Tense Forms

The Tenses of the Verb

Глава 1: Формы времени в английском языке

 В английском языке у глагола есть 16 форм времени.

 Как в русском и азербайджанском языках, в английском языке есть прошедшее, настоящее и
будущее времена.
 Кроме них есть 4 смысловые категории:
1. Simple – обозначает простое действие:
I studied in Israel. – Я учился в Израиле.

2. Continuous – обозначает продолжительное действие:

I was playing football at 5 o’clock yesterday. – Я вчера в 5 часов вечера играл в футбол.

3. Perfect – обозначает законченное действие (есть его результат):

I have lost my keys. – Я потерял свои ключи.

4. Perfect Continuous – обозначает продолжительное совершенное действие:

We have been waiting here for two hours. – Мы ждали здесь два часа.

 В каждой категории есть своё настоящее, прошедшее и будущее время:

Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

 Кроме того, есть свойственная английскому языку категория Future in the Past:

Future Simple in the Past Future Perfect in the Past

Future Continuous in the Past Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

 Не бойтесь! Для экзамена не нужны все времена глагола :)

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Глава 2: The Present Simple (Indefinite)

Present Simple – чтобы образовать эту форму времени, нужно убрать частичку “to” у
инфинитива. Только в III лице ед.числа (he/she/it) глагол при этом принимает суффикс –s (es). В
остальных случаях глагол остается в том же виде:
I play football. We play football
You play football. You play football.
He / she plays football. They play football.

Present Simple – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательного глагола

“do” до подлежащего.
Только в III лице ед.числа (he/she/it) используется “does” и окончание – s (es) глагола
откидывается:
Do I play football? Do we play football?
Do you play football? Do you play football?
Does he / she play football? Do they play football?

Present Simple – отрицательная форма образуется с помощью частички “not”, она добавляется к
вспомогательным глаголам “do, does” и идет после подлежащего (после “does” окончание s(es)):
I don’t play football. We don’t play football
Примечание:
You don’t play football. You don’t play football.
do not = don’t
He / she doesn’t play football. They don’t play football.
does not = doesn’t

Указатели времени:
1. He always plays computer games after school. always всегда
2. I eat sweets every day. every day каждый день
3. Mary often forgets his keys on the table. often часто
4. We usually spend our weekend outside. usually обычно
5. Sometimes my granny doesn’t sleep at night. sometimes иногда
6. We seldom see him after his work. seldom иногда (редко)
7. Lola rarely visits her relatives. rarely редко
8. You never go to theatre with me. never никогда
9. They attend those classes once a week. once a week раз в неделю
10. She takes her medicine twice a day. twice a day два раза в день
11. They go to the seaside three times a year. three times a year три раза в год

Применение:
1. Действия, происходящие регулярно:
He never goes to gym. – Он никогда не ходит в спортивный зал.
We always have fun together. – Мы всегда веселимся вместе.
2. Известные всем факты из природы и физики:
Magnet attracts iron. – Магнит притягивает железо.
It snows in winter. – Зимой идет снег.
3. Действия, происходящие по определенному графику, расписанию.:
The train leaves at 17:00. – Поезд отъезжает в 17:00.
Their classes end at 19:00. – Их уроки заканчиваются в 19:00.

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Глава 3: The Past Simple (Indefinite)

Past Simple – по образованию этой формы времени глаголы делятся на две группы:
1. Правильные глаголы (Regular Verbs)
2. Неправильные глаголы (Irregular Verbs)
Прошедшее время правильных глаголов образуется добавлением окончания “ed” к глаголу:
to earn – earned
to enjoy – enjoyed
Прошедшее время неправильных глаголов образуется изменением глагола в корне:
to see – saw
to go – went

I played football. We played football

You played football. You played football.
He / she played football. They played football.

Past Simple – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательного глагола "did"

до подлежащего и формой инфинитива глагола (без частички to):
Did I play football? Did we play football?
Did you play football? Did you play football?
Did he / she play football? Did they play football?

Past Simple – отрицательная форма образуется с помощью частички “not”, она добавляется к
вспомогательному глаголу "did" (оба идут после подлежащего) и формой инфинитива глагола
(без частички to):
I didn’t play football. We didn’t play football Примечание:
You didn’t play football. You didn’t play football. did not = didn’t
He / she didn’t play football. They didn’t play football.

