РИС - PHARM. TERMINOLOGY, 2020

федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования

«Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет»
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации
кафедра иностранных языков
ОСНОВЫ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ
Учебное пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов

31.05.01 Лечебное дело (факультет иностранных студентов)
Оренбург, 2020
1
УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111
ББК 81.2Лат я73
К 68
Рецензенты:
Ежова Т.В., д.п.н., профессор, декан факультета иностранных языков ОГПУ;
Ильина Л.Е., к.п.н., доцент, доцент кафедры романской филологии и методики
преподавания французского языка ОГУ.
Авторы:
Костомарова Е.В., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков ОрГМУ;
Коровина И.А., к.пед.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков ОрГМУ
Данное учебное пособие является практическим курсом по формированию основ

международного языка общения врачей для иностранных студентов. Пособие содержит
материал для изучения международной фармацевтической номенклатуры с привлечением
элементов латинской грамматики. Большое количество упражнений способствует
формированию у студентов устойчивых умений и навыков по анализу и переводу
+фармацевтических терминов. Пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов,
обучающихся на английском языке.
Пособие составлено с учетом требований федерального государственного

образовательного стандарта 31.05.01. Лечебное дело.
УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111

К 68
2
Federal State Educational Institution
of Higher Education
Orenburg State Medical University
of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
The Department of foreign languages
BASICS OF PARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY
Study guide for foreign students

31.05.01 Therapy (Department of foreign students)
Orenburg, 2020
3
УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111
К 68
Reviewers:
Ezhova T.V., Deаn of Foreign Languages Department of OSPU, Doctor of Pedagogical
Sciences, Professor;
Ilyina L.E., Associate Professor of the Department of Romanic Philology and methods of
French language teaching, PhD of Pedagogy, Associate Professor.
Authors:
Kostomarova E.V., Senior lecturer of the Department of Foreign languages of OrSMU;
Korovina I.A., Head of the Department of Foreign languages of OrSMU, PhD of Pedagogy,
Associate Professor
Study guide is a practical course of basics of the international language of communication

of physicians for English-speaking students. It includes the theoretical issues on the International
Pharmaceutical Nomenclature on the basis of the Latin grammar. A great deal of training exercises
helps students to form skills in analysis and interpretation of pharmaceutical terms. Study guide is
intended for English-speaking students of foreign faculty. This guide can be successfully used for
mastering the language of the future profession.
Study guide is written according to the Federal State Educational Standard requirements
(31.05.01 Therapy).
УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111

К 68
4
CONTENTS
№/№ Theme Pages

1. Theme 1. 6
Introduction to the pharmaceutical terminology.
Basic pharmaceutical concepts.
Rules for capitalization in pharmaceutical terms.
Pharmaceutical dosage forms.
2. Theme 2. 12
Structure of pharmaceutical terms (simple, complex and compound terms).
Common stems.
Medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical terms.
3. Theme 3. 20
Latin in the medical prescription.
General rules of making up the latin part of prescription.
Standard prescription phrases.
Most common prescription formulas with preposition.
4. Theme 4. 31
Latin chemical terminology (names of acids and oxides).
5. Theme 5. 38
Latin chemical terminology (names of salts).
6. Theme 6. 47
Particular cases of prescription writing.
The use of the Accusative of some pharmaceutical forms in the first line of a
medical prescription.
7. Theme 7. 53
Abbreviation in prescriptions.
8 REVISION. 59
9. Keys to the tests. 63
10. Latin-English Vocabulary. 64
11. English-Latin Vocabulary. 70
12. Appendix 1. Common Stems. 76
13. Appendix 2. Pharmacological Groups 79
14. Appendix 3. Medicinal Plants. 82
15. Literature. 91
5
INTRODUCTION
Pharmaceutical Terminology is an area where Latin has been traditionally used. In the
pharmaceutical terminology Latin has remained a functioning means of international
communication, guaranteed by the European Pharmacopoeia, released in Latin in 1996. Even
though national languages have been favored in prescriptions in some of the countries of the
European Union, in many other countries Latin has continued to be preferred and the standard
international nomenclature of drugs is based on the Latin language. The Latin version of the
pharmacopoeia has been used in Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Belarus, Japan, China, etc. For
prescribing medications in these countries Latin is used. In order to master this field of medicine a
doctor must acquire a specific pharmaceutical vocabulary and learn the structure and prescription-
writing rules.
In the course of training the student should master the following competence established
by the Federal state educational standard of higher education in the field of training 31.05.01
Therapy
General readiness to solve standard tasks of professional activity using information,
professional bibliographic resources, medical and biological terminology, information and
competence - 1 communication technologies and taking into account the basic requirements of
information security.
On сompleting this course the students will be able to

- know elements of the Latin grammar (noun and adjective in singular and plural, in Nominative
and Genitive) which are required for using pharmaceutical terms;
- know the basic pharmaceutical vocabulary;
- translate pharmaceutical terms from Latin into English and from English into Latin;
- know basic concepts used in pharmacology;
- know structure and basic concepts of prescription-writing.
The students should bear in mind, that only systematic work on the topic and vocabulary of
every lesson on their own can result in success.
So, we wish you success in mastering the language of your future profession!
6
PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY
Tamdiu discendum est, quamdiu vivis.
Live and learn.
THEME 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Pharmaceutical Terminology is the terminology used in PHARMACY (the word derives

from the Greek pharmacon – «drug, medicine») – an area in the health sciences that deals with the
preparation, dispensing, and appropriate use of medicines
The field of medicine that studies drugs, their nature, origin, and effect in the body is
called pharmacology.
Historically, the names of drugs and their component parts as well as the names of dosage
forms and some other pharmaceutical terms, particularly in medical prescriptions, are given in
Latin. Nowadays, the use of Latin in the pharmaceutical practice of every country depends on its
national tradition and other factors. Namely, the tradition of using Latin both in drug names and in
medical prescriptions are in Russia, and some other European countries.
To Latin pharmaceutical terms belong:

1. Names of drugs: Amidopyrīnum (amidopyrin), Corvalōlum (corvalol).
2. Names of medicinal plants: Aloe (aloe), Digitālis (foxglove), Quercus (oak).
3. Names of chemical elements: Kalium (potassium), Sulfur (sulphur).
4. Adjectives: Mentha piperīta (peppermint), Species antiasthmatĭcae (antiasthmatic
species), Suppositorĭa vaginālia (vaginal suppositories).
5. Names of dosage forms: Unguentum (ointment), Tabuletta (tablet), Tinctūra (tincture).
6. Names of the parts of medicinal plants: radix (root), flores (flowers).
BASIC PHARMACEUTICAL CONCEPTS

 Pharmaceutical raw material – is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or an
excipient intended or designated for use in the production of a pharmaceutical product.
 Pharmaceutical drug (also referred to as medicine, medication or medicament) is any
chemical substance or chemical compound intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure,
treatment or prevention of disease.
Medications may be divided into over-the-counter drugs (OTC) which may be available
without special restrictions, and prescription only medicine (POM), which must be prescribed
by a medical practitioner.
 Pharmaceutical dosage form – is the physical form of a dose of a chemical compound
used as a medication intended for administration or consumption. Common dosage forms include
tablet, capsule, pill, syrup, aerosol, powder and many others.
 Pharmaceutical preparation (PP) - particular pharmaceutical product containing active
and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients formulated into the particular dosage form.
RULES FOR CAPITALIZATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS

The following pharmaceutical terms are ALWAYS CAPITALIZED:
1. Names of pharmaceutical drugs
(e.g., Codeīnum (codeine), Furacilīnum (furacilin), Validōlum (validol).
7
2. Names of medicinal plants (e.g., Calendŭla (calendula), Eucalyptus (eucalyptus), Frangŭla
(buckhorn).
3. Names of chemical elements (e.g., Ferrum (iron), Oxygenium (oxygen), Zincum (zinc).
Attention! Nouns of these three groups are written with capital letter in the dictionary form
too: Codeīnum, i n (codeine); Calendŭla, ae f (calendula); Ferrum, i n (iron).
4. Each prescription line in prescriptions.
NOT CAPITALIZED are:

1. Names of pharmaceutical dosage forms within the pharmaceutical term
(e.g., Pulvis extracti Belladonnae – powder of belladonna extract).
2. Adjectives
(e.g., Mentha piperīta (peppermint) – piperītus, a, um;
Acĭdum acetylsalicylĭcum (acetylsalicylic acid) – acetylsalicylĭcus, a, um).
3. Words oxўdum, peroxўdum, hydroxўdum in the names of oxides
(e.g., Zinci oxўdum – zinc oxide).
4. Names of parts of plants within the pharmaceutical term
(e.g., Infusum radīcis Althaeae – infusion of marshmallow root).
5. Names of anions within the names of salts
(e.g., Natrii chlorĭdum – sodium chloride).
6. Set prescription phrases:
(e.g., in tabulettis (in tablets), in vitro nigro (in a dark test-tube), contra tussim (against cough)
and others).
However, you should memorize that every pharmaceutical term is traditionally

capitalized (in nomenclatures, reference books, on labels etc.). That is how you should write
pharmaceutical terms in exercices and tests:
• camphor solution – Solutio Camphŏrae,
• chamomile flowers – Flores Chamomillae.
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Drugs are given in different forms. There are many forms of drugs to suit the needs of the
individual patients. A same drug is made in different forms for ease of
administration, pharmacology and patient related factors. For example, pain killers like diclofenac
is available as tablet, injection and even ointment.
According to the overall physical properties of dosage forms one can distinguish liquid, semisolid
and solid dosage forms. You should memorize the dosage forms as follows:
Latin English Description

Liquid dosage forms (Liquids)
Decoctum, i n decoction a fluid prepared by boiling of herbal or plant material,
which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes.
Emulsum, i n emulsion a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids.
Extractum, i n extract a substance made by extracting a part of a raw
(fluĭdum) material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or
water.
Infūsum, i n infusion dried herbs or other plants are placed in boiled water
8
for a few minutes, a common example is tea.
Sirŭpus, i m syrup an oral solution containing high concentrations of
sucrose or other sugars
Solutio, ōnis f solution a dosage form prepared by dissolving the active
ingredients in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent.
Suspensĭo, ōnis f suspension contains solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle.
Tinctūra, ae f tincture an alcoholic extract (e.g. of leaves or other plant
material), having an ethanol percentage of at least 40-
60%.
Semisolid dosage forms (Semisolids)
Emplastrum, i n plaster a substance intended for external application made of
such materials and of such consistency as to adhere to
the skin and attach to a dressing.
Linimentum, i n liniment a solution or mixture of various substances in oil,
alcoholic solutions of soap, or emulsions intended for
external application. They are applied with rubbing to
the affected area.
Pasta, ae f paste an ointment in which a powder is suspended; combines
three agents – oil, water, and powder.
Suppositorĭum, i n suppository a drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum
Suppositorĭum rectal (vaginal) (rectal suppository) or vagina (vaginal suppository),
rectāle (vagināle) suppository where it dissolves.
Unguentum, i n ointment a homogeneous, viscous, semi-solid preparation with a
high viscosity, that is intended for external application
to the skin or mucous membranes.
Solid dosage forms
Capsŭla, ae f capsule oral dosage form consisting of a shell and a filling;
capsule shells may be made from gelatin, starch, or
cellulose, or other suitable materials, may be soft or
hard, and are filled with solid or liquid ingredients.
Dragées drop a small, round, solid pharmacological oral dosage
(only plural) form made by mixing the active ingredients with an
excipient such as glucose syrup
Pulvis, ĕris m powder an intimate mixture of dry, finely divided drugs and/or
chemicals that may be intended for internal or external
use.
Specĭes, ērum f Medicinal (herbal) medicinal preparations made from certain medicinal
(only plural) plant mixture plants.
Tabuletta, ae f tablet a compressed solid dosage form containing medicinal
substances.
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1) What does pharmacy deal with?
2) What is pharmaceutical terminology?
3) What is pharmacology?
4) Define the concepts as follows: “pharmaceutical drug”, “pharmaceutical dosage form”,
“pharmaceutical preparation”.
5) Explain rules for capitalization in pharmaceutical terms.
9
6) Name the solid dosage forms.
7) Name the semi-solid dosage forms.
8) Name the liquid dosage forms.
VOCABULARY
Names of pharmaceutical dosage forms

1. capsŭla, ae f – capsule
2. decoctum, i n – decoction
3. dragées (only plural) – dragee, drops
4. emplastrum, i n – plaster
5. emulsum, i n – emulsion
6. extractum, i n – extract
7. extractum fluĭdum – liquid extract
8. infūsum, i n – infusion
9. linimentum, i n – liniment
10. mixtūra, ae f – mixture
11. olĕum, i n – oil
12. pasta, ae f – paste
13. pulvis, ĕris m – powder
14. sirūpus, i m – syrup
15. solutio, ōnis f – solution
16. specĭes, ērum f (only pl.) – tea (medicinal plant mixture)
17. succus, i m – juice
18. suppositorĭum, i n – suppository
19. suppositorĭum rectāle – rectal suppository
suppositorĭum vagināle – vaginal suppository
20. suspensĭo, ōnis f – suspension
21. tabuletta, ae f – tablet
tabuletta obducta – coated tablet
22. tinctūra, ae f – tincture
23. unguentum, i n – ointment
Other words
24. aethylĭcus, a, um – ethyl (adj.)
25. aqua, ae f – water (noun)
26. destillātus, a, um – distilled (adj.)
27. fluĭdus, a, um liquid, – fluid (adj.)
28. obductus, a, um – coated
29. oleōsus, a, um – oil(y) (adj.)
30. siccus, a, um – thick (adj.)
31. spirituōsus, a, um – alcoholic (adj.)
32. spirĭtus, us m – alcohol (noun)
33. spissus, a, um – dry (adj.)
10
TEST. DOSAGE FORMS
1. NAME THE SOLID DOSAGE FORMS:

1. suppositorĭum
2. pulvis
3. capsŭla
4. tabuletta
5. emulsum
2. NAME THE SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS:

1. emulsum
2. pasta
3. pulvis
4. suppositorĭum
5. unguentum
3. NAME THE LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS:

1. linimentum
2. decoctum
3. suspensĭo
4. tinctūra
5. unguentum
4. A MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

1. solutio
2. sirŭpus
3. emulsum
4. tinctūra
5. linimentum
5. A DOSAGE FORM PREPARED BY DISSOLVING THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

1. sirŭpus
2. emulsum
3. solutio
4. tinctūra
5. linimentum
6. A DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM THAT IS INSERTED INTO THE RECTUM:

1. unguentum
2. suppositorĭum
3. extractum
4. specĭes
5. infūsum
7. A COMPRESSED SOLID DOSAGE FORM CONTAINING MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES:

1. specĭes
2. pulvis
3. linimentum
11
4. tabuletta
5. extractum
8. A FLUID PREPARED BY BOILING OF HERBAL OR PLANT MATERIAL

1. tinctura
2. decoctum
3. linimentum
4. solutio
5. infūsum
9. ORAL DOSAGE FORM CONSISTING OF A SHELL AND A FILLING:

1. tabuletta
2. specĭes
3. pulvis
4. capsŭla
5. emplastrum
10. AN ORAL SOLUTION CONTAINING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SUCROSE

OR OTHER SUGARS:
1. solutio
2. tinctūra
3. sirŭpus
4. emulsum
5. linimentum
12
Per aspera ad astra.
Through the thorns to the stars!
THEME 2
STRUCTURE OF PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS
Pharmaceutical terms may be:

1) simple (include one stem) – Analgīnum, Vaselīnum;
2) complex (include some stems) – Cardiovalēnum, Haemostimulīnum;
3) compound (include some words) – Solutĭo Camphŏrae oleōsa.
NB! Names of medicines and plants are written with a capital letter.
SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS
The vast majority of names of pharmaceutical drugs are neuter nouns of the second declension
with Nominative ending -um (Ampicillīnum) and Genitive ending -i (Ampicillīni). The English
translations of pharmaceutical drugs are the names without any endings, e.g., ampicillin or the
names ending in -e, e.g., tetracycline. These names are usually not capitalized in English.
English Latin
ampicillin Ampicillin + um = Ampicillīnum, i n
dimedrol Dimedrol + um = Dimedrōlum, i n
tetracycline Tetracyclin + um = Tetracyclīnum, i n
English drug names ending in “-form” are Latinized by changing the “-form” to “-formium”
(chloroform – Chloroformium). The Latin Genitive form ends in “-ii” (Chloroformii). In these
words, the third to last syllable is stressed.
English Latin
chloroform Chloroform + ium = Chloroformium, i n
xeroform Xeroform + ium = Xeroformium, i n
iodoform Iodoform + ium = Iodoformium, i n
COMMON STEMS
A common stem is a structural component of a pharmaceutical term with the standard spelling
and the common definition (pharmaceutical class affiliation). The knowledge of common stems
will help you to write pharmaceutical terms correctly and to understand their definition.
Common stems may denote: a) the chemical structure of pharmaceutical substances,
b) their origin,
c) their therapeutic effect in the human organism,
d) against what disease this or that substance is used, etc.
Memorize the common stems as follows:
# Stem Definition, English spelling Latin English
1. -aesthes- anesthetics (drugs that cause Anaesthesīnum anaesthesin

reversible loss of sensation)
2. -aeth- ethyl group Aethylmorphinum ethylmorphine
13
3. -angi-, vasodilating, spasmolytic Panangin panangin
-vas-
4. -benz- benzole derivatives Benzobarbitalum benzobarbital
5. -cain- local anaesthetics (-caine-) Novocainum novocain
6. -cid- antimicrobial Streptocīdum streptocide
7. -cillin- antibiotics (penicillins) (-cillin) Penicillinum penicillin
8. -cor-, cardiac (for heart diseases) Valocordīnum valocordin
-card-
9. -cyclin- antibiotics (tetracycline derivatives) Doxycyclinum doxycyclin
(-cycline)
10. -estr-, estrogens – female sex hormones Oestradiōlum oestradiol
-oestr-
11. -glyc-, from the Greek glykys – sweet Nitroglycerīnum nitroglycerin
-gluc- Glucosum glucose
12. -hydr-. refers to hydrogen, water or hydroxyl Hydrocortisonum hydrocortisone
-hyd- group
13. -menth- from the Latin mentha - mint Menthōlum menthol
14. -meth- methyl group Methyloestradiōlum methyloestradiol
15. -mycin- antibiotics, produced by fungi Erythromycīnum erythromycin
Streptomyces strain (antifungal)
16. -naphth- products of petroleum Naphthalānum naphthalan
17. -oxy- oxygen derivatives Oxytetracyclīnum oxytetracycline
18. -phen- phenyl group Phenōlum phenol
19. -phyll-, theophylline derivatives (-phylline) Euphyllinīnum euphylline
-phyllin- from the Greek phyll – leaf
20. -pyr- antipyretics (drugs that reduce fever) Anapyrīnum anapyrin
21. -sed- sedative Sedalgīnum sedalgin
22. -sulfa- antimicrobial sulfonylamides Norsulfazōlum norsulfazol
23. -test- testosterone derivatives (male sex Testosteronum testosterone
hormone)
24. -theo- from the Latin theа – tea Theophedrīnum theophedrine
25. -thi- presence of sulphur atom in the Thiamīnum thiamine
names of thiosalts and thioacids
26. -(a)zid-, presence of nitrogen Phthivazīdum phthivazid
-(a)zol-, Norsulfazōlum norsulfazol
-(a)zin- Sulfapyridazīnum sulfapyridazin
Exercise 1. Write in Latin the following drug names, find common stems, give their definitions.
Anaesthesol, tetracain, ampicillin, tetracycline, menthol, neomycin, pyrantel, testosterone,
hydrochloride, nitroglycerin, naphthyzin, sulfathiazole, estradiol, procain, benzylpenicillin,
erythromycin, thiamine, streptocide, hydrocortisone, sulfathiazole, oxytetracycline, glycerol,
streptomycin, pyridoxine, hydrochlorthiazide, lidocaine, theophylline, methyltestosterone,
oxacillin, benzocaine, oleandomycin, phenoxymethylpenicillin.
14
COMPOUND PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS
A word order in compound pharmaceutical terms is the same as in anatomical terms. Their
structure may be as follows:
1) NUCLEUS + NON-AGREED ATTRIBUTE
(noun in the Nom.) (noun in the Gen.)
Unguentum Tetracyclīni – tetracycline ointment;
2) NUCLEUS + AGREED ATTRIBUTE
(noun in the Nom.) (adj. in the Nom.)
Unguentum ophthalmĭcum – ophthalmic ointment;
3) NUCLEUS + NON-AGREED + AGREED ATTRIBUTE
(noun in the Nom.) ATTRIBUTE (adj. in the Nom. or in the Gen.)
(noun in the Gen.)
Unguentum Tetracyclīni ophthalmĭcum – tetracycline ophthalmic ointment.
NB! The adjectives (agreed attributes) in the pharmaceutical terms are always placed at the end
of a term.
MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS

The names of medicinal plant are mostly nouns of the 1-st declension:
Chamomilla, ae f – matricary
Frangŭla, ae f – buckhorn
Some names are nouns of the 2-nd declension:
Leonūrus, i m – motherwort
Millefolium, i n – yarrow
Less numerous are nouns of the 3-d declension:
Digitālis, is f – foxglove
Adonis, ĭdis m, f – adonis
Very rarely nouns of the 4-th declension are used: Quercus, us f – oak
One should remember that names of trees are always feminine:

Eucalyptus, i f – eucalypt
Quercus, us f – oak
Some plant names consist of a noun and an adjective:
Mentha piperīta – peppermint
Adonis vernālis – spring adonis
The medical plant names occur:
1. In the names of liquid dosage forms:
Tinctūra Valeriānae – tincture of valerian; Decoctum corticis Quercus – decoction of oak bark.
2. In the labels of different packages containing the parts of medicinal plants:
Folia Urtīcae – leaves of nettle; Semen Lini – seed of flax.
3. As a component of the medical prescription:
Recĭpe: Extracti Aloës fluĭdi 1 ml – Take: Liquid extract of aloe 1 ml.
Recĭpe: Cortĭcis Crataegi 30, 0 – Take: Cortex of hawthorn 30.0.
15
MEMORIZE some rules:
1. In pharmaceutical terms the name of a plant parts is always placed before a plant name:
leaf of eucalyptus (оr eucalyptus leaf) – Folium Eucalypti
2. In the names of infusions, tinctures, decoctions and extracts the names of plant parts in
Genitive (leaf, root, bark etc.) are placed between the dosage form and the name of the herb:
infusion of digitalis leaves – Infūsum foliōrum Digitālis,
decoction of oak bark – Decoctum corticis Quercus.
3. All names of parts of plants excluding “herba” and “cortex” are used in the plural.
MEMORIZE!
Nom. Pl. - folia (leaves) Gen. Pl. - foliorum
- flores (flowers) - florum
- radices (roots) - radicum
- rhizomata (rhizomes) - rhizomatum
- semina (seeds) - seminum
- fructus (fruit – pl.) - fructuum
EXERCISES
Exercise 2. Translate from English into Latin.
a) Tincture of valerian, leaf of eucalyptus, extract of belladonna, juice of aloe, fruit of hawthorn,
liniment of aloe;
b) decoction of oak bark, dry extract of belladonna, oil of peppermint, infusion of marshmallow
root, oily solution of camphor, powder of foxglove leaf.
Exercise 3. Translate from Latin into English:

a) Fructus Crataegi; Radix Valerianae; Flos Chamomillae; Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae; Cortex
Quercus; Extractum Aloёs fluǐdum; Folium Salviae; Succus Plantagǐnis, Herba Absinthii; Infūsum
foliōrum Plantagǐnis;
b) Radīces Althaeae; Extractum foliōrum et radīcum Belladonnae; Tabulettae olei Menthae; Folia
Menthae piperītae; Flores Adonidis vernalis; Folia Urticae; Baccae Frangulae.
MEMORIZE some rules:
1. In pharmaceutical terms the name of a dosage form (solutĭo, unguentum, tinctūra etc.) is
always written on the first place, the name of medicine material – on the second place with
a capital letter in the Genitive Singular: dimedrole powder – Pulvis Dimedrōli
tetracycline tablets – Tabulettae Tetracyclīni
2. The adjectives in the pharmaceutical terms are placed at the end of the term:
camphor oily solution – Solutĭo Camphŏrae oleōsa
However, after the dosage forms suppository – suppositorium adjectives are placed directly
after the name of a dosage form
rectal suppository of anusol – Suppositorium rectale “Anusolum”.
3. Solutions may be oil, alcoholic and glycerin.
oil solution – Solutio oleōsa
16
alcoholic solution – Solutio spirituōsa
glycerin solution – Solutio glycerinōsa

Glucise solution, distilled water, ethyl alcohol, alcoholic solution, nitroglicerine solution, fluid
extract, alcohol solution of prostenon.
1) What gender and declension are the Latin pharmaceutical drugs?
2) What is a common stem?
3) What may a common stem denote? What information may it designate?
4) Explain by an example the structure of a pharmaceutical preparation with an adjective.
VOCABULARY
Names of plant parts

1. cortex, ĭcis m – bark
2. flos, floris m – flower
3. fructus, us m – fruit
4. herba, ae f – herb
5. folium, i n – leaf
6. rhizōma, ătis n – rhizome
7. radix, īcis f – root
8. semen, ĭnis n – seed
Names of medicinal plants
9. Aloё, ёs f – aloe
10. Althaea, ae f – marshmallow
11. Belladonna, ae f – belladonna
12. Cacao – cocoa
13. Calendula, ae f – marigold
14. Chamomilla, ae f – chamomile, matricary
15. Convallaria, ae f – lily-of-the-valley
16. Crataegus, i f – hawthorn
17. Digitalis, is f – foxglove, gum-tree, digitalis
18. Eucalyptus, i f – eucalyptus
19. Frangǔla, ae f – buckthorn
20. Glycyrrhiza, ae f – licorice
21. Helianthus, i m – sunflower
22. Hypericum, i n – St. John's wort
23. Linum, i n – flax
24. Mentha (ae f) piperīta – peppermint
25. Millefolium, i n – yarrow
26. Persicum, i n – peach
27. Plantago, ǐnis f – plantain
28. Quercus, us f – oak
17
29. Rheum, i n – rhubarb
30. Salvia, ae f – sage
31. Urtica, ae f – stinging nettle
32. Valeriana, ae f – valerian
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Analyze the names of drugs. Underline known to you Common Stems.
Methotrexat, Indomethacin, Phenylbutazon, Midazolam, Aethylmorphinum, Sulfatrim, Oxycort,
Norsulfazolum, Rehydron, Benzbroaron10.
Exercise 2. Analyse the structure of the following names of drugs; find out which organ they
are aimed at.
Cardiomagnil, Phlebodia, Gastal, Vitohepat, Spleninum, Angionorm, Enteroseptol, Corvalol,
Venoton, Otipax, Nasolum, Dermazolonum, Gastropharm, Broncholitin.
Exercise 3. Analyze the names of pharmaceutical substances and plants, from which these
substances are obtained. Underline the corresponding Common Stems:
For example, Mentholum is obtained from mint (Mentha)
1. Convallotoxinum - lily of the valley (Convallaria)

2. Absinthinum - wormwood (Absinthium)
3. Digoxinum - foxglove (Digitals)
4. Coffeinum - coffee (Coffea)
5. Bellaspon - bellandonna (Belladonna)
6. Adonisidum - adonis (Adonis)
7. Papaverinum - opium poppy (Papaver)
8. Theophyllinum - tea (Thea)
Exercise 4. Translate from Latin into English.
herba Hyperĭci folia Helianthi flores Chamomillae

Convallariae Belladonnae Adonidis
Belladonnae Salviae Helianthi
Salviae Urticae fructus Rosae
Calendŭlae Digitālis Crataegi
Menthae Plantagĭnis Quercus
Urticae cortex Frangǔlae
Extractum Valerianae Tinctura Aloës Sirupus Rosae

Calendŭlae Convallariae Sacchari
Urticae Valerianae Glycyrrhizae
Adonĭdis Calendŭlae
Aloës Hyperĭci
Belladonnae Menthae

1) Aloe; aloe leaves; aloe tincture; infusion of aloë leaves.
18
2) Belladonna; belladonna leaves; belladonna herb; belladonna tincture; belladonna extract;
infusion of belladonna leaves.
3) Mint; mint oil; mint herb; mint leaves; mint tincture; infusion of mint leaves.
4) Oak tree; oak-tree bark; decoction of oak-tree bark.
5) Valerian; valerian roots, valerian rhizomes, valerian tincture, valerian extract, decoction of
valerian roots and rhizomes.
6) Stinging nettle; stinging nettle leaves, stinging nettle herb, stinging nettle rhizomes,
stinging nettle extract, infusion of stinging nettle leaves.
7) Digitalis; digitalis leaves; infusion of digitalis leaves.
TEST. COMMON STEMS

1. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS:
1. Novocainum
2. Thiaminum
3. Procainum
4. Lidocainum
5. Pyrantelum
2. ANTIBIOTICS, PRODUCED BY FUNGI:

1. Thiamīnum
2. Theophedrīnum
3. Erythromycīnum
4. Neomycinum
5. Oleandomycinum
3. ANTIPYRETICS (drugs that reduce fever)

1. Anapyrīnum
2. Euphyllinīnum
3. Pyrantelum
4. Pyridoxinum
5. Oxytetracyclīnum
4. PRESENCE OF NITROGEN:
1. Phthivazīdum
2. Hydrocortisonum
3. Norsulfazōlum
4. Sedalgīnum
5. Sulfapyridazīnum
5. METHYL GROUP
1. Hydrochlorthiazidum
2. Methyloestradiōlum
3. Nitroglycerinum
4. Methyltestosteronum
19
5. Sulfathiazolum
6. ANTIBIOTICS (TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVES):

1. Benzylpenicillinum
2. Doxycyclinum
3. Oxytetracyclinum
4. Oxacillinum
5. Minocyclinum
7. VASODILATING, SPASMOLYTICS:
1. Naphthyzinum
2. Pananginum
3. Glycerolum
4. Pyrantelum
5. Angionorm
8. ANTIMICROBIAL:
1. Streptocīdum
2. Ampicillinum
3. Anaesthesolum
4. Mentholum
5. Pyocidum
9. ANTIBIOTICS (PENICILLINS):
1. Penicillinum
2. Oxytetracyclinum
3. Ampicillinum
4. Tetracyclinum
5. Neomycinum
10. CARDIAC (FOR HEART DISEASES):

1. Valocordīnum
2. Norsulfazōlum
3. Pananginum
4. Corvalolum
5. Cordigitum
20
Libri amīci, libri magistri.
Books are friends and teachers.
THEME 3
LATIN IN THE MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION.
GENERAL RULES OF MAKING UP THE LATIN PART OF PRESCRIPTION
Historically, physicians use Latin words and abbreviations in a prescription. In many

English-speaking countries, the present-day prescriptions are written in English, but many of Latin
words and abbreviations are still widely used and must be understood. In East European countries
prescriptions are written in Latin.
Prescription is the doctor’s written directions to the pharmacist about the preparation,
dispensing and administration of a drug. The prescription usually has the following parts:
1. Inscriptio – the name of medical establishment (stamp) and code

2. Datum – date of writing out the prescription
3. Nomen et aetas aegroti – the patient’s surname, initials and age
4. Nomen medici – the doctor’s name and initials
5. Invocatio – include one Latin word “Recĭpe” (Take)
6. Designatio materiarum – name of drug (in Genetive Case) and dose of a drug (in Accusative
Case)
7. Subscriptio – directions to the pharmacist concerning way of preparing, form of the medicine,
quantity for a course of treatment ("dosis pro cursu") and kind of packing (container).
8. Signatura – directions to the patient about the administration of the drug: single dose "dosis
pro dosi"), dose for the day ("dosis pro die"), other recommendations (before meals, after
meals, drink with milk, insert into the rectum etc.) written in native patient’s language.
9. Nomen et sigillum personale medici – the doctor’s signature and personal seal (stamp).
BASIC RULES FOR PRESCRIPTION WRITING

Prescription is an important legal document that has to be filled in according to certain rules. The
basic rules for prescription writing are as follows:
1) A prescription is written on a special form. Any correction in the prescription text is
forbidden.
2) The Latin part of a prescription begins with Recĭpe (Take) and ends with Signa (Sign).
a) The names of all ingredients of the prescription begin a new line and are capitalized. Every
first letter of the next new line is written strictly under the first letter of the previous one.
b) Under the word “Recĭpe” a blank space is left – it is the place for service remarks of the
pharmacist.
c) If there is not enough space for an ingredient of the prescription in one line it is carried to the
next line with the right indent:
Take: Liquid extract of aloe Recĭpe: Extracti Aloёs fluĭdi

for injections 1 ml pro injectionĭbus 1 ml
Give. Da.
Sign. 1 ml daily subcutaneously Signa: 1 ml daily subcutaneously
21
3) The word Recĭpe may be followed by the name of a pharmaceutical drug or a dosage
form. The names of pharmaceutical drugs following Recĭpe are placed in Genitive singular.
4) The grammatical structure of the Latin part of the prescription can be shown in the
following way:
what? the dose (in Accusativus)

Take of what? (Gen. Sg.)
Recipe: Tincturae Valerianae 25 ml
of what? (Gen. Sg.)
5) After the drug name at the end of each prescription line a dose – a quantity of pharmaceutical
drugs – is indicated. The doses of pharmaceutical drugs are given in the metric system.
 The quantity of semisolid or solid ingredients is always indicated in grams:
the unit sign “g” is not indicated; the quantity in grams is always indicated with decimal
points, and a zero is always used after decimal points, e.g.:
10,0 (that is 10 grams);
0,25 (that is 25 decigrams);
0,05 (that is 5 centigrams);
0, 005 (that is 5 milligrams).
e.g.:
Take: Zinc ointment 30.0 Take: Anaesthesin 0.3
Recĭpe: Unguenti Zinci 30,0 Recĭpe: Anaesthesīni 0,3
 The quantity of liquid ingredients is indicated in milliliters or drops:
 in milliliters – 10 ml, e.g.:

Take: Vaseline oil 30 ml Take: Fluid hawthorn extract 20 ml
Recĭpe: Olei Vaselīni 30 ml Recĭpe: Extracti Crataegi fluĭdi 20 ml
 in drops – if a liquid ingredient is prescribed in an amount under 1 ml, the dosage is indicated
in drops: the word drop is used in Accusative Singular (guttam) or Accusative Plural (guttas);
the amount is shown by a Roman figure: singular - guttam (one drop – guttam I), plural –
guttas (five drops – guttas V), e.g.:
Take: Mint pepper oil I drop Take: Eucalypt oil V drops
Recĭpe: Olei Menthae piperītae guttam I Recĭpe: Olei Eucalypti guttas V
 Some antibiotics are prescribed in units of activity – UA,

e.g.: 100,000 UA – 100,000 units of activity:
Recĭpe: Phenoxymethylpenicillin 100,000 UA
Give of such doses 10 in number in tablets
Sign: Take 1 tablet 4 times daily
 In some cases, the physician does not indicate the dosage of a complex prescription component
and lets the pharmacist determine the quantity of this component on his own. In this case, the
standard expression quantum satis (in sufficient amount) is used:
22
Take: Recĭpe:
Chinosol 0.03 Chinosōli 0,03
Boric acid 0.3 Acĭdi borĭci 0,3
Tannin 0.06 Tannini 0,06
Cocoa oil in sufficient amount Olei Cacao quantum satis
to make a vaginal suppository Ut fiat suppositorium vaginale
Give of such doses 6 in number Da tales doses numĕro 6
Write on the label: Signa:
 If ingredients in prescriptions are in equal quantities, the dose is indicated only after the latter
one, and the Latin word ana (of each, in equal emounts) is written before:
e.g.: Take: Recĭpe:

Copper citrate Cupri citrātis
Lanoline Lanolīni
Vaseline of each 5.0 Vaselīni ana 5,0
TEA (herbal plant mixtures) – SPECIES
 In the English-speaking world, this pharmaceutical dosage form is not common, instead of
this the term “tea” is often used, because from herbal plant mixtures aromatic beverages by
combination with hot or boiling water are prepared.
 It will be recalled that the Latin word “species” is used only in plural: species, ērum f, the
Genitive plural form after Recĭpe is Speciērum. Consequently, Group One adjectives agree with
the noun in Genitive plural and end in -ārum, e.g.: antiasthmaticārum.
 Types of herbal plant mixtures:
 Species antiasthmatĭcae – antiasthmatic tea
 Species cholagōgae – bile-expelling tea
 Species sedatīvae – sedative tea
 Species pectorales – pectoral tea
 Species stomachĭcae – stomachic tea
Examples for prescribing tea:

Short form:
Recipe: Speciērum antiasthmaticārum 100,0
Da.
Signa: Burn ½ teaspoonful and inhale
Full form:
Recipe: Herbae Adonĭdis vernālis 2,0
Rhizomătis cum radicĭbus Valeriānae 1,5
Misce, fiant species
Da tales doses numěro 10
Signa: Take 1 tablespoonful 3 times a day
6) The addition to the prescription:

a) If it is necessary to give out the remedy to the patient immediately there must be the sign Сito!
(quickly) or Statim! (immediately).
23
b) If it is necessary to repeat the course of treatment, there must be the sign Repete! (repeat) or
Bis repetatur! (repeate twice).
c) If a doctor writes out the prescription to himself there must be the sign pro auctore (for the
auther) or pro me (for me).
STANDARD PRESCRIPTION PHRASES
Latin English Abbreviation

1. Recĭpe – Take Rp:
2. Da – Give D.
3. Signa – Sign, write on the label S.
4. Misce – Mix M.
5. Sterilĭsa! – Sterilize! (after “Sterilĭsa” an exclamation Steril.
point is always used)
6. Da tales doses numĕro (20) – Give of such doses 20 in number D.t.d. №
VERB FORMS FIAT/FIANT IN PRESCRIPTIONS

In instructions relating to preparations the forms fiat/fiant of the Latin verb fiĕri are often used:
 fiat – let (it) be made (e.g., an emulsion)
 fiant – let (them) be made (e.g., suppositories)
Misce, (ut) → fiat + a noun in Nominative singular

→ fiant + a noun in Nominative plural
Memorize the following standard constructions:
Misce, fiat emulsum Mix to make an emulsion.

