Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2013
( 03-04-00247, 13-04-16029),
,
( 02.740.11.0595)
811.1(29)
81.2
41
..
..
:
.. , ..
:
.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ,
.. , .. , .. , ..
41
: / .
. . .: .. , .. . .: Academia, 2013. 512 .
ISBN 978-5-87444-370-2
, . , , , , , . ( ) .
, . ,
. , .
, ,
, , , , , .
Languages of the World: Relict Indo-European languages of Western and Central Asia. Yuri B.
Koryakov and Andrej A. Kibrik (eds.). Moscow: Academia, 2013. 512 pp.
ISBN 978-5-87444-370-2
This book continues the encyclopedic multi-volume series Languages of the World, which is being prepared
at the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences. This volume addresses the Indo-European languages
of Western and Central Asia, including Anatolian, Phrygian, Galatian, Relict Aryan, Armenian with its varieties
and Tocharian. Almost all languages considered are ancient with the exception of Modern Armenian. Each essay
follows the typologically oriented template implemented throughout the Languages of the World series. This template imposes sociolinguistic, diachronic and structural characterization upon individual languages and ensures the
commensurability of the descriptions of different languages. A set of maps illustrating the spread of the languages
is appended. The volume is intended as a fundamental study addressed to the linguists of various specializations,
but also as a reference source addressed to a wide audience of historians, cultural anthropologists, teachers as well
as students, and everyone interested in ancient and Indo-European languages.
, 2013 .
Academia, , 2013 .
......................................................................................... 10
................................................................................................................ 12
.. , .. . .................................................. 15
.. , .. . ............................................................ 26
. . ......................................................................................... 75
.. , .. . ............................................................. 97
.. . .............................................................................. 106
. . ............................................................................... 131
.. . ....................................................................... 154
.-. . ................................................................................. 166
.. . ................................................................................... 175
.. . .............................................................................. 177
. , . . ....................................................... 180
.. . ........................................................................... 196
.. . M .............................................. 198
.. . .......................................................... 217
.. . .................................................................. 221
.. . ....................................... 242
. , .. , .. .
............................................................................................... 291
.. , .. . ( )...................... 320
. . ( ).... 334
.. , .. . ............................................................ 386
.. , .. . A .......................................................... 398
.. , .. . B .......................................................... 444
...................................................................................... 486
............................................................................. 488
........................................................................... 493
: ...................................................................... 505
.. .
........................................................................... 507
CONTENTS
About the publication Languages of the World ........................................................ 10
Preface .......................................................................................................................... 12
Anatolian languages
A.S. Kassian, I.S. Yakubovich. Anatolian languages..................................................... 15
A.S. Kassian, A.V. Sideltsev. Hittite.............................................................................. 26
A. Rizza. Lydian............................................................................................................ 75
A.S. Kassian, A.V. Shatskov. Palaic .............................................................................. 97
I.S. Yakubovich. Luwian ............................................................................................. 106
A. Kloekhorst. Lycian ................................................................................................. 131
V.V. Shevoroshkin. Milyan ......................................................................................... 154
I.-X. Adiego. Carian .................................................................................................... 166
A.S. Kassian. Sidetic................................................................................................... 175
A.S. Kassian. Pisidian ................................................................................................. 177
O. Ligorio, A. Lubotsky. Phrygian ............................................................................. 180
T.A. Mikhailova. Galatian.......................................................................................... 196
Aryan languages
B.L. Oguibenine. Mitanni Indo-Aryan........................................................................ 198
M.A. Zhivlov. Andronovo Aryan ................................................................................ 217
Armenian language
N.A. Dilbaryan. Classical Armenian........................................................................... 221
L.S. Ovsepyan. Standard Eastern Armenian ............................................................... 242
A. Donabdian, L.S. Ovsepyan, R.K. Sakapetoyan. Standard Western Armenian...... 291
L.S. Ovsepyan, G.G. Gevorkyan. Armenian dialects (general overview) ................. 320
H. Martirosyan. Armenian dialects (description of individual dialects)..................... 334
Tocharian languages
S.A. Burlak, I.B. Itkin. Tocharian languages ............................................................... 386
S.A. Burlak, I.B. Itkin. Tocharian A ............................................................................ 398
S.A. Burlak, I.B. Itkin. Tocharian B ............................................................................ 444
Contributors ................................................................................................................ 486
Notation and abbreviations ......................................................................................... 488
Contents
. , .
