o .... .oo e opa,eel
aoa - yI''.
C ex op a 1904 . oe aa Ixo
aBaeIuI Baeper proor )ypa ..BI'', o
aolu oepe lvrofiIloafrt pr rlreor. Ha
porel{ul I94 1905 I. o epoex a.
e-roo e yoo aoo a. o e
IIpo3Bee III/ pl:r:I]rllee a, eo 3.
aI\4 ee oa, pea B}Iaeo e
a IIoBJIee},t IoBI ere eapaIx oTalloo
o eo ea}r. ..BeI'' aoa Iolreo a
prle oopr erretlll e eaa xyo,eBeIrIx po3 etl, oIlao }Ieo B ..Beax''
BIxoIT peoe ..Clalt 3e'' rrreoo'
oopoe pea opa aile e a epayp.
r ae' a a r)ero oo ae.
. ar oype ..BeoB'' - }IaaI rxo
aMoI oe 1905 . )rypa ..oooe pyo'' arellpeo.
aBe Bo par'I rrreIono: 1909 .
..Pyo''
9 oep eaae opy a poalra ..ClI
e} t ''(N9 1 - 9 ).
o ae 6r oe.oaI apeI{BItvt opollo}r e aoeo cTvIc ya. o paao poooaJl apo}ty .
ItyBy' Iraypalreo}ry' oaeoy, ..ooo.
y'', yo ooe' o6ooe oT oo )r}rap.
a. , aoe' }raIe yolra e opae' ooy yo e.fi opaxee Ji3II
y Bo x ee poBel{x' e3aBivto o Too' xopoL4l

Har1lloe

'(l(apoIc

aerr'l...

c eopare.
Ie o JII oxre' pepaIe
lvlopaIx'

yo e p3Ha a pllIII{o
oo o ,r( fi. oy
oIeeIx'
aIIoBI{o oBo
yBo oIvIafl rGlreor
..MI
IiIe p3IIa
pee'
a ee ?peolvt - xyo)r.
y a
aolloB - I{ opaJIIlIx' II oaIx'
ax
olvle' afioe o poBee y
e ax
a yeIlvt' Ilvt' yIruvl al''3 . o
B3aM T ' o Po yep.
BIIoe ooTBoao
e, 3aB Mepeo,
ygo.
}Ia ooe
..HaI
IoIe oplt4I Bo tt yBa:
BpaBe lrapya
IllitIII - a goI\ }rI lloBo paoI\ apyrae
epI''. po r a.
Be 3aIoI\ peyae
orre
oope''),
aI 1896 . (op.,Hole
v{JI gy Tpoy -a JIIolvI a.
a Mepeo
..aa
oono yTBa lre B ap}Io.
oc ee llJt'poBarr.
rxa' BJIeBe
opvr, a alot ye
3aJra a'
paIae
eo oo pI4rII.' aBe'
y a
oa3IBa
yo
e aeoe
lvl''a, - yepa Arrp r.
oo aee
rrr
Caa
..yo
a }I3.
pyx
ltoo
py oTya
e.
pao
p
o
ove
Heol,
IIrBopeTo''.
po r3ll ae (1898 - 1900) e paope.

o roparooyaa.B l{paoe rrre.

o a pee oe poeoar.oy
lvloey o r aBopolvl aIIaIx o-rree By po.
..Homo
sapiens'' tl,, lel aaI'', eooorcleo
}rao
..Ca)a
aIIIJ.IvteBIIIx pa.
paor
aat'' eox
po3y. .
uolteIJ.
oo
oo' peaBlolx
paypa
}rooel' e pe/rIola olltIe o e
0 ya3olvI.
peTa
IIo3I]BI:roe yBo'
paoa ex o
Boor xoo poBaor

o rrreoro
rorpaopaporre:
3Beo' o B lpya aao-epo orrr
eo atarm..reaI oo}t'', .lTo o fiea a ope?e aaoI eetvr.[a, e{e' oa.
re pooo pa.oo, oopa peoa }toooo
otoo Jl!{epaopa aoy Ayry Cprrepy - ypy oarrre ,rpaypo por.
ae.
Bpoe, Be epe o 1\t111L|
vltl

o
po3BeeH'
eo poI1rIBaIo B eo
opa.
a
oeo
o ee ooaIx

r42

H.pooa.

Cl'aa

6e

Po

Aoopa opea rrreoo r TvI xyoeoo poea pya roB, oa

paa Me}Iry yBoI Io eaa eo6r.
o ro. Co6r peao BoIIpac
IaIJlTpaTyp}laeMa eoT Ilpeo. a )a.
I ypaoB. ayao aooore
{ey rpo}r epo a poaa ..Homo sapieng'' -
IoMI.IIoe
yBo, oeIe a aa e.
eo pya o, pearra a.rr va, vr1^rr
peBlro xyo]fi ra, e.r c - c Leo otloT oBope palar,rree or
1893 . ep.re, )rllaa{ oopIx r avr rurte,'opl yofi( . My, A. Cprrep
vl fla-vl o. a arr epoafirelvr ero yIae.
peaI poo.
...{
epo I
.ra'' (1894) M e.
e ey ByIvI fieIa - oop|to ooo
a ryro fi{epy' pa oo or oa IolvI,
eo e}roPrlltlo o, oopy o e aI{
reg'Ir'a oopo opae e. B oa.
ea ollae a*royolvt ' a Hpyo peoo,ItT' o or aea ye opaa opeeoe oo ae. }It aar opao]vtoopa paBIy' peofielrylo rrr
pae: oe o oMoB .I[a o oorgaca.
oyo Mapa epep, ellalla fiea cae' tvta er pox e.
B lCpaoe Bopy rdrreoo oe r.
po opaeT otvra eo oJIeoB a e JIeiI I oTae.
e. epe eoo e alvr )raTll' oaIe o
oeoe oae IvIcaTeII''e *lpov||aoy:
o opa e,, culTo rrreoo''. ore e.
paype IIyI peelvt pyBe}I pellx
aoB Irapya paepeo Iy po.
Baoo
paoa' oa eaI{Ie etvrIJI
orae epeyo.
He oo opeo' I{o a ,I3II
rrreo (e e aepa) yr opro
eolrTpa ep opeo tvtooe?I M.
Iao yyp Mopa. yorr, opa. lrtlo' o yrIo ae' o aooB, IIo o.
opIM I oreo, yeoa BIIe opa a.
Iteopeo' eIee e peBpale ]I3
143

Hartoare

t e)KoJlc

aeT...

yBo IIye o6are lvreto Bype}re.

