Ex 2.

Find the English equivalents from the text to match these Russian
phrases:
1. Укреплять сотрудничество - to strength(en) cooperation
2. Улучшать экономическую интеграцию - to increas economic
integration
3. В соответствии с договором - Under the Treaty
4. Быть выданным – be granted to/ be enhanced to
5. Быть облегчённым/упрощённым – be relaxed
6. До/перед – Prior
7. Состоять из - to composed of
8. Упоминаться как - called
9. Объединяться – (to) set up
10. Принятие решений - Decision-making
11. Управляться - to manage
12. Высшая судебная инстанция - the final arbiter (The Court of Justice)
13. Служить в качестве – to serve(s) as
14. Вносить предложения в политику - makes policy proposals
15. Распоряжаться фондами – to manage funds
16. Оказывать помощь - to deliver aid
17. Встречи на высшем уровне - Summit meetings
18. Созываться – (are) to be called
19. Председательствовать – to hold the presidency
20. Главы государств – the heads of state
21. Быть учреждённым/введённым – be instituted
22. Избираться напрямую - directly elected
23. Получить влияние – to gain(ed) influence
24. Распределяться - to allotted
25. Пересматривать законодательство - to review legislation
26. Вносить (поправки) – to propose/make amendments
27. Заблокировать предложение – to make/may veto
28. Отвергать – to reject
 29. Играть роль советника – (to) take on advisory role
30. Назначаться – to/are/be appoint(ed)
31. Иметь строго рекомендательный характер – (to) have a strictly
advisory role
32. Быть обязанным – be / are obligated
33. Сблизить с гражданами - to bring closer to its citizens
34. Дать право участвовать в управлении - to give a voice in
government
35. Разбирать споры – to deal with disputes
36. Устанавливать прецеденты – to set precedents
37. Правовые рамки - legal framework
Ex 3. Answer the questions using the vocabulary from Ex.2:
1. European supranational organization is dedicated to increasing
economic integration and strengthening cooperation among its member
states.
2. The European Union was established on November 1, 1993,
when the Treaty on European Union, or Treaty of Maastricht, was ratified by
the 12 members of the European Community (EC) - Belgium, Denmark,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.
3. Under the Treaty on European Union, European citizenship was
granted to citizens of each member state. The European citizenship was
officially established with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty on
November 7, 1991. The treaty came into effect on November 1, 1993,
granting European Union citizenship to citizens of each member state.
4. Customs and immigration agreements were enhanced to allow
European citizens greater freedom to live, work, or study in any of the
member states, and border controls were relaxed. A goal of establishing a
common European currency (European monetary union) was set for 1997.
 5. Prior to November 1993, the European Union was called the
European Community. The EC was composed of what originally were three
separate organizations: the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),
created in 1951; and the European Economic Community (EEC, often
referred to as the Common Market) and the European Atomic Energy
Commission (Euratom), both set up in 1957.
6. In 1967 three institutions have merged, creating the EC and
establishing headquarters in Brussels.
7. Decision-making in the EU is divided between supranational
European institutions and the governments of the member states
8. The European Commission and the European Parliament are
administered by the EU
9. The European Commission serves as the executive branch of
the EU. It makes policy proposals and presents them to the Council of
Ministers. The European Commission also represents the EU in economic
relations with other countries or international organizations.
10. The administrative role of the commission is to manage EC
funds and programmes and to deliver aid to other countries.
11. The Council of Ministers, the main law-making body of the EU,
is composed of cabinet ministers from the member governments. The
council is aided by the Committee of Permanent Representatives, which is
comprised of the permanent representatives (or ambassadors) of each
member state. Summit meetings among the top leaders of the member states
are called at least once every six months by the country holding the
presidency of the Council of Ministers. The EU Council of Ministers, also
known as the Council of the European Union, is convened on a regular
basis.
12. Meeting of heads of state and government is called the
European Council.
 13. The 567 seats are allotted based on the population of each
member state.
14. Individual committees of the European Parliament review
legislation proposed by the European Commission. These committees often
propose amendments to the legislation before submitting it to the Council of
Ministers.
15. The Economic and Social Committee is one of the most
important of these bodies. Its 189 members are appointed to four-year terms
by the Council of Members to represent employer and employee groups, as
well as other interest groups. The committee has a strictly advisory role, but
the Council of Ministers and the European Commission are obligated to
consult the committee on many legislative issues.
16. The Committee of the Regions, created by the Treaty on
European Union to bring the EU closer to its citizens and to give regional
and local authorities a voice in government. The committee has 189
members that are allocated based on the population of each country.
17. The final arbiter in all matters of EU law is the Court of Justice.
18. The court deals with disputes between member governments
and EU institutions and among EU institutions, and with appeals against EC
rulings or decisions. Courts of the member states often refer cases involving
an unclear point of EU law to the Court of Justice. The court makes binding
rulings on EU law to help guide the rulings of national courts. The rulings of
the Court of Justice set legal precedents and become part of the legal
framework of each member state.
Ex 4. Complete the sentences using the active vocabulary:
1. The European Union is dedicated to increasing economic integration
and strengthening cooperation among its member states.
2. The European Union was established on November 1, 1993, when the
Treaty on European Union, European citizenship was granted to citizens of each
member state.
 3. Customs and immigration agreements were enhanced to allow
European citizens greater freedom to live, work, or study in any of the member
states, and border controls were relaxed.
4. The European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic
Community and the European Atomic Energy Commission both set up in 1957.
The three institutions merged in 1967, creating the EC and establishing
headquarters in Brussels.
5. The Council of Ministers, the main law-making body of the EU, is
composed of cabinet ministers from the member governments.
6. The meeting of heads of state and government is called the European
Council, which became an official part of the EC structure in 1987.
7. The European Parliament is the only body of the EU whose members
are directly elected by the citizens of its member states.
8. The main body meets in Strasbourg, though most of its committee
work is done in Brussels and the secretariat is based in Luxembourg. The 567 seats
are allotted based on the population of each member state.
9. The members of the Economic and Social Committee, one of the most
important of these bodies, its 189 members are appointed to four-year terms by the
Council of Members.
10. The 189 members of the Committee of the Regions are allocated
based on the population of each country.
11. The rulings of the Court of Justice set legal precedents and become
part of the legal framework of each member state.