Misce, fiat linimentum Mix to make a liniment.
Misce, fiat pasta Mix to make a paste.
Misce, fiat pulvis Mix to make a powder.
Misce, fiat unguentum Mix to make an ointment.
Misce, fiat suppositorium Mix to make a suppository.
Misce, fiat suppositorium rectāle (vagināle) Mix to make a rectal (vaginal) suppository.
Misce, fiant suppositoria rectalia (vaginalia) Mix to make rectal (vaginal) suppositories.
Misce, fiant species (plural) Mix to make tea.
NB! the plural noun forms are used after fiant. The Latin conjunction ut is optional.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Translate from Latin into English:
Recĭpe. Signa. Sterilisa! Da tales doses. Misce, fiat linimentum. Misce, fiat unguentum. Misce,
fiant suppositoria rectalia. Misce, fiat pasta. Misce, ut fiat pulvis. Misce, ut fiat emulsum.
Exercise 2. Translate from English into Latin:

Take 5ml of tincture of mint. Give. Mix to make a powder. Mix to make a paste. Mix to make a
rectal (vaginal) suppository. Mix to make species. Take 200 ml of tincture of valerian root.
24
MOST COMMON PRESCRIPTION FORMULAS WITH PREPOSITIONS
1. against cough contra tussim

2. daily dose pro die
3. for anesthesia pro narcosi
4. for children pro infantibus
5. for external use ad usum externum
6. for inhalation pro inhalatione
7. for injections pro injectionibus
8. for internal use ad usum internum
9. for suspension pro suspensione
10. for X-ray examination pro roentgeno
11. in a dark test-tube in vitro nigro
12. in a test-tube, in vitro in vitro
13. in ampoules in ampullis
14. in capsules in capsulis
15. in case of need ex tempore
16. in coated tablets in tabulettis obductis
17. in tablets in tabulettis
18. orally, through the mouth per os
19. rectally, through the rectum per rectum
20. single dose pro dosi
EXERCISES
Exercise 3. Add the appropriate endings; translate them into English.
Vitaminum A in capsul…; Solutio Oestradioli oleōsa in ampull…; Collargolum in vitr… nigr…;
Tabulettae contra tuss…; Tabuletae Dimedroli pro infant…; Aqua pro injection…; Olĕum pro
inhalation…; Da ex tempor…; Solutio Iodi ad us… intern…; Chloroformium pro narcos…; Pulvis
pro suspension…; Solutio Glucōsi pro injection…; Theophyllīnum in tabulett….
Exercise 4. Translate into Latin pharmaceutical terms as follows.
Mixture for children, camphor solution for external use, nitroglycerin oily solution, castor oil for
internal use, ampicillin powder for injections, sirup of licorice against cough, extract of valerian in
coated tablets; camphor oily solution for injections.
PRESCRIPTION OF LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS
Exercise 5. Translate prescriptions into English.
1. Recĭpe: Solutionis Chinosoli 0,1% – 500 ml

Da.
Signa: For bathing of wounds
2. Recĭpe: Emulsi semĭnum Lini 10,0 – 200 ml
Da.
Signa: 1 tablespoonful by mouth 5 times a day
25
3. Recĭpe: Tinctūrae Convallariae
Tinctūrae Valeriānae ana 10 ml
Tinctūrae Belladonnae 5 ml
Mentholi 0,2
Misce. Da.
Signa: 25 drops by mouth 3 times a day
4. Recĭpe: Decocti cortĭcis Quercus 200 ml
Da.
Signa: For mouth rinsing
5. Recĭpe: Solutiōnis Prostenoni spirituōsae 0,1% – 1 ml
Da tales doses numěro 10 in ampūllis
Signa: I.V. by drop infusion in 400 ml of normal saline solution
6. Recĭpe: Extracti Aloёs fluĭdi pro injectionĭbus 1 ml numěro 10
Da.
Signa: 1 ml daily subcutaneously
Exercise 6. Translate prescriptions into Latin.
1. Take: Camphor 10.0

Sunflower oil 100.0
Mix. Give.
Sign: Rub in to relieve arthritis pain
2. Take: Liquid extract of hawthorn 25 ml
Give.
Sign: 20 drops 3 times daily before meals
3. Take: Glucose solution 5% – 500 ml
Sterilize! Give.
Sign: I.V. by drop infusion
4. Take: Valerian extract 0.3
Hawthorn tincture 0.15
Ethyl alcohol 20 ml
Distilled water up to 200 ml
Mix. Give. Sign: 1 teaspoonful 3 times daily
5. Take: Menthol 1.0
Ethyl alcohol 90% – 50 ml
Mix. Give.
Sign: For external use
6. Take: Alcoholic solution of nitroglycerin 1% – 20 ml
Give.
Sign: 2 drops under the tongue
7. Take: Lily-of-the-valley tincture
Valerian tincture of each 10 ml
Nitroglycerin solution 1% – 1 ml
Validol 2 ml
Mix. Give.
Sign: 20 drops by mouth 3 times daily
26
8. Take: Infusion of marshmallow 3.0 – 100 ml
Marshmallow juice 20 ml
Mix. Give.
Sign: 1 teaspoonful by mouth 5 times daily
9. Take: Vaseline oil 200 ml
Mint oil drops ІІІ
Mix. Give.
Sign. 1 spoon a day.
10. Take: Sedative tea 10.0 – 200 ml
Give.
Sign: Take 1/3 of the glass 2 times per day after meals
11. Take: Pectoral tea 50.0
Give.
Sign:
12. Take: St. John’s wort herb 20.0
Sage leaves 30.0
Peppermint leaves 10.0
Mix to make tea.
Give.
Sign:
1) What is a prescription?
2) What parts is a prescription composed of?
3) What does the Latin part of a prescription begin with? What does it end with?
4) In what case are pharmaceutical drugs indicated in the prescription after Recĭpe?
5) How are quantities of pharmaceutical drugs indicated?
6) What is the English for quantum satis?
7) How are ingredients in prescriptions in equal quantities indicated?
8) What is the Latin for “Very quickly!”, “Immediately!”, “Let it be repeated”, “Let it be
twice (tree times) repeated”, “Let it not be repeated”?
9) Name the Latin Genitive singular forms for bark, root, rhizome, leaf, herb and flower.
10) Name the Latin directions to the pharmacist and their English equivalents.
11) What is the standard Latin construction with fiat/fiant in instructions relating to
preparations?
VOCABULARY
Names of pharmaceutical drugs

1. Amidopyrīnum, i n – amidopyrin
2. Ampicillīnum, i n – ampicillin
3. Camphǒra, ae f – camphor
4. Chinosōlum, i n – chinosol
5. Chloroformium, i n – chloroform
27
6. Collargolum, i n – collargol
7. Dimedrōlum, i n – dimedrol
8. Euphyllīnum, i n – euphylline
9. Glucōsum, i n – glucose
10. Menthōlum, i n – menthol
11. Nystatīnum, i n – nistatine
12. Nitroglycerīnum, i n – nitroglycerin
13. Oestradiōlum, i n – oestradiol
14. Phenobarbitālum, i n – phenobarbital
15. Piracetamum, i n – piracetam
16. Prostenonum, i n – prostenon
17. Theobromīnum, i n – theobromine
18. Theophyllīnum, i n – theophylline
19. Validōlum, i n – validol
Name of some oils
20. Oleum, i n – oil
21. Oleum Cacao – cocoa oil
22. Oleum Helianthi – sunflower oil
23. Oleum Menthae – mint oil
24. Oleum Olivārum – olive oil
25. Oleum Persicōrum – peach oil
26. Oleum Ricĭni – castor oil
27. Oleum Vaselini – vaseline oil
Other words
28. Aether (ĕris m) aethylĭcus – ethyl ether
29. species, erum f (pl.) – tea
30. species pectorals – pectoral tea
31. species sedatīvae – sedative tea
32. species stomachĭcae – stomachic tea
1. Recĭpe: Extracti Adonĭdis vernālis 0,25

Signa: 1 powder 3 times a day
2. Recĭpe: Decocti radīcis Althaeae 20,0 – 100 ml
Da.
Signa: For mouth rinsing
3. Recĭpe: Infūsi foliōrum Salviae 15,0 – 200 ml
Da.
Signa: For gargling
4. Recĭpe: Extracti Frangǔlae fluĭdi 20 ml
Da.
Signa: 20 drops by mouth 3 times a day
28
5. Recĭpe: Emulsi olei Ricĭni 30 ml – 300 ml
Da.
Signa: For three times
1. Take: Euphyllin solution 2.4% 10 ml

Give of such doses 3 in number in ampules
Sign: 5 ml intravenously.
2. Take: Aloe 100 ml
Give.
Sign: 1 tablespoonful by mouth 3 times daily 30 minutes before meals
3. Take: Theobromin
Amidopyrin of each 0.25
Phenobarbital 0.02
Give of such doses 12 in number in tabletes.
Sign: 1 tablet 3 times a day.
4. Take: Chloroform
Ethyl alcohol 95% of each 20 ml
Ethyl ether 10 ml
Mix. Give.
Sign: For inhalation, 15-20 drops on cotton wool tampon.
5. Take: Nistatine 1.0
Ethyl alcohol 10 ml
Mix. Give.
Sign: To rinse a mouth.
6. Take: Piracetam solution 20% – 5 ml
Sign: 5 ml 2 times daily i. m.
7. Take: Infusion of plantain leaves 20.0 – 200 ml
Give.
Sign: 1 tablespoonful by mouth 4 times daily
8. Take: Buckthorn bark
Nettle leaves of each 15.0
Peppermint leaves
Valerian root of each 5.0
Mix to make tea.
Give.
Sign: Prepare a decoction at 1 tablespoonful for a glass of boiling-hot
water, take 1/2 glass in the morning and prior to bedtime
9. Take: Decoction of marshmallow root 20.0 – 100 ml
Give.
Sign: For mouth rinsing
29
TEST. STANDARD PRESCRIPTION PHRASES
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “Mix to make an ointment”.

1. Misce, fiat species
2. Misce, fiat pulvis
3. Misce, fiant unguentum
4. Misce, fiat suppositorium
5. Misce, fiat emulsum
2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “Mix. Give. Sign”.

1. Recĭpe. Da. Signa.
2. Misce. Da. Signa.
3. Da. Misce. Signa.
4. Signa. Misce. Da.
5. Misce. Da. Sterilĭsa!
3. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “Give of such doses 20 in number”.

1. Da doses numĕro 20.
2. Da doses tales numĕro 20.
3. Da numĕro 20 tales doses.
4. Da tales doses numĕro 20.
5. Da numĕro 20.
4. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “Mix to make a powder. Give. Sign”.
1. Misce, fiat pulveris. Da. Signa.
2. Misce, fiat pulvis. Signetur.
3. Misce, fiant pulvis. Detur. Signetur.
4. Misce, fit pulvis. Da. Signa.
5. Misce, fiat pulves. Da. Signetur.
5. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “Give of such doses 50 in number in

ampoules”.
1. Da talis dosis N.50 in ampullo
2. Da tales doses N. 50 in ampullis
3. Da tales doses N.50 in ampullam
4. Da tales doses N. 50 ad ampullas
5. Da talis doses N. 50 in ampullis
6. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “in ampoules”.

1. in ampulles
2. pro ampullis
3. in ampullis
4. ad ampullis
5. per ampulles
30
7. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “for children”.
1. ad infantibus
2. per infantibus
3. cum infantibus
4. pro infantibus
5. in infantibus
8. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “in coated tablets”.

1. in tabulettas obductas
2. in tabulettam obductam
3. in obductis tabulettis
4. in obductam tabulettam
5. in tabulettis obductis
9. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “for injections”.

1. in injectionibus
2. pro injectionibus
3. ad injectionibus
4. pro injectione
5. ex injectionibus
10. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “daily dose”.

1. ad die
2. pro dosis
3. pro die
4. pro dosi
5. ad dosi
31
Tempus est optĭmus medĭcus.
Time is the best healer.
THEME 4
LATIN CHEMICAL TERMINOLOGY (1)
Latin names of chemical elements are, as a rule, nouns of the second declension and of the
neuter gender beginning always with a capital letter:
Aluminium, i n – aluminium
Ferrum, i n – iron
Zincum, i n – zinc
Nouns of two chemical elements are exception from this rule:
Phosphŏrus, i m – phosphorus
Sulfur, ŭris n – sulphur (in American English the spelling is sulfur)
Some elements have double names:
fluorine — Fluōrum, i n = Phthorum, i n
magnesium — Magnium, i n = Magnesium, i n
See the chemical element names of most common usage in the table below:
Ag Argentum, i n silver
Al Aluminium, i n aluminium
As Arsenĭcum, i n arsenic
Ba Barium, i n barium
Bi Bismŭthum, i n bismuth
Сa Calcĭum, i n calcium
C Carboneum, i n carbon
Cu Cuprum, i n copper
Fe Ferrum, i n iron
F Fluōrum, i n or Phthorum, i n fluorine
Hg Hydrargўrum, i n mercury
H Hydrogenĭum, i n hydrogen
I Iōdum, i n iodine
K Kalĭum, i n potassium
Li Lithium, i n lithium
Mg Magnesĭum, i n or Magnĭum, i n magnesium
Na Natrium, i n sodium
N Nitrogenium, i n nitrogen
O Oxygenĭum, i n oxygen
Pb Plumbum, i n lead
S Sulfur, ŭris n sulfur
Zn Zincum, i n zinc
LATIN NAMES OF ACIDS
The Latin names of acids consist of the noun Acĭdum, i n (acid), which is always capitalized, and
a One Group adjective, which agree with the noun. The names of acids are formed according to
tree models as follows:
32
English names of acids Latin names of acids
Acid suffix Example Acid suffix Example
-ic acid salicylic acid -icum Acidum salicylicum
-ous acid chlorous acid -osum Acidum chlorosum
hydro-…-ic acid hydrochloric acid hydro-…-icum Acidum hydrochloricum
1. Latin adjectives with the acid suffix -ĭc- ending in -um coincide with English adjectives
with the acid suffix -ic:
e.g.:
 arsenic acid – Acĭdum arsenicĭcum (Arsenĭcum, i n → arsenic + ĭc + um);
 sulfuric acid – Acĭdum sulfurĭcum (Sulfur, ŭris n → sulfur + ĭc + um);
 nitric acid – Acĭdum nitricum (Nitrogenium, i n → nitr + ĭc + um).
2. Latin adjectives with the acid suffix -ōs- ending in -um coincide with English adjectives
with the acid suffix -ous:
e.g.:  arsenous acid – Acĭdum arsenicōsum (Arsenĭcum, i n → arsenic + ōs + um);
 sulfurous acid – Acĭdum sulfurōsum (Sulfur, ŭris n → sulfur + ōs + um);
 nitrous acid – Acĭdum nitrōsum (Nitrogenĭum, i n → nitr + ōs + um).
3. Latin names of acids with the prefix hydro- ending in -ĭcum coincide with English names
of acids with the prefix hydro- and the acid suffix -ĭc:
e.g.:  hydrochloric acid – Acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum
 hydrosulfuric acid – Acĭdum hydrosulfurĭcum
LATIN NAMES OF OXIDES, PEROXIDES AND HYDROXIDES
Latin names of oxides, peroxides and hydroxides consist of two parts:

 a name of a chemical element in Genitive,
 a word oxўdum, i n (oxide), peroxўdum, i n (peroxide) or hydroxўdum, i n (hydroxide) in
Nominative:
e.g.:  zinc oxide – Zinci oxўdum
 hydrogen peroxide – Hydrogenĭi peroxўdum
 aluminium hydroxide – Aluminĭi hydroxўdum
The words oxўdum, peroxўdum, hydroxўdum in the names of oxides are never capitalized:
diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide – Solutĭo Hydrogenĭi peroxўdi dilūta.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Translate into Latin pharmaceutical terms as follows.
Tablets of nicotinic acid; tablets of lipoic acid; boric acid solution; zinc ointment; lead plaster;
tablets of acetylsalicylic acid for children; alcoholic solution of camphor and acetylsalicylic acid;
magnesium oxide; lead water; acetylsalicylic acid in tablets; hydrogen peroxide; solution of
hydrogen peroxide; zinc oxide; zinc paste; iodine alcoholic solution; hydrochloric acid; aluminium
hydroxide.
33
1. Recĭpe: Acĭdi ascorbinĭci 0,1

Da tales doses numĕro 20 in tabulettis
Signa: Take 2 tablets 2 times a day
2. Recĭpe: Zinci oxўdi 0,05
Sacchări 0,25
Misce, fiat pulvis
Da tales doses numĕro 50
Signa: Take 1 powder 3 times a day for 3 weeks
3. Recĭpe: Unguenti Acĭdi salicylĭci 10 % – 50,0
Da.
Signa: Apply to the affected skin
4. Recĭpe: Acĭdi borĭci 0,3
Spirĭtus aethylĭci 70% – 10 ml
Misce. Da.
Signa: 10 drops into the ear
5. Recĭpe: Resorcini 1,0
Pastae Zinci ad 10,0
Misce, fiat pasta
Da.
Signa: Apply to the wart area under the dressing for 1 day
6. Recĭpe: Acĭdi benzoici 0,6
Acĭdi salicylĭci 0,3
Vaselīni 10,0
Misce, fiat unguentum.
Da.
Signa. For smearing in case of callosity
7. Recĭpe: Acĭdi hydrochlorĭci dilūti 15 ml
Da.
Signa. 15-20 drops 2 times a day in time of eating.
1. Take: Benzoic acid 0.6

Salicylic acid 0.3
Vaseline up to 10.0
Mix to make ointment
Give. Sign: Apply to the affected skin areas
2. Take: Salicylic acid 5.0
Zinc oxide 25.0
Talcum powder 50.0
Mix to make powder
Give Sign: For intertrigo areas
Starch
34
Vaseline in equal amounts 50.0
Mix to make paste
4. Take: Folic acid 0.008
Ascorbic acid 0.1
Sign: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day
5. Take: Solution of hydrogen peroxide 50 ml
Give Sign: 1 tablespoonful for one glass of water. For mouth rinsing
6. Take: Alcoholic solution of hydrogen peroxide 1,5% – 50 ml
Give. Sign: 1 tablespoonful for one glass of water. For mouth rinsing
Boric acid 4.0
Glycerin up to 100.0
Give. Sign: For external use
8. Take: Zinc oxide 3.0
Starch up to 10.0
Mix to make powder
9. Take: Iodine spirituous solution 10% 15 ml
Give.
Sign. 2-5 drops 3 times a day.
10. Take: Boric acid 1.0
Salicylic acid 5.0
Zinc oxide 25.0
Talcum powder 50.0
Mix to make a powder.
Give. Sign. Powder for feet in case of disposition to sweating.
11. Take: Diluted hydrochloric acid 1 ml
Pepsin 2.0
Distilled water 100 ml
Mix. Give. Sign. 10 drops before eating.
12. Take: Solution of benzoic acid 0.6
Salicylic acid 0.3
Vaseline 10.0
Mix. Give. Sign. Ointment.
1) What declension are the Latin names of chemical elements? Name the exceptions.
2) What is the structure of the Latin names of acids?
3) What Latin acid suffix does the English acid suffix –ic coincide with?
4) What Latin acid suffix does the English acid suffix –ous coincide with?
5) How are formed the names of oxides, peroxides and hydroxides? Give examples.
35
VOCABULARY
Names of some acids
1. Acĭdum acetylsalicylĭcum – acetylsalicylic acid
2. Acĭdum ascorbinĭcum – ascorbic acid
3. Acĭdum benzoĭcum – benzoic acid
4. Acĭdum borĭcum – boric acid
5. Acĭdum citrĭcum – citric acid
6. Acĭdum folĭcum – folic acid
7. Acĭdum glutaminĭcum – glutaminic acid
8. Acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum – hydrochloric acid
9. Acĭdum lipoĭcum – lipoic acid
10. Acĭdum nicotinĭcum – nicotinic acid
11. Acĭdum salicylĭcum – salicylic acid
12. Amўlum, i n – starch
13. Benzonalum, i n – benzonal
14. Glycerīnum, i n – glycerin
15. Iodoformium, i n – iodoform
16. Pepsinum, i n – pepsin
17. Resorcinum, i n – resorcin
18. Sacchărum, i n – sugar
19. Talcum, i n – talcum powder
20. Testosterōnum, i n – testosterone
21. Vaselinum, i n – vaseline
Other words
22. albus, a, um – white
23. dilūtus, a, um – diluted, dissolved
24. hydroxўdum, i n – hydroxide
25. oxўdum, i n – oxide
26. peroxўdum, i n – peroxide
27. depurātus, a, um – purified (for sulphur, powder)
28. yellow – flavus, a, um
1. Recĭpe: Benzonali 0,1

Signa: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day after meals
2. Recĭpe: Unguenti Hydrargўri oxўdi flavi 1% – 10,0
Da.
Signa: Apply to lid edges 3 times a day
3. Recĭpe: Acĭdi hydrochlorĭci 20,0
Da.
Signa: 20 drops for½ glass of water
36
4. Recĭpe: Iodoformii 2,5
Vaselini ad 25,0
Misce, fiat unguentum
Da.
Signa: Apply to the affected skin areas
5. Recĭpe: Unguenti Acĭdi borĭci 5% – 25,0
Da.
Signa: Apply under the lid prior bedtime
6. Recĭpe: Magnesii peroxydi 0,25
Da tales doses numĕro 12.
Signa. 1 powder 3 times a day.
7. Recĭpe: Aquae Plumbi 200 ml
Da.
Signa: For bath in haemorrhoids
8. Recĭpe: Infusi florum Chamomillae 20,0 : 400 ml
Acĭdi borĭci 8,0
Glycerīni 20,0
Misce. Da
Signa: For mouth rinsing 5 times a day
9. Recĭpe: Unguenti Hydrargўri albi 40,0
Da.
Signa: Apply to the affected skin area