. .. .
. , . .
181
A B G D E V I J K L M N O P R S T U C F X
a b g d e v i y k l m n o p r s t u
<> () J <y>. F X . <>
<>, <>, ,
/ks/ ( ). <y> , VI .,
(areyastin , kuryaneyon (?), yosesait
; tedatoy , aey (?), materey , avtay ),
i- (ayni /, ktevoys (?) .).
- (, .) , (2004). <y> , s,
<s> <>.
<>, , <> <> .
, , .
,
; . - , , , .
400 , , VIII IV . . .
, . ,
: (.
Tuwanuwa), ( ) .
( ).
(1984). , , . : B ; G ; P ; M ;
T ; W ; HP (. hors de Phrygie) ;
182
i
e
a
u
o
i
u
e (?)
o (?)
a
. , . .
183
, . //, ,
.-. <o> , , <> <>
. .-. <o>, .-. *o,
.-. <>: .-. yos, ios ( ), .-. < .-. *ios;
.-. 3 . . . . -toi, -toy, .-. - < .-. *-toi.
.-. <o>, .-. *, .-. <>:
.-. . 3 . . . . -do, .-. - < .-. *-sdh (. .
-); .-. . . . -oi, -oy, .-. - < .-. *-i (. . -).
, //, .-. * *eh1 *eh2 .-. /a/, . .-. en-eparkes, .-. 3 . . . .
- < .-. *pr-, .-. . . . matar < .-.
*meh2tr, .-. daet , < *deh1-k-. .-.
//, // , .
, . :
*i .-. kin, .-. < .-. *kwim; .-.
< .-. *hrHit- (. -);
*e .-. ke, .-. < .-. *kwe; .-. , < .-. *bher-;
*o .-. -os, .-. -, . . . . . o- < .-. *-os;
*u .-. () < .-. *(H)upsodhn (. . () ,
); .-. . . - < .-. *knu- (. . );
*a (h2e) .-. , , () < .-. *h2ed (. . ad id.);
* .-. . . . , (. . . ; . . .
) < .-. *sorun (. . );
*eh1 .-. 3 . . . () < .-. *dheh1-k- (. .
. );
*eh2 .-. . . . < .-. *bhreh2-ter- (. . bhr tar-,
. frter);
*eh3 .-. . . . [] (100), . . . . . (25) ,
. . , .
, : /a/, /e/, /o/, /i/, /u/ ( , ).
,
. <>
<>, , , [ ] [ ].
.-. <> : , -/- -, . . . .
, . . . (), , , (), ,
( ); -: , ?; (< *-eies): . . . (98) , .-. (86)
. 5.2.2. .-. <> :
, , ?.
<>, <>, <> <> /i/.
184
.-. <>, ,
. . . -, .-. *-is ( <> ).
.
.. : /ei/ = <ey, ei, >, /eu/ = <ev, >,
/oi/ = <oy, oi, >, /ai/ = <ay, ai, >, /au/ = <av, >. /ou/
.
<> = /u/. . . . Vasous ( ) (P-03) < *uasus, Vasus (P-05),
otekonov ? (B-01). tubetiv
? derliv ? (B-05) apelev ? (B-07) , , -
.
,
, , /i/, . .-. . . . o- -oi, .-. - <
.-. *-i, /i/, . .-. . . . - -ai, .-. -.
,
/i/ /i/ , /ei/
<-, -, ->.
*h2ei/*eh2i .-. ai, .-. < .-. *h2ei (. . ., .
); .-. ayni, .-. / < .-. *h2ei-ni; .-. . . . . .
< .-. *gwneh2ikm (. . );
*h2eu .-. . . . . . avtoi, .-. < .-. *h2euto(. . );
*ei .-. . . . . . < .-. *ghreiH- (. .