Указатели времени:
1. Yesterday they played on the yard. yesterday вчера
2. We wrote an essay last week. last week на прошлой неделе
3. This girl had an accident two days ago. ago … назад
4. Victoria bought a house in 1989. in 1989 в 1989-ом году
5. I played a lot of games in my childhood. in my childhood в моем детстве
6. She came the day before yesterday. the day before yesterday позавчера

Применение:
1. Действия, совершенные в определенное указанное время в прошлом:
My mom called me two hours ago. – Моя мама позвонила мне два часа назад.

Used to + V1 – данная конструкция используется, когда речь идет о действиях (привычках),

которые имели место раньше, но больше не происходят в настоящем.
Ben used to travel a lot. – Бен раньше часто путешествовал.
Did Ben use to travel a lot?
Ben didn’t use to travel a lot.

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Глава 4: The Future Simple (Indefinite)

Future Simple – образуется с помощью вспомогательных глаголов “shall”, “will” и формой

инфинитива глагола (без частички to):

I
shall
We
Другие
will
лица

I shall play football. We shall play football

You will play football. You will play football.
He / she will play football. They will play football.

Future Simple – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных глаголов

“shall, will” до подлежащего и формой инфинитива глагола (без частички to):
Shall I play football? Shall we play football?
Will you play football? Will you play football?
Will he / she play football? Will they play football?

Future Simple – отрицательная форма образуется с помощью частички “not”, она добавляется к
вспомогательным глаголам “shall, will” (идут после подлежащего) и формой инфинитива глагола
(без частички to):
Примечание:
I shan’t play football. We shan’t play football
shall + not = shan’t
You won’t play football. You won’t play football.
will + not = won’t
He / she won’t play football. They won’t play football.

Указатели времени:
1. Tomorrow they will come from Moscow. tomorrow завтра
2. I shall celebrate my birthday the day after tomorrow. the day after tomorrow послезавтра
3. Shall we go to the theatre next week? next week на следующей
неделе
4. She will be back in a month. in a month через месяц
5. Harley Davidson will present a new motorbike soon. soon скоро

Применение:
1. Действия, которые произойдут/реализуются в будущем:
He will return in three hours. – Он вернётся через три часа.

Для того чтобы описать действия, которые произойдут в ближайшем будущем, или планируются
в будущем, используется "to be going to". Также используется в значении «намереваться
сделать что-либо»:
I am going to learn French. – Я собираюсь изучать французский.
She is going to write a poem. – Она собирается написать стихотворение.
Are you going to help them? – Вы собираетесь им помогать?

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Test yourself

1. Choose the correct tense form. 2. Choose the correct tense form.
She usually … her mother to do Jane … her leg five days ago, during the
housework. basketball match.
A. help A. hurt
B. helps B. hurts
C. doesn’t helps C. hurted
D. is help D. has hurt
E. has help E. is hurting

3. Choose the correct tense form. 4. Choose the correct tense form.
Mr. Smith … to London next month for the … he … to participate in yesterday’s
price negotiation of the imported goods. meeting?
A. will travel A. Didn’t … wanted
B. travels B. Did … want
C. shall travel C. Did … wants
D. travelled D. Didn’t … wants
E. travel E. Did … wanted

5. Choose the correct tense form. 6. Choose the correct tense form.
The Moon is the only natural satellite of ... he ... his grandfather once a month?
the Earth and ... around it. A. Doesn’t ... visits
A. turns B. Don’t ... visits
B. turned C. Don’t ... visit
C. is turning D. Doesn’t ... visit
D. has turned E. Does ... visits
E. was turning

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Глава 5: The Present Continuous

Present Continuous – образуется с помощью форм настоящего

времени вспомогательного глагола "to be" – “am, is, are” и
основного глагола в форме причастия в настоящем времени: I am
am/ is/ are + Ving He
She is
I am playing football. We are playing football. It
You are playing football. You are playing football.
We
He / she is playing football. They are playing football.
You are
They
I am
Present Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных
He Is
глаголов "am, is, are" до подлежащего: She
Am I playing football? Are we playing football? It
Are you playing football? Are you playing football? We are
Is he / she playing football? Are they playing football? You
They

Present Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется

добавлением частички "not" к вспомогательным глаголам "am,
is, are": am + not -
I am not playing football. We aren’t playing football.
You aren’t playing football. You aren’t playing football. is + not isn’t
He / she isn’t playing football. They aren’t playing football.
are + not aren’t

Указатели времени:
1. George isn’t working at the moment. at the moment в данный момент
2. They aren’t swimming in the pool now. now сейчас
3. Jane is studying at present. at present сейчас
4. I am still waiting. still всё ещё

Применение:
1. Действия, происходящие во время разговора, или просто продолжающиеся в данный
момент:
My mother is cooking in the kitchen. – Мама готовит еду на кухне.

Запомни!
После повелительных предложений (“Look!”, “ Listen!”) используется Present Continuous:
Look! He is coming.
Listen! Somebody is singing.

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Глава 6: The Past Continuous

Past Continuous – образуется с помощью форм прошедшего

времени вспомогательного глагола "to be" – “was, were” и
I
основного глагола в форме причастия в настоящем времени:
was / were + Ving He
was
She
I was playing football. We were playing football. It
You were playing football. You were playing football. We
He / she was playing football. They were playing football. You are
They

I am
He Is глаголов
Past Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных
"was, were" до подлежащего: She
Was I playing football? Were we playing football? It
Were you playing football? Were you playing football? We are
Was he / she playing football? Were they playing football? You
They

Past Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением

частички "not" к вспомогательным глаголам "was, were":
I wasn’t playing football. We weren’t playing football. was+ not wasn’t
You weren’t playing football. You weren’t playing football.
He / she wasn’t playing football. They weren’t playing football. were + not weren’t

Указатели времени:
1. He was eating an apple pie at that time yesterday. at that time yesterday вчера в это время
2. I was reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday. at 5 o’clock yesterday вчера в 5 часов
3. Jane was playing from 5 to 6 yesterday. from 5 to 6 yesterday вчера с 5-ти до 6-ти

Применение:
1. Действия, происходящие в прошлом в течение определенного промежутка времени:
I was talking to you at 5 o’clock yesterday. – Я с тобой разговаривал вчера в 5 часов.
I was working when you came yesterday. – Я работал, когда вы пришли вчера.

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Глава 7: The Future Continuous

Future Continuous – образуется с помощью форм будущего

времени вспомогательного глагола "to be" – “shall be, will be” и
I
основного глагола в форме причастия в настоящем времени: shall be
shall be / will be + Ving We
You
I shall be playing football. We shall be playing football. He
You will be playing football. You will be playing football. She will be
He / she will be playing football. They will be playing football. It
They

I am
He Is
Future Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных
глаголов "shall, will" до подлежащего: She
Shall I be playing football? Shall we be playing football? It
Will you be playing football? Will you be playing football? We are
Will he / she be playing football? Will they be playing football? You
They

Future Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется

добавлением частички "not" к вспомогательным глаголам "shall, shall + not be shan’t be
will":
I shan’t be playing football. We shan’t be playing football. will + not be won’t be
You won’t be playing football. You won’t be playing football.
He / she won’t be playing football. They won’t be playing football.

Указатели времени:
1. Tomorrow at 2 o’clock they will be coming. tomorrow at 2 o’clock завтра в 2 часа
2. They will be playing from 5 to 6 tomorrow. from 5 to 6 tomorrow завтра с 5-ти до 6-ти

Применение:
Действия, которые будут происходить в будущем на протяжении определенного времени:
Sandra will be packing the presents at 2 o’clock tomorrow.
Сандра будет упаковывать подарки завтра в 2 часа.

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Глаголы, не используемые в формах Continuous Tense Forms:
Глаголы эмоционального состояния
 to wish – желать
 to desire – желать
 to want – хотеть
 to envy – завидовать
 to hate – ненавидеть
 to like – нравиться
 to love – любить
 to prefer – отдавать предпочтение
 to fear – бояться
 to need – нуждаться
 to satisfy – удовлетворять
 to seem – казаться
Глаголы ощущений
 to hear – слышать
 to see – видеть
 to taste – пробовать
 to smell – нюхать
 to feel – чувствовать
Tense Forms
Глаголы мыслительной деятельности
 to believe – верить
 to deny – отрицать
 to doubt – сомневаться
 to expect – ожидать
 to forget – забывать
 to know – знать
 to recognize – узнавать
 to remember – запоминать
 to respect – уважать
 to suppose – предполагать
 to think – думать
 to understand – понимать
Глаголы принадлежности и поведения
 to be – быть
 to consist – состоять
 to belong – принадлежать, относиться
 to contain – включать в себя
 to have – иметь
 to include – включать
 to possess – обладать
 to own – обладать
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 Tense Forms

Test yourself

1. Choose the correct tense form. 2. Choose the correct tense form.
He … to fix the flat tire of his brother’s - What are the men doing there?
bicycle at the moment. - They … chess.
A. tries A. were playing
B. is trying B. played
C. tried C. play
D. will try D. will play
E. was trying E. are playing