Ethylic alcohol 70% 50 ml
Give.
Sign: For skin smearing.
2. Take: Benzoic acid 0.2
Give of such doses 20 in number
Sign: Take 1 powder 4 times daily
3. Take: Magnesium oxide 0.5
Sign: Take 1 powder one hour after meals
4. Take: Sulphur purified 0.01
Sugar 0,2
Mix to make a powder.
Give such doses in number 30.
Sign: 1 powder 3 times a day.
5. Take: Yellow mercury oxide 0.03
Vaseline 10.0
Mix to make an ointment.
Give.
Sign: For eyelids smearing.
37
6. Take: Zinc oxide
Talcum powder each of 20.0
Glycerin 30.0
Lead water 30 ml
Mix. Give
Sign: Shake before use and apply with a cotton pellet to the affected
skin areas 2 times a day
7. Take: Oil solution of camphor for external use 10 % – 10 ml
Give.
Sign: For rubbing
8. Take: Resorcin 0.5
Salicylic acid 1.0
Vaseline up to 50.0
Give.
Sign: Apply to the affected skin area
38
Sine prece, sine pretio, sine pocŭlo.
Honesty is the best policy.
THEME 5
LATIN CHEMICAL TERMINOLOGY (2)
LATIN NAMES OF SALTS
Name of salt = Cation + Anion

in Gen. Sg in Nom. Sg
 Epinephrini hydrochlorĭdum - epinephrine hydrochloride
 Natrĭi nitris - sodium nitrite
The names of cations in the Latin language are always capitalized, and the names of anions are
never capitalized (e.g., Solutĭo Natrĭi tetraborātis glycerinōsa). Common salt-forming cations
include the names of chemical elements (calcium, irin, magnesium, potassium, sodium) and some
pharmaceutical substances.
The Latin and English names of anions
The Latin names of anions are formed with suffixes -as, -is, -ĭd(um). The Latin suffixes of anions
in Nominative and Genitive and their English equivalents are in the table:
English names of anions Latin names of anions

endings Examples Nom./Gen. Examples
endings
-ate aluminium nitrate N. Sg. -as Aluminii nitras
G. Sg. -ātis Aluminii nitrātis
-ite aluminium nitrite N. Sg. -is Aluminii nitris
G. Sg. -ītis Aluminii nitrītis
-ide sodium chloride N. Sg. -ĭdum Natrii chlorĭdum
G. Sg. -ĭdi Natrii chlorĭdi
Explanation:
 The names of anions with suffixes -as, -is are in the Latin language the third-declension
nouns. The Genitive form of anions with suffixes -as, -is is formed similarly to other third-
declension nouns with the same endings:
e.g.: • citrate – citras, ātis m
• phosphate– phosphas, ātis m
• nitrite – nitris, itis m
 The names of anions with the suffixe -ĭd- are neuter second-declension nouns:
e.g.: • chloride– chlorĭdum, i n
• bromide – bromĭdum, i n.
Common salt-forming anions (see Vocabulary):
Basic salts: basic salts are salts that are the product of the neutralization of a strong base and a
weak acid. The English names of basic salts include the word «basic», which coincides with the
Latin prefix «sub-». e.g.: basic bismuth nitrate - Bismŭthi subnitras (Bismŭthi subnitrātis)
39
TWO-COMPONENT NAMES OF SALTS WITH –NATRIUM
The Latin two-component names of salts with -natrium as a second component are written
with a hyphen, -natrium is not capitalized, these names have the fixed word order, and the both
parts are in the same grammatical case: e.g.: sulfacyl-sodium
 Nominative: Sulfacylum-natrium
 Genitive: Sulfacyli-natrii
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Translate the terms into Latin as follows:
1. Copper citrate – onitment of copper citrate 2. Codein phosphate – tablets of codein phosphate 3.
Potassium iodide – ointment of potassium iodide 4. Morphin hydrochloride – tablets of morphin
hydrochloride 5. Silver nitrite – ointment of silver nitrite 6. Sodium chloride – isotonic solution of
sodium chloride 7. Calcium carbonate – precipitated calcium carbonate
Exercise 2. Translate into Latin pharmaceutical terms as follows:
Tablets of potassium orotate for children, tetracycline ointment, sodium chloride isotonic solution,
atropine sulphate solution, benzylpenicillin-sodium, yellow mercury oxide, silver nitrate, copper
sulphate, hydrogen peroxide solution, powder of codeine phosphate, magnesium sulphate solution,
morphine hydrochloride solution, phenobarbital-sodium, tablets of tetracycline, sodium
hydrocarbonate, powder of aluminium hydroxide, apomorphine in ampules.

1. Recĭpe: Infusi radīcis Valerianae 6,0 : 200 ml
Natrii bromĭdi 6,0
Codeini phosphātis 0,2
Misce. Da.
Signa: 1 tablespoonful 3 times a day
2. Recĭpe: Vinylini 5,0
Argenti nitrātis 0,5
Vaselini ad 50,0
Da.
Signa: Apply with a stick on ulcerative surface under the dressing
3. Recĭpe: Tincturae Valerianae
Tincturae Convallariae ana 10 ml
Aethylmorphini hydrochlorĭdi 0,2
Natrii bromĭdi 3,0
Misce. Da
Signa: Take 25 drops 3 times daily
4. Recĭpe: Iodi 0,5
Kalii iodĭdi 5,0
Vaselini ad 50,0
40
Da.
Signa: Apply to the affected skin area daily
5. Recĭpe: Unguenti Neomycini sulfātis 0,5% – 10,0
Da.
Signa: Apply with a glass stick under the lower lid 3 times daily
6. Recĭpe: Natrii hydrocarbonātis
Natrii tetraborātis
Natrii chlorĭdi ana 15,0
Misce, fiat pulvis
Da.
Signa: 1 tablespoonful for 1 glass of water for mouth rinsing
7. Recĭpe: Streptomycini sulfātis 0,5
Solutiōnis Natrii chlorĭdi isotonĭcae ad 100 ml
Misce. Da.
Signa: For nasal rinsing in case of atrophic nasal mucosa
8. Recĭpe: Solutiōnis Tetracaini hydroсhlorĭdi 0,1% – 10 ml
Zinci sulfātis 0,025
Acĭdi borĭci 0,2
Solutionis Epinephrini hydroсhlorĭdi 0,1% – guttas X
Misce. Da
Signa: 2 drops into the eye 3 times a day
9. Recĭpe: Camphŏrae 0,1
Sacchări lactātis 0,3
Misce, fiat pulvis
Da tales doses numero 10
Signa: Take 1 power 3 times a day
10. Recĭpe: Natrii tetraborātis 25,0
Lanolini 100,0
Da.
Signa: Insert with a cotton pellet into vagina

1. Take: Phenoxymethylpenicillin 100,000 UA
2. Take: Barbamyl 0.3
Mix. Give
Sign: For small enema
3. Take: Atropine sulphate 0.0003
Papaverine hydrochloride 0.02
Sugar 0.2
Mix to make powder
41
Sign: Take 1 powder 2 times a day
4. Take: Sodium sulphate 100.0
Give.
Sign: Take 1 tablespoonful on an empty stomach with 2 glasses of water
5. Take: Sulfacyl-sodium 1.0
Lanolin
Vaseline of each 5.0
Give
Sign: Apply under the lid 3 times a day
6. Take: Sodium bromide 6.0
Codeine phosphate 0.12
Give.
Sign: 1 powder 3 times a day
7. Take: Iodine 0.1
Potassium iodide 0.2
Peppermint oil drops II
Glycerin up to10.0
Give.
Sign: Apply to mucous coat of pharynx once a day within 10 days
8. Take: Novocaine solution 2% 50 ml
Adrenaline hydrochloride 1:1000 drops XX
Sterilize. Give.
Sign: For anesthesia.
9. Take: Sulfacyl-sodium 30 % 50,0
Give.
Sign: To treat a mouth mucous tunic.
10. Take: Oxacilline-sodium 0.5
Give suche doses number 60 in gelatinous capsule.
Sign: 1 capsule four times a day.
1. What is the structure of English names of salts?

2. What is the structure of Latin names of salts?
3. What words in the Latin names of salts are capitalized and not capitalized?
4. Name English suffixes which form the names of anions. Name their Latin equivalents.
5. What are the common salt-forming anions?
6. How are the Latin names of basic salts formed?
7. How are the Latin two-component names of salts with -natrium as a second component written?
VOCABULARY
1. Adrenalīnum, i n – adrenaline
42
2. Apomorphīnum, i n – apomorphine
3. Aethylmorphīnum, i n – ethylmorphine
4. Atropīnum, i n – atropine
5. Barbamylum, i n – barbamyl
6. Codeīnum, i n – codeine
7. Ephedrīnum, i n – ephedrine
8. Lanolīnum, i n – lanolin
9. Morphīnum, i n – morphin
10. Neomycīnum, i n – neomycin
11. Novocaīnum, i n – novocain
12. Oxacillīnum-natrium, i n – oxacillin-sodium
13. Papaverīnum, i n – papaverine
14. Phenoxymethylpenicillīnum, i n – phenoxymethylpenicillin
15. Sulfacylum-natrium, i n – sulfacyl-sodium
16. Streptomycinum, i n – streptomycin
17. Tetracaīnum, i n – tetracaine
18. Tetracyclīnum, i n – tetracycline
19. Vinylīnum, i n – vinyline
Names of salt anions
20. bromĭdum, i n – bromide
21. carbonas, atis m – carbonate
22. chlorĭdum, i n – chloride
23. citras, ātis m – citrate
24. hydrocarbonas, ātis m – hydrocarbonate
25. hydrochlorĭdum, i n – hydrochloride
26. iodĭdum, i n – iodide
27. lactas, ātis m – lactate
28. nitris, ĭtis m – nitrite
29. orotas, ātis m – orotate
30. phosphas, ātis m – phosphate
31. sulfas, ātis m – sulphate
32. tetraboras, ātis m – tetraborate
Exercise 1. Translate into Latin names of salts as follows.
Streptomycin sulfate, thiamine bromide, magnesium oxide, calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide,
apomorphine hydrochloride, calcium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, desoxycorticosterone acetate.
atropine sulfate, epinephrine hydrochloride, thiopental-sodium, doxycycline hydrochloride,
ethylmorphine hydrochloride, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide liniment, magnesium peroxide ointment,
aluminium hydroxide powder; sulphapyridazine-sodium solution.

1. Take: Papaverine hydrochloride 0.02
Phenobarbital 0.01
43
Sugar 0.3
Mix to make powder
2. Take: Codeine 0.015
Sodium hydrocarbonate 0.25
3. Take: Ephedrine hydrochloride 0.025
Sugar 0.3
Mix to make powder
4. Take: Acetylsalicylic acid
Phenacetin of each 0.25
Caffeine 0.05
Sign: Take 1 tablet for heafache
5. Take: Liniment of methyl salicylate 50.0
Give. Sign: Rub in depigmentation areas twice a day
6. Take: Magnesium basic carbonate
Sodium hydrocarbonate of each 0.5
Phenyl salicylate 0.3
Vaseline up to 10.0
Mix. Give. Sign: Apply to nasal mucosa 3 times a day
8. Take: Calcium gluconate solution 10% 10ml
Give of such doses 15 in number in ampoules.
Sign: 5-10 ml intramuscularly.
9. Take: Sulfur purified 0.3
Peach oil 30 ml
Mix. Give. Sign: for intramuscular injections in case of palsy.
10. Take: Lily-of-the-valley tincture
Valerian tincture each of 10 ml
Sodium bromide 3.0
Mix. Give. Sign: 25 drops 3 times a day.

1. Recĭpe: Unguenti Lincomycini 1% – 15,0
Da.
Signa: Apply a dressing on the skin
44
2. Recĭpe: Acĭdi salicylĭci
Bismuthi subnitrātis ana 1,0
Hydrargўri albi 2,0
Mentholi 0,1
Zinci oxўdi 5,0
Vaselini ad 15,0
Misce, fiat pasta
Da.
Signa: Apply to anal fissures
3. Recĭpe: Dimedrōli 0,01
Ephedrīni hydrochlorĭdi 0,1
Olei Persicōrum 10 ml
Olei Menthae guttas III
Misce. Da.
Signa. Drops for nose; 1-2 drops a day.
4. Recĭpe: Olei Terebinthīnae
Chloroformii ana 15 ml
Methylii salicylātis 10 ml
Misce, fiat linimentum.
Da.
Signa: To rub in joints.
5. Recĭpe: Natrii benzoātis 0,6
Liquōris Ammonii anisāti 1 ml
Sirŭpi Althaeae 25 ml
Aquae destillātae ad 60
Misce. Da.
Signa: 1-2 spoon in 2-3 hours.
6. Recĭpe: Mentholi 0,2
Bismuthi subnitrātis 0,6
Antipyrini 0,5
Solutiōnis Adrenalini hydrochlorĭdi 0,1% – guttas XV
Vaselini
Lanolini ana 10,0
Da.
Signa: Apply to the nasal mucosa 3 times daily in case of
exacerbation of chronic rhinitis after operations in the nasal
cavity
TEST. PHARMACOPOEIAL CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE
1. WHICH GENDER AND DECLENSION DO MOST LATIN NAMES OF CHEMICAL

ELEMENTS HAVE?
1. masculine; II
2. neuter; II
45
3. neuter; III
4. masculine; III
2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “nitrous acid”.

1. Acidum sulfuriсum
2. Acidum arsenicosum
3. Acidum nitricum
4. Acidum nitrosum
3. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “hydrosulfuric acid”.

1. Acĭdum hydrosulfurosum
2. Acĭdum hydrosulfurĭcum
3. Acĭdum hydrosulfurĭci
4. Acĭdi hydrosulfurĭcum
4. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “hydrogen peroxide”.

1. Hydrogenĭum peroxўdum
2. Hydrogenĭi peroxўdi
3. Hydrogenĭi peroxўdum
4. Hydrogenĭi peroxўdii
5. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “potassium iodide”.

1. Kalii iodidum
2. Kalii iodidi
3. Kalii iodatum
4. Kalium iodidis
6. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “codein phosphate”.

1. Phosphatis codeini
2. Codeini phosphatis
3. Codeinum phosphatis
4. Codeini phosphati
7. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “tablets of morphin hydrochloride”.

1. Tabulettae Morphinum hydrochloridi
2. Tabuletta Morphini hydrochloridi
3. Tabulettae Morphini hydrochloridum
4. Tabulettae Morphini hydrochloridi
8. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “neomycin suphate ointment”.

1. Unguenti Neomycini sulfās
2. Unguenti Neomycinum sulfātis
3. Unguentum Neomycini sulfātis
4. Unguenta Neomycini sulfātis
46
9. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “tetracain hydroсhloride solution”.
1. Tetracaini hydroсhlorĭdi Solutiōnis
2. Solutiō Tetracaini hydroсhlorĭdi
3. Solutiōnis hydroсhlorĭdi Tetracaini
4. Solutiōnis Tetracaini hydroсhlorĭdi
10. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRANSLATION FOR “sulphapyridazine-sodium solution”.

1. Sulfapyridazinum-natrium solutio
2. Solutio Natrium-sulfapyridazinum
3. Solutionis Sulfapyridazini-natrium
4. Solutio Sulfapyridazini-natrii
47
Plenus venter non studet libenter.
A full stomach is deaf to learning.
THEME 6
PARTICULAR CASES OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING

THE USE OF THE ACCUSATUVE OF SOME PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS IN THE
FIRST LINE OF A MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION
The Accusative of some pharmaceutical forms is used only in a simple medical prescription. This
is the way of prescribing tablets, drops, suppositories, ophthalmic films. The name of these
pharmaceutical forms is written in the Accusative singular or plural. The Latin drug name in the
Nominative form is sometimes enclosed in inverted commas or quotation marks, which are
omitted in the English text, where in this case the common construction with preposition of is
used. The amount of the prescribed drug is hereby not indicated in grams or in milliliters but is
expressed by the word – numĕrus (number) in the Ablative form (numĕro) and a common figure.
In the second line the standard verb forms are written:
TABLETS – TABULETTAE
 The tablet is the most popular drug form in use today. About two-thirds of all prescriptions are
dispensed as solid drug forms, and half of these are compressed tablets. A tablet is usually taken
orally, but can be administered sublingually, buccally, rectally or intravaginally.
 As stated above after Recĭpe the Accusative plural form Tabulettas and seldom the
Accusative singular form Tabulettam is used.
 There are two prescription writing forms for tablets:
1. The most common model: after Recĭpe the name of a pharmaceutical drug with its quantity
is indicated followed by the phrase “Da tales doses numĕro… in tabulettis” (“Give of such doses
… in number in tablets”).
Recĭpe: Paracetamōli 0,3
Signa: Take 1 tablet by oral route
2. The second model begins with “Tabulettas” (or “Tabulettam”) after Recĭpe followed by the
name of a pharmaceutical drug with its quantity.
Recĭpe: Tabulettas Paracetamōli 0,3 numĕro 6
Signa: Take 1 tablet by mouth as needed for
headache
Examples: Тablets
Recĭpe: Tabulettam Paracetamōli 0,3
Da tales doses numӗro 6
Da. Signa: Take 1 tablet by mouth for headache
Recĭpe: Tabulettas stomachĭcas cum extracto Belladonnae numěro 10
Da. Signa: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day
It will be recalled that some Latin brand names of pharmaceutical drugs are placed in Nominative
and in quotes after the drug form name:
48
Recĭpe: Tabulettas "Theophedrīnum" numěro 10
Da. Signa: Take 1 tablet 2 times per day
SUPPOSITORIES – SUPPOSITORIA
 As stated above after Recĭpe the Accusative plural form Suppositoria and seldom the
Accusative singular form Suppositorium is used.
 There are rectal suppositories – Suppositoria rectālia and vaginal suppositories –
Suppositoria vaginālia.
Examples of prescribing suppositories:

Recipe: Suppositoria cum Ichthyōlo 0,2 numěro 10
Signa: Insert 1 suppository in rectum in the morning and at night
Recipe: Morphini hydrochlоrĭdi 0,01

Olei Cacao quantum satis
Ut fiat suppositorium rectāle
Signa: Insert 1 suppository in rectum to relieve pain
PREPOSITION CUM IN PRESCRIPTIONS
The most common preposition used in prescriptions is the preposition cum (with). You should
memorize the noun endings after cum:
 Singular Second Declension Nouns end in -о

(cum Ichthyōlo, cum Oxytetracyclīno)
 Singular Third Declension Nouns end in -е
(cum Neomycīni sulfāte, cum Atropīni sulfāte)
DROPS – DRAGEES
Drops (as the equivalent in Latin pharmaceutical terminology the French word – “dragees” is
used) are now prescribed mainly in the plural form. From the grammar point of view, the word
“dragees” has no case and dictionary form. The prescription regulations for drops are the
following. After the Recĭpe follow the form Dragees, the drug names in inverted commas
(quotation marks) or in the Genitive form and the Ablative case numero with a figure indicating
the dose:
Recĭpe: Dragees “Undevitum” numero 3 Take: Drops of undevit number 30
Da. Signa: Give. Sign:
One should add that sometimes, another order of drops prescription is used. In this case, after
Recĭpe the singular form Dragee is written with the drug name in the Genitive and a figure
indicating the dose. In the second line follows the phrase Da (Dentur tales doses) numero…:
Recĭpe: Dragées Diazolīni 0,05 Take: Dragées of diazolin 0.05

Da tales doses numĕro 20 Give such a dose in the amount 20
49
Signa: Take 1 pill two times a day Sign:
EXERCISES