o 1vlp xyo)la' pBeo oMy' To B J.a .
rre epaypI poa)I B Bop I.ra.
Tee JIoIo oore aBopolvl. pa
l|I'tLLBvI
a3IvI eo nepoeB' aopao oy}oB
aaBaI.t a oI er0 oBrro ltltl' Haa.
ldc B epeI{e 1899 . ypr poa eo a ac.
porl, oTaIe ya eefl pa rrleBo.
, ypre eI papI .[a, ee 6e o pyl o..rI'',
ol oltJlo}o rIrBItof' ea o
I3oBJm rpovr aaJI e oo paoe.
eo, tlo o oe ra apelea
..oooe
ocTaoBla eno eI
PHo'', ooy Be o6rrtl, oaIe e' I4IIIo}rao}ra peaylo
op ey Ir6rrl{ e}reolvt lapo.
ue. opoo oe peI' o o oopeo
oGreeo paeI{og. B 1901 . Bapra o o
.Xept''
Iyilea
fie pe pea }rypaa
..ClI
el4''.
ra poaIIoBI.r yarl poaa
oaa e o
Bp poTae
o.
opae o o r II{aT!e'ooy'
e o yy lCapo, Irre.
e ooJI ee aoo opoBeo aaa. Ho
oBy aao o,ttl' Bl{ilro' oe
.,BeI''
l.904 . ra oyo.
o MoI: ]rypae
aa ora a' oBIeEIa eo epo ee.{a.
.'tIon",
e oa aaa ryo orx xyoro
tlootlo ya - Cprrepa rrreor. Ha
y ya or o6pa tvrae' ooy 3eo' o oe 1902 . rrre eaJI yIIo.
gan+lo oe epo ee' ypa oBIe e epax ox apIx ere.
atl6oee e eo oI B
Copeeau
po' aI{aIe oIloBllo 90.e r. I Toe:
Totenmesse (1893, oo ep Requiem aeternam),
..Ha
}topel'', ..ArrpolI''. x eVigilien, De profundis,
o aa poa' peaea a poee e.
o aao I.
rrrrre r yre pae eo.
op.
eeo aypI' eaIervr aataByx
e: yr' left cooil e rr opo'
}toa' oopr Br I{3I!r. I{er ooo yaolro cpeee xyoEIra oa
L44

H.pooa.

..aoyr'',

C.taa rrre

Po..'

oooeo o IIy paoaMa y.

o. o oae o},rooepe aa eo.
popyeI pa3).olv! HI4IIITOB.
..ayooo
e
ee'', aao pa.
Ie oatx, I peaJloBa oepIeo o
oleo por, CooT 3alvrea ypetl
}looooDI oooivt o3}Ia' aoaI{Boe oe.
e IroB' opeoo pea, euil opro oo.
a pBaIII B yre aI peao.
. Bo oeoaeo o oBoBaI{ Bo.
ae lvleIee aIx p a3I1rtIIIIX
ypoe : eaoo'
ro eaeom; ae tvreIato }t.
pe pe - '.t|Btltyaoe Beoe' oI\4e.
oe; ela peaoe ooparaeoe popa.
o. rrre oee eIy epo.
oIo luorleo, aoao eaopo. Ifu.
o oeroo ea oe ooa a p
ae ro o a : o gaoo oo0 e vl tlpLlF\JII.
oe oee e}reo tvtee' oaa ooe o.
paee. Taa exa oee y)fiIx py pyy
poopeal aoB' o3oBalle pe ccovr.
o reaop oora ey Blrypeee ap.
rree BIIa y ae oIyle peo. Ca
e yor rop ore, e rroop' a ao
yBo a oo oIe yBa epaI
e.
Iaal{r yr r.
B eopx {rreto] eyar rr
r eo o]vrlleo co',.B aae r o'' -
..Requiem
aeternam''. v vl peo t ..Cla er..o
'':
- orrlea x' go - po' orlo.
r a' oo1\{, aroa a.cvIJIa<. . .> B 0 e.
Beoolvt eyep?Io}l pelvle ool cfio
Byx IIoo' B Iooporr4
oae CopreBo...'' ..
(..Ber'', No 5, 1904).
a rreel\4a IIoBopa B eax. ...{pay ve.
oBeI oaT e Blle{e or, a o a oIlae ee
ye oe. VI a eo epoea' o a, vo
o Hee paxo opae Bo elvlp, oa 3Il BIleIe ors-,', - a B ..Beax'' (19o4, Na11).
.yo poa eIo rdIreor o ..Ho.
o pae BoMe'', Ipoay) oee o
pe oe o y Po 1904 .: ,.Hoa paa B
opoea a op vff7tlvl.a atvr oo, To e
l4

Haoar

ypollIc

IlTI

aopM Ilxer. C 3l{e[I. oo.

N{y po oo paI - rxoo''' epeaa a
opoHo paIe ae o ooy oBpeo
paI' pT Ta o p paMI Mopa Meepa' ya aya, oa Apa x oIa..Be
..aylo
o
yTa eoa''.
lvtpoIy B
III'y paer ore.yI, Tpae oo , oopoe a aTo e o IvI pee}I.
oooa. o epT re aoo , va po.
Belvr o tI opa eoa' eo pay}I' e o
paI' e yee' e c aoT eo' a Too oe - eoIleoe' a o aeoe' a
}I3Il- o o, To?'' - TiaM pTope opo.
o aaBa p aIo.
oa poa rrreoo eo .
paypa ea ra pauvrTaa Ia Bope
pe{e Beo Tapo, oBlo . opa.
Iee pa{ poay parro ro ao
pap ayop, opa Bo Bpy' aoea
oI e oree o aee. oory ee oaopBa vr patavI opaIx oo
pae oepIeo Ie.
Ceo, oa eo eI pepa ep.
r opo-epaTypI oyeT' yoB o oa.
opTo a oooelvl' ToIo rllypoT Meopa.
Marle ea oe.o eo. Ho o erao ore ayp aTl]rtl}opavrr, oo.BoBa.
III Toa a eapaIx oIvroa' otl oa
pe{e Be etvr' vo ya optvlaa x a oBpeeylo pa. pveo pae epo
r pyro pa poa' o eax rrroo
epo r pyro o' roopIe a
yIe eoea o.opoI eo oaIo.
Bee epoaatvr' oTyI oopI o3.
oto o xooLtlle lvlopoBar (a.
..JI a'', Tayr
pp M ea
..Ce''), ea rrreoo oB
poa B
oepreo Ie nepo' peale oo po.
aro Byp oToB' oopIe yryr
yax aI epoae. r6rre pa{e
oer0 epo rra a aooeIx I4!Ie epoaa' arrr oopI paBJI oy 3 opo
BI{J.TpeI{eo oTa ye epo' popy
r46

H.lV[ptloa. Cr'aa

Ie

Po

eI\4a poTopeo yB. Tao, apep'