); .-. , , materey , Tiei (NW-101), .-. . . . , ,
, . . . , -, -, - < .-. *-ei (. . -ei, -);
*eu .-. . . . . . bevdos , < .-. *bheudhos;
*oi .-. 3 . . . . -toi, -toy, .-. - < .-. *-toi;
.-. . . . . . < .-. *-oi;
*eh2ei/*i .-. - -ai (Midai,
Atai), . . . . . . -esai-t (W-01b), .-. . . . . . . . (),
. , . . . . . () < .-. *-eh2ei, . . -, -, . -ae;
*i .-. . . . o- -oi, -oy, .-. - < .-. *-i (.
. -); .-. . . . o- - < .-. *-is.
.
.
t <t, >
k <k, >
d <d, >
g <g, >
z / dz <, > ?
s <s, >
m <m, >
n <n, >
l <l, >
r <r, >
w <v, ()>
y <y, i, >
p <p, >
b <b, >
. , . .
185
186
. /m/ /n/
.. /-n/, , . .-. . . . o-
-un, .-. -, - < .-. *-om. , .. *u *o, .
.-. . . . vas(o)us (P-03, P-05), . . . vasos (P-02) <
*uasuos. , .-. . . . tovo
devos , *toho < *toso *dehos < *dhh1sos , -v- .
*nt .. . ,
: .-. panta (B-05.4), (W-11), .-. (35), . . , , , .-. (48), . . . 3- , , ,
*-nt ( 3 . . . . < *-t),
- ( 12) - ( 35, 71).
nn, [n]. tn, ntn apaktneni ? (B-01.8), ventnoktoy ? (B-06). . 5.1.2.
.-. -evanos < *-euantos < *-euntos.
aN, . .-. . . . . .
onoman, .-. - < .-. *h3nh3mn (. . id.); .-. .
. . . . < .-. *gwneh2ikm.
*r *l . .-. por,
.-. < .-. *pr (. . , . faur id.), -, ,
*r *or, . .-.
< .-. *hrHit- . .
, , , , ..
, . . *h1C- > eC-, *h2C- > aC-, *h3C- > oC-:
.-. eu- (?) < .-. *h1su- (. . -, . su- id.); .-.
< .-. *h2nr (. . nr-, . id.); .-. . . . . . onoman,
.-. - < .-. *h3nh3mn (. . , . n man-). e, a, o : .-.
. . . < .-. *dhh1so- (. . id.); .-. <
.-. *dhh1to-; .-. -meno-, .-. -- ( ) <
.-. *-mh1no- (. . --); .-. < .-. *ph2ter- (. .
); .-. . . . . - < .-. *-h2
(. . -, . -a, . -i); .-. onoman, .-. - < .-. *h3nh3mn.
.. ,
. .-. < .-. *hrHit- (. . - id.,
); .-. ( ) < .-. *hl h3-ro- (. . ).
5.1.1. , , : -kts > -k; -ns > -is . (. 5.1.2.).
5.1.2. , , , . , , . . . -tar (< *-tr) vs. . -ter- matar, materey, materan , .
. , . .
187
188
5.2.0. .
5.2.1. .. .
5.2.2. .. , .
: , , ;
, ., , .-.
(116) .-. karmyo (B-01) . . . kavarmoun ?
. .. (, ) (
). o-, -
(C-). i-, u- e- (,
-es, Ates, Bateles, Iktes). , .
o-
.-.
.-.
-os
-un
-, -
.
.
? -ovo
-oi, -oy
-
-
-oi
? -oys,
-a (. .)
-
? -oys
- (. .)
.
.
.
-
.-.
.-.
-a (. .),
- (. .)
-a(s) (. .)
-an
-
-ai, -ay
-, -
C-
.-.
.-.
-s, -0
-, -0
-an,
-0 (. .)
-os
-ei, -ey
-,
-0 (. .)
-
-(), -, -
-a (. .)
(. .)
-, -
? -ais
? -, -
:
o-: akenanogavos () (M-01a), (passim) <
.-. *-os;
-: Kubeleya (B-01), .-. (W-11) < .-. *-eh2;
Midas (M-01d), , , ; -s , , . Baba (M-01b) Babas (G-06), Kaliya (B-05),
Kuliyas (G-127); -es -s :
Ates (M-01a), Bateles (W-08), Eies (G-108), Iktes (G-02);
C-: -s i- u-: uvatis ( ) (G-133), Alus ( ) (W-09), Vasous ( ) (P-03),
Vasus (P-05) < *uasus; : Manes ( )
(B-07), , (99) < *-ts, Modrovanak (M-04) < *-kts;
.-. -evan-: arkiaevais (M-01a), kanutievais (P-03) < *-uans <
*-unts; r- n- -s: matar (W-04),
(15) < *-r; iman , , (48) < *-n;
kuryaneyon (W-01c) .