“Furazolidone” tablets; alcoholic menthol solution for external use; ephedrine in tablets;
«Anaesthesol» suppositories; «Baralgin» tablet; euphylline solution in ampules; finest powder;
vaginal suppositories; camphor oil(y) solution for injections; stomachic tablets with belladonna
extract; «Allochol» tablets for children; liniment of soluble streptocid; ophthalmic films with
florenal; tablets of valerian extract; sedative tea; distilled water; «Anusol» suppositories;
suppositories with glycerin; anaesthesin oil(y) solution.
Exercise 2. Translate prescriptions into English:

1. Recĭpe: Tabulettas “Pentalgīnum” numĕro 10
Da.
Signa: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day
2. Recĭpe: Tabulettas Thyreoidīni 0,1 numĕro 50
Da.
Signa: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day
3. Recĭpe: Tabulettas Furacilīni 0.02 ad usum externum numӗro 10
Da.
Signa:
4. Recĭpe: Tabulettas Aloёs obductas 0,05 numĕro 20
Da.
Signa:
5. Recĭpe: Suppositoria cum extracto Belladonnae 0.015 numӗro 10
Da.
Signa:
6. Recĭpe: Suppositoria cum Diprophyllīno 0,5 numĕro 30
Da.
Signa:
7. Recĭpe: Dragees “Undevitum” numӗro 3
Da. Signa:
8. Recĭpe: Dragees Diazolini 0,05
Da tales doses numӗro 20
Signa:
Exercise 3. Translate prescriptions into Latin:

1. Take: Furazolidone tablets 0.1 in the amount of 20
Give. Sign:
2. Take: Tablets of lipoic acid 0.25 in the amount of 50
Give. Sign:
3. Take: «Anusol» suppositories 6 in number
Give. Sign: Insert 1 suppository in rectum prior to bedtime
4. Take: Suppositories with Euphylline 0.3
50
Sign: Insert 1 suppository in rectum 2 times a day
5. Take: Tablet of Digoxin 0.00025
6. Take: Tablets of Digitoxin 0.0001 10 in number
Give. Sign: Take 1 tablet 3 times daily
7. Take: Suppositories with Glycerin 10 in number
Give. Sign: Insert 1 suppository in rectum once per day after breakfast
8. Take: Rectal suppository with Theophyllīne 0.2
Sign: Insert 1 suppository 2 times per day
9. Take: Stomachic tablets with belladonna extract 20 in number
Give. Sign: Take 1 tablet 3 times a day after meals
10. Take: Dragees of ascorbic acid 0.05 in the amount of 50
Give. Sign:
11. Take: Coated tablets of oleandomycine phosphate 0.125 in the amount of 25
Give. Sign:
12. Take: Coated tablets of allochol for children number 25
Give. Sign:
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTION
1) What pharmaceutical dosage forms are prescribed in Accusative?
2) What is the form of “tabuletta” after “Recĭpe” in Accusative singular and Accusative plural?
3) What is the form of “suppositorium” after “Recĭpe” in Accusative singular and Accusative
plural?
4) In what form is prescribed the pharmaceutical drug form “membranǔla ophthalmĭca” after
“Recĭpe”?
5) What endings do the names of pharmaceutical drugs after the preposition cum have?
6) What are the Genitive singular forms of unguentum, linimentum, pasta, pulvis?
7) Name all known names of herbal plant mixtures.
8) Translate into Russian: in tabulettis, in charta cerāta.
VOCABULARY
1. Allochōlum, i n – allochol
2. Anaesthesīnum, i n – anaesthesin
3. Anaesthesōlum, i n – anaesthesol
4. Anusōlum, i n – anusol
5. Baralgīnum, i n – baralgin
6. Digitoxīnum, i n – digitoxin
7. Digoxīnum, i n – digoxin
8. Ephedrīnum, i n – ephedrine
9. Euphyllīnum, i n – euphylline
51
10. Florenalum, i n – florenal
11. Furazolidōnum, i, n – furazolidone
12. Glycerīnum, i n – glycerin
13. Liquor Ammonii anisātus – anise liquid ammonia
14. Methylii salicylas (ātis, m) – methyl salicylate
15. Methyloestradiōlum, i n – methyloestradiol
16. Oleandomycīnum, i, n – oleandomycine
17. Paracetamōlum, i n – paracetamol
18. Phenylii salicylas (ātis m) – phenyl salicylate
19. Streptocīdum, i n – streptocide
20. Theophyllīnum, i n – theophylline
Other words
21. praecipitātus, a, um – precipitated
22. subtilissĭmus, a, um – finest
23. solubĭlis, e – soluble
Exercise 1. Translate prescriptions into English:

1. Recĭpe: Pulvĕris foliōrum Digitalis 0,1
Olei Cacao 2,5
Misce, fiat suppositorium rectāle
Signa: Insert 1 suppository in rectum 3 times daily
2. Recĭpe: Monomycīni 0,25
Da tales doses numĕro 50 in tabulettis.
Signa. 1 tablet 3 times a day.
3. Recĭpe: Tabulettas “Tetravitum” numĕro 50
Da.
Signa: Take 1 tablet per day after meals
4. Recĭpe: Tabulettas Furacilīni 0.02
Signa.
5. Recĭpe: Suppositoria «Anusolum» numĕro 10
Da.
Signa: Insert 1 suppository in rectum 3 times a day
6. Recĭpe: Tabulettas Magnesii oxydi 0,5 numĕro 20
Da.
Signa.
Exercise 1. Translate prescriptions into Latin:

1. Take: Paracetamol 0.3
Caffeine 0.03
Codeine 0.08
52
Sign: Take 1 tablet by oral route 2 times daily
2. Take: Finest streptocid 20.0
Codeine 0.08
Sign: Take 1 tablet for headache
3. Take: Arsenic acid covered tablets number 12
Give. Sign. 1 tablet 3 times a day.
4. Take: Anaestesin 2.5
Cocoa oil in sufficient amount
to make a rectal suppository
Give of such a dose number 50 in tablets
Sign:
5. Take: Suppositories with paracetamol 0.25
Sign: Insert 1 suppository in rectum to 4 times daily
6. Take: Methylestradiol tablets 0.0002 in the amount of 10
Give.
Sign:
53
Medĭcus amīcus et servus aegrotōrum est.
Doctor is a friend and a slave of a patient.
THEME 7
ABBREVIATIONS IN PRESCRIPTIONS
Abbreviations in prescriptions are not allowed to be performed at random. They are regulated by
special documents which are sent by the Ministry of Health to all hospitals and pharmacies to
enable some common approach.
In prescriptions they usually make abbreviations for:

1. names of drug forms;
2. names of parts of plants;
3. standard prescription formulations: directions to a pharmacist.
They forbid making abbreviations of plant names and of names of drugs to prevent
confusion and wrong interpretation of drug names.
There are some rules for making abbreviations, they are:
1 - universally accepted abbreviations may be represented by the first syllable or the initial part of
the word with the dot at the end:
e.g.: ac., acid. – acidum (acid)
2 - they may include the initial letter of the word (the initial abbreviation):
e.g.: M. - Misce (Mix)
3 - if the abbreviation includes a syllable containing several consonants, all of them are taken into
it:
e.g.: extr. - extractum (extract)
4 - sometimes they take the framework of a word to make an abbreviation:
e. g.: tct. – tinctura; dct. – decoctum; aa - ana
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL LANGUAGE
Abbreviation Latin English meaning
Rp.: Recipe: Take:

aa ana in equal amounts
ac., acid. acidum acid
aq. purif. aqua purificata purified water
ad up to
amp. , in amp. in ampullis in ampules
D. Da. Detur. Dentur Give. Let it be given.
D. t. d. Da tales doses Give such doses
Dentur tales doses Let such doses be given
dec., dct. decoctum decoction
emuls. emulsum emulsion
extr. extractum extract
54
fl. flores; florum flowers; of flowers
fol. folia; foliorum leaves; of leaves
fr. fructus; fructuum fruit; of fruit
hb.; h. herba herb
in caps. in capsulis in capsules
inf. infusum infusion
in tab. in tabulettis in tablets
lin. linimentum liniment
M. Misce. Misceatur. Mix! Let it be mixed
M., f… Misce, fiat (fiant)… Mix, to make …
N. numero number
ol. oleum oil
pulv. pulvis powder
q.s. quantum satis as much as required
r., rad. radices; radicum roots; of roots
S. Signa: Signetur: Sign: Let it be signed
sem. semina; seminum seeds; of seeds
sir. sirupus; sirupi syrup; of syrup
sol. solutio solution
sp. species; specierum tea; of the tea
spir. spiritus alcohol
Steril! Sterilisa! Sterilisetur! Sterilize!
Let it be sterilized
supp. suppositorium (Nom.= Acc.); suppository;
suppositoria (Nom.= Acc.) suppositories
susp. suspensio suspension
tab. tabulettam (Acc.); tablet
tabulettas (Acc.) tablets
t-ra, tct., tinct. tinctura tincture
ung. unguentum ointment
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Write in the complete form:
Ol., hb., fol., inf., aa., tct., gtt., gtts., tab., N., sol., M.D.S., D.t.d.N., M.f.ung., M.f. pulv., Da in
caps. gelat., steril.
Exercise 2. Write prescriptions without abbreviations, translate into English:

1. Rp.: Theophyllīni 0,2
Ol. Cacao 2,0
M., f. supp.
D.t.d. N. 10.
S. 1 suppository a night.
2. Rp.: Sol. Camphŏrae oleos. 20% 1,0
D.t.d. N. 20 in amp.
55
S. 1-2 ml under the skin.
3. Rp.: Ung. Hydrocortisōni 0,5%-5,0
D.
S. Ophthalmic ointment.
4. Rp.: Fol. Menthae 100,0
D.
S. 1 spoon into pour boiling water (1 glass).
5. Rp.: Extr. Belladonnae 5,0
T-rae Valeriānae
T-rae Convallariae aa 10 ml
Menthōli 0,1
M. D. S. 25 drops 3 times a day in case of bradycardia.
6. Rp.: Supp. cum Ichthyōlo 0,2 N.10
D.
S. 1 suppository in rectum 1-2 times a day.
7. Rp.: Phenacetini 0,25
D. t. d. N.10 in tab.
S.:
8. Rp.: Mentholi 0,01
Paracetamoli 0,3
M., f. pulv.
D. t. d. N.10
S.:
9. Rp.: Extr. Belladonnae 0,1
Dimedroli 0,02
Euphyllini 0,2
M., f. pulv.
D. t. d. N.10
S.:
10. Rp.: Natrii tetraborātis 2,0
Chinīni hydrochlorĭdi 1,5
Glycerīni 30,0
M.D.
S. for tampons.
11. Rp.: Natrii bromīdi 10,0
Barbitāli-natrii 3,0
Calcii lactātis 6,0
Codeīni phosphātis 0,2
Aq. dest. 200 ml
M.D.
S. 1 spoon for night.
12. Rp.: Thiamīni bromīdi 0,01
Ac. ascorbinĭci 0,1
Sacchări 0,3
M.f. pulv.
56
D.t.d. N. 60
S. 1 powder 3 times a day.
13. Rp.: Bismŭthi subnitrātis 0,25
Extr. Belladonnae 0,015
D.t.d. N. 10 in tab.
S. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.
14. Rp.: Menthōli 0,1
Phenylii salicylātis 0,3
Ol. Vaselīni 10 ml
M.D.
S. Drops for nose.
15. Rp.: Tab. Oleandomycīni phosphātis 0,125 obd. N. 25
D.
S. 1 tablet 4 times a day.
16. Rp.: Tab. Thyreoidini 0.1 obductas N. 50
D.
S.:
17. Rp.: Theophyllini 0,25
Dimedroli 0,025
D. t. d. N. 10 in tab.
S.:
18. Rp.: Extr Belladonnae spissi 0,5
D. t. d. N. 12 in caps. gel.
S.:
19. Rp.: Ol. Ricini 1,0
D. t. d. N. 15 in caps. gel.
S.:
20. Rp.: Furacilini 0,2
Aq. purif. 1000 ml
M. D.
S.:
21. Rp.: Sol. Camphŏrae oleos. 20% 1,0
D.t.d. N. 20 in amp.
S. 1-2 ml under the skin.
22. Rp.: Fl. Chamomillae
Hb. Millefolii
Fol. Menthae piper. aa 50.0
M. f. sp.
D.
S.:1 spoon for a boiling water glass.
23. Rp.: Supp. cum Ichthyōlo 0,2 N.10
D.
S. 1 suppository in rectum 1-2 times a day.
24. Rp.: Hb. Adonĭdis vernālis 2,0
Rhiz. cum r. Valeriānae 1,5
57
M. f. sp.
D.S.: 1 packet for a boiling water glass. 1 spoon 3 times a day.
25. Rp.: Tab. extr. Valeriānae 0,02 N 50
D.
S.: 2 tablets 3 times daily
26. Rp.: Fol. Menthae 100,0
D.
S. 1 spoon into pour boiling water (1 glass).
27. Rp.: Inf. r. Valeriānae 6,0-180 ml
Sir. simpl. ad 200,0
М. D.
S: 1 spoon 3 times a day.
28. Rp.: Pulv. fol. Digitālis 0,1
Ol. Cacāo 2,5
M. f. supp. rect.
D.t.d. N. 12.
S.: 1 suppository in rectum 2-3 times daily.
29. Rp.: Inf. hb. Adonĭdis vernālis 6,0-180 ml
Sol. Kalii acetātis 30 ml
M. D.
S.: 1 spoon 3 times a day.
Exercise 3. Make abbreviations in Latin prescriptions and render them into English:
1. Recĭpe: Solutionis Glucosi 10% 10 ml
Sterilisa!
Da tales doses numero 10
Signa:
2. Recĭpe: Solutionis Progesteroni oleosae 1% 1 ml
Da tales doses numero 10 in ampullis
Signa:
3. Recĭpe: Anaesthesini 0,05
Thymoli 0,1
Olei Menthae guttas X
Olei Persicorum 20,0
Misce. Da.
Signa:
4. Recĭpe: Tabulettas olei Menthae numero 20
Da.
Signa:
5. Recĭpe: Tetracyclini hydrochloride 0,1
Olei pro injectionibus ad 100 ml
Misce, fiat suspensio
Da.
Signa: 15 drops 3 times a day.
6. Recĭpe: Codeini phosphatis 0,2
58
Aquae Menthae piperitae ad 10 ml
Misce, fiat solutio.
Da in vitro nigro.
Signa:
7. Recĭpe: Euphyllini 0,3
Olei Cacao 3,0
Misce, fiat suppositorium rectale
Da tales doses numero 10.
Signa:
Exercise 5. Make up Latin prescriptions in their full and abbreviated forms:

1. Take: 200 ml of infusion of chamomile flowers
Give. Sign.
2. Take: 200 ml of infusion of mint leaves
Give. Sign.
3. Take: Coated Tetracycline 0.25 tablets 2 in number
Give.
Sign.
4. Take: Phenoxymethylpenicillin 0.25 tablet
Give such doses number 10
Sign.
5. Take: 1.5 of Paracetamol
3 ml of lily-of-the-valley tincture
100 ml of purified water
Mix. Give.
Sign.
6. Take: 1 ml of liquid aloe extract
Give such doses number 10 in ampules
Sign.
7. Take: 0.5 of oily solution of Vitamin A
Equal amounts of Lanolin
Sunflower oil and
Distilled water 20.0
Give.
Sign.
8. Take: Suppositories with Nystatin 250 mg 10 in number
Give.
Sign.
9. Take: 0.015 of belladonna extract
0.01of Naphthalan
Cocoa oil in sufficient amount
Mix to make a suppository
Sign.
59
REVISION
hawthorn liquid extract, senna leaves infusion, synthomycin liniment with novocaine, retinol
acetate oily solution, zinc oxide ointment, thiopental-sodium in ampules, sulfacyl-sodium
ointment, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrite, sulfadimezine in tablets, ethazol in tablets, dibazol with
papaverine, adonizide solution in ampules, oxytetracycline ophthalmic ointment, nicotinic acid
solution sodium arsenate solution for injections, precipitated sulfur for external use, boric acid
ointment, aloes syrup with iron, isotonic solution of sodium chloride, yellow mercury oxide,
ethylic iodine solution, chloroform liquid liniment, fluid aloe extract for injections, lead plaster,
liniment of soluble streptocide, dragee “Undevit”, tablets of nicotinic acids.
1. Recǐpe: Unguenti Tetracyclini 1% – 50,0

Da.
Signa: For compresses on the inflammated area
2. Recǐpe: Linimenti Synthomycini 5% – 25,0
Da.
Signa: For bandages on the inflammated area
3. Recǐpe: Solutiōnis Acidi nicotinĭci 1% – 1 ml
Da tales doses numĕro 20 in ampūllis
Signa: 2 ml i.m. 3 times a day
4. Recǐpe: Methyloestradioli 0,00002
Signa: Take 1 tablet once a day
5. Recǐpe: Procaini 0,1
Olei Cacao ad 3,0
Misce, fiat suppositorium rectāle
Signa: Insert 1 suppository in rectum
6. Recǐpe: Acǐdi hydrochlorĭci 1 ml
Pepsini 2,0
Aquae destillātae ad 100 ml
Misce. Da.
Signa: 1 teaspoonful 3 times a day before meals
7. Recǐpe: Phenobarbitali 0,02
Bromisovali 0,3
Glucosi 0,5
Misce, fiat pulvis
Signa: Take 1 powder 2 times a day within 2 weeks
8. Recǐpe: Solutiōnis Acǐdi borĭci 1% – 20 ml
Mentholi 0,75
Zinci oxўdi
60
Talci ana 15,0
Glycerini
Spirĭtus aethylĭci 70% – ana 20 ml
Misce. Da.
Signa: Apply to the affected skin area for pruritus
9. Recǐpe: Solutiōnis Acǐdi borĭci 2% – 10 ml
Dimedroli 0,1
Solutiōnis Epinephrini hydrochlorĭdi 0,1% – guttas X
Misce. Da.
Signa: 5 drops into the nose 3 times a day
1. Take: Erythromycin ointment 1% – 15.0

Give. Sign: For banadages on skin on the inflammated infiltrate area
2. Take: Chlorophyllipt oily solution 2% -100.0
Give Sign: Apply to the affected skin areas
3. Take: Riboflavin
Thiamine chloride each of 0.01
Ascorbic acid 0.05
Nicotinic acid 0.01
Glucose 0.2
Mix to make powder
4. Take: Sodium chloride 4.75
Potassium chloride 1.5
Sodium acetate 2.6
Sodium hydrocarbonate 1.0
Water for injection up to 1000 ml
Mix. Sterilize! Give.
Sign: For i.v. infusions
5. Take: Zinc sulfate
Lead acetate each of 1.0
Mix. Give
Sign: For instillation into urethra
6. Take: Barbital-sodium 0.5
Cacao oil in sufficient amount to make rectal suppository
Sign:
7. Take: Chinine hydrochloride 1.0
Phenyl salicylate 2.0
Zinc oxide 5.0
Vaseline to 50.0
61
Give. Sign: For external use
8. Take: «Anusol» suppositories 10 in number
Give. Sign: Insert 1 suppository in rectum 3 times a day
9. Take: Belladonna extract 0.015
Procaine
Streptocide each of 0.1
Collargol 0.01
Solution of epinephrine hydrochloride 0.18% – drops IV
Cacao oil up to 3.0
Mix to make a rectal suppository
Sign: 1 suppository in rectum
10. Take: Solution of apomorphine hydrochloride 1% – 1 ml
Sign:
11. Take: Infusion of valerian root 20.0 – 200 ml
Sodium bromide
Potassium bromide each of 3.0
Mix. Give. Sign: Take 1 tablespoonful 3 times a day
12. Take: Adoniside
Belladonna tincture each of 5 ml
Valerian tincture
Lilly-of-the-valley tincture each of 10 ml
Sodium bromide 3.0
Menthol 0.5
Mix. Give.
Sign: Take 25 drops 3 times daily
13. Take: Oil solution of camphor 20% – 2 ml
Sign:
14. Take: Folic acid 0.0008
Ascorbic acid 0.1
Sign: Take 1 tablet 3 times daily at mealtimes within one month
15. Take: Ethylmorphine hydrochloride 0.1
Vaseline 10.0
Give. Sign: Apply with glass stick under lid margin
16. Take: Lincomycin hydrochloride 0.25
Sign:
17. Take: Isotonic solution of sodium chloride up to 100 ml
Thiosulfate 10.0
Mix. Give. Sign: Take 2 tablespoonful every 10 minutes
62
18. Take: Thiamine bromide 3% – 1 ml
Sign:
19. Take: Zinc sulphate
Lead acetate each of 0.3
Mix. Give. Sign: For irrigation
20. Take: Calcium glycerophosphate
Calcium lactate each of 0.25
Exercise 4. Translate into Latin, write completely and with abbreviations.
1. Take: Magnesium oxide tablets 0,5 in number 20