3. Choose the correct tense form. 4. Choose the correct tense form.
The students … the solution to the Don’t make a noise! The baby … in the
problem at this time yesterday. cradle.
A. discuss A. was sleeping
B. discussed B. is sleeping
C. were discussing C. will sleep
D. are discussing D. sleeps
E. will discuss E. slept

5. Choose the correct tense form. 6. Choose the correct tense form.
Don’t phone me tomorrow at three o’clock. … you … TV at that time tomorrow?
I … my English homework. A. Will … watch
A. shall be doing B. Do … watch
B. will do C. Have … watched
C. do D. Will … be watching
D. did E. Shall … watch
E. am doing

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Глава 8: The Present Perfect

Present Perfect – образуется с помощью форм настоящего
времени вспомогательного глагола “to have” – “have, has” и I
основного глагола в форме причастия в прошедшем времени: We
have
have / has + V3 You
They
I have played football. We have played football. He
You have played football. You have played football. She has
He / she has played football. They have played football.
It

I am
Present Perfect – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных
He Is глаголов
"have, has" до подлежащего: She
Have I played football? Have we played football? It
Have you played football? Have you played football? We are
Has he / she played football? Have they played football? You
They

Present Perfect – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением

частички "not" к вспомогательным глаголам "have, has": have + not haven’t
I haven’t played football. We haven’t played football.
You haven’t played football. You haven’t played football. has + not hasn’t
He / she hasn’t played football. They haven’t played football.

Указатели времени:
1. Have you ever been in London? ever когда-либо
2. I have never seen this movie. never никогда
3. We have just come home. just только
4. I’ve already been here for a week. already уже
5. He has not finished his work yet. yet еще
6. He has written many books lately. lately в последнее время
7. He has made good progress recently. recently в последнее время
8. He has read all the books by Nizami by now. by now до сих пор
9. I have learned Spanish since summer. since с
10. They haven’t eaten for two days. for в течение

Применение:
1. Действия, завершенные в прошлом, результат которых перед глазами в настоящем:
Our parents have bought a new house. – Наши родители купили новый дом.
2. Действия, совершенные в еще не завершенный промежуток времени. Незавершенный
промежуток времени – это слова "today, this week, this month, this year" и т. п.:
He has bought the book this week. – Он купил книгу на этой неделе.
3. Действия, начатые в определенный момент времени и всё еще продолжающиеся в
настоящем:
We have known each other since 1991. – Мы знаем друг друга с 1991-го года.

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Глава 9: The Past Perfect

Past Perfect – образуется с помощью формы прошедшего времени вспомогательного глагола “to have”
– “had” и основного глагола в форме причастия в прошедшем времени:
had + V3

I had played football. We had played football.

You had played football. You had played football.
He / she had played football. They had played football.

Past Perfect – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательного глагола "had" до

подлежащего:

Had I played football? Had we played football?

Had you played football? Had you played football?
Had he / she played football? Had they played football?

Past Perfect – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением

частички "not" к вспомогательному глаголу "had":
I hadn’t played football. We hadn’t played football.
You hadn’t played football. You hadn’t played football. had + not hadn’t
He / she hadn’t played football. They hadn’t played football.

Указатели времени:
1. He had finished his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday. by 5 o’clock yesterday вчера к 5 часам
2. He had written this letter by that time yesterday. by that time yesterday вчера к этому времени
by the end of last week к концу прошлой
недели
by the end of last year к концу прошлого года

Применение:
1. Действия, начатые в прошлом и завершенные к определенному времени в прошлом:

We had done our work by 3 p.m. yesterday. – Мы завершили нашу работу вчера к 3-м часам.
By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. – К тому времени, когда мы
добрались в кинотеатр, фильм уже начался.

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Глава 10: The Future Perfect

Future Perfect – образуется с помощью формы будущего неопределенного времени
вспомогательного глагола “to have” – “shall have, will have” и основного глагола в форме
причастия в прошедшем времени:
shall have / will have + V3

I shall have played football. We shall have played football.

You will have played football. You will have played football.
He / she will have played football. They will have played football.

Future Perfect – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных глаголов

"shall, will" до подлежащего:
Shall I have played football? Shall we have played football?
Will you have played football? Will you have played football?
Will he / she have played football? Will they have played football?

Future Perfect – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением частички "not" к

вспомогательным глаголам "shall, will":
I shan’t have played football. We shan’t have played football.
You won’t have played football. You won’t have played football.
He / she won’t have played football. They won’t have played football.

Указатели времени:
1. What shall I have done by 5 o’clock tomorrow? by 5 o’clock tomorrow завтра до 5-ти часов
by that time tomorrow к этому времени
завтра
by the end of this month к концу этого месяца
by the end of this term к концу этого
семестра
by the end of next week к концу следующей
недели

Применение:
1. Действия, которые начнутся в будущем и завершатся к определенному времени в
будущем:
He will have finished this work by 7 o’clock tomorrow. – Он завершит эту работу к 7-ми часам
завтра.

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Глава 11: The Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous – образуется следующим образом:
have been / has been + Ving

I have been playing football. We have been playing football.

You have been playing football. You have been playing football.
He / she has been playing football. They have been playing football.

Present Perfect Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных

глаголов "have, has" до подлежащего:
Have I been playing football? Have we been playing football?
Have you been playing football? Have you been playing football?
Has he / she been playing football? Have they been playing football?

Present Perfect Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением частички "not" к

вспомогательным глаголам "have, has":
I haven’t been playing football. We haven’t been playing football.
You haven’t been playing football. You haven’t been playing football.
He / she hasn’t been playing football. They haven’t been playing football.

Указатели времени:
1. She has been waiting for you for two hours. for two hours два часа
2. We have been living here since 1980. since 1980 с 1980-го года

Применение:
1. Действия, начатые в определенный момент в прошлом и завершенные к
нынешнему моменту (или всё еще продолжающиеся):
We have been waiting for you since 10 o’clock. – Мы ждали вас с 10-ти часов.

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 Tense Forms

Глава 12: The Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous – образуется следующим образом:
had been + Ving

I had been playing football. We had been playing football.

You had been playing football. You had been playing football.
He / she had been playing football. They had been playing football.

Past Perfect Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательного

глагола "had" до подлежащего:
Had I been playing football? Had we been playing football?
Had you been playing football? Had you been playing football?
Had he / she been playing football? Had they been playing football?

Past Perfect Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением частички "not" к

вспомогательному глаголу "had":
I hadn’t been playing football. We hadn’t been playing football.
You hadn’t been playing football. You hadn’t been playing football.
He / she hadn’t been playing football. They hadn’t been playing football.

Применение:
1. Действие, начатой до определенного момента в прошлом (или до определенного
действия в прошлом) и продолжающиеся до этого момента (действия):
They had been working on the report for two hours when he came. – Они работали над отчетом уже
два часа, когда он пришел.

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 Tense Forms

Глава 13: The Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous – образуется следующим образом:
shall have been / will have been + Ving

I shall have been playing football. We shall have been playing football.
You will have been playing football. You will have been playing football.
He / she will have been playing football. They will have been playing football.

Future Perfect Continuous – вопросительная форма образуется перемещением вспомогательных

глаголов "shall, will" до подлежащего:
Shall I have been playing football? Shall we have been playing football?
Will you have been playing football? Will you have been playing football?
Will he / she have been playing football? Will they have been playing football?

Future Perfect Continuous – отрицательная форма образуется добавлением частички "not" к

вспомогательным глаголам "shall, will":
I shan’t have been playing football. We shan’t have been playing football.
You won’t have been playing football. You won’t have been playing football.
He / she won’t have been playing football. They won’t have been playing football.

Применение:
1. Действия, которые начнутся до определенного момента в будущем и будут
продолжаться до этого момента:
By the next June he will have been living here for ten years. – В следующем июне будет десять лет
как он живет здесь.

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 Tense Forms

Test yourself

1. Choose the correct tense form. 2. Choose the correct tense form.
Will you lend me your pen? I... mine at She … to music since morning.
home and now I have nothing to write A. is listening
with. B. listened
A. have left C. has been listening
B. leave D. will have listened
C. will leave E. will be listening
D. was leaving
E. had left

3. Choose the correct tense form. 4. Choose the correct tense form.
Nancy … a few short stories before she By the time I got there they ... the car for
went to bed. three hours.
A. has read
A. Repair
B. reads
C. will read B. are repairing
D. had read C. have repaired
E. is reading D. have been repairing
E. had been repairing

5. Choose the correct tense form. 6. Choose the correct tense form.
By the next month she … English for six I’m afraid that by next Friday you … up all
months. the paper you have bought.
A. is learning A. will have used
B. learnt B. had used
C. will learn C. have used
D. learns D. used
E. will have been learning E. have been using

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