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Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве
Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве
№ 38
УДК 341.9
DOI: 10.17223/22253513/38/10
Е.П. Войтович
1
Пункт 2 Постановления Пленума Верховного Суда РФ от 09.07.2019 № 24 «О приме-
нении норм международного частного права судами Российской Федерации» // Бюлле-
тень Верховного Суда РФ. 2019. № 10
Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве 105
1
Несомненное лидерство в разработке указанной категории принадлежит кафедре меж-
дународного частного права Московского государственного юридического университе-
та имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА), длительное время возглавляемой Г.К. Дмитриевой.
106 Е.П. Войтович
1
См.: https://sudact.ru/regular/ (дата обращения: 28.03.2020).
2
Решение № 2–5339/2016 2–729/2017 2–729/2017(2–5339/2016;)~М–4598/2016 М–4598/2016
от 06.10.2017 по делу № 2–5339/2016. URL: http:// sudact.ru/regular/ (дата обращения:
28.03.2020).
3
Решение № 2–1688/2013 2–1688/2013~М–1115/2013 М–1115/2013 от 09.12.2013 по
делу № 2–1688/2013. URL: http://sudact.ru/regular/ (дата обращени\: 28.03.2020)
Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве 107
1
Постановление № 5–235/2019 от 18.07.2019 по делу № 5–235/2019; Постановление
№ 5–208/2019 от 27.06.2019 по делу № 5–208/2019; Решение № 7/1–127/2019 от
07.05.2019 по делу № 7/1–127/2019; Постановление № 4А–541/2018 от 21.12.2018 по
делу № 4А– 541/2018; Постановление № 5–342/2018 от 25.10.2018 по делу № 5–
342/2018; Решение
№ 7А–509/2017 от 22.11.2017 по делу № 7А–509/2017; Решение № 7А–220/2017
от 18.05.2017 по делу № 7А–220/2017; Решение № 7А–219/2017 от 17.05.2017 по делу
№ 7А–219/2017; Решение № 7А–216/2017 от 17.05.2017 по делу № 7А–216/2017; Реше-
ние № 7А–70/2017 от 01.02.2017 по делу № 7А–70/2017. URL: http://sudact.ru/regular/
(дата обращения: 28.03.2020).
2
К сожалению, разработчики Концепции развития гражданского законодательства Рос-
сийской Федерации не смогли по достоинству оценить потенциал тесной связи, пред-
ложив исключить из числа норм раздела VI Гражданского кодекса РФ определение
применимого права на базе общего резервного критерия «тесной связи» ввиду извест-
ной сложности его использования и возможной трудной предсказуемости конечного
результата. См.: Вестник ВАС РФ. 2009. № 11.
Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве 109
Voytovich Elena P., Siberian Institute of Management – a branch of the Russian Presidential
Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
FOREIGN ELEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW
Keywords: family relationships, collision, relation.
DOI: 10.17223/22253513/38/10
The changes in the paradigm of social development suggest that there is now an urgent
need to consider legal phenomena from different perspectives. Scientific thought, critically
assessing the legal order, is rethinking the role and significance of many legal categories. The
foreign element in private international law is no exception, which has not received a
generalized characterization, the studies of which are largely fragmentary, not allowing to
create a holistic view of its role and purpose.
In Russian jurisprudence, the category of the foreign element was introduced in the early
twentieth century, was widely used in the works of Soviet authors and is now dominant in
Russian law and doctrine. However, this approach is no more than an established
terminological tradition. It is obvious that citizenship, place of residence and location of a
thing are only characteristics of particular elements of legal relations, but they are not
elements in them- selves. They only acquire legal significance when they form the basis of a
conflict of laws decision.
The foreign element is the criterion for choosing the applicable law (conclusion of mar-
riage, marital cohabitation, the location of the object, the infliction of damage, etc.), rather
than an element of the legal relationship, as stated in the binding of the conflict-of-laws rule.
It expresses the most relevant, close link between the relationship and the foreign legal order.
Other ties are to be regarded as having no legal significance and do not influence the choice of
competent law.
The resolution of cross-border family disputes requires not only a proper determination
of the legal nature of the relationship, but also the establishment of its legal connection to
foreign law, taking into account only the relevant circumstances and aiming at an adequate
determination of the applicable law. It only seems logical to choose the competent law, which
is based on the conflict of laws provision, takes into account the legal characteristics of the
disputed legal relationship and expresses the most meaningful connection between the rela-
tionship and the law of the other state. A special role in this is played by the court, which must
ensure predictability and certainty in the choice and application of the competent law. Unfor-
tunately, Russian jurisprudence sometimes interprets the purpose of the foreign element in an
unreasonable way and ignores the legal connection of the disputed legal relationship with the
territory of the foreign state which is objectified in the binding of the conflict of laws rule.
Иностранный элемент в международном семейном праве 111
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