Give. Sign: 1-2 tablets.
2. Take: Calcium carbonate precipitated
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Bismuth basic nitrate each of 0,5
Belladonna extract 0,015
Mix to make powder.
Give of such doses 20 in number.
Sign: 1 powder 3 times a day.
3. Take: Oily retinol acetate solution
Lanolin
Olive-oil of each 10,0
Mix to make ointment.
Give. Sign: For skin parts smearing.
4. Take: Suppositories with digitoxine 0,015 in number 10
Give. Sign: 1 suppository a day.
5. Take: Tablet of furacilin 0.02
Sign.
6. Take: Liniment of aloe 50.0
Give. Sign.
7. Take: Bromcamphor 0.1
Chinidine sulfate 0.05
Mix to make powder
Give. Sign.
63
KEYS TO THE TESTS
Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 5
1 – 2, 3, 4 1 – 1, 3, 4 1–3 1–2
2 – 2, 4, 5 2 – 3, 4, 5 2–2 2–4
3 – 2, 3, 4 3 – 1, 3, 4 3–4 3–2
4–3 4 – 1, 3, 5 4–4 4–3
5–3 5 – 2, 4 5–2 5–1
6–2 6 – 2, 3, 5 6–3 6–2
7–4 7 – 3, 5 7–4 7–4
8–2 8 – 2, 5 8–5 8–3
9–4 9 – 1, 3 9–2 9–2
10 – 3 10 – 1, 4, 5 10 – 3 10 – 4
64
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
A Antipyrīnum, i n – antipyrin
Absinthium, i n – wormwood Anusōlum, i n – anusol
acetas, ātis m – acetate Apilācum, i n – apilac
Acĭdum folĭcum – folic acid Apomorphīnum, i n – apomorphine
Acĭdum lipoĭcum – lipoic acid Aqua (ae f) destillata – distilled water
Acĭdum acetylsalicylĭcum – acetylsalicylic acid aqua, ae f – water
Acĭdum arsenĭcum – arsenic acid Argentum, i n – silver
Acĭdum ascorbinĭcum – ascorbic acid Arsenĭcum, i n – arsenic
Acĭdum benzoĭcum – benzoic acid arsenis, ĭtis m – arsenite
Acĭdum borĭcum – boric acid Aspirīnum, i n – aspirin
Acĭdum citrĭcum – citric acid Aspirīnum, i n – aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid
Acĭdum glutaminĭcum – glutaminic acid Atropīnum, i n – atropine
Acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum – hydrochloric acid
Acĭdum lactĭcum – lactic acid B
Acĭdum nicotinĭcum – nicotinic acid bacca, ae f – berry
Acĭdum salicylĭcum – salicylic acid Baralgīnum, i n – baralgin
ad (200 ml) – up to (200 ml) Barbamylum, i n – barbamyl
ad usum externum – for external use Barium, i n – barium
ad usum internum – for internal use Belladonna, ae f – belladonna
Adōnis (ĭdis m, f) vernālis – spring adonis benzoas, ātis m – benzoate
Adrenalīnum, i n – adrenaline Benzonalum, i n – benzonal
aёrosōlum, i n – aerosol Benzylpenicillīnum, i n – benzylpenicilline
aether, ĕris m – ether Benzylpenicillīnum-natrium, i n –
aethylĭcus, a, um – ethylic benzylpenicillin-sodium
Aethylmorphīnum, i n – ethylmorphine Betŭla, ae f – birch
albus, a, um – white Bismŭthi subnitras – bismuth basic nitrate
Allochōlum, i n – allochol Bismŭthum, i n – bismuth
Aloë, ës f – aloe Borum, i n – boron
Althaea, ae f – althea, marshmallow brikētum, i n – briquette
Aluminium, i n – aluminium Bromcamphŏra, ae f – bromcamphor
Amidopyrīnum, i n – amidopyrin Bromhexinum, i n – bromhexin
Aminazīnum, i, n – aminazine bromĭdum, i n – bromide
Ampicillīnum, i n – ampicillin Bromisovalum, i, n – bromisoval
ampŭlla, ae f – ampule, ampoule Bromum, i n – bromine
Amylii nitris (ītis, m) – amyl nitrite Broncholytīnum, i n – broncholytin
Amўlum (i, n) Tritĭci – wheat starch
Amўlum, i n – starch C
ana – in equal amounts; of each Cacao (no declension) – cocoa
Anaesthesīnum, i n – anaesthesin Calcĭum, i n – calcium
Anaesthesōlum, i n – anaesthesol Calendŭla, ae f – marigold, calendula
Analgīnum, i n – analgin Camphomenum, i n – camphomen
Anīsum, i n – anise Camphǒra, ae f – camphor
antiasthmatĭcus, a, um – antiasthmatic capsŭla, ae f – capsule
65
capsŭla (ae, f) amylacea – starch capsule Dibazōlum, i n – dibazol
capsŭla (ae, f) gelatinosa – gelatinous capsule Dicaīnum, i n – dicain
carāmel, ēllis n – caramel Digitālis, is f – foxglove, gum-tree, digitalis
carbonas, atis m – carbonate Digitoxīnum, i n – digitoxin
Carboneum, i n – carbon Digoxīnum, i n – digoxin
Cerebrolysīnum, i n – cerebrolysin dilūtus, a, um – diluted, dissolved
Chamomilla, ae f – matricary, chamomile Dimedrōlum, i n – dimedrol
Chinīnum, i n – quinine Diprophyllīnum, i n – diprophylline
Chinosōlum, i n – chinosol dragées (only plural) – drops
chlorĭdum, i n – chloride
Chloroformium, i n – chloroform E
Chlorum, i n – chlorine elīxir, īris n – elixir
cholagōgus, a, um – cholagogic, bile-expelling emplastrum, i n – plaster
cito – quickly emplastrum (i, n) simplex (icis) – simple plaster
citras, ātis m – citrate emplastrum (i, n) composĭtum –
Codeīnum, i n – codeine composite plaster
Coffeīnum, i, n – caffeine emulsum, i n – emulsion
Coffeīnum-natrii benzōas, ātis m – Ephedrīnum, i n – ephedrine
sodium caffeine-benzoate Epinephrīni hydrochlorĭdum –
Collargōlum, i n – collargol epinephrine hydrochloride
composĭtus, a, um – compound Erythromycīnum, i, n – erythromycine
concentrātus, a, um – concentrated; strong et – and
contra tussim – against cough Eucalyptus, i f – eucalyptus
Convallaria, ae f – lily-of-the-valley Euphyllīnum, i n – euphylline
Cordigitum, i n – cordigit ex tempore – in case of need
cortex, ĭcis m – bark extractum, i n – extract
Corvalōlum, i n – corvalol extractum (i, n) fluĭdum – liquid (fluid) extract
Cratāegus, i f – hawthorn extractum (i, n) siccum – dry extract
cremor, ōris m – cream extractum (i, n) spissum – thick extract
cum (Abl) – with
Cuprum, i n – copper F
Ferrum, i n – iron
D flavus, a, um – yellow
Da – Give Florenalum, i n – florenal
Da tales doses numĕro (20) – flos, floris m – flower
Give of such doses (20) in number fluĭdus, a, um — liquid, fluid (for extract)
decoctum, i n – decoction Fluōrum (Phthorum), i n – fluorine
Dentur tales doses numӗro (20) – Foenicŭlum, i n – fennel, dill
Let (20) such doses be given folium, i n – leaf
depurātus, a, um – purified (for sulphur) Frangǔla, ae f – buckhorn
Desoxycorticosteronum, i, n – fructus, us m – fruit
desoxycorticosterone Furacilīnum, i n – furacilin
destillātus, a, um – distilled Furazolidōnum, i, n – furazolidone
Detur – Let it be given
Diazolīnum, i n – diazolin
66
G Iōdum, i n – iodine
gelatinōsus, a, um – gelatinous isotonĭcus, a, um – isotonic
gelum, i n – gel
gemma, ae f – bud, gemma K
gluconas, ātis m – gluconate Kalanchoë, ës f – kalanchoe
Glucōsum, i n – glucose Kalĭum, i n – potassium
glycerinōsus, a, um – glyceric Kalii bromĭdum (i, n) – potassium bromide
Glycerīnum, i n – glycerin Kalii carbonas (ātis, m) – potassium carbonate
glycerophosphas, ātis m – glycerophosphate Kalii chlorĭdum (i, n) – potassium chloride
Glycyrrhīza, ae f – licorice
granŭlum, i n – granule L
gutta, ae f – drop lactas, ātis m – lactate
lamella (membranŭla), ae f – medical film
H lamella ophthalmĭca – ophthalmic film
Helianthus, i m – sunflower Lanolīnum, i n – lanoline
herba, ae f – herb Leonūrus, i m – motherwort
Hippophaë, ës f – sea-buckthorn Lincomycīnum, i n – lincomycin
Hydrargўrum (Mercurium), i n – mercury linimentum, i n – liniment
Hydrargyri oxўdum (i, n) – mercury oxide Linum, i n – flax
hydrocarbonas, ātis m – hydrocarbonate Liquor Ammonii anisātus –anise liquid ammonia
hydrochlorĭdum, i n – hydrochloride Lithium, i n – lithium
Hydrocortisōnum, i n – hydrocortisone
Hydrogenĭum, i n – hydrogen M
Hydrogenii peroxўdum, (i, n) – Magnesĭum (Magnĭum), i n – magnesium
hydrogen peroxide membranŭla (lamella), ae f – medical film
hydroxўdum, i n – hydroxide membranŭla ophthalmĭca – ophthalmic film
hydrotartras, ātis m – hydrotartrate Mentha, ae f – mint
Hyperĭcum, i n – St. John's wort Mentha (ae, f) piperita – piper mint
Menthōlum, i n – menthol
I Mercurium (Hydrargўrum), i n – mercury
Ichthyōlum, i n – ichthyol Methylii salicylas (ātis, m) – methyl salicylate
in ampullis – in ampoules (ampules) Methyloestradiōlum, i n – methyloestradiol
in capsulis – in capsules Millefolium, i n –yarrow, milfoil
in capsulis amylaceis – in starch capsules Misce – Mix
in capsulis gelatinosis (in oblatis) – Misce, fiant species (pl.) – Mix to make species.
in gelatine capsules (in cachets) Misce, fiant suppositoria rectalia (vaginalia) –
infūsum, i n – infusion Mix to make rectal (vaginal) suppositories.
Insulīnum, i n – insulin Misce, fiat emulsum – Mix to make an emulsion.
in spritz-tubulis – in unit dose syringes Misce, fiat linimentum – Mix to make a liniment.
in tabulettis – in tablets Misce, fiat pasta – Mix to make a paste.
in tabulettis obductis – in coated tablets Misce, fiat pulvis – Mix to make a powder.
in vitro – in vitro, in a test-tube Misce, fiat suppositorium – Mix to make a
in vitro nigro – in a dark test-tube suppository.
iodĭdum, i n – iodide Misce, fiat suppositorium rectāle (vagināle) –
Iodoformium, i n – iodoform Mix to make a rectal (vaginal) suppository.
67
Misce, fiat unguentum – Oxacillīnum-natrium, i n – oxacillin-sodium
Mix to make an ointment. Oxygenĭum, i n – oxygen
Misceātur – Let it be mixed oxўdum, i n – oxide
mixtūra, ae f – mixture
Monomycīnum, i n – monomycin P
Morphīnum, i n – morphin Papaverīnum, i n – papaverine
Morphini hydrochlorĭdum (i, n) – Paracetamōlum, i n – paracetamol
morphine hydrochloride pasta, ae f – paste
mucilāgo, ĭnis f – mucilage Pentalgīnum, i n – pentalgin
Pentoxilum, i n – pentoxile
N per os – orally, through the mouth
Naphthalānum, i n – naphthalan peroxўdum, i n – peroxide
Natrĭi acetas (ātis, m) – sodium acetate per rectum – rectally, through the rectum
Natrĭi bromĭdum (i, n) – sodium bromide Persĭcum, i n – peach
Natrĭi chlorĭdum (i, n) – sodium chloride Phenacetīnum, i n – phenacetin
Natrĭi hydrocarbonas (ātis, m) – Phenazepamum, i, n – phenazepam
sodium hydrocarbonate Phenobarbitālum, i n – phenobarbital
Natrĭi nitras (ātis, m) – sodium nitrate Phenobarbitālum-natrium, i n –
Natrĭi nitris (itis, m) – sodium nitrite phenobarbital-sodium
Natrĭum, i n – sodium Phenoxymethylpenicillīnum, i n –
Neomycīni sulfas (ātis, m) – neomycin sulphate phenoxymethylpenicillin
Neomycīnum, i n – neomycin Phenylii salicylas (ātis m) – phenyl salicylate
nitras, ātis m – nitrate phosphas, ātis m – phosphate
nitris, ĭtis m – nitrite Phosphŏrus, i m – phosphorus
Nitrogenium, i n – nitrogen Phthoracizīnum, i n – phthoracizine
Nitroglycerīnum, i n – nitroglycerin Phthorum (Fluōrum), i n – fluorine
Norsulfazōlum, i n – norsulfazol Phytolysīnum, i n – phytolysin
Novocaīnum, i n – novocain pilŭla, ae f – pill
Nystatīnum, i n – nystatin Piracetamum, i n – piracetam
Plantāgo, ǐnis f – plantain
O Platyphyllīnum, i n – platyphylline
obductus, a, um – coated Plumbum, i n – lead
Oestradiōlum, i n – oestradiol praecipitātus, a, um – precipitated
Oleandomycīnum, i, n – oleandomycine pro die – daily dose
oleōsus, a, um – oily pro dosi – single dose
olĕum, i n – oil pro infantĭbus – for children
oleum (i, n) Eucalypti – eucalypt oil pro inhalatione – for inhalation
oleum (i, n) Helianthi – sunflower oil pro injectionĭbus – for injections
oleum (i, n) Olivārum – olive oil pro narcōsi – for anesthesia (for narcosis)
oleum (i, n) Persicōrum – peach oil pro roentgeno – for X-ray examination
oleum (i, n) Ricĭni – castor oil pro solutione – for solution
oleum (i, n) Terebinthĭnae – turpentine oil Prostenonum, i n – prostenon
Olīva, ae f – olive pulvis, ĕris m – powder
orōtas, ātis m – orotate pulvis (ěris, m) subtilis – fine powder
Oxacillīnum, i n – oxacillin -
68
pulvis (ěris, m) subtilissimus – solutio (ōnis, f) spirituosa –
the finest powder spirituous solution (in alcohol)
pulvis (ěris, m) solubilis – dissolvable powder species, ērum f (only plural) –
purificātus, a, um – purified (for water) medicinal (herbal) plant mixture; tea
purus, a, um – pure species antiasthmatĭcae – antiasthmatic tea
species cholagōgae – bile-expelling tea
Q species pectorāles – breast tea
quantum satis – in sufficient amount species sedatīvae – sedative tea
Quercus, us f – oak species stomachĭcae – stomachic tea
spirituōsus, a, um – alcoholic, spirituous (adj.)
R Spirĭtus (us, m) aethylĭcus – ethyl alcohol
radix, īcis f – root spirĭtus, us m – alcohol
Recĭpe – Take; take thou spissus, a, um – thick
rectificātus, a, um – spray – spray
purified (alcohol, turpentine oil) Sterilĭsa! – Sterilize!
reductus, a, um – reduced Sterilisētur! – Let it be sterilized!
remedium, i n – remedy sterillisātus, a, um – sterilized
Resorcinum, i n – resorcin stomachĭcum, a, um – stomachic
Rheum, i n – rhubarb Streptocīdum, i n – streptocide
rhizōma, ătis n – rhizome Streptomycinum, i n – streptomycin
Riboflavīnum, i n – riboflavin Strychnīnum, i, n – strychnine
Ricinus, i m – castor oil plant subcarbonas, ātis m – basic carbonate
Rosa (canina), ae f – dog rose subnitras, ātis m – basic nitrate
Rutīnum, i, n – rutin subtilissĭmus, a, um – finest
succus, i m – juice
S Sulfacӯlum, i n – sulfacyl
Sacchărum, i n – sugar Sulfacӯlum-natrium, i n – sulfacyl-sodium
salicylas, ātis m – salicylate Sulfadimezīnum, i n – sulphadimezine
Salvia, ae f – sage Sulfapyridazinum-natrium, i n –
sedatīvus, a, um – sedative sulphapyridazine-sodium
semen, ĭnis n – seed sulfas, ātis m – sulphate
seu – or sulfis, ītis m – sulphite
siccus, a, um – dry Sulfur, ŭris n – sulphur
Signa – Sign, mark thou, write, label suppositorĭum, i n – suppository
Signētur – Let it be signed (labeled) suppositorĭum rectāle – rectal suppository
simplex, ĭcis (adj) – simple suppositorĭum vagināle – vaginal suppository
sirŭpus, i m – syrup suspensĭo, ōnis f – suspension
sirŭpus Sacchǎri – sugar syrup Synoestrōlum, i n – synoestrol
solubĭlis, e – soluble Synthomycīnum, i n – synthomycine
solutio, ōnis f – solution
Solutio Ammonii caustĭci – liquid ammonia T
solutio (ōnis, f) glycerinosa – tabuletta, ae f – tablet
solution in glycerine tabuletta (ae f) obducta – coated tablet
solutio (ōnis, f) oleosa – Talcum, i n – talcum powder
solution in oil (oily) Tannīnum, i n – tannin
69
Testosterōnum, i n – testosterone V
tetraboras, ātis m – tetraborate Valeriāna, ae f – valerian
Tetracaīnum, i n – tetracain Validōlum, i n – validol
Tetracyclīnum, i n – tetracycline Vaselīnum, i n – vaseline, petrolatum
Tetravitum, i n – tetravit Vicalīnum, i n – vicalin
Theobromīnum, i n – theobromine Vinylīnum, i n – vinyline
Theophedrīnum, i n – theophedrin vitamīnum, i n – vitamin
Theophyllīnum, i n – theophylline
Thiamīnum, i, n – thiamine X
Thiopentalum-natrium, i n – thiopental-sodium Xeroformium, i n – xeroform
thiosulfas, ātis m – thiosulphate
Thyreoidīnum, i n – thyreoidin Z
tinctūra, ae f – tincture Zincum, i n – zinc
Zinci oxўdum – zinc oxide
U Zinci sulfas (ātis) – Zinc sulphate
Undevitum, i n – undevit
unguentum, i n – ointment
Unguentum Zinci – zinc ointment
Urtīca, ae f – stinging nettle
ustus, a, um – burnt
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ENGLISH-LATIN PHARMACEUTICAL VOCABULARY
A arsenic – Arsenĭcum, i n
acetate – acetas, ātis m arsenite – arsenis, ĭtis m
acid – Acĭdum, i n aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid – Aspirīnum, i n
– acetylsalicylic acid – atropine – Atropinum, i n
Acĭdum acetylsalicylĭcum / Aspirīnum, i n
– arsenic acid – Acĭdum arsenĭcum B
– ascorbic acid – Acĭdum ascorbinĭcum baralgin – Baralgīnum, i n
– benzoic acid – Acĭdum benzoĭcum barbamyl –Barbamylum, i n
– boric acid – Acĭdum borĭcum barium – Barium, i n
– citric acid – Acĭdum citrĭcum bark – cortex, ĭcis m
– folic acid – Acĭdum folĭcum basic carbonate – subcarbonas, ātis m
– glutaminic acid – Acĭdum glutaminĭcum basic nitrate – subnitras, ātis m
– hydrochloric acid – belladonna – Belladonna, ae f
Acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum benzoate – benzoas, ātis m
– lactic acid – Acĭdum lactĭcum benzonal – Benzonalum, i n
– lipoic acid – Acĭdum lipoĭcum benzylpenicilline – Benzylpenicillīnum, i n
– nicotinic acid – Acĭdum nicotinĭcum benzylpenicillin-sodium –
– salicylic acid – Acĭdum salicylĭcum Benzylpenicillīnum-natrium, i n
adrenaline – Adrenalīnum, i n berry – bacca, ae f
aerosol – aёrosōlum, i n bile-expelling tea – species cholagōgae
against cough – contra tussim birch – Betŭla, ae f
alcohol – spirĭtus, us m bismuth – Bismŭthum, i n
alcoholic – spirituōsus, a, um Bismŭthi subnitras – bismuth basic nitrate
allochol – Allochōlum, i n boric acid – Acĭdum borĭcum
aloe – Aloё, ёs f boron – Borum, i n
aluminium – Aluminium, i n briquette – brikētum, i n
amidopyrin – Amidopyrīnum, i n bromcamphor – Bromcamphŏra, ae f
aminazine – Aminazīnum, i, n bromhexin – Bromhexinum, i n
ampicillin – Ampicillīnum, i n bromide – bromĭdum, i n
ampule, ampoule – ampŭlla, ae f bromine – Bromum, i n
amyl nitrite – Amylii nitris (ītis, m) bromisoval – Bromisovalum, i, n
anaesthesin – Anaesthesīnum, i n broncholytin – Broncholytīnum, i n
anaesthesol – Anaesthesōlum, i n buckhorn – Frangǔla, ae f
analgin – Analgīnum, i n bud – gemma, ae f
and – et burnt – ustus, a, um
anise – Anīsum, i n
anise liquid ammonia – C
Liquor Ammonii anisātus caffeine – Coffeīnum, i, n
antiasthmatic tea –species antiasthmatĭcae calcium – Calcĭum, i n
antipyrin – Antipyrinum, i n camphomen – Camphomenum, i n
anusol – Anusolum, i n camphor – Camphǒra, ae f
apilac – Apilācum, i n capsule – capsŭla, ae f
apomorphine – Apomorphīnum, i n – gelatinous capsule – capsŭla (ae, f) gelatinosa
71
– starch capsule – capsŭla (ae, f) amylacea dog rose – Rosa (canina), ae f
caramel – carāmel, ēllis n drops – dragées (only plural)
carbon – Carboneum, i n drop – gutta, ae f
carbonate – carbonas, atis m dry – siccus, a, um
castor oil – oleum (i, n) Ricĭni dry extract – extractum siccum
castor oil plant – Ricinus, i m
cerebrolysin – Cerebrolysīnum, i n F
chamomile, matricary – Chamomilla, ae f fine powder – pulvis (ěris, m) subtilis
chinosol – Chinosōlum, i n finest – subtilissĭmus, a, um
chloride – chlorĭdum, i n finest powder – pulvis (ěris, m) subtilissimus
chlorine – Chlorum, i n flax – Linum, i n
chloroform – Chloroformium, i n florenal – Florenalum, i n
flower – flos, floris m
cholagogic, bile-expelling – cholagōgus, a, um
fluorine – Fluōrum (Phthorum), i n
citrate – citras, ātis m
for anesthesia (for narcosis) – pro narcōsi
clear, pure – purus, a, um
for children – pro infantĭbus
coated – obductus, a, um
for external use – ad usum externum
coated tablet – tabuletta (ae f) obducta
for inhalation – pro inhalatione
cocoa – Cacao
for injections – pro injectionĭbus
codeine – Codeīnum, i n
for internal use – ad usum internum
collargol – Collargolum, i n
for solution – pro solutione
compound – composĭtus, a, um
for X-ray examination – pro roentgeno
concentrated; strong – concentrātus, a, um
foxglove – Digitālis, is f
copper – Cuprum, i n
fruit – fructus, us m
cordigit – Cordigitum, i n
furacilin – Furacilīnum, i n
corvalol – Corvalōlum, i n
furazolidone – Furazolidōnum, i, n
cream – cremor, ōris m
G
D
gel – gelum, i n
daily dose – pro die
gelatinous – gelatinōsus, a, um
decoction – decoctum, i n
gemma, bud – gemma, ae f
desoxycorticosterone –
Give – Da
Desoxycorticosteronum, i, n
Give of such doses 20 in number –
diazolin – Diazolīnum, i n
Da tales doses numĕro (20)
dibazol – Dibazōlum, i n
gluconate – gluconas, ātis m
dicain – Dicaīnum, i n
glucose – Glucōsum, i n
digitalis, foxglove, gum-tree – Digitālis, is f
glyceric – glycerinōsus, a, um
digitoxin – Digitoxinum, i n
glycerin – Glycerīnum, i n
digoxin – Digoxīnum, i n
glycerophosphate – glycerophosphas, ātis m
diluted – dilūtus, a, um
granule – granŭlum, i n
dimedrol – Dimedrōlum, i n
gum-tree, foxglove, digitalis – Digitalis, is f
diprophylline – Diprophyllīnum, i n
dissolvable powder – pulvis (ěris, m) solubilis
H
dissolved, diluted – dilūtus, a, um
hawthorn – Cratāegus, i f
distilled – destillāttus, a, um
herb – herba, ae f
distilled water – Aqua (ae f) destillata
72
hydrocarbonate – hydrocarbonas, ātis m isotonic – isotonĭcus, a, um
hydrochloride – hydrochlorĭdum, i n
hydrocortisone – Hydrocortisōnum, i n J
hydrogen – Hydrogenĭum, i n juice – succus, i m
hydrogen peroxide –
Hydrogenii peroxўdum, (i, n) K
hydrotartrate – hydrotartras, ātis m kalanchoe – Kalanchoë, ës f
hydroxide – hydroxўdum, i n
L
E lactate – lactas, ātis m
elixir – elīxir, īris n lanoline – Lanolīnum, i n
emulsion – emulsum, i n lead – Plumbum, i n
ephedrine – Ephedrinum, i n leaf – folium, i n
epinephrine hydrochloride – Let (20) such doses be given –
Epinephrini hydrochlorĭdum Dentur tales doses numero (20)
erythromycine – Erythromycīnum, i, n Let it be given – Detur
ether – aether, ĕris m Let it be mixed – Misceātur
ethyl – aethylĭcus, a, um Let it be signed (labeled) – Signētur
ethylic alcohol – Spirĭtus aethylĭcus Let it be sterilized! – Sterilisētur!
eucalyptus – Eucalyptus, i f licorice – Glycyrrhīza, ae f
eucalyptus oil – oleum (i, n) Eucalypti lily-of-the-valley – Convallaria, ae f
euphylline – Euphyllīnum, i n lincomycin – Lincomycinum, i n
extract – extractum, i n liniment – linimentum, i n
liquid – fluĭdus, a, um
I liquid ammonia – Solutio Ammonii caustĭci
ichthyol – Ichthyōlum, i n liquid (fluid) extract – extractum fluĭdum
in a dark test-tube – in vitro nigro lithium – Lithium, i n
in ampoules – in ampullis
in capsules – in capsulis M
in case of need – ex tempore magnesium – Magnesĭum (Magnĭum), i n
in coated tablets – in tabulettis obductis marigold – Calendŭla, ae f
in equal amounts, of each – ana marshmallow, althea – Althaea, ae f
infusion – infūsum, i n matricary, chamomile – Chamomilla, ae f
in gelatine capsules (in cachets) – medical film – membranŭla (lamella), ae f
in capsulis gelatinosis (in oblatis) medicinal (herbal) plant mixture; tea –
in starch capsules – in capsulis amylaceis specĭes, ērum f (only plural)
in tablets – in tabulettis menthol – Menthōlum, i n
in unit dose syringes – in spritz-tubulis mercury – Hydrargўrum (Mercurium), i n
in vitro, in a test-tube – in vitro mercury oxide – Hydrargyri oxўdum (i, n)
in sufficient amount – quantum satis methyloestradiol – Methyloestradiōlum, i n
insulin – Insulīnum, i n methyl salicylate – Methylii salicylas (ātis, m)
iodide – iodĭdum, i n milfoil, yarrow – Millefolium, i n
iodoform – Iodoformium, i n mint – Mentha, ae f
iodine – Iōdum, i n Mix – Misce
iron – Ferrum, i n Mix to make a liniment – Misce, fiat linimentum
73
Mix to make a paste – Misce, fiat pasta orotate – orōtas, ātis m
Mix to make a powder – Misce, fiat pulvis oxacillin – Oxacillīnum, i n
Mix to make a rectal (vaginal) suppository – oxacillin sodium – Oxacillīnum-natrium, i n
Misce, fiat suppositorium rectāle (vagināle) oxide – oxўdum, i n
Mix to make a suppository – oxygen – Oxygenĭum, i n
Misce, fiat suppositorium
Mix to make an emulsion – P
Misce, fiat emulsum papaverine – Papaverīnum, i n
Mix to make an ointment – paracetamol – Paracetamōlum, i n
Misce, fiat unguentum paste – pasta, ae f
Mix to make rectal (vaginal) suppositories – peach – Persĭcum, i n
Misce, fiant suppositoria rectalia (vaginalia) peach oil – Oleum (i, n) Persicōrum
Mix to make species – Misce, fiant species (pl) pectoral tea – species pectorāles
mixture – mixtūra, ae f pentoxile – Pentoxilum, i n
monomycin – Monomycīnum, i n pepermint – Mentha (ae f) piperīta
morphin – Morphīnum, i n peroxide – peroxўdum, i n
morphine hydrochloride – phenacetin – Phenacetīnum, i n
Morphini hydrochlorĭdum (i, n) phenazepam – Phenazepamum, i n
motherwort – Leonūrus, i m phenobarbital – Phenobarbitālum, i n
mucilage – mucilāgo, ĭnis f phenobarbital-sodium –
Phenobarbitālum-natrium, i n
N phenoxymethylpenicillin –
naphthalan – Naphthalānum, i n Phenoxymethylpenicillīnum, i n
neomycin – Neomycīnum, i n phenyl salicylate – Phenylii salicylas (ātis m)
nitrate – nitras, ātis m phosphate – phosphas, ātis m
nitrite – nitris, ĭtis m phosphorus – Phosphŏrus, i m
nitrogen – Nitrogenium, i n phthoracizine – Phthoracizīnum, i n
nitroglycerin – Nitroglycerīnum, i n phytolysin – Phytolysīnum, i n
norsulfazol – Norsulfazolum, i, n pill – pilŭla, ae f
novocain – Novocainum, i n piracetam – Piracetamum, i n
plantain – Plantago, ǐnis f
O plaster – emplastrum, i n
oak – Quercus, us f platyphylline – Platyphyllīnum, i n
oestradiol – Oestradiōlum, i n potassium – Kalĭum, i n
of each, in equal amounts – ana potassium bromide – Kalii bromĭdum (i, n)
oil – olĕum, i n potassium carbonate – Kalii carbonas (ātis, m)
oily – oleōsus, a, um potassium chloride – Kalii chlorĭdum (i, n)
ointment – unguentum, i n powder – pulvis, ĕris m
oleandomycin – Oleandomycīnum, i, n precipitated – praecipitātus, a, um
olive – Olīva, ae f prostenon – Prostenonum, i n
olive oil – Oleum (i, n) Olivārum purified (for alcohol, turpentine oil) –
ophthalmic film – rectificātus, a, um
lamella (membranŭla) ophthalmĭca purified (for sulphur, powder) – depurātus, a, um
or – seu purified (for water) – purificātus, a, um
orally, through the mouth – per os pure, clear – purus, a, um
74
Q spring adonis – Adonis (ĭdis m) vernālis
quickly – cito St. John's wort – Hyperĭcum, i n
quinine – Chinīnum, i n starch – Amўlum, i n
starch capsule – capsŭla (ae, f) amylacea
R Sterilize! – Sterilĭsa!
rectal suppository – suppositorĭum rectāle stinging nettle – Urtīca, ae f
rectally, through the rectum – per rectum stomachic – stomachĭcum, a, um
reduced – reductus, a, um stomachic tea – species stomachĭcae
remedy – remedium, i n streptocide – Streptocīdum, i n
resorcin – Resorcinum, i n streptomycin – Streptomycinum, i n
rhizome – rhizōma, ătis n strychnine – Strychnīnum, i, n
rhubarb – Rheum, i n sugar – Sacchărum, i n
riboflavin – Riboflavīnum, i n sugar syrup – sirŭpus Sacchǎri
root – radix, īcis f sulfacyl – Sulfacӯlum, i n
rutin – Rutīnum, i, n sulfacyl-sodium – Sulfacylum-natrium, i n
sulphate – sulfas, ātis m
S sulphite – sulfis, ītis m
sage – Salvia, ae f sulphur – Sulfur, ŭris n
salicylate – salicylas, ātis m sulphadimezine – Sulfadimezīnum, i n
sea-buckthorn – Hippophaë, ës f sulphapyridazine-sodium –
sedative – sedatīvus, a, um Sulfapyridazinum-natrium, i n
sedative tea – species sedatīvae sunflower – Helianthus, i m
seed – semen, ĭnis n sunflower oil – oleum (i, n) Helianthi
Sign (write, label) – Signa suppository – suppositorĭum, i n
silver – Argentum, i n suspension – suspensĭo, ōnis f
simple – simplex, ĭcis (adj) synoestrol – Synoestrōlum, i n
single dose – pro dosi synthomycine – Synthomycīnum, i n
sodium – Natrĭum, i n syrup – sirŭpus, i m
sodium acetate – Natrĭi acetas (ātis, m)
sodium bromide – Natrĭi bromĭdum (i, n) T
sodium chloride – Natrĭi chlorĭdum (i, n) tablet – tabuletta, ae f
sodium hydrocarbonate – Take – Recĭpe
Natrĭi hydrocarbonas (ātis, m) talcum powder – Talcum, i n
sodium nitrate – Natrĭi nitras (ātis, m) tannin – Tannīnum, i n
sodium nitrite – Natrĭi nitris (itis, m) tea – specĭes, ērum f (only plural)
sodium caffeine-benzoate – testosterone – Testosterōnum, i n
Coffeīnum-natrii benzōas, ātis m tetraborate – tetraboras, ātis m
soluble – solubĭlis, e tetracain – Tetracaīnum, i n
solution – solutio, ōnis f tetracycline – Tetracyclīnum, i n
solution in glycerine – tetravit – Tetravitum, i n
solutio (ōnis, f) glycerinōsa theobromine – Theobromīnum, i n
solution in oil (oily) – solutio (ōnis, f) oleōsa theophedrin – Theophedrīnum, i n
spirituous solution (in alcohol) – theophylline – Theophyllīnum, i n
solutio (ōnis, f) spirituōsa thiamine – Thiamīnum, i, n
spray – spray thick – spissus, a, um
75
thick extract – extractum spissum W
thiopental-sodium – Thiopentalum-natrium, i n water – aqua, ae f
thiosulphate – thiosulfas, ātis m wheat starch – Amўlum (i, n) Tritĭci
thyreoidine – Thyreoidīnum, i n white – albus, a, um
tincture – tinctūra, ae f with – cum (Abl)
turpentine oil – oleum (i, n) Terebinthĭnae wormwood – Absinthium, i n
U X
undevit – Undevitum, i n xeroform – Xeroformium, i n
up to (200 ml) – ad (200 ml)
Y
V yarrow, milfoil – Millefolium, i n
vaginal suppository – suppositorĭum vagināle yellow – flavus, a, um
valerian – Valeriāna, ae f
validol – Validōlum, i n Z
vaseline, petrolatum – Vaselīnum, i n zinc – Zincum, i n
vicalin – Vicalīnum, i n zinc ointment – Unguentum Zinci
vinyline – Vinylīnum, i n zinc oxide – Zinci oxўdum
vitamin – vitamīnum, i n Zinc sulphate – Zinci sulfas (ātis)
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APPENDIX 1
COMMON STEMS
# Stem Definition, English spelling Examples
27. -aesthes-, anesthetics (drugs that cause anesthesia Anaesthesīnum