. , . .
189
:
o-: akaragayun (-02), (116) (31) < .-. *-om;
-: kinanogava () (M-04), (W-11),
(15) < .-. *-eh2m;
C-: areyastin (W-01a), (30), . id. < .-. *-im; < .-. *dim; materan
(W-01a) < .-. *-er-m; imenan (B-05) , , (128) <
.-. *-en-m; Batan (T-02b), (33) , duman (B-01),
(88), (116) < .-. *-m. keneman
(?) (M-01), (31); bevdos , (B-01),
.
:
o-: ? - (30); ,
. .-. tovo (G-02c), .-. (87); Atevo ( ) (W-10), , Ates
o-;
-: PN (88) < .-. *-eh2es; (86),
, : , ,
;
C-: < .-. *diuos ( -u- o); Vasos ( ) (P-02) < *uasuos (id.); kanutiievano (/) (P-02), ,
(106); Atimitos (B-05), Manitos ( )
(B-07) < .-. *-os.
:
o-: adoikavoi ( ) (G-02a); (92), . ; (21, 124), ,
. < .-. *-i;
-: . . dumeyay
(G-01a); () < .-. *-eh2ei; . midai (M-01a);
C-: Tiei (NW-101), . . . (), < .-. *diuei ( *-u-
); materey (W-01b), inmeney (B-05) ,
(31); [ ] ( 129 ); (), -, - , () (48); vanaktei
(M-01a) < .-. *-ei.
:
o-: (71; < .-. *-oi ); . . . . (12) < .-. *-h2;
-: (?) (120) < .-. *suel-eh2-es;
C-: (93), , .-. *-eies.
kena (35), , .-. *enh1es-h2.
:
o-: kevoys (?) (B-01), ptriyiis (?) (B-04) <
.-. *-ons, kka (B-05), (25) < .-. *-h2;
-: ? (9), (31);
C-: teris (B-04) < *-ans < .-. *-ns.
190
. , . .
191
. . . . - (116). .-. . . . . .
ove-vin (W-01b) < .-. *suin, . .-. kin; .-. . . . . .
< *sueh2.
-
.
: . . . . . kin (B-01), (100: []
- ) < .-. *kwim (. . km).
.. , .
: (),
, ; : (); : , , (), ().
, :
3 . . . -es: edaes (passim), (2 116) , ; eneparkes (G-125,
M-01d), (31) ; (31); (116) (?);
(18) (31). e- ; ,
(18), . edaes ( ), eneparkes (< *pr-)
(< *kn-) . , ,
(-es < *-es-t), ;
3 . . . -toi: edatoy , (B-05.2), t-edatoy (W-01a), tit-eda[oy]
(B-05.1); egertoy ? (W-01c); ektetoy (B-01.3); epaktoy ? (B-01.9); estatoi
(G-144).
-es. ,
ektetoy (< *h1e-th1-toi). *-toi
- , ;
3 . . . -et: dket (B-05.11), () ,
....
, - (86, 111),
. ,
(?) (114). -et , , .
, - 48, ,
, ;
3 . . . -etor: (40, 63, 121) (73, 75) , . ,
(91, 113, 129).
-et -etor/-etoi ( vs. ),
,
. , , , -et, -etor,
-etoi, . -seti/-set;
192
. , . .
193
, . .-. si-keneman
(M-01b), avtay materey (W-01b), (
, .-.
-vin ovevin onoman W-01b
() , ; ove- ). (100),
-.
, ,
, . (35; . 5.2.2.)
(82).
(, , )
, , ni
.-. ios1 ni2 enan3 egeseti4 1 2 2 4 () ?3 (P-04a)
.-.
(3). , . , , , , ... ,
(99) ... , ;
... , <> (76) ...
, . (= )
3- . ,
, ,
, . ... [] [], []
(86) ... , ; ... <> ,
(. . ) (88) ... , .
, (X
Y : ),
(XY : ).
.
,
. , (99)
,
<> - (18; . ( ), (1966)). ( ), ,
(94), [] (86),
(62), (56), , () -
.
A B,
.
, 33.
(?) .
12. , . . .
. . .
194
5.3.2. :
():
-
,
():
--
-..-.. -..
.
5.4.0. .
, ,
, , : .-. iman, , .-.
(), -, , /.
, . .-. (. . .,
l.3), .-. (. . ., 21) < . ; .-. (ll.6, 7), .-.
(92) < . ; .-. (4) < .
. , , /
(33, 36, 116), *teuta .
: Ates, Bateles, Mamutas, tuvatis/guvatis, .
6.0. . ,
, ..
.., .. //
, 1988, 1, 4.
.., .. - // . ., 1989.
.. . .,
1978.
Brixhe C. tudes no-phrygiennes I. Verbum.
Nancy, 1978, t. 1, fasc. 1.
Brixhe C. tudes no-phrygiennes II. Verbum.
Nancy, 1978, t. 1, fasc. 2.
Brixhe C. Comparaison et langues faiblement
documentes: lexample du phrygien et de ses
voyelles longues. La reconstruction des laryngales. Lige; Paris, 1990 (Bibliotheque de la Facult de Philosophie et Lettres de lUniversit de
Lige, fasc. CCLIII).
Brixhe C. Prolgomnes au corpus nophrygien // Bulletin de la Socit de Linguistique
de Paris, 1999, t. 94.
Brixhe C. Corpus des inscriptions palo-phrygiennes. Supplment I // Kadmos, 2002, Bd. 41.
Brixhe C. Corpus des inscriptions palo-phrygiennes. Supplment II // Kadmos, 2004, Bd. 43.
Brixhe C. Phrygian // The Ancient Languages
of Asia Minor. New York, 2008.
Brixhe C., Drew-Bear T. Huit inscriptions nophrygiennes // Frigi e frigio: Atti del 1. Simposio
Internazionale, Roma, 16-17 ottobre 1995 / a cura di
R. Gusmani, M. Salvini, P. Vannicelli. Roma, 1997.
Brixhe C., Drew-Bear T. Inscription phrygienne
hellnistique de Prymnessos // Kadmos, 2010,
Bd. 49.
Brixhe C., Lejeune M. Corpus des inscriptions
palo-phrygiennes. (2. vols.) Paris, 1984.
Brixhe C., Neumann G. Dcouverte du plus
long texte no-phrygien: linscription de Gezler
Ky // Kadmos, 1985, Bd. 24.
Brixhe C., Waelkens M. Un nouveau document
no-phrygien au muse dAfyon // Kadmos, 1981,
Bd. 20.
Diakonoff I., Neroznak V. Phrygian. Delmar,
New York, 1985.
Drew-Bear T., Lubotsky A., ymez M. Three
New Phrygian inscriptions // Kadmos, 2008, Bd. 47.
. , . .
Gorbachov Y. The origin of the Phrygian aorist
of the type edaes // Proceedings of the Sixteenth
Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference / Ed.
by K. Jones-Bley et al., 2005 (Journal of IndoEuropean Studies. Monograph Series, 50).
Gusmani R., Salvini M., Vannicelli P. (a cura di)
Frigi e frigio: Atti del 1. Simposio Internazionale,
Roma, 16-17 ottobre 1995. Roma, 1997.
Haas O. Die phrygischen Sprachdenkmler.
Sofia, 1966.
Laminger-Pascher G. Beitrge zu den griechischen Inschriften Lycaoniens. Wien, 1984
(sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Phil.-hist. Klasse, Denkschriften, 173).
Lejeune M. Discussions sur lalphabet phrygien //
Studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici, 1969, nr. 10.
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Lubotsky A. Word boundaries in the Old Phrygian Germanos inscription, Epigraphica Anatolica, 1993, H. 21.
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195
Academia
119991, , ., 26
. (499)238-21-23, (499)238-21-44, (499)238-25-10
. : academia@naukaran.ru, yurin.og@yandex.ru
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.. , .. , ..
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