...f[
e
a'' rrap- r oBeeo opa yopI o ooo nepoe eI oo. B oeo poe y paBoeo cae epe.aa olvlol pepIaloleo o
Bo3aIeO BIIyTpeIreo otlooa epo' paax B ooeTTBIl o eo rapa - o peaBe.
o B B .aoa ey a)ryllvl aooeI}I' }Ia epr 3' epoaa. epoarr.o.
' a paJlo' oaa Be epa o6rrx ePllex epoeB' rIaByIx . Tore rap.
e oo epopy epe}IBa M.
oo' o oellaeT Il 3a epe pyy o.
peaTe}t pyoo a epoae, I.
xoI 3a pa peaLlo eI, e PyI 3 ..oooo pya''. o oe oxo}t a pe3oea'
o}repyler eppepyloleo co6l, o fie
p o epo, a ap' oeBope a.
er oo oB. (..Ido ao Pyr? - ayMI.
ae Po. - o ae - o*'oBe' t\o.
e I, ao.o oo 3 yr eoBea' tvto]e'
peye''.)
Itpoe oo, r6rre ao IBo. a
ey 3oee IvlBoee poaE' roopIe
oB a peBe ep aIx epoe:
ao Her ..ooo pye'', o Heer ee ..o'', pa a Mapa ..Cee''.
B eax apl4o apoee paa' peBo?o
ota eo.0' ao-o eoo' o eoBparo
..rttecit
er.
epeoI{ J.Io e o
opoy peaoc. ..o oa oo yoIe oI' ca C.ao B..Beax'' 1905 . (No 9\10). - .
rreor ro apoe ?IyTa, yo paa
pooI4 o y Topoy aaea' 3a oopIl\4I{pI p).
'
paopaIe B?lIetIaI4Te,,
. ao ae
oyT oo pe]\olvl:oa .paa l{aa.
e o Moe' oa 3aaHtrBae eHI]I(Ieoe.
TBe. ItpaopevI plvlpo]vlB a eI
...{
va'': oa llvl oa ya' o o
aloe op o ooqaoe ..aTe'', paae y ep' vI Jl^
BtIo eo er, oopa' oe.
p ro Moo, ooa oo. B ox oo}la rrre pIaeI yoor41

H"

pee}4 po Ia3IBae ooo 3 oBpe.

tto' oopr opa lvra a opalee
..aI'':,..Catloe epeoe' o I ea
yyree
x paax, oBe re o epTI' a oopo oo
aI{eT paa pae - a o pe TI oa.
eI x rra o oeo y. e BoJIoI I.
6o ar o Tpaxa epe. e}t' o ae oe aI.
pIT 3allaBea B oe <ooo pye>''5.
Cp o eo oa ooy aoe.
p po peyBB eopaoo ea' o.
opa r apa a ee cvIBaIIa B eee Beo
ecltl',ae ao opara pM' Ieopa}lae ea' e }IeIolM I{o oreo paelvl aoo. Texa co} aIiwlTaIoapoe
6a poa o}IoBIBaa a BIx pea: cI pe.
$o aoe IIooBae o )IeoB
..palIe'', ..yEaIe,,k|
(aprep,
a epoafie
..), oope' eooBopeoT' ayI.
B op pyoro ea)a paaypr r6r.
leoo aea oae Bao ea}r Beoo.
BepI oap}eo, x0 e0 eI
a eepxoItta
ga ar paIe eapI - myapet B o.
a' poI'IaJIIe' NtllooeHIe apepI'
apoJlpy,Ie eol{ o ypopTIrl[ rupoa.
re 1901 . Meepxo oMa aI
.uleep B IIIIoe ee yeve !!a:
3aIa epaypo rIIeBono' Teaepa,
.
Aeepa' ooivt' a llataeIx }roepoB...''6
.WIo
}IBo.
,ee y Meepxo aIe:
l,t o oI o yTBy or oore''.
r Meepa rIrerolo a e3 r{e
ooeoBa o pe(ep e Ta o.
.noo oIx eapaIx a.
..Cec' oaoBl Xepoe
epeo eI
.ea A. Peo, pe Meepxoa o oIe.
oa. Peo r :yao}t ooo ya'
yJlea oeaypot, Hr.rre.B 1903 . pylra Me.
Hoo
p*o,,'u ra epe}teoaa Toapreo
..Toapre.
o
aeo'
6ro
oopeeo
.pa*"r.
..oIlvt apae'
papIa.
o'' ye y)l
..HoBa
aa.
oe
paa a
trt{l aypa3lvtott''.
pax
B
rre,
oae aoo eapa' oopr
ypx oa oo yTa, rue r

r48

H.pooa.

Ca

rre

Po...

FIINII'oxBaeI
poyae
rraro, roax orx op BIpae erx a }rIa aIeo
6lv, ra }eMJIv|...,'1, - a A. Peo.

pepa ..Ca''ooa 19 eap 1903 .

Peeerr eo aeI fIIcalI, o ..ttI a pII{

a B IygBe BopoBee fi, oo Y!,cTapo , e MIa erI' e| ...' o oI pa eI oBeeBIIo pa r yy eoBey eo poe''. yla
pealrpoaa o.paHo}4y. Baooole Taeyra, eo 5eoo epoa ooorer 3-o ap
r, oop)r oH oa-o r rao e' e) reI
po, oopo o aule oe ae oo, o
epry t, papyIBIIIe ereyr tI'JIrIo,
ore Ber allovrravr Ieo.pay. Meepo oooe
}Iae e eoo apType ea"[. M
oBeIIlI{e o eI ee' o Ia o3a ooTBe.
yIee apoee. ..y eoyeaJla I teaIIa BII'
o e oa yo.o l\4op[{a vl o.
oorvr tvroo Mea. A e e o-o yo. ey o.
BTop aI. B Hoae ..Cery'' e oeo. I|6y oyo o re xao''E.
B Te' e 1904 . Iyao Toapre.
o Hoo.(paI, o ..Ceoivt''oo1epooIeJI Ia.
a. MepxoJr. peI poe ea B oypae' ar oa epoa aoepo ae.
o. oe aa ya cea otlo lvloJa
aa pooe. pro yetvr eapa
o, To IIa oroeg.
.(a aepa r6rrrreoo aaJI
opoIrvrpyo' B 1906 . Hor eap Moe (a Maoo) oarae ey..! a',. Ha .
poBa I B ..oooIvtPH'', o epIe' tttle.
Ie epo rrreIoo filly B alvryToru ipe
yT' I.toa ypaa pa paae epooe eoBeeoe ae. Aepr e o eI' ra .
pa xoe I.
B eape 1906 . epype Meepxo o.
aB,.Be.ryro ay'' eape apreo. Ce.
a a a}teIl{ eetvr apao t o.
II, tl o6eo oo pa. Meepo paoofi
e ee a poey}re' e aTepI aIa
yypIx oa.
t49

Har(ore

rJrapoe

aer'...

B 1902 , eI rrreoo oo aa 3aBoeIBa o,lvlopyx eapoB. porle eo

.....eep' o.
eT' B 1907 . . yo aIe:
.heraa'', oa Bo ex a3eax - cuIN|.aBIoe 3a BoqtI' roa ypyarcr oep3oBaI{Ie BIe' p.
' po pI' Tap orr,raprBIo
a pa aeo: .opory rIrrreoy! Cy.
o. ovey opoy? Pae oa xo oPr lea'
oopr e Io rreoo...?''1o. A.o aIae rIIeBIor e e' oy..Iao a oIo
oIlT y paI epo' I ee .B' pea pa.
MaTI.lie ao, IIoH3I4 lvreaI.tle oo pa.
r
o xpoo Ieoa ,*3''11'
ao lvl a BIBao opax o yx
ype
o' apMep'
ooo yBa. olo'
..Homo
- epo epo po{alra lreor
aa
ftIvI.Ia rrNIa
pott
sapiens'' - opo'
yee.
p
oeIx
BI.Ie oepe
..poI
peytlp.
Be
Borr a' To epo
ee pae ?|t|tvIBLIavlMa',|2.Ta e !,' oa
opIBaIoeaa'
a r pepor apoa
Ie e B3I.I po}r. op, o pa}rapBa Tr0
pyx o, To}Ie a' t{o
epo rrreoo
po pa3.
vftI,lBvlJa3lvl' pe]vte I 3o
a aa
op
pyeIo
Bpove,
Ho.
..gfi
66 oea
96
ula
opaor
oe xevlaTtlttr
''.
poaIx
lvloI' aopo lleMaeo
epo poo or a ooIe peBpa.
Haaye
e o JIeyaI
TvIc B tvr apaoe
o opaa.
IIyT e ooc6e
Cpe py MoTo e ro eoo o.
e 1904 . p}loIe ITa rIreoo.
yBep}ae'
o
ll3 IIa o.
1\lI

oB B oo1vr
..oa
e ary, rrre oo
apoy'
oBIe IpI' aBIIIx
py' oI{pIBIIIx oea
IIoBoe opye' or BpIar oa B o pa oee
opox Typeer'
a eor, tvl oxo
B.
ollaoo
poB
Ix',13. o a peype?a
..oo
oo
Hoo
3aaa'
eoJloBeoo
tl
pr o.re eao, oe oao pyo o,a a
3 oBIx'' ra .
aeIo tvroN{ aItvr yolea}r

Arrp oo opeorrreoo
ro o ao eo oeIxeopee pa10

MIIex o rvroe. B ope 1908 . eape oMap}eBo o ae e o rrrreBIo' eo eyIeo oa ITyae ltee e a etvry
,.rrre
opeeo,'. ..He y eo oTeeH.
I{oT B p a..vlTu:vla yr ; e paBealolx
a opo oe ra; e oaTo}lo ropo oo o.
pa)aelloo oya'..
Pyo ayr e e Iep.
e' a a}ree yrrlTpo, o ra oa ypa
o.
opapoaa
opaeo
oo. }to e o
o oIte' e 3aoNra apaBe
B}' .
oo rrre
3e''' - aaI4pye
py.
ypy poaa Ape
er. Pe o Tolvl' To Iore
a p!II{I B epaType
X
ooa
opy
polvlaa' 3oeoe
Jleee'
pe.
a Mal{epa a ..: ..Bret paealoix
arre
BIvIa opooe
ra rrrrre
ap a
ro oe yr - tpo, }IoPTeI{Irvr oTy.
lvl' BolvI yfiaa rprIItINIPt BIer'I: <Br4e,
a parf, Ba Ia Ipaa pIlI{e' .ly orpoItvtI all.a}an e aa l<oo eo opI )ra o>l'' (..opo et'ltl,'). Ho o ITepe.
o' o eI e oparae tvla a o' a eTa'
oI{a JII ea' Bpy o3a pyylo peao.
Ape
el oI{aotl
r[Ielvl

Mrx 1906 . o a o o prooy:.....o

IIpaBT. pepaI yraT' a a Jll4epaop e .

epe''. oae ..Merry y peor'' e.
r epe o Bpe: ..Bo pe aIo paoo
ao}ta 3.o a BeLT1vI
IIo3Io pe.qa e.
pe o a e, ooo tvroax' ayar
aI' o eo eayleo o: o epeoT''.
reo Bpe epo poo or opol\a
oypo Po ooo ae aa xoT
a e. A 1926 . poolo aooepoe or: oario eao{y paop*Io Hapooa e
ooeI taur. poe pfIrlIIeo.
o r 3TI 3 oTpIToo oTya 66oea, a
eo eI - pepyapa eapo. Bpo.re, oy pere o rrreol yeMao o oa.

Harrorrare

}r.ltyaote

H.porloa.

ael..'.

prrera
1PrzbszeshiS. Moi wsp6lze6ni.Warszawa, 1934' s. 241.
2opoGee o aooorerrx flrGlretoo poro ey.
pr . .: Mosku:in . Tw6rzoJ Przyyszewskiego ptzez
pryzmat, enzury rosyjskiej kolia I i pozqtku X wiku./
Pamitnik Literki' 1998, z. 2, s. 165 - 1'73.
||PrzbszesAi .S. Confiteor.// In: Prlgramy i dyskusje literakie okresu
Mlodj Polski. Wro|aw, |977' s. 247.
ae A' Co pooae. //payprrIe .
I o tvlol!a o ar . M', 2000' . 69.
s Przbszewsi S. Moi wsp6lzeSni. WSr6d swoih. Warszwa/1930, s.
14 0, 141.
o: Mtl'epodB. Haee. .' 1998' . 430.
".
?..Ber''.1904' Ns 4.
8 Ta e.
9 poorere a re oe oo e e o po,l o
oore) r aopy I opaeo rrIe e.
..Ce aa e
e ao apo
.I
aepa rce3 o. m oll o.
prr''.'Be
em peDrelr JIe eeJIIeo mr, a ya ompaa eoHoe eprlllroe ygo' o.
otll r o

" ...,ECTB I4E IIEPBoE.

Cea

o3ollI

pe

eo o

(oea, o. Bo .a Hapeo'
epo.
yrte ao o prrrgg. f|apfig*oou.,po""'o"".
3alra. aae ae' ea oae. <... >

o.

pxpl .(oo 6Ireom!

- pa EelIe
o.oa.
aeep (r y6e): oy6, l{elre' aee! _
paoe! oaya'
paoe!.
po rrp Tae.-ru., ,''
-. o"*y, eo - apa,
Hapeoa _ ay.
o: e.rr py""* ieapao
pe' . 39,40.
,,|j.
..,..3oooepyo''.
l907. N 2.
l|..3oooe pyo''.
1907, N'' 7 - 9.
lz. pa pi.rypx
a''' C., 1906, . 280.
|.'pco B.
ra .H. Bo. tI6. C.C.
. B.
e.ula
apo // err p5orr"'o. *u,"
y,,o.,,""*o.
o'",
1973. JI., 1976.
lr. . o otl p y o' , .
1907, Na 11'12.
loo

ooto:

peae eey) y. [to.o xo o .o oo.

o e ee yaeo papa
p. yaoaae'
a paoop. aae Drae' ee ovae.

.
.EoTBI,IEBToPoE.

Drrea a pooJx}aer{ap a ee. C'''' oya.o rD.

,,YI 6''... 3aae ae m.
oa: .. ro'',
poe e oae.
TPETE.
E1TBILE
Ta aae aea. ya paae ypr - oJIa rr yrr.
eepo: y,
Myr: oy.
eeo: oyr mo.
Myrr: o? A!
eo ( My): po, e roro!
yrr: oe!
eo: eo to6. t oeu 3a.
o. o e6 oeay...
.ESTBILETBPToE.
oe eo. ya oaa' o y oa o yr.
My: Ce, e, e!..
eo: Papra e!
yr:,[a! Pap,ra e' a py oe popae eea o!
3oo (xolr): apl! popy ooa! Crre pavu'e.oo o-

yrr (euoy): oe orr!

eo: e po.r!

L62

C'aa re Pocc.''

153

FI^

A.aeri.

A. a
Mrea IaIa oaa
..Heor Cpltao'
oee

pyloo

eta

ro3Ia

r rreoae epoaaJlo opo

eeJloeeo o}IMyHIa. Byaa p' o.
pee eo' peoBaa pe yoo, ooy a]ffe
apaIx ox lvlotlo oIa e
1. Co..poI
e eoea''
ooaee
"*',.,,,
o, oBa pe poEea To - eD4aI{ oee etvtlu'}I oa.
aoa rre- yo paopBoo rle.
e peula, aaa
Ta a oe o.rra
yoIM ae' po.
aIIa
apa'
opa
ctxle apxarlrlIx opo lr p. o e'y'u"
e lvrpoo eape oa e yaao' pI4lII{oepe}Ia epo paea. Ha Boo aora ra
arere oaBIe eapa oore. oi' o"'."'""
aoMMI - ao; or
poeo
oo
oro pI.rB aa oo o aa, vl
o x op. .[ee oa ooo.pa,IaIlr!leoo eapa' alTepa pa o.peIleMy - yTBo par xellen fieoBo.lloe.
TpaoEII eo pe' op.
Ie opelvteo aolu]o, - o aoI.rlla' eMp
oppyroa aa, opa o6pa3a aa.
eplae aolvIMIpaBe ee - eae' oape'
p""*o 3tte!IB. r -..ao oe a ao etle''
L64

ea

aa oea ea

(are oa e ,epy) - yeT oaT eo

llo, oppoa epeyaoe popaBo Bpe. o opeeT eylByIee pae etvly
N,IIJI.opye'
Iae egeo
pe.
eo ooo B o IBpe oae Io oEIpeoT oplvroo lt{a. To e poparaTeTBo.
aoa rpae lvIoae - aee'
o a oa alre or. o orpoBaIi aempve e3 peao. B yo}r oJIIIo.
o epeea JIoBarx op ]e' B IIe.
peee BpIoo apfie oor paa.
e|Iv|. o3I{ aeT l{oeppo ar o6p a pa{I {.
.To,
.
o oer eap oIaIBae a aa' eap
tvrMoBMo)Ieaa a e 5.I''2.opa - epo.
poaa, oee etvra,rea - ptae aolvly o.
To, .r o o oea (1s?s 1937) opa aIvIIvt'ol{Tlo B oee eI Hooex ..paye o oott''. B oe |vl.rrvlaop
,.ya''
oepa: ..B.r1o pae a aoilI.1
M}r!ro}rpy}Iee <...> o e oo lvr.
oa o epoBoo ooao 3aae ope.
eey }t o3I{Io <...> eoo oaa
o o3Il - oerrI e py}Ie.
Ho opo yae' o evlvIa' a o BIIIIa'
a eIIoTeo peao poae oatvre.
oaoo eyv 6oar tvr}re pye,
py,a p o' a e oe IpaEeI{e a a y' a lle ylo 3aaHlry aIy' oopa o.
eo aoB x o,leI oe'' 3.
Coa Mo}Io I]ra Iool ..It4lvl.
o ae Tpex e'' ea - (.HeT'oBI
Cpav'' (..Skrzypek opetny'') [1]. Blpa poaooB - po ooy - pe aBIx ao oe..pyre'',
dell'arte, e epe vyrro
o
..or'',
3a oeyro
o oepyo epe.
oBaeDI eyrrx . o. yo o.
eyoBylo peao a, yDIe o ee
paI\4ya v| co.a .a}ree IVIBI. o
epxoIe .
epe eapy' a DII aeN,t' e r
era eM-o BopoeI&I. o oarr opa1 5

Haoarc

e:!vapo

r al.I...

EapaIvIpaayp. pIM o e.
Ia pa3IIIIvt
III1rrIeMeITa r par a pyoM I (pe.
oo}ITo- ypaeHIrIe): ooaI a ro
..
e
a
Ioee,,B acllI y ae'' [2] .rea
..eoe
oMI
e.
e''[3] . er paN{aee
.;Qr.ra oIx ora''. r er ap
Bo''
..Caa o ooTo]vlpeIe'' pa}la ..Cap a''.
To e - BrTe..ep..l ltoooi7'' v|..HeoIM
Cpavorvr'' - 6 ere epe oe poee
eI. Haee ooo }Iaeoe.
Cor p. Bo ae To, o Dr o e oa paBepyoeop aTpa - I ao.
po pa eoIx' 1Io BoNltIe o TeaTpalolvl .
ye' a aEe poaeIM peerr3o ox
..Hooo Cpaa'' oaeae. aea
ae a$e' uo y evra eIao oaop
..paee o eao pa.
a eap. o ee reto,
}Ie' yle o Ma BIoMy' aee ee
a.
epe evra By''
He ye aIBaT o olu' o opeee.
r epo l3IIe I aoI eoBeotvl
eapa -.paotvl eI. A o, 1911 . ol oa.
3a pe ooaee yorreeoo eapa B
Baprae afi oaB a Ipe eI (a oy
..yT, aTvIpa'
paa pae
uI tlvl
po r6o I'' - aoIvry o.
Beoo oe). B oe 1916/1917' ye o.
a po.
o Teape oo}I' o paoa aTo' ..e.
}t oo' oa..Caoero'' oapa ata
a Mapa'' .rryta Coaoo. Ie oe at
eBy o To1,o Teap ooo pyBo.
Ba B }l3II ea.
pa aIa BIo B eo o3.
TeapaJta
TopeBa - atroee
oo
pTa
Cpyypa
oca aIIoTa
ppaBl{o
,,,,a""'""*o
.(paa rre
anIy poee.
ae paalleylo
poa
xyoJrBoer
oTa
6la B oa
a aoa
aoot.t

epe
paI
BeI aoo. eo
3
tlooopa3Ie
po
eapy
peeIl
(e
oaIe pyo repaypo
ea
''op""""'u
pyx
a).
er
o
opoa
a
3e
y
Coy,
aao y oa, Polue
ora
..Heooo Cpaua''' ptvro yBp}r.
oy6oaIa
156

..Tepaypoe
.aeT' To
lvrpoope ervra ro
rre pyoy IBoy' e ao r o ro
apae' yleoaIeyToa ore. a o al\l
a eoe a o ollllo oela pyItoi lepaypo eeo'' 5. aee,ye p eppea Ivltvre e' oa eae BIo' o ..
oo epaype er - eI{er ao.
r o'' 6.
oe e3' oray, peye yToe'
oao IIeBoIvIoEIloopa' o er' xo rre p.
a.ea I{I4 IaIM ya}r' pala arvroepe
pyoo IvIBoJIlvta.
o ra o pe.a' o y.o}IeBella vIr;vIvI
aIoT opBaa xoo aype.
er cuIMBoIIr opa1 ac or
'"'o*u*,
peoaoI1 Te ]e pa. e pae
yeree IvIBoI{o' o yo e o 6oee
oo' lvl,{t' o eo a o6l Be 1Boo y pa' Bep - B ye l\ltBoTItoo
ae31\,1a yplla - B c paoI' peopay.
IyIo ?I3Il. Ceoao r oepa ye: .Tl
o o B}Ity yy IvrBo}ra oore, ytvly
eBeyl B poo juaIe, oryl e' ervr
tvroM l, eo epeTlt eo epexoIylo
eIo'' 7.
B ooe uwl c cvINIr,orlrvr BvIeIaIeI$e.
MI{ oo Tapy preB0 a opy epa.
oaoo oa. !a o eaeo pae'
o oypoa aBTollolvr eapa a yP,a MvIcTuI.
eo)' oooo yoT ..Iaayr ay'' s. a.
pBa eape ..e aJrap'', py
e or.
o. al{paIx' eo' e epe opelee ra
poxo opale eoea ..eopeeo
3'' 9. e, o y' Bl{lvroe eIilrvro..a.
a B l{e}ry eoTo aeo) ((Tea)aoo e a>>,,|o
, Ll J'a{oo aepa ur lpLrre' Bo3a.
e Ia opo ee .leoea aaoo''. (
oy{ }repeooo pBo a ]I oer apoooll ec e ap' eo petvree] epo.
o paerre.)
Haao o Po - peru e.
Blloo coula.xyoeIx eooo : ep.
..eapa
..eapa.rla
o
ce6l,
}lt3llr/' (Hoa
po), B o eplvl - a op Arrp eI r67

Harproare

eypore

a.r...

..opvea 3tI'' yotvr. Coo peoy,

..tttT eapaI{o'' oy)Iae eo.
BpoEeIrI
Ba paop}ra: e GeoeIx eperr }Ie a.
}tooa. epaB pI peIBae Bopy Be.
a 6 e.o l.tt{Itvr oa - oo. Hapoee
pI po3IBar BI yypy o peilre. '6o e.
aTP, _ a Aeap o, - o aa o y.
((oo TaoI4
Ba - a Btoa oa, oopo
rr.
oID''
..pvee
paMI'' oa ,
Coere
a o oepI{Ba' 'tpto, aao ope pa.
r. oea paa ra oepaa rre op.
o ya, paror'e I MyIe. To e o
pa'', a poe
peoo y3Iy a.hyxooe.eo
..ooM I{e eJlog16a''_.eoe.ap.
o
'o..
'"*'.
oyl aoror yxor cl.
e'', too6o
..apaIlvl opao'' oo' o
e. Be yoe
..peap.
e Toaa oxa' ro yraoe
Cpa' a aoo
oe eo'' Aeapa
oee e lvleee a - y.
e
poea' eBIIIeo e
poe..
Top!I
rrpoo
op
opao ?e' a aa r peo, plte
.el aL\l'. epaypa saa aoIl1t eapolvl
ao' xoIl 3 paIrIx aoyypx opao:
py
o paaBII ooprx ope' epe
oe

opaJle
apor eap' o ep'
dell'arte. xor }Iaepa oa peappoBa
ye
IIpI\o.a apBapo rreoo (a e r
xo
tvtexatvr'
ooep
ItaaJI eoa
a pa BxoJI ay paBea oeprr a aoo).
Ta ao o oa eor, Baaa oaeIatl Mxaa [tya, B paax poe
Aee Peoa, eopa Cooya a,r y; poe' }tooaBa ele }roo a.
Teap axo o BeM epoeIx
ee po peIoTYI I| opooeo
yeeo. Hepeo oro eartll JI paae.
pa3tlx a.
lo po3e oeaJl p.}a aD(
(a
}IorrcBo
Io
Icfircrrlex MaIIep.
opu',,,".t
3
paJIaBII.
peaeri
o.re) oleI.D(
..5raTI4elvt''
I}D(Bpee' tvtTlerg{'( BIeoe crtl
ctul a eI arpao EIIIII4aIJJLI,
BepxegecleIx
oeeo o.
y6l
llcJloe

A.Ba.

aaa oeaa ea...

Aayp aLlr rreI.tIeoo eapa }ro.

o peoa oepy yxor o, eIe paI aaylo ra allrlo-ypI.
pe raJI oe B oi\4ey eaIo' I3Ba
oepao opeooee - epe opI o MIII{peo peaog. oa a oaea yoB.
lo' aepoae y3IIvIvI7l|ecTa' 3B)ra oBa' Ioptlolvl - ao - o)i:Teilr opoaoo
. Mo.rrae IIJIar+lra 3Iao r yaeolvt pe)yp Bpeoa, Aapa Tapoa,
Booa eepxoa.
o Beaa aoa, or eap
,.cl!oe r oy oo' o o I{aIa
oe pea3]vlott'', 3 oIIIa ..oopo'' oro.
xpae ya. oer ,.'' o y ..oapo r'', ett ailrI 6e opoea
aaea a ,.Io pa'' yBo ..oopoe
epe
eo', - Io BoI ypey po. Taerra pearro ye aea
..oolraeo
ye'' tvta, 3epolvl oopoo .
e luo. Coo ope oil cTtlxlv|,oole.
eI4pa eloo oaIae y luotlc' ..paa.
r o'' apo. !occo ae eoeey Io ..paae Beeo''12. o
xyoa ao paapa a ..opa oolvta'', opyfielrr ..Hpay (D llapo.oo'''3. oo.
eo o opBa po lvtyII{- ..e5rgI apeyprl' opaeoo aa B llpoee BIo.
oe tlovlcvlco e p.
Peo poa aeo oel py.
lt yrr ore oBo-lvlytaJlo-xopeopae.
..pyarroivr
otr
eg'' - pg1.BIerIlvl e pe.Ie.
eoBD( oopoo (.ToapeBo oorarwt''' 1904). Co.
ory opIa Ilae a ..rrype5rto,' po aa
(Teap o.o ,oJwlr,,,1908).e e pa oepIBaJI' Do
eap -o opa arlr. Crvrororo oTIloIe l{py
r e vyrr Meepxo, oop fipec pBpaP
eaI.II B ravroo a ooBe yJloor oore. B o.
oeTB eno oIeltr{e ea o]trra ra a .
.eaJo D}IyxGIyJIIyp' pvet Bt}lrre}t
}IeTolvt eeo e 6rro .heo..reoe Moarle''. ..Coa B ea)e
0o yop a ae fie.
c' - JIoBIIooxBa o oy eepxo a, a.
19

Haor

le alIel.rn

..aeMaM peo oo oop' o paN!

l.o o } ypeey oIoy Tparrleoo Be

MoJtIa''

l].

oa 6e Beo ey eo ]vroa..Hooo
Cpao. ltopoo aotvrIoep}rae
a''. ooa eB o aBaro.paaeo
IaoMMI o oeolvr epoa - pyo oop'
)3 Ia TaIoBo oex opoo r:r!ovl}v!
...(Be
I]poxo
T. ABTop pay pe.ypE(a:
e ep}Ie.x yleoBa' oa o e ra,
a e oIvtalo py,pya. popao-pe oo e
o oy.' e o oIoTopoo Mpa yoa' a o
..pe''
a paI
vUIkIB IIapoo}I ap. B pex
yalo Io ,eoe co\\a'vI.opa
epeeeI 3a yy eoBela poxo. a
.(eooo
..o}ta'',
oa'',
ooM oe avaa .(IrooT'a''.
aoe a po - e Aap -..pa.r
.ao aIo a''. r rea, xyo)rrapa - Ito.
pee peaI1ra eo o - oa poxoT'
..3
rBopl4aBTop'
paI' o o ao' oya po.
o Aap''. Heo a ILLr'Iao yx Bop.
x yIeB - tly3IlaEa xyo}l - poxo p
ctavLl4pa,r{a ollaet ar pa.
Aap - lvIyII(a' oopoo 3a pa a..3ooo pe'' - e3all}lo oI{a3IBa
Ie o ooo. oprtI ee - poet
..tvleoo
rpy}teTa''. a.
maudit - oae e
.ro.y
Ipa Bee oMy' o
a eo oIa
Ile3ao ayae poo I]tIIIa. a eye
..eeea'
eaea
pyx o ea, a
oep}IMo6'' - 6g"e ypaTI ptvll.rlro orrro.
' oJr peoaa e{y I:tlIIIo Ivlpolvl3a.
I1. Aap, oeyparor ppao aypo' ylae oyopo p. Cp epy
ooo p' Aap Ie ee c aoi
Be ey Pyay - oar Cea .
(e To orTI eeI' Ire To o)eeoo ). Ho
..g6g
vapy IeB}r'' - eae' pe.
Pyaa ..oIpa''
aeIe oI'
.eetvrAap yeBa
3ooIe a ee IBIX oefi(ax.
Peyu1a pa p olvrol vepo tvIa
Berr IIae ep Pya. oao o o-

r60

o a BaT poa ( y Boeo

.Mol{Iurlleoo
rpoxot. oa - yleo ey{Tooe),
or
oTpIT y3IIay ay yTa.
pe
Coay
Aap
pae oxl{oBel{e B Tol\lt aI]tlleol
Boe: aoe o Bopo3o
ooay
y.
3I. o.ao oe
ByIoM IIeIl N{yIa ypae' y)aJlr oot e,
oe eo BIoa
paall
peXa - opy}a e..oo,
a,lo oae
oaBa
o ye
ea
TpeTI o Mp, }l
oe.o oa,'. A e o yT I{e o' oo}Iy To I r y*","-u
yo oooo, a o ..ellt',
,"
pu"*,"t
Ia ea,
oopr o opa epea ..opoe
e a ee
o'', o y"pu'",,.ap
ao.
leo e.
..Itt.le
Ca - aao eBp'', TaI<INILI
oBa aop 3apIae a3oIry
opIo' ItoTopa,
Ipolt{' poae Be a BIo yaI
oea - eo
eJloe ecce {oy pe eeo.
eoe o.
pe eaero }lea' tvIIryTIa
oea o3l\4o}la
IFIo oolIo epaI
ep. Tevr
..ex
ee. a a

Bal
pypo''. .h ao I{eT oPI''.
ooe"
;p;;
y po' oep,rralac' B..Hoo
Cpave'', LlIir(Iea oaa
r.
Itopy
o.pa}I 6e o - Ia.
a oo3L|. pTlvlex
op. oy yao o3a o.paaTey
Tpyypy
apreo
po, aaalM
e oBaI\4 - Tlo'
vo Coy opeee a ..paepyTy
6aa
'n' "i*,oro, oopa ee appao.I{yay
pyy.
py' ay
1!{LIeM aoa''I5.
..Hooo
ooy
Cpava''
oBe M.
epaI
o:
opa oa Caar
i'
e. elr, a ea' oe.IIEe
'u
py3lv1
oaeo
yBeo.
o eilc pa}II
cvIIv7BokI3L|pyeT l{epeprr
op' pa3a ea I ?l.
Heyaa
Meaopoa,
op aI'I4e'
"'o"""""e
opae, oaee epeeaIe
3Ilae ocoJIe IvlB o]vl e e lvr poa
.
B popae.peie
ar peaye
y lvIpa
Tpee paee
- y
oo Bea - oa o eeotl l'
Pyaa - ,*,.-

16 r

. a ;r c '

o Taoe lyae 6I -..ggg Beoo opa'', B

..poa oa oaI'' (..opa oB.
oopoo
opy''). Ho eoea al p
'o
"'p"*",,a
eo}I,oa oBeI)ItB.Baa e.ap.
o
lIoT Aap - o' oBerro' apa 3a p3IvIpIe
..6yly)ra}ry
e}Ieyoro, oep.
IIpT3a, a
Io6oIo Hoor+e la eo''. Heerro
*,*o"''
o3e, o.pIryTa, o oe epBoo BIeIj
..aa oya Meo'', a e I poya
oo opa, a{ B .olvl'Yl npklfaIa o op.
B opoe ee - ooo pyaoo
ole. Mp ao pe.eo paIM: e
}IeyJIoBl!{o'oI{aaIIo, ooye Ce o. .
Mepea oea pr a oepe c oo ea'
ee oo a o6eo aea' 3aeea e oe.
p apoeoo oox aIIv,eaoooo ra a oo.
y Cpy Bo.TMo yoBlo e pa
pa
}too a eBaI oIvt 3 oo pa. Ha e
..aae a.ae e3ao'' - yo pea po 3.
eo orvlpoea oBIa.
B e pe a ooT - M .
oox Mpo - poxo x .
paBopa
oo
t oolliaeoe pae NIya
6a,
aa
oo 3y.
ee. Aap ypae' oIpa o
a Bo e, .ooll}ly oIM Mpo. oae pa - oa ea ypaa ee Bo o
eJloeey y Be e fIo,aa otoao.
]y ye: eo oo ol y oroeoo,
o a,a- ooy. oe oo a
a ey o, o..3aaBe
e.eo oyae' a oe
ra,
}aa
oo a o o' 3Bya oee yap ao'
o.
rrx otlo''. ape po ee I a
pMa:
B
eoo
ee. ar oela ope.y ay
e.
Bepe'
yra
eMIyo
a Mpala Bola
oea Bpe 6e pa o Ea o.
y eo3IvIo)loo.
Caor o o }IeLIoo Cpae - o3 ya.
Be lvraepoe.o a pela: peo

prao,
e
3aH oaoe - o
o.
po3ee'
epaypor
BpIvt- oooe
opoToo
.
ole

popaoaoe'
xy.
r e BI/aeTB ae p}*epa.apa
peB3.
e
o}II{aalvrepeo i\{Ma!r!lrIa' 3aTo
L2

Ma

a a o e a r r

I' oI .. ooopao
oo3oo
rpar. o yley
B ooeT.vI eo}l
..B,
IIoM:
o lvroJ' oe r eyIr4
o''. ooy apa IoM aoI}I epo.
aa eyr MpBI peI, a.eI a.
eIlll
(apoec
Be
oo, ooo
ro, Ber ar), a uIoBvIaIe e- 3a (oeIe By, opae epae, oTe
aea, C o).
oa aop paae oaoe ee'
yro' xaollrryro y - Ta epya
po
ypay opueo N{oI. p oM B
opy
B peeo pe oop.
.ee paopaaeT
I teIx xo.o' oo'
apae3lvro
I.fyaI ay3' ooe*l c 6eee
evrIa oxpoIlNre plvto e.eo pilro ya
(.,P a N{poo33pee'', 1910; .. oo pa'', 1915).
r' a e,
To Io ppoe oe - oo.
rr p: al eo oo,
orra o3I{.
..p1vll]r!rea
{y
o3oo'' o\). Pr - oopr,
a 3eTo' oTaBe Iae fIaoI - oa3Ia paare
y
opo oreIo aBeo
..paalo''
t,
o eeo.
..oa
o, oopr a
ee e o'',
ep' o L,roeTI eoo, ..oa oB e ra'', o e oa oBa 3I. Moa
}Iy3Iao
are o DlM' eo' e, oore a
..eoeoe
opIae eo poee
o.epa.
''. !re
eylo{ - Tppylor.
yoe'
r{oo
- ye aI o}Ito
o.eo plro oaBIo peore. o
3a}I o' o T aooeo
ylo.
..e
, ooy
e peye - oB''.
e
ca..Heooo
paa'' o pevra paea aeoo ya, r Mo}It' .ae o
eopeeIM
eaFIe o py aeo pe !e.
o lI{rlea Iaa To oopeeo
opoaa -..691 aeTa'', ar a3a t Aearp
..aerro-ypeya, araa }ILr!Ieo,
..Ta, (oa))
o,, c a.
aea, ya' o.
oMa plt{o .}e, - o HeaMeI{Ie
pBa opae
e, MeIoI o o(a eoaeo'
e
pe|plolr)
r., rl
1 63

Hoal

epol{Iie

e,l.I'.,

oepleo J/ pa3pe3' o.a MI e o po3o

oa
peaIx
o6lil', 16. l l\Io)It'
v aoa ea o
r yTpee xyota
a, o eo oerI apaI Bo3N4 .
o o poo a.o yTeO ooee.
..Hor
pa'' yoo Be I 3Beo]!{ IvI a3IaeN{ eaoe'
..oTeI{M
p oM
a6oroo''1?'
eBo
o oy Bey - ope.o oI{a3oo yeIee
ep ot.l' o e e oo ca aco, o o petvr yo occylo 3 rl ao e7aI'||1 BoT ylBoBa'
ooT
Mp a.
6e vyaoo
o oooe oepfiae opaoT
rlo aoI. B aoI4':^To, o eal o
oey - oee px aop o - eT pe.Ta o6o, oo, oor Bee oooeoe
e oo oo e.
e oo epoeo
epaype'
Poc e
ore'
poa' Bo o yae,
eo
r
o
aoo,
tlo
o, o
ro o.ao
eMoIoMy TopeIo. l[paa6l p6ey
a o ylye
yp aIol\IMI pae
er )rap; oro po)*a apoo ea'
aepa po3a.
opy oopoo paopaae
aB II a6.
; Mapo oe
eIoNIIM
oaIae
yae
B ao
..Cpae
poae:
B
ore.o,
paeoe'
poBe.
M}la vlo3lvlo .oo 6t paee
<...>' a rre Teop oo eo.
e poe.eM
pe vt ae op oe,'13. I l!to(' I
eu"r tlo ope Box paa )t.
Ape
e epoa (e aye o oIx pN{aax
o o t e leepr. M.
Teyra Moo),
o yToaTI. oee oep.
e apI ya
..xopeop
a!le NIl4cTep'' Ep o a
tae I
..poo
oa}o epaa'' 6pero Peoa'
xy.o?rTeo e
lf x o opeo
pa}Io E, e y a3 e.
..Heor
- 3 eo e
Cpav''
xyo)fiIIa. o oeo po.a
pa
I{a epeoa
p.
pae IvrBo3tlo, poIa o eao
pa.
epexo }peoo
eoIIoT'
eeoL1|4'a a - oIa p'
164

A. ae.

Ia

oaa

ea

. o oooo poa opae &1ooo' o6

eapa, ea pe.o oe payrI aopa.
M Boo opa (a, pove' Bx eopepyIx aaapo). B o pae - aole ee - MI }Iao ore, e aTo apa Ipa. MeIo ooy op]vraNreT IaI{oTpae oIvla.er-o3aTeo ? - opoBp.
a pyly oy po.y opeyr ooro
apa' eeluoo Bopo.
Be paMe ye ele p xyoI{ rea Aap' 00pa y)to Bo ya T Boolee eaporn' x0 t ooy, To oa yea aa aIlle ryrrl oppe epaoro yIa. pa ate epe(ae TparrI{Io eo).IeBelilloale e oee Boa. e oee oea ee
pa? oxol, To oo.{I ae aIeI' 0 eeo oorore eo e p.
e{poaI{I apa, .to oIa ),1(oa )I{o
.e''
e
ao I Io pyo. yoo peaIlcToe Byr{ae arrarucoil c*la' peore
o apo.Io' o p poeI' paa o.
p ..aaa'' oa, ..Heooro Cpa'' ea'
eI Brea Broa opoa.
o pee l{paa a Hopa BeHo' To Moae - o a pe. eTo Tae' o
IIa pe - o aT l\lloa. vloJa.
e e paa. o oao I aepo
o3oo0op a e' paeo pr aoMe y I Bopoe eapa..( era }3lpepIo .heo'', Eerle; e*ot e
er. Aop apela epoata op, a I
vlXo 3 eI{I oB ra Bra: ..o e
op,o ToM eye oa''. oJae ep.
..Hooo
oarre
Cpaua'' - p3a oo' o a.
op o.ep]ae o 3Iooo orr epy o.
yxo aMoectil. oara' a e paa.
3Ia' paa o' To e oyo oBy' }ee ao - a oa.o - oee oI, eM oBo.
..oa
a
apoBaa I{aa o eoeo
l9
ea)e'' l-tltoa 6Ia oa. o*ay,eapa'
oopr r r oo peaoBa e aey/paaypryr. o.oevry .,Hgor Cpa.r'' - anrr
oe' r pape aoatvl Mo.paaeoo
r6 5

rl
Hrloac

Hoarc

e,t/pore ae.r...

Earrpa: o peoaae oaoy epxIITeIIByIo'

peBlro pelvlepy. eo)Ile}ry.
..o
a oaIIJr / peo ao'', - Co.
pya Caa e (..oa oa''). o.
IvrPeo, oI o ya o eoBo ee. flo
oaeEle o eaopI eoBeeo yI 1cro.
p ea ea aae 3ya.

pre.la
1 ao B. B. ove o o o1' CCCP. oa, 1976.
2 Mapco M. ccco arro // Coe p. 1961, No 7.

'| I,imianB. Szkie literkie. Warszaw. 1959.

a Ston R.H. Wst9 // B. Le3mian. Skrzyek opgtany. Waszwa, l98.
5 Ta e' . 77.
6 Tarvr e, . 86.
7 Bieloushi Z. SzczI symolizmu // Tw6rzo$6. 1962' Ne 8.
8 l,*mtan B. a. o., . 138.
9 Tar *e' . 64' 141.
l0 Ta e, . 142.
| 1 l A. o e a pe ll Co6p. o. T.12' .. .' 19 36.
|2ao B. rz'ca p aareo oa // o y.
1903. Nc 2.
||]anl,o B.IIo 3e3a. ' 1909.
l n Ta x e , c . 2 |6,2|7 .
,s Stone 'Il. a. co', c' 46,47
'
|a A. eea o 6alee ll Teap: l{a o oo eape. C.' 1908.
,7 Ston .fil. . o.. . 60.
|E Trznad,el J. WstQp // B. L6min. Poezje wybane. Wrolaw, 1991.
|9 Kijotslri A. Bajka o teatrz // Tw6zoj. 1986' Nq 7.

r66

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97
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a pyee D( )o( .
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(H eoptl op opal y
Poo aerr xyoe)
O eooplx aea Iya
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117
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