-aesth-, – reversible loss of sensation) Aesthocīnum
-asthes-, Bellasthesīnum
-esthes- Pavesthesīnum
28. -aeth- ethyl group Aethpenalum
Aethymizolum
29. andr-, test-, vir- male sexual hormones Testoviron
30. -angi-, -vas- vasodilating, spasmolytic Panangin
31. -(a)z-, Azaleptīnum
-(a)zid-, presence of nitrogen Phthivazīdum
-(a)zin-, Sulfapyridazīnum
-(a)zol-, Norsulfazōlum
-(a)zon- Sibazōnum
32. -barb- barbiturates (sleeping drugs) Phenobarbitalum
33. -benz- benzole derivatives Benzobarbitalum
Benzotephum
34. -cain- local anaesthetics (-caine-) Procainum
Tetracainum
35. -camph- camphor derivatives (influence on the Camphōnium
central and peripheral nervous system) Bromcamphŏra
36. -ceph- (-cef-, antibiotics produced by Cephalosporum Cephazolinum
-cep-)
37. -cid- antimicrobial Microcīdum
38. -cillin- antibiotics (penicillins) (-cillin) Penicillinum
39. -cor-, -card- cardiac (for heart diseases) Valocordīnum
40. -cort- corticosteroids (adrenal hormones) Tricorticosteronum
41. -cyan- cyanic acid, its anions or a cyan group Cyanocobalamīnum
42. -cyclin- antibiotics (tetracycline derivatives) Demeclocyclīnum
-cycl- (-cycline) Cyclobarbitalum
43. -cyt- cytostatics (killing cancer cells) from Cytarabīnum
the Greek cytos- cell Cytocristīnum
44. -ephedr- alkaloid derived from the plant Ephedra Ephedrīnum
sinica Ephedrosanum
45. -erythr-, from the Greek erythros – red Erythromycīnum
-eryth- Erythaemum
46. -estr-, -oestr- estrogens – female sex hormones Oestradiōlum
Synoestrōlum
47. -form- formic acid derivatives Xeroformium
Iodoformium
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48. -glyc-, -gluc- from the Greek glykys – sweet Nitroglycerīnum
Glucosum
49. -haem- from the Greek haema – blood Haemodesum
Haemostimulīnum
50. -hydr- refers to hydrogen, water or hydroxyl Hydrocortisonum
-hyd- group Hydrochlorthiazidum
Formaldehўdum
51. -lysin-, removing some destructive factor Phytolysīnum
-lytin- Broncholytīnum
52. -menth- from the Latin mentha - mint Menthōlum
Boromenthōlum
53. -meth- methyl group Methyldopa
Methoxalenum
54. -morph- analgetics, morphine derivates Apomorphīnum
Morpholongum
55. -mycin-, antibiotics, produced by fungi Monomycīnum
56. -myc(o)- Streptomyces strain (-mycin) Erythromycīnum
(antifungal)
57. -naphth- products of petroleum Naphthalānum
Naphthyzīnum
58. -oxy- oxygen derivatives Oxylidīnum
Oxyfedrīnum
59. -phen- phenyl group Pheniramīnum
Phentolamīnum
60. -phtha(l)- derivatives of phthalic acid Phthalazōlum
Phthazōlum
61. -phthi- antitubercular effect Phthivazīdum
Phthizopyrāmum
62. -phyll-, theophylline derivatives Euphyllinīnum
-phyllin- (-phylline) from the Greek phyll – leaf Theophyllīnum
63. -phyt- from the Greek phyton – plant Phytinum
Phytolysīnum
64. -pres(s)-, hypotensive, reducing blood pressure Apressīnum
-ten(s)-
65. -poly- from the Greek polys – more than one or Polyphepanum
many Polymixini B sulfas
66. -pyr- antipyretics (drugs that reduce fever) “Pyrameīnum”
Anapyrinum
67. -sed- sedative Valosedan
68. -sept- antiseptic Pharyngosept
69. -sulfa- antimicrobial sulfonylamides Sulfadimezinum
70. -test- testosterone derivatives (male sex Testosteronum
hormone) Medrotestronum
71. -theo- from the Latin theа – tea Theophedrīnum
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Theophyllīnum
72. -thi- presence of sulphur atom in the names Thioridazīnum
of thiosalts and thioacids Thiamīnum
73. -thym- drugs from thymus gland Thymactidum
Thymostimulīnum
74. -thyr- drugs for treatment of the thyroid gland Triiodthyronīnum
Thyreocomb
75. -yl- -yl- is used to form names of radicals, Benzylpenicillīnum
either separate or chemically bonded Sulfacylum-natrium
parts of molecules
76. -zep- antianxiety drug - diazepam derivatives Diazepamum
(-azepam-) Bromazepamum
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APPENDIX 2
Pharmacological Groups
Cardiovascular drugs –
(used for treatment of heart and vessels)
-cor-, -card- (heart)
-vas-, -ang(i)- (vessel)
-pres(s)-, -ten(s)- B.P (blood pressure) – antihypertensive drugs
-haem-, -haemat- (blood)
-dil- (dilation)
Analgesics
(pain releasing drugs)
-alg-, - dol- (pain)
Drugs for treatment of respiratory organs:
-as(th)m- asthma, (difficulty of breathing); antiasthmatic drugs;

-solv- (to dissolve) – dissolving the mucus; - mucolytic drugs;
-tuss- (cough) – relieving coughing; antitussive drugs;
-vent - ventilation
-phyll- 1) leaf, 2) tea alkaloid
Anesthetics
-aesthes- (feeling, nervous sensation) – drug producing loss of
-esthes-; estes- sensation and blocking the awareness of painful stimuli
-cain- local anesthetics
Antibiotics
(soluble, biologically active substances, derived from molds or bacteria that inhibit the growth of
other microorganisms)
They recognize four main groups of antimicrobic antibiotics:
-cillin- antibiotics-penicillins
-cyclin- antibiotics- tetracyclins
-mycin- (myco- mold) – antibiotics produced by a red mold
-micin-
-ceph-, cef-, cep- (head) – antibiotics-cephalosporins
Hormones
(chemical substances, formed in one organ or part of the body and carried in the blood to another
organ or part)
-cort- adrenocortical hormones
-andr-, -test-, -ster- (male) – steroid hormones – androgens
-oestr-, -estr- (female) – steroid hormones – estrogens
-thyr-, -tyr-,- tir- (thyroid gland) – thyrotropic hormones and their
synthetic analogues
Antipyretics
(reducing fever)
-pyr- (fever)
-pir-
80
Antifungal agents
(against fungi)
-myco- (mold)
-miko-; mico-
-fung- (fungus)
Drugs influencing blood coagulation
-c(o)um-,- c(o)amar-, -arol- anticoagulants (preventing the blood coagulation)
-thromb-, -tromb- (clot) – thrombolytics (destoying the clots).
Drugs, influencing the Central Nervous System
-barb- derivatives of the barbituric acid with soporific and
hypnotic effect
-mal-, -nal- soporific (inducing sleep)
-som(n)-, -son-, (dream) hypnotic
-hypn-, -ipn-
-dorm- (to sleep) soporific (somniferous)
-nox-, -noct- (night) somniferous
-раx-, -рас- (peace) somniferous
Psychotropic, antidepressant drugs
sedatives (relaxing without sleep)
-sed-
-relax- relaxing
tranqulizers (calming and quieting)
-stress-, -tran(qu)-
-azin- derivatives of Phenothiazin
-azepam- derivatives of Benzodiazepin
Antiseptic, antimicrobic, antiviral drugs
-sulfa- antimicrobic sulfonamides
-sept-, -micr- antiseptic (inhibiting the growth of infectious agents)
-vir- antiviral (opposing a virus, weakening or abolishing its
action)
-cid-, -bact- antibacterial (bactericidal - destructive to or
preventing the growth of bacteria)
-io – (iodine) iodine-containing agents used as
1) inhibiting the growth of infectious agents,
2) for X-ray as a diagnostic drug
Vitamins
-vit-
Cholagogics
-chol-, -bil-, -col- promoting the flow of bile
Laxatives
-lax-, -pur(g)-
Anthelminthics
-verm-, -helm(int)-, -elm- destroying or expelling intertinal worms
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Diuretics
-ur-, diur- promoting the excretion of urine
Diagnostic Drugs
-gnost- (knowledge)
-trast- (contrast) medical substances used for roentgenography
-graph-, -graf- (X-ray and radiography)
-vid-; -vis- (vision)
-io (iodine)
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APPENDIX 3
MEDICINAL PLANTS
Lily of the valley (lily-of-the-valley)

Convallaria majalis
Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis /ˌkɒnvəˈleɪriə məˈdʒeɪlɪs/), sometimes written lily-of-
the-valley, is a highly poisonous woodland flowering plant with sweetly scented, pendent, bell-
shaped white flowers borne in sprays in spring.
All parts of the plant are highly poisonous, including the red berries which may be
attractive to children.If ingested – even in small amounts – the plant can cause abdominal pain,
vomiting, reduced heart rate, blurred vision, drowsiness, and red skin rashes.
Valerian (herb)
Valeriana
Valerian is a medicinal plant. Traditionally, Valerian roots are brewed in the form of tea or
taken orally for the purpose of sedation. Usually it is used as a sedative to reduce anxiety and
anxiety. Crude extract of valerian root may have sedative and anxiolytic effects, and is commonly
sold in dietary supplement capsules to promote sleep.
Valerian is most often used to treat insomnia. It can be considered an alternative treatment for
hyonotic drugs. It is also sometimes used as an alternative for sedatives, such as benzodiazepines
in the treatment of certain anxiety disorders.
83
Rhubarb
Rheum officinale
Medicinal rhubarb (Rheum officinale BAILL.), a fragrant herb that grows wild in Eastern
Tibet and is often cultivated as a medicinal plant. Stems up to 2 m tall and leaves up to 1.25 m
long.
Astringent, tonic, stomachic, aperient. In large doses, Rhubarb powder acts as a simple and safe
purgative, being regarded as one of the most valuable remedies we possess, effecting a brisk,
healthy purge, without clogging the bowels and producing constipation, too often consequent upon
the use of the more active purgatives. It is especially useful in cases of diarrhoea, caused by an
irritating body in the intestines: the cause of irritation is removed and the after-astringent action
checks the diarrhoea.
Chamomile
Chamomila
Chamomile has long been used since ancient times for its medicinal and health benefits.
Chamomile is considered to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anodyne,
carminative, diaphoretic, laxative, stomachic, sedative and tonic properties. It has calming and
soothing properties. It is used for nervousness, headaches, anxiety, and hysteria. Chamomile also
soothes and calms stomach and is often recommended for various digestive problems: it helps
relieve abdominal pain and is commonly used in treatment of indigestion, gastritis, excessive gas,
abdominal bloating, colic, hernia, peptic ulcer. Chamomile tea is also useful in easing menstrual
pain, treating hay fever and asthma. Used externally, it soothes the skin, helps in cases of various
allergies, sore skin and eczema.
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Peppermint
Mentha piperita
The plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. Peppermint oil
is under preliminary research for its potential as a short-term treatment for irritable bowel
syndrome, and has supposed uses in traditional medicine for minor ailments. Peppermint oil and
leaves have a cooling effect when used topically for muscle pain, nerve pain, relief from itching,
or as a fragrance. High oral doses of peppermint oil (500 mg) can cause mucosal irritation and
mimic heartburn.
The essential oil of peppermint is used widely as flavor agent in soft drinks, ice creams,
toothpastes, tobacco products etc. Peppermint essential oil is also widely used in the
Pharmaceutical and Personal Health Care industries. Peppermint leaves are added as fresh in
cocktails and various dishes. Peppermint tea has also become very popular during the last two
decades, due to its digestive, antispasmodic and stress relieving properties.
Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial

herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, and
eggplant (aubergine). The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing
tropane alkaloids. These toxins include atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which cause
delirium and hallucinations, and are also used as pharmaceutical anticholinergics.
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Hawthorn
Crataegus
Hawthorn is used in candies and beverages due to its sweet and tart flavor. Besides its
culinary uses, it is used in China and India for medicinal uses as a digestive aid and boost
cardiovascular health. Hawthorn possess numerous health benefits including lower anxiety,
regulation of blood pressure, promote digestion, prevent heart, lower chest pains, promote
respiratory health, promote digestion, treatment for intestinal infections, enhance mood and skin
health as well as its appearance.
Hawthorn is used for diseases of the heart and blood vessels such as congestive heart
failure (CHF), chest pain, and irregular heartbeat. It is also used to treat both low blood pressure
and high blood pressure. Hawthorn is also used to treat tapeworm and other intestinal infections.
Some people apply hawthorn to the skin for boils, sores, and ulcers. Hawthorn preparations are
used as a wash for sores, itching, and frostbite.
Marsh-mallow
Althaea officinalis
The leaves, flowers and the root of A. officinalis (marshmallow) have been used in
traditional herbal medicine. This use is reflected in the name of the genus, which comes from the
Greek ἄλθειν (althein), meaning "to heal". The flowers and young leaves can be eaten, and are
often added to salads or are boiled and fried. The roots and stem also secrete mucilage, which is
used to soften the skin, and is used in cosmetic treatments.
Marshmallow was traditionally used as relief for irritation of mucous membranes,
including use as a gargle for mouth and throat ulcers and gastric ulcers. In Russia, the root syrup is
sold without a prescription by pharmacies, with intent to treat minor respiratory ailments.
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Liquorice
Glycyrrhiza
Liquorice (British English) or licorice (American English) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra
from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. Liquorice root is an excellent demulcent and a mild
relaxant, and is very helpful in cases of coughs, colds, bronchial irritations, menstrual disorders,
allergic disorders, asthma, depression caused by hormonal imbalance, emphysema, hypoglycemia,
eczema, herpes etc.
Liquorice extracts have been used in herbalism and traditional medicine. Excessive
consumption of liquorice (more than 2 mg/kg/day of pure glycyrrhizinic acid, a liquorice
component) may result in adverse effects, such as hypokalemia, increased blood pressure, and
muscle weakness.
Stinging nettle
Urtica dioica
The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and
textile raw material in ancient societies. Urtica dioica produces its inflammatory effect on skin
(stinging, burning sensation often called "contact urticaria") both by impaling the skin via spicules
– causing mechanical irritation – and by biochemical irritants, such as histamine, serotonin, and
choline, among other chemicals. Anti-itch drugs, usually in the form of creams containing
antihistamines or hydrocortisone, may provide relief from nettle dermatitis. The term, contact
urticaria, has a wider use in dermatology, involving dermatitis caused by various skin irritants and
pathogens. Dock leaves are a traditional remedy for the sting of nettles, and suitable larger docks
often grow conveniently in similar habitats to nettles.
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Spring adonis
Adonis vernalis
Adonis vernalis, known variously as pheasant's eye, spring pheasant's eye, yellow
pheasant's eye and false hellebore, is a perennial flowering plant. The plant is poisonous,
containing cardiostimulant compounds, such as adonidin and aconitic acid. Infusions of the plant
are used in the medicine Bekhterev's mixture. The leaves and/or tops of spring adonis contain a
number of biologically active compounds, including cardioactive glycosides that benefit the heart.
The plant parts are dried and made into extracts or tinctures whose principal use has been to
regulate the heartbeat (the species’ alternate common name, false hellebore, refers to a different
genus of plants in the buttercup family with a similar use). But don’t even think of growing this
(or any other) herb to make your own heart medicine; cardiac disorders require professional
diagnosis and treatment. One adverse effect of using spring adonis internally is sudden paralysis of
the heart.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
Achillea millefolium has seen historical use as in traditional medicine, often because of its
astringent effects. The herb is purported to be a diaphoretic, astringent, tonic, stimulant and mild
aromatic. It contains isovaleric acid, salicylic acid, asparagine, sterols, and flavonoids. The genus
name Achilles is derived from mythical Greek character, Achilles, who reportedly carried it with
his army to treat battle wounds. This medicinal use is also reflected in some of the common names
mentioned below, such as staunchweed and soldier's woundwort.
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Foxglove
Digitalis
Digitalis (/ˌdɪdʒɪˈteɪlɪs/ or /ˌdɪdʒɪˈtælɪs/) is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous

perennials, shrubs, and biennials commonly called foxgloves. The term digitalis is also used for
drug preparations that contain cardiac glycosides, particularly one called digoxin, extracted from
various plants of this genus. Foxglove has medicinal uses but can also be toxic to humans and
other animals. A group of medicines extracted from foxglove plants are called digitalin. The use of
D. purpurea extract containing cardiac glycosides for the treatment of heart conditions was first
described in the English-speaking medical literature by William Withering, in 1785, which is
considered the beginning of modern therapeutics. It is used to increase cardiac contractility (it is a
positive inotrope) and as an antiarrhythmic agent to control the heart rate, particularly in the
irregular (and often fast) atrial fibrillation. Digitalis is hence often prescribed for patients in atrial
fibrillation, especially if they have been diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Digoxin was
approved for heart failure in 1998 under current regulations by the Food and Drug Administration
on the basis of prospective, randomized study and clinical trials. It was also approved for the
control of ventricular response rate for patients with atrial fibrillation.
Plantain
Plantago
Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of small, inconspicuous plants commonly called
plantains or fleaworts. Plantago species have been used since prehistoric times as herbal remedies.
The herb is astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, as well as
demulcent, expectorant, styptic and diuretic. Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect
bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores, and boils. Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as
a tea, tincture, or syrup.
89
Calendula
The genus name Calendula is a modern Latin diminutive of calendae, meaning "little
calendar", "little clock" or possibly "little weather-glass". Romans and Greeks used the golden
calendula in many rituals and ceremonies, sometimes wearing crowns or garlands made from the
flowers. One of its nicknames is "Mary's Gold," referring to the flowers' use in early Catholic
events in some countries. Calendula flowers are sacred flowers in India and have been used to
decorate the statues of Hindu deities since early times. Calendula ointments are skin products
available for use on minor cuts, burns, and skin irritation; however, evidence of their effectiveness
is weak. Calendula oil is still used medicinally. The oil of C. officinalis is used as an anti-
inflammatory and a remedy for healing wounds. Plant pharmacological studies have suggested
that Calendula extracts have antiviral, antigenotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. In
herbalism, Calendula in suspension or in tincture is used topically for treating acne, reducing
inflammation, controlling bleeding, and soothing irritated tissue. Limited evidence indicates
Calendula cream or ointment is effective in treating radiation dermatitis.
Wormwood
Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) is a herbaceous perennial plant with fibrous roots. As

medicine, it is used for dyspepsia, as a bitter to counteract poor appetite, for various infectious
diseases, Crohn's disease, and IgA nephropathy. In the Middle Ages, wormwood was used to spice
mead, and in Morocco it is used with tea, called sheeba. In 18th century England, wormwood was
sometimes used instead of hops in beer.
90
Sage
Salvia
All species of this genus are aromatic; some of them entered the culture as drugs, such
asSalvia (Salvia officinalis).Various properties of essential oils in different species of sage and
their possible applications have not been studied. The best known is Clary.
Sage leaf extract reduces anxiety in clinical trial. Sage used to treat Alzheimer's Disease.
Clary sage essential oil, but not lavender essential oil, reduces stress during urodynamic
examinations. Fresh sage extract shows promise for alleviation of menopausal symptoms.
Kalanchoe
These plants are cultivated as ornamental houseplants and rock or succulent garden plants.
Kalanchoe species have been used to treat ailments such as infections, rheumatism and
inflammation. Kalanchoe extracts also have immunosuppressive effects. Kalanchoe, pinnata has
been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago as being used as a traditional treatment for hypertension.
91
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE:
1. Латинский язык: учебное пособие / Т.Л. Бухарина, В.Ф. Новодранова, Т.В. Михина. –
М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015 – 496 с.
2. Медицинская латынь: пособие по латинскому языку для студентов факультета
иностранных учащихся с английским языком обучения / Д.К. Кондратьев, А.М. Рябова;
под общей редакцией Д.К. Кондратьева. – Гродно: ГрГМУ, 2011. –284 с.
REFERENCES:
3. Латинский язык = The Latin Language: учеб.-метод. пособие/ А. З. Цисык. – Минск:

БГМУ, 2013. – 168 с.
4. Бахрушина Л.А. Латинско-русский и русско-латинский словарь наиболее
употребительных анатомических терминов: учебное пособие / Под ред. В.Ф.
Новодрановой. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014 – 116 с.
5. Сборник тестовых заданий по латинскому языку и основам медицинской терминологии
для иностранных студентов лечебного факультета (на английском языке). Т.А.
Костромина, Т.А. Гладилина – Курск: КГМУ, 2012 - 104 с.
6. Бухарина Т.Л., Иванова Е.А., Михина Т.В., Заболотная С.Г., Коровина И.А.
Руководство по формированию профессиональной направленности студента-медика в
условиях билингвизма. – Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2006. – 243 с.
7. Новодранова В.Ф., Бухарина Т.Л. Латинский язык и основы медицинской
терминологии. (Логико-дидактические схемы, тесты, эталоны ответов). Екатеринбург:
УрО РАН, 2005. - 171 с.
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федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное

учреждение высшего образования

кафедра иностранных языков

ОСНОВЫ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ

Учебное пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов

Данное учебное пособие является практическим курсом по формированию основ

Пособие составлено с учетом требований федерального государственного

УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111

The Department of foreign languages

BASICS OF PARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY

Study guide for foreign students

Study guide is a practical course of basics of the international language of communication

УДК 811.124’06 (075.8) = 111

№/№ Theme Pages

On сompleting this course the students will be able to

Pharmaceutical Terminology is the terminology used in PHARMACY (the word derives

To Latin pharmaceutical terms belong:

BASIC PHARMACEUTICAL CONCEPTS

RULES FOR CAPITALIZATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS

NOT CAPITALIZED are:

However, you should memorize that every pharmaceutical term is traditionally

PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Latin English Description

Names of pharmaceutical dosage forms

1. NAME THE SOLID DOSAGE FORMS:

2. NAME THE SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS:

3. NAME THE LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS:

4. A MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

5. A DOSAGE FORM PREPARED BY DISSOLVING THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

6. A DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM THAT IS INSERTED INTO THE RECTUM:

7. A COMPRESSED SOLID DOSAGE FORM CONTAINING MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES:

8. A FLUID PREPARED BY BOILING OF HERBAL OR PLANT MATERIAL

9. ORAL DOSAGE FORM CONSISTING OF A SHELL AND A FILLING:

10. AN ORAL SOLUTION CONTAINING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SUCROSE

Pharmaceutical terms may be:

SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS

Memorize the common stems as follows:

# Stem Definition, English spelling Latin English

1. -aesthes- anesthetics (drugs that cause Anaesthesīnum anaesthesin

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS

One should remember that names of trees are always feminine:

Exercise 3. Translate from Latin into English:

MEMORIZE some rules:

Exercise 4. Translate from English into Latin.

Names of plant parts

1. Convallotoxinum - lily of the valley (Convallaria)

Exercise 4. Translate from Latin into English.

herba Hyperĭci folia Helianthi flores Chamomillae

Extractum Valerianae Tinctura Aloës Sirupus Rosae

Exercise 5. Translate from English into Latin.

TEST. COMMON STEMS

2. ANTIBIOTICS, PRODUCED BY FUNGI:

3. ANTIPYRETICS (drugs that reduce fever)

6. ANTIBIOTICS (TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVES):

10. CARDIAC (FOR HEART DISEASES):

Historically, physicians use Latin words and abbreviations in a prescription. In many

1. Inscriptio – the name of medical establishment (stamp) and code

BASIC RULES FOR PRESCRIPTION WRITING

Take: Liquid extract of aloe Recĭpe: Extracti Aloёs fluĭdi

what? the dose (in Accusativus)

 The quantity of semisolid or solid ingredients is always indicated in grams:

 The quantity of liquid ingredients is indicated in milliliters or drops:

 in milliliters – 10 ml, e.g.: