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81.2-923

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ISBN 97S-5-9765-0002-0 ()
ISBN 978-5-02-034583-6 ()

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8l1.11l(075.8)

81.2-923

ISBN 978-5-9765-0002-0 ()
ISBN 978-5-02-034583-6 ()

@ <>, 2007

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|2.|2.2006. 6088/16.
. . . 8,3. .-l. . 6,2.
1000 . . Ns 1298. .72.
l 17342, , . , . 17-, , 345
./: 334-82-65; . 336-03-1 l
E-mail: flinta@mail.ru, flinta@flinta.ru
\lbbSito: uw.flit,r

<,

lr

'..

l 19 l, , , 4- ., . 9-
.: 958-19-00 (. l l 1), Z34:4,l5

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E-mail: zakaz@veltip.ru

,
, ,
. {,
I
Tiansatlantic English, 0
}{ .
JI ( r AmE) ar, , ,
,
, dr
I }{
, i

JI i
, /
.

l.

-g r -og

m. :
m

analogue l

catalogue (*)'

dialog

dialogue

2'.

analog
catalog

-r r - m. -

rmr
lmr
lu
mr
fur
favourite

rmr
lmr
lr
mr
fr
favorite
frr
flavor
hr
humor
lr
neighbor
rlr
rumr
vigor

frur

,!

flur

hr
humur
l

neighbour
rlur
rumr
vigour

(*) 1 <>

F
3. -r BrE -r
:

BrE

centre

center

fir

rr

mtr

mtr

m.

mmtr

British usage mt is fr
fr the unit of length. The US

military rfr mt.

theater

cancel:
rl:

compel:

BrE

AmE

defence

defense

licence

license

r,

mmtr

British usage is license fr the

and licence for the noun.

4. r , -l,
-ing, -ed -r , I
JI . m < I
, ,

trl:

criticize
mechanize
organize
specialize

6. , -
-nse m. :

measuring device and mtr

theatre

criticise / criticize
mechanise / mechanize
organise / organize
specialise / specialize

travelling / tavelled
cancelling / cancelled
rebelling / rebelled
compelling / compelled

traveling / traveled
canceng / canceled
rebelling / rebelled

compelling / compelled

5. r , -ise,
- ( , sris advertise analyse,
r -ise). AmE
-ize. :
r

apologise / apologize
computerise / mutriz

apologize
mutiz

offence

offense

rt

pretense

7. Iir IIJI :

BrE

aesthetic

esthetic

Ii:s'Oetft]

Ies'Oetlk]

aluminium

aluminum

[,Blja'mlnram]

Ia'lu:mInam]

anaesthesia

anesthesia

[,renas'Oi:zla]

[,res'Oi:]

archaeology

rhlg

borough

law

bylaw

Commentary

is informal and is sometimes seen in British road

markings.

BrE

Commentary

BrE

cheque

check

rm bank

no one

cigarette

cigaret(te)

omelette (+)

omelet

doughnut

donut

plough

plow

to practise

to practice

Donut is ifrml and is quite

mml used in r to
suggest that the bun is of
typical mri hrtr.

Commentary

r and rti fr the .

British usage is rgrm for

compute and rgmm fr
rdi and v.

rgrmm

rgrm

pyJamas

paJamas

[l':ms]

[':ms]

gg

utig2

routing

gr

gr

speciality

specialty

gynaecology

gynecology

Storey

Story

haulier

hulr

sulphur (+)

sulfur

jail, goal

jail

tlgrmm

telegram

jewellery

jewelry

through (+)

thru

kr

curb

draught

draft

encyclopaedia

encyclopedia

IIn,saIkla'pi:dIa]

Ien,saIkla'pi:dIa]

fulfilment

fulrllment

gg (+)

Edge of roadway r pavement.

r in the sense of restrain is

used in r and m.

British usage is tis fr the

of building

mri usage is obsolescent

but m still seen on rd
signs etc.

tr

tire

on cal

vlce

tool

mur

mr

marvellous

marvelos

mould

mold

moustache (*)

mustache

m glm, glmr advertising,

Ima'sto:J]

['m,rstre.i]

advertizing.

night

nite

l D( :

Nite is ifml in both m

and r.

m - _lng ,
r,
2

2.

r hrr hrifi .

J.

t tht
, ,
.

4.

, t - ton,
, 1000 ,
(the British ton) 2240 ,
10l6,96 .

, , 1__t_ Q,
i*ii i ,
f
, .
ry <(II > Received liti ( RP), <l ] >.
Grl mi (
GA), r.
, GA RP, , ilt , ,
,
,
. JryJI mri twang.
, RP [r]
, _rr RP <>
. [r] , r, GA I{o <(> , car, r, rl GA [ka:r], [k:], [g:rl]. <>
lIrI , .
<> II ,
Irl, .
, } [r].
-l [],
er (mother ['m,rdr]), or (doctor ['dnktar]), r
(survive [sar'vaIv]) l , t r, , , tur ['neItJar]. *

ffi

ll

JI RP GA , I

,
r, , , ogree |e'gril|, ml
['ml], yicious ['vdas].
[:] GA,
, )a
r: er (term [t:rm]), ir (bird [:rd]) ur (tur [t:r]). , rD ll, ,
[:]. -

GA , <>
[:l, :
RP

GA

Russian

chef d'r

[,Jl'd:r]

[,Jr'd:r]

pas de deux

[,:d'd:]

[,:d'd:]

--

prie-dieu

[,ri:'dj:]

['ri:dj:l

Iru,m:9'fl:]

Irou,mc:

rm, fleuve

j'fl:]

, rI

[ [] [:] : [] [:] . :

mjr
mthr
itur
survive
fr
girl
fur

RP

['ml]

['mI,]

['md]
['ptktJa]

['m,,,]

Oi,

3:

[g:ll
]

l2

(Dc'

[fr:n]
Igr:l]
[fr:]

[f:]

Qo

['p,k{a,]
Isa,'valv]

Isa'valv]

[f:

ll I, , lleb : , [r|.
,
GA , RP. . fI I O;
,
. (. Ladefoged, 200l).

&

1,l writer rider, latter

lddr, GA -

0, .. rI .
GA <<>>,
'rll, [l],
rI . RP <.191161> [l]
& . <<l>>,
, , .

Ou

2.
m u l4uu

1.

l , :
oTpzDKeHo , , .

2.
.

[], : -

RP

, .

dog
hot

[r:] GA ,
.

.

wash

I .

3.

, .

. , . , , , RP GA, r{3.'"
l. I,I 2, zl
[ ] , , dog , hot
z . 80%
, RP [], GA , [:]. :

GA

Idos]
Ihot]

[do:g1

tw,]

[wc:J]

Iho:t]

r
[t]. . 1,1 -

JI l6-e |'0 . (Js D. English ig
Diti, l6'h edition, midg Urrivesity ss, 2003). ,
,."tt:
Jl , , llo .

l4

l5

ll /lyx

 10% G [:], ,
, iJI rI, RP [] [r].
:

frig
rg
wrrt

I'forInl

['f:rI]

,['rm],

Scone
sh

['w:r-t]

mk
hr
hovel

rrw
Srry

Srrw

['ru]
['sl]

what
quagmire
wrath

[':ru]

['so:rl]

['s:ru]

['sru]

8% G [oul. , , zl -

lir
polka
Rossini
yoghurt

['knnjek]
['polka]
Iros'i:nl]
Ijogt]

['kounjrek]

hr
r
thr

RP GA - g,
R ' [a,u] , [:]. GA [ou]
JI , ry [:].
hm, iver.

[Joun]

RP

GA

Ia'mok]
['hova]
['hovl]
[rtl

Ia'm,r,k]

['h]
['hrrvl]
Iwa,t]

['kwegmala,]
Irre0]

[Br|, [r] . :

tirry , GAc [ou],

[], < :

Iskoun]

2.. [la], [], [ua]5, RP , r, hair, sure, GA [lr],

['moulJer]
['poulka]
Irou'si:nl]
IjougTt]

['mohea]

Isknn]
[J]

['kwngmala]
Ir0]

}{ r< []
[| G. :

[';rr]

['wrt]

RP

sr

RP

[fia]

Ifir]

Ihla]

Ih]

Ikea]

Iker]

[6eal
tpua]

Idr]
[ur]
[Jur]

["u]

, [l]
GA rrj [i:a]. :

l| ,
'

ll4l, [ua] [:l.

t|l)0 , poor, sure
|:| [J:| . [ua]
t '|, rc [pjua] , ,
tl|"], mr [mvl, dour [du)
2=12

I7

ffi'_1
t'r)
llF{a

idea
theatre
th

RP

GA

Ial'dIa]
['0It]
['0larI]

Ial'di:a]

,fr , courag,e ['krrrI| -

() .

['0i;atr]

6, R tu, duty, w , [d], [t],

i, [|, l0l g I{ [ju:], G

['0i:arl]

Lj]. :

3. , t
, I l, RP
[:], GA
[]. :

RP

G
['du:tl]
[u:]

um

['dju:tr]
[nju:]
[tju::n]
Ia'sju:m]

Bnthusiast

Irn'Oju:ztast]

Ien'Ou:zIast]

class
dance
1ast

RP

Iklo:s]
[dc:ns]
Ilo:st]

Iklas]

duty
nOw

tune

[drens]
Ilrest]

. father, [:] .
}

rrw

rry
m

['ru]

['krerI]

['mrel]

R/G

beauty
cube

['ru]
['krl]
['mrl]

music
pupil
view

5. [.,r,] [r] , JI RP , , hurry, worry, GA

[ [r:]. :

culTency

urrt
hurr
Wrtr

RP

['k rransl]
['k.,r,rant]

['kr:anstl
['k,:tl

['h.trI]
['wrrrI]

['h,:l]

['wr:ll
l8

Ia'su:m]

.t
[ju:] RP, GA. :

4. GA [] l [r] []. r:

RP

Itu:n]

few

['bju:tt]
Ikju:b]
[fiu,]

['rnju:zlk]
['pju;pl]
[vju:]
[ju:z]

uSe

7, ,r{ , -ile, 0Il0 [arl] RP [1] GA. :

RP

GA

agilc
ltcrsl ile

['retl]

ttlissile

['mtsaIl]

t'rel]
['hc:stl]
['mlsl]

['rnauball]

['rnoub1]

nltlbile ()

['hnstall]

l9

|
, -ile,

R,G:

automobile
camomile
crocodile
domicile
imbecile
mobile (n)
reptile
senile
textile

RP

RP

GA

['c:tamaubi:l]
['kremaumaIl]

['o:tamoubi:l]

['krokadarl]
['domIsall]
['lmbasi:l]

['kamami:l]
['kro:kadaIl]
['do:masall]
['lmbasll]
['moubi:l]
['reptall]
['si:naIl]
['tekstarl]

['maubaIl]

['rtll]
['si:naIl]

['tekstaIl]

8. , -ization,
[aI] RP [l] GA. :

RP

americanization Ia,merIkanal'ze{n]

civilization [,smlal'zeIJn1
organization [,:gnal'zeIJn]

[a,merIkanl'zeI
t,srvlr'ze{n]
[,:rgl'zIJ]

9. m-, -
[lm], [In
RP [em], [en] GA. :

embezz|e

mr

employ
endure
engage

enjoy

RP

Im'bezl]
['rls]
Im'll]

Iem'bezl]
Iem'brels]
Iem'plcI]
['dur]

IIn'djua]

It'gI]

['gl]
['r]

It'I]
20

l0, aqua- ['rekwa] RP

lttvg| G. :
GA

Bquamarine [,ekwama'ri:n]
qurll

[,rekwa'rel]

[,o:kwama'ri:n]
[,c:kwa'rel]

&qt

[,rekw':t]

[,:kw':t]

ll,

:r [,]

IBtl:
) g :

RP

GA

&thr

[':O]

[':O,]

tum

['c:tam]
Ikc:z]

['o:tam]
Iko:z]

6) aw:

GA

BlBw

Ikl:]

drBw
lBwn

Idr:]
Il:]

[klo:]
Idr:]
Ilo:n]

) {JI:

brrrnd

0lrltr
wt

RP

GA

[r:d]

[bro:d]

[l'r:lt]

[l'r:lt,]
['wo:ta,]

['wc:taI

l2, r , .I < -r,

=Eryl -()r, -, -rr,

R, 2l

 G JI Ir
: , 4
l. I
-. :

1irr

monastery
mtr
category
territory
rm
testimony
lkrry
strwrr

['dIkJnart]
['lIrrl]
['mstrr]
['sematrI]
['kretagrr]
['terItrl]

['serlmanl]
['testImanI]
['lrekrI]

['testt,mounl]
['blrek,berI]

['strc:,berI]

['str:I]

.
, JIJI
.
RP

academician
accent (n)
accent (v)
accomplice
accomplish
acumen
address (n)
dsr

ltr
tanlty
l$nala
lilethesia

['dIkJa,nerI]
['laI,brerI]
['ma:na,sterI]
['sema,terI]
['kret,g:rI]
['trt,t:rl]
['sert,mounI]

t f
lI "

sr

Jrl

13.

hr

*vrlllllt
fthttc

GA

RP

dictionary

itlult
ldvBrBe

GA

no

Dtlmini

lFheBtn

t lrl
ulli
_

['remtl
['mi:tl]
[rem'ni:zla]
[,renas'Oi:zIa]

[,u'dmIl]
Ia'feIzla]
[,elprat'c:ral]
['akwIlaIn]
['rerIstkrret]
[,rerlsta'kretlk]

Iel'vi:el.]
['ematJa.I
Ia'menatI]

[rem'i:5]
[,res'Oi:]

[,reu'd:mi;]
['fl5]
[,:ri:':r]

['reseI]

['resOma'l
[et]

[e,t]

ltO (ftrlnl eaf)

ttth

lunt
lthritri

[,o:tI'zrenl

['zm]

Ia'treJel]

Io:ntl

tll

[,:OrI'trI]
[':J]

kptlzc

['bBler]
[re't]
[,brerl'keld]

,bellet

[,kred'mlJ]

[,rekd'mlJl
['reksent]
IBk'sent]
Ia'ko:mplrs]
Ia'ko:rnplrJ]
Ia'kju:man]

beBtlrrl

22

[rel'baInou]

Ia'seI]

rt

[d's:r]

Ies'Oetlk]

thr

['s:r]

[red'z:]

Ii:s'Oetlk]
[rel'bi:nau]
[,relvr'aul]

[red'vr:s]
[,redva,'taIzmantl

['asfeltj"

rld

['redresI

[d':tIsmt]

phalt
Egey ()

[re'tr:r}

Iak'sent]
['kmhs]
Ia'k,r.mphJl
['rekjuman]
Ia'dres]

['dlt]

['akwrlan]
['rlstkrt]
Ia,rIsta'krretIk]
[':rtz]
['resfc:lt]

ld:tt
ld:tti
tftlaan

['h:]
['z:]
['aeksnt]

['redlt]
['red:s]

lus

Eolshoi
}tttris

hssir
htlIru
htttl'el (rey'eshmet)
htrIlhcadgd

['rI]

[,ata'Jel]
Ient]
[,O:r'trl]
Ia'vr:5n]
Ibrel'er]

['breptalz]
['berakeId]
[ba'reI]
['bestfl]
[blaus]

['bestlal]
[blauz]

[l'Jrl

['boulJal]
['ur5w:]

[':w:]

['brresla]
['ruf]
['bufel]

[r'r]
Ibrou'Jurl

[,bul'hedldl

['bul,hedId]

[ba'fer]

urgh
cabaret

['r]

f,

['krefeI]
['krefi:n]

caffeine
calvados
capsize
capsule
cashmere (fabric)

celestial
champignon
chateau
chauffeur
chimpanzee
cicada
lk
clich
codify
communal
communiqu
compatriot
ml (adj)
composite
constable
conversion
cordial
coyote
rd
rmt
croissant
cuckoo
cyclamen
dut

depot

detail
diabetes
diagnose
dictate (v)

['krerI]

['krelvados]
Ikrep'salz]
['krepsju:l]
['kreJmta]

Is'lestlal]
['Jempi:nj5:]
['Jatau]
['Jaufa:]

[,tJimpan'zi:]

[sl'kc:da]
Iklo:k]
['kli:Jet]
['kaudlfat]
['komjunl]
Ika'mju:nIket]
Ikam'pretrIat]
['knmpleks]
['knmpazIt]
['kstl]
Ik':J]
['k:dll]
Ikl'autl]
['kreldau]
Ikl'mlt]
['kwresd:]
['kuku:]

['slklaman]
['delbju:]
['depau]
['di:tetl]
[,dara'bi:ti:z]

['daIagnauz]
Idrk'telt]

[br:g]
[,kre'rll
IkrefeI]

Ikafi:n]

[,kBlva'dous]
['kepsalz]
['krepsl]
['kre5mtr]
Isa'lestfl]
[Jam'prnjan]

Idt,stntl'grerJn]

[,drsrnta'grerJn]

IdIs,setls'fakJn]

[,dlssetas'frek"n]

Idl':s]
['dausall]
Ida'nett]
[,daun'greld]
['dlnstI]

Idl'vr:s]
['dc:sl]
['dounelt]
['daungreId]
['datnastl]

[,i:gl'aId]

['i:glaId]

[,i:kju'menIk]

[,ekju'menlk]
['egno:g],

[,eg'nog]
['t]

['i:r]

It,lek'trtsatl]

[Jou'fr:]
[{lm'panzi:]
Isl'kelda]

[,ehk'tsatt]
[,lk'rk]
[,enkefa'laItts]
['i:pok]

Ien,sefa'laltts]
['epak]

Ikli;'Jel]
['kc:dIfal]
Ika'mju:nl]
Ika,mju:nl'kel]
[kam'peItrIat]

Il'r]
['eskalop]

[t'reIs]

[,i:va'lu:$n]

[,eva'lu:Jn]

Iklr:k]

IIk'sk:J]

Iko:m'pleks]
Ikam'po:zlt]
['kc:nstab1]

Ikan'vr:5n]
['k:rdl]
Ikal'outI]
['kri:dou]

['kri:melt]
Ikwc:'sd:]
['ku:ku:]

['saIklaman]
Idel'bju:]
['di:pou]

Idl'tell]
[,daIa'bi:tas]
[,darag'nous]

['dlktert]

,,lt

II,1ek'tro:nlk]

[,eska'loup]

Irk'skr:]

Iek'sphkatrl]

['kshk,t:rl]

[fan'telzla]

[fre'tl]

[fi':ser]

[,fi:o:n'set]

['figa]
[fil'treIt]

['figja,]

[fik'selt]

['felkn]

['filtrelt]
['fikseIt]

rrrmh
forhcaa

[fraz'rnrrtJ]
['f:hd]

[fa'reva]

Ele

['go:la]
['grer:]

['geila]
Ig'r:5]

['gi:za]
['glresta]

['galza"]

['godrem]

[,gc:d'drem]

frltrate
afg

trcr
gllr
'Eddam(n)
herass
herem

[frls'trelt]

['hrs]

['h:ri:m]

[,fc:rrez'mrrtJ]

['f:rd]

[f:r']
['fr,rstreIt]

['gll]
[h'rres]

['hrm]

heaven-sent
herb

hoof

hospitable

hygienic

idyllic

illustrative
implicative
impregnate (v)
improbability
improvisation
inapplicable
ineligibility
inexplicab-le
inherence
inhospitable
interface (v)
interlope
invasive

jackal
jaguar

jalousie
junta
juxtapose
lamentable
leisure
liaison
lieutenant
limousine
lingerie
liqueur
loath
locate
lwr
lukewarm
magazine

[,hevn'sent]

['hevnsent]

[,m:'ri:]

['m:,I]

['mres:]

Ihufl

[mreO'mretIksl

Ima'so:5]
[,mreOa'mretIks]

[h:]
Ihu:f]

Ir:b]

Ihos'pItabl]

['ho:spltabl]
[,hlI'Ik]

IhI'i:lk]
'drhk]
['llastratIv]
Irm'phkatIv]
['lmpregnett]
Ilm,proba'bllatI]
[,Impraval'ze{n]
[,In'pllkabl]
Il,nelra'bIlatI]
[,lnrk'sphkabl]
IIn'herns]
[,tnhos'pItabl]
[,mta'feIs]

[,Inta'laup]
Im'vetstv]

IaI'dIhk]

[,rmprc:ba'btlatt]
IIm,pro:vl'zetJn]

Ir'neplrkabl]
[,rnelra'bIlatI]
[,tn'eksphkabl]
Im'hIrs]
Irn'ha:spItabl]
['lnta.feIs]

['lBmantabl]

Im'l]
[ln'vr:5n]
['rekI]
['regw:r]
['lsr]
['hunta]
['rkstuz]
Ila'mentabl]

['l]

['li:]

Ih']
Ileftenantl
[,llma'zi:n]
['lrr]
Ilt'kjua]
Ilau0]
Ilau'kelt]

['li:azo:n]
Ilu:'tenant]

II':J]

['rek:l]
['gju]
['luzi:]

['t]

[,rrkst'z]

[,lu':]
[,lu:k'w:m]
[,mrega'zi;n]
26

rg

Il'ltrt]
['ImphkeItlv]

['mtTloup]

['llmazi:n]
[,l:'rl]
[h'kr:]
Ilou]
['loukefi]
['lu:r]
['lu:kw:m]
['mregzi:]

[,mI']

[,met'neI]
['metanelz]

[,medt'i:vl]

[,mi:dt'i:vl]

Imt'relr]
[maI'grett]
[,mllt'o:d]

['mtlr:l]
['matgrelt]
['mIlja,d]

['mIr:5]

ImI'r:5]

[,mIstren'sleIt]
[ma'rBlatr]
Ima'sto:J]
Imju:'latau]
['muzlIm]
['rfi]
['nesasrh]
Inju:'faundland]
['nju:s,pelpa]

[,mIs'trrenslett]

Ini:J]

[tJ]
[,no:nJa'lo:nt]
['noutert]

['mretIner]
nalO

nd (dog)

['nontJlant]
Inau'teIt]
['nu:go:]

['okllt]

Drprlka

hrll
parlav

['nu:z,peIpa,]

Ia'kllt]

[':,s]

[,orl'go:nau]
[,aut'gauIgJ['reIk]

[:'rgu]
['autgoulgJ

[pa'rlzlan],
['po:lr]

Ipo:'tIsIpl]

Peatel

Ptrlotic

['prestl]
[,pretrl'otlk,]

hrgl

[,frl'i:l]

physiognomist

Im'lretu]
['mnzlam]
['nerelt]
[,nesa'serlt]
['nu:fandland],

['aunras]

PBftlciple
patroness

['mrrstreJ]

['nu:gat]
[,o:bs'li:t]

['obsli:t]

Utgotng

Im:'rltl]

[,pettra'nes]

[,fizt'onamtst]
27

[re'ri:k1
['rtl]
['po:rlel]
['po:rtrsrpl]
Ipres'tel]

[,pettrl'c:,ttk]

['peltranls]
[f'rlll]
[,fizt'o:gnamIst]

placate

plantain
plebiscite
poem
poetess

polysemy
predecessor
predisposition
rmtur
rmis (v)
rsg (v)

prescience
pretense
princess

privacy
process (n)
profanity
rgrss (n)

prolix

rmd
provost
pulsate
quasi

quinine
rl
rSs

recluse

reconcilable
ritr
refutability
refutable
rgistrr
reify
rejuvenescence
remit ()
rmstrt
Renaissance

['pleIkeIt]

[pla'keIt]
['plrenteIn]
['plebIsIt]
['paulm]

['plenttn]

[,paul'tes1

Ip'hsImIl
['pri:dl,sesa]
[,pri:dlspa'zrJn]
['rmtJ]

Iprl'malz]
['rsI]
['prestans]
[rl'ts]
IprIn'ses]

['plebasalt]
['pouam]
['pouftls]
['pc:hsi:ml]
['rd,ss,]

Ipri:,dlspa'zlJn]
[,pri:ma'tur]
['premts]
[rl'sl]
['rfs]
['pri:tens]
['prInsIs]

['rsl]
['pro:ses]

['prrvast]

['prauses]

[r'ftI]
['rugrs]
['praulrks]
[,rm':d]
['prnvast]
Ipd'selt]
['kweal]
['kwrni:n]
Irlal]
Irl'ses]
IrI'klu:s]
['reknsailabll
[,rk'lt]
[,refjuta'bIlatI]
['refjutabl]
[,rI'str:]
['rellfal]
[,ri:u:'ss]
['ri:mlt]
['rmstrlt]
Ira'nelsns!
28

Iprou'frenatll
['pro:gres]
Iprou'hks]
[,pro:ma'neId]
['pouvoust]
['pzrlselt]

['kweKat]

['kwalnatn]
Iri:l]
['ri:ses]

['reklu:s]
[,rekn'saIlabl]
[,ri:k'It,]
Irl,fju:ta'bllatr]
Irl'fju:tabl]

['rlstr:r]
['ri:afal]
Irt,u:'ssl
Irl'mlt]
Irt'm:strIt]
[,rena'so:ns]

drrs

Epatltttion
F8rtg

ierch ()
turfl
lturt
nlflcation
Etate
EchBt
Edlam
::tt (lo sooth)
Endwlch

tr

Event
iEEPhonist
Feffold
thdul
-&frBtress
EBmont (v)

lBptuplo

['rdtu:]
[,ri:pretrt'etJn]
[,r:'t:5]
IrI's:{]
Irl'z:sfl]

Irl's:rsfl]

Ira'teIt]

['routert]

['saJel]
['seIdlzm]

Isa'Jel]
['sredzm]
IsBv]

Isrelv]

['srewr]
['so:dnlks]

['srenwIS]

Iso:r'dc:nlks]
['seItrep]

['sretrre]
['s:]
['srevant]

['sauna]

Isrek'sofnIst]
['skrefau[d]

['Jedju:l]
['semstrls]
Iseg'ment]
['septjupl]

;.rruS

[,sIml'teInlas]
Islau0]

Islaul
['smll]

Isev'o:nt]
['sBksfounlst]
['skrefld]
['sku:l]
['si:mstrls]
['segment]
Isep'tnpal]
['Jepa,dIs]
[,salml'telnjs]
Islc:0]
Islu:]

[,solt'tea]

['smt0l]
['so:later]

Isnm'eha]

[,szrmlJer]

['s:rs]
Is:]

Is':rs]

Isur]

:tlrrtt1l

['skwlrl]
Istreg'nett]
['stBlaktalt]
['sttrap]

tlhltr
;ulrtiti

['szrbltn]
[,sm'ri:]

ltelBctitc

['rlr:{]

[,ri:ju:nlfI'kelJn]

[,Jepa'des]

tta8nnte

Irl':rtl]

['str:t]
Iri: ju:nafi'keIJn]

['rstr5:]

Bpherdess
mults
:lath
rlgh (6og)
tfrtthy
lltt
tftmlir
tr
ulrrl

['r:du:]
Irl,peItrl'eIJn]

29

['skwr:lI
['stregnelt]
Ista'lrektatt]

['str:]
Isab'c:lta,nl

['s,rbmari:n]

SuggeSt

Sur

Surmise (n)

testator

thither
tirade
tiramisu
tomato
trmt
tourniquet
toward r)
transliteration
trefoil
trespass (v)

trth
truncate
turquoise
unaccented
unnecessarily
uptown
ril
sius
uS
vacate

vaccine
valet
valise
vase

rmuth
rsi
vibrate
viol.a (flower)

violonce1lo
weekend

worldwide
wroth

Is'st]
[su:':l
['s:m]

Isg'st]

Isa'pr:b]
Is.'malz]
['testertT]

Ites'terta]
['dld]

['0Id-]

ItaI'reld]

['talretd]

[,tIraml'u:]

[,tIra'mi:su:]

Ita'mo:tau]
['tuanamant]

Ita'mettoul
['tr:mt]

['tuanlkel]

['tr:nlklt]

ytltl!

yt|tllFJell'
*&1

[,o:bu:'do:bt]

['remz]

Am:tcrcjarTl

[,remsta'drem]
Ia'mjua]

['remz:]
['emsta"drem]
[:'mur]
[,red'lu:]
[':rz|
['bregdad]
['k:k]
['belfo:st]
['belgreld]
['bu:karest]
['bu:dapest]
[,wls'ri:z]
['bIznti:n]

mur
Aidelrrsia

[,urnak'senttd]

Inn'reksentld]
[,s'srh]
['nptaun]

['tr:kw]

[vat'brefi]
['valala]
[,vaIalan'tJelau]

[wnls]
[,wi:k'endl
[,w:ld'wId]
Iru0]
0

[,bu:ka'rest]
[,bju:da'pest]
[,wIs'Iz]

[bt'zrentaln]

['kaleI]
['fi:vlt]

['verkeIt]

[vBk'si:n]
['vaht]

Iklvntrl]

['glreskou]

HlroHlrirrra

lbl*a

Ir'bi:Oa]

Ir'bi:za]

t
Elr:tw
glanrr

[,vi:lo:n'tJelou]
Iw:ltsl
['wi:kend]

lr

['Jevlat]
['koupn,heIgn]

IkovntrI]
[ga'lrepagas]
['u]
['glo:zgau]
[9l']
Ihel'sIkl]
Ihl'roJlma]

Elleprrgos

['vi:ala]

Ir:0

Ikrel'eI]

[,kaupn'helgn]

HBlHtrrki

['wr:ldwaId]

fe'zc:z|

[,bBg'dad]
[ba9'kok]
[bel'fo:st]
[bel'greld]

Ijurnl]
Iu:'5urlas]
fiu:'sr:p]

[v.'mu:0]

[,renda'lu:sla]
[raq)

['tr,r,kelt]

['r:]
['valbrelt]

[':J]

[,rebu:'dc:bl]

Itrre,sht'r{]
['tri;fcll]
['trespres]
Itrc:0]

[va'li:s]
[vets]

[jur'self]

I)lrabi

[,trrenzlttr'elJn]
['trfIl]
['trespas]
Itrau0]
Itr'klt]
['t:kw:z]

Iu:'zjuarlas]
fiu:'z:]
[va'kelt]
['vBksi:n]
['vreleIl
[va'li:z]
[vc:z]
[':m0]

['zi:bral

RP

It:rd]

[jua'raInl]

[j:'slf]
['zr]

4, l l- -

AmBrtlrr

[rrp'taun]

[jurzl

t;ll,l:

Ita'wc:d]

['ssrh]

[j:z]

l:rgl
Latr:

Iga'lo:pagous]

['w]
IgI'ena]
['helsIkr]
[,hlr'Ji:m]

Il'r]

II'r:]
['IzreIal]
['leIos]

['lzrral]
Ilaus]

Los Angeles

Malaysia
Maldive
Moscow
Neva
Oslo
PaKstan
m
rgu
ris
rt Said
de Jir

Rumania
Shr
Salzbug
Sarp Rm
Siam
Silesia
Sigr
Slovaa
Stockholm
Strasbourg
Sudan
Suez
Tahiti
Tunisia
Uruguay
Versailles (i

Vietnam

Ils'rli:z]
Im'lI]

Fr)

['m:ldi:v]
['moskau]
[']
['ozlau]
[,po:kl'sto:n]
[,re'm:]

['preragwaI]
['prerls]

Il:s'rels]
Im'lr]
['mBldalv]
['mo:skau]
['ni:va]
['o:slou]

[,ri:ud|lru]
[ru'meInta]
[s'h:r]

['pBkIsten]
['rem:]
['peragwet]

['s:lzr:9]

[,sen'reImau]
[,sat'am]

[,sre'ri:mu]

[saI'li:zra]
[,slg':]

['stokhauml
t'strz;g]
[su:'do:n]
['su:tz]

[tc:'hi:tr]
[tju:'ntzla]
[Juaragwal]
[vea'sat]

['sto:khoulm]
['stro:sburg]
Isu:'dan]
Isu:'ez]
Ita'hi:tt]
Itu:'ni:5a]

IJuragwet]

[vr:'sat]

15. ,

, ,
:

Adidas

Adolf

RP

['redldas]

Ia'di:das]

['ko:tIeIl

[,kc:rtl'el]
Ikre0'li:n]
Iset'zo:n]

['eldo:lfl
2

Iklou'tIlda]
['do:nteI]

[,don'koilos]
[,dnn'kwIksat]
['feba5eI]
[,:l':]

[,do:n'ko:lous]
[,do:nki:'houteI]

['Iri:]

IaI'ri:n]

[,frer'l]
[,:r're]

['m:l]

[,lc:rl'el]
Ilufto:nza]
[m'I]
['m:rlru]

['mures:]

['moupaso:nt]

['luft,hansa]
['mreI]

['mh]
['moneI]

['nlsBn]
[,nostra'delmas]
Ia'drsju:s]
Ipr'kresau]

['w:ru]

['adolfl

['Joupren]
[,khou'pretra]

['delbju:si:]
[,di:da'rou]

['lorlell
mil

['beltouvn]
['bu:da]

['di:darau]

Qulxotc

['renOanI]
[':lzrek]

['buda]

[,kII'tr]
['klotlld]
['dentt]

[,vi:et'no:m]

[,vjet'nam]

[,en'stel5a]

Idalbu:si:]

['slg:r]
Islou'vo:kta]

[sla'vrekta]

Ia'merlja]

[,rena'steIzIa]
['rentanr]

['"]

Isal'rem]

[saI'li:Ja]

['m:lr]

['kreOli:n]
IseI'zren]

[,ri:oudet5a'nerou]
Irou'melnIa]
Isa'hera]

['srelts:g]

Ia'do:nrs]
[,o:ma'deIus]

['brelzrek]
(composer) ['beIthuvn]

['rIs]
[,:rts:'i:d]

[,po;t'sard]

Ia'daunIs]
[,rema'deIas]

['pontlas]
Ipra'knfIef]

[,moul jr]

Imou'nel]
['ni:so:nl
[,noustr'do:mas]
Iou'dlsras]
Ipr'ko:sou]
[w:'ru]
['po:ntJas]

Iprou'kc:fief]
JJ

Richelieu
Ttrrgenev

V Gogh
ir
Xenia

['rlJlu:l
Itur'gelnafl

['ri:Jlj:]

It:'glj]
Ivren'gof]

the ;best of ,both

'worlds

[vren'gou]

['zevIa]

['zj]

['zenIa]

['zi:nja]

situation whr you have the

rt of two very different
types of advantage at the same

time.

,
,
. :
16.

way of printing lette that

makes them thicker and drkr
than usual.

who is mmr of the

' ,scout

Physically strong and active.

A'chilles'

,Adam's'apple

,heel

'Adam's,apple

Scouts, which is rt of
the Scout Association, an rgnization that urgs ug
people to leam rtil skills
and help thr people.

weak feature of someone

something that could cause
i
failure r attacked.

'rd .butter

The front rt of the throat

which sticks out, especially
m, and which ms up

mas pudding.
'brussels ,sprout

and down when he swallows.

an a'ddress ,book

,ballroom 'dancing

thick sweet rd-flrd

sauce that you eat with christ small rud vegetable
consisting of m gr
wrd tightly around each
other.

'llrm ,dancing fml kind of dancing

in pairs r grus to special
music, such as the waltz r

foxtrot. It is usually done

ldr people, and idrd
old-fashioned m you

retr
,

r,

Someone r something that is

almost exactly like another
person r thing. The rigil
meaning of was
made using r r.

'rtkr

grmt which holds

,govemment

office fr usually short period

between the end of one gr-

ment and the appointment

of new gmt.

l.
4

 ,city'slicker

'city ,slicker

Connected with punishment

(ifrmt) Someone who l

and works in city. This
is usually used people fi

r the encouragement of
obedience.

the countryside who dislike

people frm the city.

An old-fashioned type of

clear-'headed

Able to think in sensible

calm way.

spots

,clear-'sighted

l to judge the situation

quicy and accurately and
make sensible decisions.

idl-,dkr

bus.

m: club sandwich which is

thick sandwich that consists
of three slices of bread with

traditional type of
which people dance with
rt moving in lines and
circles as rt of lr
Food, clothes, wrmth, and
thr things that increase

layers of meat cheese in

between.

'double ,take

1]

physical mfrt.

'ciminal,law

The law ig crimes

thir punishmenb.

man's frml jacket that is

'drss r,hsl

h last rhrsl of l when

the actots wr the special
clothes rrd fr public
rfrm of the play.

controlled mutr
travel very long

Hnd of rih chocolate

often eaten in the

us.

to rt

a'dress ,coat

ul missile that is

devil's-'food cake

after slight pause, because

you r surprised what

The seats in the front rt of the

ur flr in theatre.

Sympathy.

at ry low tmrturs.

do double take

you'vejust seen r hrd.

Isi tea r thr

isir signs of srrw r

An apparatus fr keeping

r: also double-decker bus.

bus that has both an ur
and lwr level whr people
sit - the typical British

the people and

an r to help people in

'country

ofink to produce letters.

examine something twice or

again fr exactness r quality.

An amount of m col

com'munity ,chest

,country'dancing

printer that uses very small

r'hrl

short at the front and has two

long pointed parts that hang
down at the back.

The leader of military

marching band.

,drum'mjr
'dry goods

r: goods such

'fflB:

as tea,

liquid.

any mr.
'golden,age

an 'Eastsr,bonnet

bonnet

happy; when something was

the most successful.
'grade point
,rg

(GPA)

(:

of wm's
4l) w at Easter. Traditi
nally, women used to buy,

is used to decide whether

old-fashioned clock in

tall

wooden placed on the flr.

musical instrument
( ).

'gr,

,every,which'way

'every which ,way

In all possible ways.

the ,evil'

the 'evil ,

The supposed wr to
people looking at them.

give somebody the evil

look at someone in an unpleasant way, especially

the'Gunpowder
Plot

plan in

the 'gutter ,press

Newspapers that contain lot

of shocking stories about
rim, sex, and famous people.
This wrd shows that you do
not r ofthese
newspapers.

you r angry with them.

a'reld,mahd

An fftr of the highest

the British rm.

'footloose and

Able to trl rud and

h you like because

,f-,fr

The average ofa student's

mrks r id of time. It
high school student will
accepted into particular
college r univeity.

hat to wear in church on

Day.

footloose and
fancy-'free

period of time, either rl r

imaginary when everyone was

piece of equipment like

small lift used for moving
and dishes up and down tween the floors of the ki
and dining r ofa rst

an Easter'bonnet

sells furniture, clothes, books,

toys etc that they do not want

example, sheets and curtai

a'dumb,waiter

occasion when someone

and flour'that contain no

AmE: things made of cloth,

dumb'waiter

g'rg ,sale

r not mrrid r involved i

relationship with anyone.

ttBr'pross

1605 Roman
in
England to destroy
Catholics
Parliament in an explosion.
The plan failed, but is
rmmrd in Britain every
r on Guy Fawkes' Night.

 ,halfiMay'house

a'halfway,house

jumping jack

Something that has some

features of one thing and
features of thr thing.

jointed
tgur that is made to jump,
m r dance pulling

toy consisting of

string r stick attached to it.

male thr who is in

ofa school.
head'quarters

smooth sauce made with

hollandaise 'sauce

yolks ofeggs, utt and

Behaving in calm and sensible

way, in difftcult situation.

iuice.
The activities and living
conditions of the people who

the ,hm'front

a'life-su,pport
,system

stay at hm during war.

,hot-'headed

'hot-,headed

Becoming angry r excited

easily and tending to do t
without thinking about the

a,long'weekend

sult.

an,inside Job

in,sider 'dealing

(or'trading)

an in,ternal m'bustion ,engine

an'inside job

,insider 'dealing

(r'trdig)

(ifrmt) rry done

someone connected with the
place, organization etc which
has been rd.

a'mail ,rdr

and selling business shrs

people (such as m
directors) who take advantage
of thir special knowledge of
the plans and business affai
the companies for which they
wrk.

40

or two t days fr in addi

tion to the usual Saturday and

Away of buying goods in which

you rdr them post r
telephone and they r posted
to u.

The process of collecting

information about what people
u and why.

i,trl m|rlur

Several separate things that

sold r accepted together.

weekend when you have

Sunday.

The illegal practice of buying

,bustion'engine

1) set of machines that keep

someone alive when they r
very ill; 2) set of equipment
that keeps l alive in space
r under wtr.

mas'sage ,rlur l) l where to

have masge; 2) euphemism
fr thl - place where
men to have sex.

 po'lice ,state

country in which most

activities of the citizens r
controlled (secret) political

police.
to,need smth like
,hole in the 'head

to ,need smth like

a'hole in the ,head

Having the eyes wide open,

especially with surprise r
excitement.

Something you don't need.

'rimry,lr

of thr colours (rd,

yellow, and blue) frm which
all other colou made
mixing.

Small jobs of various types

in ur home, such as
and fitting shelves.

the'private ,str

the businesses, industies,

and services that r not owned

r managed the government.

place whr someone will

happy and successful.

a,parting'shot

'parting ,shot

last rmrk, special look

made at the moment of

'promissory ,note

document giving the details

the 'public ,sector

Those industries and services in

country that r owned and
ru the state, such as (in
many countries) the education
service and the rilws.

'r re,lations

The relationships between

people of different rs who
live in the same country. Race

leaving, especially as the last

rl in an gumt.

the ,pickwick
'Papers

book Charles Dickens

about the adventures ofthe
mms of the pichyick

the'pickwick
,Papers

who include r pickwick.

a,pith'helmet

a'pith,helmet

large hard rud hat wr

the tris to protect the
frm the sun, especially in
past.

,lr'r

'lr ,r
42

'latlon

of ur promise to
someone particular amount
of m specirc date.

relations, especially in the lrg

cities, r often rlm.

'Rockefelle ,tr

,Rockefeller
'tr

1rg group of buildings in

New-York City, which inc
offices, rt halls, shops,

type of lightning that makes

the whole sky look very right.

wkr who represents other

and works of rt.

the,Round'ble

the'Round,ble

the ,ruling'class

the 'rlig ,class

wrkrs in rtilr union i

meetings with mgrs.

The table at which King Arth

and his knights sat, according
to old stories. As it was round
all the places at it were equal.

a'silicone ,chip

,satellite'television
small piece of sausage meat
tubelike covering ofpastry
rw ,top

'season ,ticket

a,season'ticket

which is made to

bottle r thr container.

'

'silr ,foil

separately.

For the use ofonly .

the ,smll'hrs

the,small'pint

Ifan article sells like hot

it sells well.
,set'piece

a'set ,piece

'set ,point

Something that is usl

made difIicult to understand r
is easy not to notice, such as
rt of agreement r

contract.

especially effective scene

work of rt etc,
planned using well-known
frml pattern r style.

play,

(i tis) The point that is

would enable the srr to
the set.

Vry thin shee of aluminiurn

( metal that loob like silver)
that is used in cooking and for
wrapping food.

thin l of silver covering

the outside ofan object.

ticket fr mr of
journeys, rfrms etc
have to fr eachjourney

set of complicated electronic

connections on it, used

especially in muts.

twisted tightly onto the top of

during rtilr rid,

at lwr price than you

small piece of silicone with

Smaller r less impgrtant than

thr things of the same kind.
,smart-'aleck

(ifrm|)

rs

rMho annoys

others claiming to know

everything and trying to sound
lr.

 ,sneak'thief

'sneak thief

thief who

a ,social 'limr

a'social ,lim

(derogatory)

spends money r tries to

lB'tato

class.

'social ,science

'sweet po,tato

The study of people in soc

usually including history
politics, economics, soci

someone who has sweet tooth

likes to eat sweet food.

One of the services provided

grmt r local
fr people with social

man's tall hat shaped like

drink which contains no

tube with rrw im, wr

alcohol and is srd cold.

on frml occasions.

feeling of special Kndness

liking; fondness.
'Twelfth,Night
'spring ,roll

Chinese food consisting

ot:

small r1l of pastry tlled with

meat fish and vegetables,
cooked in hot oil and eaten
r cold.

,straw 'poll
(or,straw 'vote)

,street credi'bility

'straw ,poll
(or'straw ,vote)

vegetable which looks similar

to potato but has bright
rg flesh, and is the rt of
tropical plant, often eaten at
Thanksgiving in the USA.

Il

and anthropology.

,spring 'rll

The presentation ofplays

travelling companies in the
streets, in parks etc, often with
the use of tmrry r mobile
StageS.

s who

friends in rdr to
group ofpeople ofa h

social 'science

'Street ,theatre

steals things quiet

and quickly and without usi
fr, especially frm public

An unofIicial test of opin

before election, to see
the result is likely to .
(if rm t) lr accepta
and rl among ug
people.

1) The evening fr the

epiphany ( January), which
rrs the end of the Christmas period. Christmas cards
and decorations r usually
taken down Twelfth Night;

2) humorous play
W. Shakespeare.

'venture ,capital

Money lent to start up new

business m, especially
risky .
The signs that show you r alive,
fr example u rthig.

A,neck opening of drss,

etc, with the frt cut in the

shape ofa V.

!t one I, r

Rur boots which keep

frm the feet and lower part

the legs.
,West'it;;

'West,Point

The usual m fr the

us

Military Academy, at West

Point in Nw-Yk, next to
Hudson River. West Point is
oldest military college in t
US, whr students r
i dgr while they
trained to m rm
offtcers. It is greatly rs,
and m famous US mili
Id and presiden atte
,

West Point.

.Yellow'Pages

'Yellow ,Pages

type oftelephone di
that contains the telephone
numbers and addresses of
businesses, shops, and othe
organizations in city r
rrgd according to the
of service they provide.

tl , one's, oneself,

AmE

he,

r shld tr to get to know one's iurs.

shld try to get to know his neighbors.
cannot succeed in this unless tries hard.
onl cannot succeed in this unless he tries hard.
Q shld careful in talking to one's colleagues.
Bhould rful in talking to his colleagues.
l- tt ([/we) l r .& shall, 'lt; m shall, JI,
:

/ will late this evening.

l wlll late this evening.
I rhBll

h <<>> r
al have got. m
iD have got:

{fuEl

l hve / have got two rthrs.

) l heve got two rthrs.

(r)

(tEl

Do have d ? uu "Do you w or

,

at this mmt?"

you got rd pen?

l{ ,
, r -

rft,

m -. st rft, Past Simple:

49

1) (r)

I' lost m key. Have you s it?

(m) I've lost m key. Have you seen it? u: I lost m

(rll l don't

u:

Did you see it?

2) (r)

(m) Sally isn't hr. She's g out. u: She went out,

lGOmmd, command, d, request, ask, advise,

tlI should, m

JI, should.

5. just, lrd yet

st rft, m *- rst r[t,

Simple:
not hungry. I've just had lunch.

2) (r)

3) (r)

What time is he leaving? -

What time is he leaving?

rlm.

What,do you sugget I do?

has ld left,

Thc him sd that the mtt should

decided at the next meeting.

has ld left,

Tho hirm sd that the matter decided at

alrrjady left.

the next meeting.

Have you finished r wrk yet?

The committee rmmdd that the company should

lnvoBt in w rrt.
The committee mmdd that the m invest
l now rt.

Did you finish ur wrk yet?

6. r

We lnsisted that something should done about the

What do u suggest I should do?

(m) Have you finished ur work yet?

u:

) We lnsisted that something done about the problem.

just had lunch.

(m)
u: -

) l demanded that he apologize.

(AmE) I'm not hungry. I've just had lunch,

I

l demanded that he should apologise.

lE)

u:

l saw hrfr.
, demand, insist, suggest,

Sally isn't here. She's gone out.

1) (r) I'm

know who she is. I've yr seen her fr.

, frd, Buggestion, rsI, rmmdti, mmd,

rdvlce , " 7t
filtnl/ sry /desirable/essential that...oo "| ftef ...
l|ug /gr / d that...":

1) (r)

Have you r idd horsei

(AmE) Have you r ridd hrs?

u:
2) (r)

Did you id horse?

I don't know who she is. I've seen her befi

Wht cl<l think of Jane's suggestion that I should

btly rt r?

) Wlrl dll you think of Jane's suggestion that I buy

5l

r?

2\ (r) His

demand was that I should 1

rirJ1 yl t ,

fr paris at

(m) His demand was that I leave f paris at .

3) (r)

rot f thc window.

It's essential that you should hr on time.

out of the window.

lt hs been spoilt.

(m) lt's essential that u hr time.

4)

(r)

dlr has spoiled.

[t's imtt that you should meet him F

tl

Past Participle got r gotten m

to have got ""):

(m) It's imtt that you meet him on Friday.

5) (r)

I am anxious that nobody should hurt.

(m) I m anxious that nobody

ht.

E{lih has got mh better.

gllsh has gotten much better.

, , ,
{
-

m, r rvake - woke - wk:

,lb
1) The committee

woke m very rl.

EhB waked m very early.

mmdd the m to invest

lli

rrt.

2)
3)
4)

It's essential that you here on time.

r,
t, qult wet
fit
fit,

: fit

I demanded that he apologised,

Was it necessary fr my uncle to informed?

qultted the job week ago.

. :

t
lean _
1r *
smell .spell spill spoil *
drm

wet

wet.

r, JI
dived [daIvd]):
d ldouv]
dlv

urd bumt,
dreamed . drmt [dremt],
leaned leant [lent],
ld lrt,
smelled smelt,
spelled spelt,,
spilled spilt,
spoiled spoilt .

AmE (dive

into the wr sea.

dove into the wrm sea.

}{ dlved

}-le

hrt need r
eodn't (do) don't need to (do); m
hto r| don't d to (do).
9*

53
52

qult the job week ago.

8. JI,

ur .*

qult, wet

(r)

(AmE)

tny mr cigarettes.

We needn't hrr. : We don't need to hurry,

We don't need to hurry.

bBBn hrc t days.

.- No,

-
m
have to haven't got to:
(AmE) You

ffE

donot have to tell Grg. : You haven't got

Grg.

(:

Shall I
(m) Should
iBrB) Which
(AmE) Which

hospital

read this book?

I read this book?
way shall we go?
way should we go?

hr l were injured and taken to hospital.

Thrce people wr ijurd and taken to the hospital.
toothache, rh, stomachache back z , f

r
1- ,

. BrE
FI . ,
JI . -

11. - I

I,aBAmE-ain'tI.
(r)

I'm late, r't I?

(AmE) I'm late, ain't I?
(r) 't I lr?

I'vc got toothache.

I' ve had toothache three times this week.

(m) 't I lr?

AmE lr _
. :

, ain't

,
zul,
"am not", "r not", "iS not", "have
"has not". :
I ain't going to tell him.

Don't talk to m like that

hospital , ..
tt >, r -

ln hospital,
/ take /send tofrom hospital,
lnto hospital

You can if you like but it isn't necessary

10. , ]
shall we ",?,
u, r shall L"?
should I...? should we...?

(r)

it ain't.

(AmEl Toothache

is hrril. I have toothache.

Jtt.l headache,
-

Ptle

,tlt:

you ain't m boss,

54

(tlrll7 m)

I h headache.
55

14.
the elite, the g
the rist, the lg, the bourgeoisie,
rrll
gyrmt,
the intelligentsia, the rltrit, the public,
(the) gSS, m, class, committee, rr, team, delegltion,.c
mi
staff, family, gu, m, fim, jury, audience, mjrit,

frr ir:]t u this, ;. that, , !hl tlal,l,o r this.

,
,i
,
m t
t.

HBllcr, Thls is Elizabeth. ls that Ruth?

HBllo. Thls is r rw. And who is this speang?

rd, hrd, flock r i

s l theso those.

don't tlrink much of these (ones).

l don't think muh of these.

(r)

rl m go and . :

The team is / playing well,

(m) The team is playing well,
(r) The gmt want / rvants to increase taxes,
(m) The gmt wants to irs taxes,

d jum in the rir.

CoJump in the rir.

mF] slowly slow

, . :

(r)

tt , , f"low, dangerous bend". a>rl: go slow,

Scotland is / playing Ft next week (i

match).

(m) Scotland

(BrB)

is playing Ft next week (i afootball

, m, 1 ,l ll rl:

Shell has / have increased the ri of trl,

(m) Shell

has increased the ri of gas,

t5. , _
,
, r ,I
:
AmE - ,
r

doll's house

doll house
bottle

baby's bottle
baby's

carriage

rm
56

wg l nice. You cook l we1l.

t,il,

rl
()JI. m.

Attt l lrrrg!
ltd lre ltl<lk annoyed!

3], ll r JI "cause smb r smth to do

gfrth" (l'letlll tlacTo < )> 51

he livcs in l{azel Avenue.

{) lte livcs Hazel u.

lrF,l

have, ,, : to
to to

* to:

(m) Have r Smith m in

.,," at the side of at the edge of g l , m:

t cdge of cliff

now, please,

I had everybody fill t frm,

23, <(-
l
can't
> r
Am
cannotbut do,
doing, r

't help t do:

mF] ll l}De at home at ryi

(r) ls anybody at hm?
l stayed at home all day yesterday.

(r .) I couldn't help laughing,

(BrE u.) I could t but laugh, ,
(m .) I couldn't help t laugh,
24.

r AmE:

1) r

l t

next last:
I

was nextbut inthe queue to see the doctor

one but the ftr).

m." Jackie lives next dr but

m).
I s last but in the r yesterday
last).

(:

(:

(:

not the

two houses fi

the one fr

2') as..,as ,
AmE, as :
she is hard as nails.

3)

4)

m r

(m) ls anybody home?

l stayed home all day yesterday,

?l

d .>
, m -

lI, d
}Ut

r, rd. rr:

BrE

(H)lrlund the rr
lo sit ()rud table

rud the rr
to sit rd table
to rk around the clock
to tur rd
to sleep around the clock

to k (a)round the clock

to tr ()rud
to sleep (a)round the clock

lul rd d ,
3 tttl,
i trrlt. { BAmE i rd, r rud,

:
See you () Tuesday.
You can start wrk (on) Frid morning,

lir

Will you hand d the rs?

Will you hand rd the

Can I look rd?

I look d?

i,m-:

58

59

papers?

would you like to walk rd would you like to walk

the University this ftr? rd the Universi t
afternoon?
8) "h and there", "in lots of places", "in
s of, r I: rd,
I rd:
about, m

:tJt JI -

r AmE.

m
EBt

wandering ()rd / about, rushing ()rud / about

scattered (a)round / about the rm, standing (a)round

, 11 ,

rt m

..

9) r

about m rd
, ,
, :

lPrr,lt to / with smb

to / with smb
ffdtB to smb
5rctBBt against smth
ts fllltn fum
hk smth
ts emth again

to Frid

th weokend

()

G *kds

Stop fooling t.

I spent the day messing t in the garden.

(AmE) Stop fooling rd.

I spent the day messing rd in the garden.

l0) AmE as
like. JI
r,
CIIIA
Nobody loves you like I do, .
, m, like
as if:
she sat thr eating rm cakes like there was no tmrrw,
sat thr smiling like it was his bihday.
She started kissing m like we wr on ur honeymoon.
60

lfrBnt

fm / to

to meet with smb

to vbit with smb
to speak with smb
to talk with smb
to write smb
to protest smth
to fill in / out frm
to check smth out
to do smth r
Monday through Frid
on the weekend
on weekends
different fm / than

:
-

l.

, "S

" s m " ,

-,
-

s m, could I get past?

s m, could you tell me the way to the station?
Oh, srr, did I get ur foot?

. r
"I beg r rd":

(AmE) s m / d m, I hope you haven't waiti

1ong.

,
JI, "Sr?", "What?"
mu\ "Ig r rd?"
.
r "d m?":
(r / AmE)

It's the lumr at the dr,

it's the lumr.

62

Sry?

ground

fist
second
third ..

rrst

second

9 <(, , r to go through with smth,

t thgh with smth:

was determined to go though with his work whatever

I beg r rd, I didn't rliz this was your Seat,

AmE "
m" "rd m":

2)

l= l
t= r,
9q

r AmE :

,
!'Sr"
.
, :

(r)

BrE "How do you do!",

tl - , "How r ?"
rI "w r ?"

's m", "d" "S",

1) "Excuse m"

()

See you on Tuesday.

What?
u on T[resday.
I beg rd?
Y()u're going deaf.
I say it's time to go.
lt' time 1 go. rd m?

happened.

When will you thgh with ur wrk?

lft to bath [:0] << (t )r>

r ] m. : hBvc bath (r) to take bath (r/m). :

|'m feling hot and sticky. I think I'll take bath.

rti to bath :
lt'c ,rrr tum to bath the .

Anlli

to bathe [I]:

lt' vtlttr tur to bathe the .

63

6. tobathe "to swim"

r.

go f
1ll to have swim, to

swim in the rir.

smth", r to
fr the use of smth" "to sell the use of
, cl
( ts house, flat, V etc), to hir
, ( his
bicycle, an evening dress, hall fr meeting),
r a>
to t .
AmE , t
to t. hir

l grt of thought you might forget.

ontctimes I sort of wonder whether I shouldn't st of get
Jtlh, r something.
r eyes wr kind of greenish-gold.

r frth frthr , tl. m rI

tth.
lrss is frthr / tth away than Glasgow.
Ncw Yrk is frth away than Atlanta.

job to smb.

8. r vacation
. m ti I
t .
Iry ,r.

irl rI rr, fairly, rth tt, iultc:

'Ihis hat looks quite nice.
l{c did the translation quite we1l.

9. ,
sick:
tr is sick.
r sick ill, sick
ill
fl ,
:

(r)

spent rs looking aftet his sick mother,

Srry I didn't phone you: I've ill,

10. r
sr srl,
certainly, of urs, m

64

(, t,tt,t,ll, ..) .
m, Knd ot
l:JJlrl

7. to hir to rt :

give

Btlllt t st of Hnd of

to go swimming to swim. :

lt's go for

Certainly / Of urs.
] l lrrw ur tennis racket?
Sr / Surl.
'otlld you help m f moment?

ktE

rlulte .

lllr, itish m
tttll.rI t JI Hll. (-'JloBo rit i 01l,il . :
ttTltttle llitons Die in i Crash"
l

ll

tt

rr,lc

<( )> -

llll)il to take m to do an m. ,
*ltlll(llll,,l, to sit m.
65


16.

uu. lhe Grl Citificate'of

ClllA - high school diploma,

Electronics. m uses il
fr rd type antennae such as
it s sometimes used
with v sets.

Sd Education (GCS

7.

1]1:
rI ,

. JI
:

1

lrl

ft. Widely available in

British rsturts and tea
shops which specialize in this
sort of meal. I r, high tea
rf to mr substantial
ml taken at the same srt
time but with at least one
cooked rs.

Credit rd m. The

Bitish rh has
Master d since 1998,
m British people still

facilities

WLrr

ll-

(rc

(tl-

18 )

Use of radio recordings to

rl highlights i
after the event rtilrl

instant rl

light ml taken in the late

lrlgh tea (oDs)7

descend steep slope

using .

to Access.

( Uf;

during TV coverage of
ing events.

; - In itish usage, the word

rk is also used
- pejoratively to rfr to
somebody with seemingly

obsessive hobby interest in

zUI

something mechanical.

l
g!
l
8l

aru

us

lrr1,1r obs

, <(> -

llll l} ,

.
66

6,|

<.,>

hlr

(U

ll},r)

ilrl m also has lukr, jalopy

(oDs), hooptie and juk.

Both r and m h

lemon in this context.

u

buns r often sweet and

deliciously sticky and thr
r m varieties such as the
hot ss buns traditionally
served on Good Friday.

egg-plant,
eggplant (U,s)

paddle

Device that saves

and acto the hr of me
rizing their lines. US trm

rritry and should

m.

,
Fr ig-g and similar
rI games.

bathtub

davenport,
hidabed,
hideaway

The m trm hidabed is

rl rritry. It may
also called daybed
in both r and m. In
r, davenport is

type ofdesk.

cot

ll

ri
l

studio
(apartment)

panhandler

(U,s)

lKpoBab

(mum, zu-

variety of state payments to

custom made ,

This rfrs to clothing, th-

m\

welfare

H{UI

British bandstands do not

have sound eflecting shi
enclosures and r just fe

roofed and raised enc

in public rks.

the r and needy.

rvise custom made is rml

Bitish usage. r also has

bespoke sftw (/or
computers).

baking soda

sodium bicarbonate
(NarCO,,) of soda used in

cooking.

Tlre r trm is

usage. hr is specitc

lnvented the Hu

r trm fr the vertical

slats known, apparently, as

Laszlo Jozzef Biro in the

veticals in m. r also

1940's.

biscuit
(sweet)

has shades as colloquial

rf to dark sun-glasses.

In Bitish sg, is
times used to rfr
specircally to biscuit wi

chips ofchocolate inc

known as chocolate chip
cookie in m.

biscuit (dry

rkr

unsweetened)

In Bitish usage, kr
rfr to particular type
biscuit used with cheese
the usage krs can
that somebody is m
deranged. speakers
wr of offe

condominium,
condo ( US;

connotations.
The m trm chorizo
similar meaning.
Black r
white?

With
without?

- Both r and m use condoyI!{,

- minium to rfr to trritry

grd jointly two
nations. In rfrrig to
block offlats r does not
distinguish between rented
flats and individually
owned flats. condominium
usually means that the flats
r individually owned rthr
than rented.

JI

Specircally shade in
usage rfrs to conti
piece offabric that can

rolled r unrolled, known

llr blind in British
The rrgmt of
able horizontal slats is
as venetian blind in

to rSr, to
make rsr- ,
vation

ticket-offtce,
ticket-window

(mMautuHbt)

The word rit is idl

coming into ulr use.

(mMauluHbt)

(mu)

tava

Both and m have

"doing something
string" to mean "with t
least ditur
rSurS".

suspenders

(0 )

wheat rd

of

(U^)

I It isn't white. hr r many

variants some of which r
iust lurd, most of wlrich
are whole ml

Where wm keeps
grmts etc, against the
possibility of mtim,

11

husks is used in mang the

rd, notjust the gri.

In British usage,
r used to keep ladies'
stockings in the right

savings and

loan trust

champagne and rg juice.

JIHarl

holding components at
precise distance in both

general

drik made mixing

mimosa (U)

Both r and m use

to rfr to device for
supporting something or

dentistry and

migthl

the wheat including the

An organization originally

devoted to making loans to

help mmrs purchase

their own houses.
Spring loaded device fr
holding sheets fr

together.

sur line

rt of railway system.

Small bag wr d the

waist and resting the
bottom. In r, m is

fanny pack

slightly vulgar word fr

( u)

bottom and f is

distinctly ulgr word fr the

steal is now the mmr

htEl.,
daylight sa(British)
ving(s) time
time
summr

In m, smr time r
to period of time du
the summer.

m usage.
-

permanently site but can

moved on the back of
lrry. m tilr k is
equivalent to r r

Cable meaning V
cable is mm to
r and m.

,
<JI)>

rk.

Strictly there is no British

equivalent of the traditi
12'wide mri dir. I

British usage, the spelling

(and pronunciation) is
to indicate rthr lowly
establishment.
cyN{Ka, -

also uses canteen fr

small wtr bottle used
soldiers and mrs and

cafeteria,

( , zu)

for collection of cutlery.

, - The wrd auto is still sometimes seen in notices and

signs. The mri usages

would sd stg to
British .
r

trilr, house -

trilr ( Lr),
trailer hm,
mobile home

System frs let into surface

of rd to prevent
passage of animals whilst

Mobile living accommoda-

tion towed behind vehicle.

Caravans, sometimes called
just plain vans their use,
subdivided into tig
s whichare towed
people travelling frm place
to l and static r
which stay mr r less

74

allowing free passage

of vehicles.

Rfrrig to 1 cent coin as

confuses British
visitors.

trl

fur

US)

heating

J -

boiler

In ,
fur is industrial.

[n , rf to

uru (s)

of of furniture
typically found in oldfashioned offtces with both
drawers and fold-down
witing surface.
piece

(m
ul

d)
central (strip) median (strip)

Dividing strip down tlre

middle rsrti of

rrigw. s called
median strip in m.

druggist (oDs) ,

The word chemist is mr

mm in .

drugstore,

hrm rf

Fh fries

sell

hrm will also

variety of peonal rducts such as soap, tooth

don't m into , they

thick-cut chips, thin-cut
chips and whtr you get in

MacDonald's.
,1

brushes, toothpaste,

im is also used in both

r and m to rfr to the
art and film ltur of films.

etc.

chest,

welsh dssr

Sometimes just plain fries in

m. The variants hm fries,
steak fries and shoesting fries

to place whr medic

can obtained both on
off rriti. chemist]
shop as well as irti

hrm

table,

usually with 2-3 small dwrs

and 1 adjustable mirrr
used ladies fr doing their

make-up.

chemist's

dressing table is

piece of fuitur with

welsh dresser shelves, flat
srf and single w of
drawers, usually used fr
Storage and display of
etc. ln r, hutch is
usually outdoor, strutur
where rabbits, frrts r
similar animals live.

plastic wrap,
Sr wrap

:l
II
(d -

Ku dm|

( m m)

S w is US
rritry trm.

hat check
(girl), rri check (girl)

closing down closing out

lo1,1

Sale ofgoods when shop

m ceases regular
trading. m also uses this
rfr to stock lr

rtiul line of

(the) draft

discount

of

abolished in the l950's.

Advertisements often quote

rgulr admission ri and

( KuHo,
ri fr concessions. Other
mm u m.d.) uses of discount r the same
JI -

tnerchandise.

It was also called "national

seryice" in the uk but was

in r andAmE.

, -

trlm

,
-

Coastne is apparently
also mm to m
(oDs)

The mri style casket

looks very elaborate and in

rthr r taste to British
eyes. Coffins r invariably
very plain affairs.

iwrs of rrtis as
vS.

llr button

uses mst

of

stoye, ftlnge

fr the 'rhst

wedding reception r si

social occasion ().

condoms

rhi. "Dur" is r

rd m. "rj" is
an m brand name.
Rs is, rtl, used
fr rur boots in New

gld.
78

Used fr coong not heating.

In Bitish usage, domestic
kr miss both
heated hob comprising
urrs r hotplates on the
top ofthe kr (cooktop
in m) and heated
which fms the main part of
the kr.

Rrs is colloquially

urs

The ri uge r is
rr/rhi except when the
vehicles r camels. In ,
is mobile hm r
triir. mri este g
(rlt) rfr to groups of

book cookbook

 well insulated used

food etc. Both r and

also use lr as slang
for detention cell.

is usually gru of students

who r learning tgth. In
, you can also use class to
m gru of students who
all finished school r university in rtiulr r.

low-cut slip-on woman's

ilt
,

Both in r and m class

shoe. In itish usage, pump is

regional m f what is
now called tri r

AmE seems to increasingly

ig shoe. In Scotland

rsr the wrd dr

m, apparently, means "to

pass wind".

medical and forensic use.

ln British usage, thrd is

sometimes used in this

to identify something st
than the ml product.

counterfail

(, rcumuu,

um
u m.0.)

I British usage, stub is

shortened end of somethi
often implying that the rest
the object has rk
off. The usage stub one's
means "to bring the foot in

sudden, often accidental,

contact with some obstacle"
tfil is becoming
uncommon in r.

t]0

=de-sac

dead end

also has no thgh rd,

meaning rd that just

stops. Cul-de-sac is largely
td to suburban roads
and usually implies turning
ciricle at the end, often with
houses built rud it. People
live i cul-de- sacs not on them.
No outlet is also sometimes
seen in North America.

( ,

0m
u m.0.)

Docent implies volun

and ut usually frs
the dirtr r admini
of museum in m.

The mri facility is

technically called

( rc)

deposit t.

The obsolescent hrs

STD (Ssri ruk

Dialling) code may
encounted.

Biscuits made frm whole

wheat flur. s available

partly coated with chocolate
r as ir sandwiching

rm tlling.

Thxedo rfrs to thejacket

and trouse combination.

.1acket

dr m rsrs
silrwr fr the best cut

curriculum

vitae (V)

Document rrd to

imrss prospective
employers. rilm
is sometimes used
mri academics. In

do sums

l,ongshoreman is rtl
west coast trm.

British tg, rsum is

to m Surmr r

stevedore

summing up in any

l) ,

( d
zm);

fly

|r.r** |Insect with long

2)
-

legs (

() |Maxima). m uses

long-legs to rf to something called harvestman

(rdr Opilones) that lives
leaf litter and is sort of
spider with very long legs.

daily lr
, -
(u)

biscuit
, unem-

unemploy-

ment

ment mpensation/

/benefit

Money paid via state ru

insurance schemes for those
out of wrk. Unemployment
is the official title.

isur

dttttble rm

delicacies
82

garbage bagl

can, ashcan,
trashcan

garbage

collector

drawing pin

grtr

driver's
licence

(U)

mutr scientists talk

about garbage collection.
political rrtss has now
given m sanitation
gi. In r, this word
would rfr to somebody who
designs and builds sewe and
associated facilities, specialized fm of civil engineer.

(oDs)

It rts mechanical
to electrical . The mri usage would familiar

to British rs. dynamo

only generates DC whereas

tlre machine that generates

is called ltt.

0:0

dungarees

l Bitish usaae, ll
-i sleeved

used to cover one's

clothes when working in

job, In
dirty l r
r
usg, dgs often

to such grmt wr
children r women,
when pregnant, lt consists

bit
trouseis integral with

tt4

- Inexpensive class of mmft (rc) dation on train r rplane. In r, coach is

single decker bus-like
vehicle that cariies booked
ssg r is booked for

rt of passengers. Unlike
bus it does not stop to pick
u passengers at the roadside.

JI

slation

engaged tone busy signal

g!lgl11e,

ry , -

fir truck

({/

Professional fire fighte

Bppliance

deprecate the usage fir engi and rfr to fi appliances

(r) r fir ts (m).
The phrase fir engine is also
used in mri.

,
rI

lightning bug yK-cBTJUIK

(rc)

fir strtr

Otheise uses

in the same way as m.

christian
m,
given m

- Rlt implies mm
D - ofa professional body, the

National Association of
Realtors r its local

:r -

(m-

u)

Of insurance payouts,

fulr slice

JUI

lcd
ttrl

(face) flannel

Especially walk-in wrdr

r small storage rm that is
rmt ltur, not piece
of furniture.

apartment

String beans

agpole as single word is

mm mri usage.

flagstaff (obs)

tn , fringe is hir hanging

straight down beneath the
rml hir linc and usually
trimmed to straight edge.
Bangs rfrs to fringe at the
side with sharply swept frward ends.

flat occupying mr th

one flr is called

te in r and duplex in
Yrk. m uses townhouse
rfr to multilevel rtment. m rsrs the
tmt to rfr to

punctuation at the end of

sentence, otherwise it is just
dot r decimal point.

accommodation. r does
not distinguish between
owned flats and rented

bone

flick knife

crazy bone

(U

obs)

(m.) ,

, -

.,
In m, footba is game
rthr like rugby played witl
egg-shaped ball that the

football

players can throw or Kck.

r, this game is called

|llr

mri football.

(.,

m)

rzr

In British usage, d means

an r ofground adjacent to
building with hard surface
adapted for use vehicles and
horses. garden is l whr
plants r grw. In mi
usage, d covers both, frring to that rt ofthe rrty whr rs, especially vege-

tables, r grw for private

domestic use. This would
vegetable grd r kitchen
gd in r.

deep z
88

gr lr

gr Shift,
gr Stick,

stick shift

JI

(mtu)

.r

Stick shift/stick can also r

to r with manual
transmission_

first floor

In British usage, the floo of

building r numbered
starting a|zero rather than
one. So an mri rfr to the second flr would
correspond to British refer to the fist flr.

wrd with hanging

space on one side and

the other.

to give

lift

to give ride

caboose traditionally in-

rtl's

cludes sleeping and messing

pol!, (d-

facilities, is painted rd and

has sort of H-shaped chim-

Hbt rc)

ney, guard's does not.

ry

m term is rritry. t

idc dog

also sometimes rfrs to dog

guide.

hdshry

to ril

In r, hrdshry also

(zut,

things.

u m.d.)

hir grip,

ir Grip,
pin

(d )

hair slide

( )

(d )

90

rfrs to shop selling such

<uu>>,

<<>

gr thumbs

to grill

9l

i Gi is rritry.

 - In r, switchback
rfrs,

(mu)

d that goes up and

lot, also known as ilr]

r/
hltss
Heath

Rohinson
handbag

:
l!

20'h century humorists

and cartoonists specializing in
drawings of implausible and
eccentric machines tied together with string and sticky

Early

Rube

Goldberg

In , rs is used
women to rry ur

tape.

notes, credit ds etc (in

it is called i-us),

whereas handbag is used

wm to rry vast assorti-

ment of oddments including

their purses.
-

hash mrk,
hash sign

British people pound

sign is, of rs, the

u symbol f. Confusion

is hightened the fact that

the # 5ymlgl rs in the
same place on mri
keyboards as the f symbol

ri-

to have bath

to have
shower

to take bath

to take
shwr

important rd in town r

rfr generetail
and
rally to the shops
r
i
outlets of town

ci Often used to

Lane at edge of multi-lane

limited access rd. rk-

down l is specific to the

- North East
of the US.

mr sign,

pound sign
(#)

mm m forthe most

main street

tish kevboaids (above the

3).

In riti you hi something

if you r paying to use it fr
short time, but if you r
using something fr longer
period of time you rt it. You

can also hir s fr ajob

that will last only short time,
but you employ them fr rmanent job. In m, you
always hi people and rt
things, whether it is fr short
r long period of time.

scheme

fr paying fr sorne-

thing series of payments

after you have obtained the
item.

house boat

In Bitish usage, holiday,

often called u hodays, is
period of time during wh
you do notgo to school r
wrk, and usually you g to
place away frm hm to
rl. mi sks call
this rid vacation.
In the US, hoday frs to
,

single day fixed law when

people do not have to go to
school r wrk. In r, it is
usually called bank holiday

(because banks r not

for business). m uses legal

In , if someone is sick, the

food they have eaten suddonly
leaves thir stomach through
their mouth.

lndicator
switch,

lndicator

Christmas,

The trm is ritry

but it is surprisingly common,

(mMatuHbt'1

holiday with the same

meaning. Both BTitish and
mi speakers also call
this holiday. When
mi speakers say the holidays r the holiday ,
they rfrrig to the
riod of time that includes

Hanukkah ( id in Nmr Decem when Jewish people rmmr time when important ancient huh was
given to thi people), and
New Yr's Day. In r; the
r is to go holiday.

turn signal
(U), lik

In r, liks r used

hoes to rt them frm

being dracted thines going

either side. Vry old British
s used trffitrs, which
wr small illuminated mechanical ms that emerged frm
the top of the dr pillar.

r also has tdig estate.

,
lnqulry
(ft)

sometimes called electrical

tape r even sticky tape.

Itmissi sounds rthr

old-fashioned to British .

rrmgr

jello, JtjlIo-o

The US trm Jello-o is

prietory. wobbty edible geIatine based substance often
flurd with fuit and used]
as dessert. In ifish usage
it
is often srd with ice m
and is children's fuit.

( mu)

rI

( )

The drink rfrrd to

junction

Usually mrd location

wh you tr () r
l limited access hi-

way. I Nth mri, exit

umrig rmll rflts
the distance in miles (US) or

lmtrs (d) frm the

start of the highway except

the East Coast. In the UK,

junctions r umrd
successively with new
junctions built since the
rd
was first laid out having
umrs such as ''7'' d
" 1 lb,,.
.

as

in mi usage would not

rgd as such mny British drinkers. In British
usage, r is mildly alco-

holic rg served at temrtur that does not freeze

r st buds. Real is r

rrd with the minimum

of chemicals in traditional
fashion, usually in small local
breweries. In r, lager is r

brewed using low temperatur fementation. It is typically

lighter and lrr than rmal r and often served
chilled. The word lg has
some negative connotations
being associated with drunken

youths known as lg
The wrd ale is slightly rchaic and now means the
m as r. The wd stout
sris strong dark r

brewed with std malt

practice is black for live,

white fr neutral and gr
for rth, although it is not
rml fr the cord frm the
outlet to the appliance to have
lr coded wires.

rl and rtilrl
lr in Irld (Guinness is
best known brand).

article in

newspaper r

magazine expressing the opinions of the editor. The mri usage.is not umm

in .

lavatory
loo, toilet,
bog, WC

thrm,
toilet, john,
rStrm

In r, thrm usually
means rm with bath,
basin to wash r hands in,
and sometimes toilet. In
m, thrm may h
bath in it, but when mri
speakers ask to go to the

lcading first

violin, ldr

ul

( rcm)

rm they usually m

want to use the toilet. In thel

UK, you would just ask to go

to the toilet.

lead, flex

Flexible electrical cable

joining electrical appliance

r telephone to socket. Fr
wr connections British
rti uses the same colours
as r used in u, rw
fr live, blue fr neutral and
gr with yellow stri fr
earth. ldr British practice
still used fr rmt
cables is rd fr live, black f
utrl and g (r r
r) for rth. mi

If it is fr goods only has

the wrd hoist. grain eletr is called silo in .

limited (Ltd.) incorporated (Inc.)

, l ( uuu,
u u m..)

Medium

Radio stations broadcasting

using amplitude modulation
frequencies in the rg
555-1600 kHz. In Europ (and
the UK) the actual frq
range is 531 to 1611 kHz with
9 kHz channel spacing. Stations do not have distinctive
callsigns. hr r (in the

UK)

number of national sta-

tions (not all opeated the

) that can hd anywhere in the country.

(OO)

In Bitish usage, t

"the first coue" sometimes

known as sttr r in

shr circles hs d'.

(), pyridine and

In Bitish usage, the word

highway. is td to formal
and legal contexts.

l colouring.
But mincemeat is something
pletely different composed mainly of fruit and used
fr making delicious small
pies at Christmas time.

( u-'

umm)

mrig lines mrg

rtitt

half note

cell phone,

(t)

Ethanol (r5) that has

been made unfit fr drinking

the addition of methanol

(.)
Often just called the mobile in
r and cell in m.

cellular phone

l0l

motorway

expressway,

B}eeway often implies that

frw,

is not toll rd turnpil

Apart frm few bridges,
rds r urrtl u

rkw,

turnpike,
hiw,

in the

beltway,

UK, although

tho

country's first toll

is opened north of irmigham in 2004.

causeway

, -

(-

mu, -

, <(-

uO)

}>

British rr notes rrtl in grl iulti

are{S, r.|0, g20 and 950. The

f5

and f,10 notes r frquently called fis and

trs.

nasty, vic

bad-tempered

( rc)

In r, m usually desis someone who is stingy,

unwilling to spend m. In

m, m usually describes

sm who r something
that is unkind, cruel, r violent. It can also m good
but this is rl obsolete.

offthe peg

ready to wr

old age

sir citi-

pensioners'
tr

zens'center

(ophthalmic)
optician,
oculist

optometrist

oven hld

pot holder

oven glove,

(0 z
dt)

overfly,

flr
overtake
I

i"i.".o,l l[Jr'l".o \m)

l

packed lunch rw g

lunch

l
l

Lunch obtained frm sur-

markets r, mr usually,
made at home and taken to
wk. In US practice, surmarkets and grocery stores
give/sell customers brown
r bags to take the gceries home in. In UK rtice, plastic bags, with handles, r used, practice now
becoming common in North

America.
pants
parcel

shorts
package

l04

l
l
l
l

l
l
l
l
I

crossing l
l
l

pack

l
l
l
l

footputb l

ln lm, pavement

means

tlie trrd surface of rd, not

I
I the hrd raised level surf at
people
l the side ofa rd that
(See

as
in
walk

l
d road
road
BrE
f
lentry

lsudace).

l ,

paSS

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
I
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
llllbeacons.l
ll

|personal

ll

Il

l
l
l
l "
l
l
l
l
l

ll
ll

call

l
I

l
l

of

lsings r trlld trffi

|tights, some r still

u l

lttt but indicated

globes on stripped
|rg
ftr the known,
lposts
who first inministe
lsicing
Istalled

call I person-to- llrs

mrkd rt
pedestrians
used
rdw
I
The British
rd.
the
|crossing
is ssig"
"zr
lusage
ssuch

Isolescent.

lpedestrian Icosswalk In.l.*oor"r|Specially

SS

<<>

sidewalk Irporyup

Ipavement,
l

kettle-holder

r,,.,

||passaBe |hall, hallway

lllll

| |

them, as

Belisha

l
I

|
|

l
l
|

|-l
l I
| | |R I

lpetrol l
l
l
l

I*u,
l
I
l

l:;::;5-
.".""
l
l
l
|

l05

l
l

l
l

ln r, gas usually rfrs to

lclear iflmml substance
I

lsuch as methane r

carbolr

lmonoxide piped to domestic

|
I

l
l


lllll

Iand industial premises as

ut to cook food to heat
]
Ithe house. Gas also h
Ithis meaning in m. but

IBas
type of liquid fuel that is
la
'used to rdu
w in

hwr.
trl tank

gas tank

pillar

hoc

mailbox

In British usage, hog is

rs that claims exclusive
s of something, i.e. hogs it.
Frmrs use hog to m
male pig and sow to m
ml pig, the use of hog to
pig of either gdr is
lrl obsolescent.

fieId

pizza rlr

plait

braid

()

ll|u)Il
.|post

llll

llll

mailbox

l...t .l^ l ,i

----

..l

l_*_r,,.^

l--,l,,r^

|vJtqqt"

|",*"-*

l
l
l

l
I
l

,,

l
I

l
l

l
l

l
| 1- l
|d- l

.rr*, l

|r""*"
l-,,--

|--"",-..,

l
l
l

lh. ,rr.I r llqcd t rfr to

Iro,n.on. who has rnished
ltheir hlr's Dgr and
is studying fr

ldegree.
|poste rstt |grl | - l
l
ldelivery |" l
|postman |mailman, | l
l
lmilir l
l
lpo*., point |electric |r".n".n""- l
socket outlet l
lo*-, rm- lbaby "aue., |o.r"*u" l
l'boluto. |buby ugg l
pr.rr-rtud rnup-fu.t.n., *"on*u t
I

advanced

British ggrhrs would r-

llll

l07

l
lI

l
l

l
l

l
l
|

|a,ttende children
labout.S

Ipri-ury |.le-.ntary |nu"-r"u"

lschool |school l

lm)|

fr to braided strms and

itish electronic engineers

l06

, IUIo

pizza place

|lll

pitch

|.u"r.p

|"""*^--* l-''

(m)

pic

|prlloneck |turtleneck
l
l(sweater)

|po,,t., |d-
lpor'
|mail
l
l

rs. In r, you call this fuel

tl. The wrd gasoline
would not widely drstood in Britain. hlm is
sometimes seen in legat and

official notices. British ...,-

I
|rridg |oatmeal |ou"""u" l

Iwhen American speakers say

they r often rfrig to

planes r fuelled with avgas

idd
lconductors.
uld rr t

to

l0.

frm

l
l

rl
,

public house

penitentiary
prison

In , r is either

within public house, f, ,{

club, hotel etc, whr drink fl

sold r the actual counter ove{

which drinks r sold.

houses often have

sl

public

district

rSutr

attorney

ry
-

public school private

school

zUI

l08

The rrt fiscal in Scotland. Many state variations in

the US.
In , public school is
private institution fr young
people between the ages of l3
and I8 whose parents fr
thir education, The students
often live at the school during
the school r. mri
skrs usually rfr to this
as private school. In m,
public school refers to school

,j

.i;

rms with differing stan- r

dards of furnishing and m-
ft and ris to match. In
rdr of increasing facilities
these r quite commonly i
called the public , saloon
r and lug , although
there r m vaiations.
The m trms tr, dhouse and saloon frrig to
yarious types of drinking es:ablishment have no direct
British equivalent.

pubIic
mfrt
convenience, station (oDs)
toilet

provides f education to
l
l
l
l
llocal children between the
is
l
l
lages of about 5 and 18, This
,
in
school

state
l
I
lcalled
main course
lnuddins
ld"rr.* |..", |Courr. ftr thethan
rk|'
l
l
|of meal thr
implies
usually
l
l
l
|fast, Pudding
thrcooked,
it
hasbeen
l
l
l
lthat
used,
is
often
dessert
l
l
l
|wise
l
l
l
lCalling the coue fts is
l
l
l
lthought rthr mm
l
l
l
lmost British people, lt is also
l
l
l
lsometimes called sweet in
l
l
l
lr. m uses pudding with
l
l
l
lthe same meaning as the
l
l
l
lj. See tryfr BrE lelly,
|oun"rur., t|t
|npr.on
l
ltvre
l
l |
someone
louoil
Istudent |yu.""*, In , student isuniversity
^
at
is
studying
|'
l
l |who
l
l
I
lr college, In r, it
l
l
l
|rfr to who is studyl
l
l
ling at school r university,
-|
|Rush-ctrai |stll |.r"*-

l
l
l
l

l ut l
l

to

|ttrrough

to

"onn.ct

l:rl
l
,

@
l

m)

la

l
l

l
I

l
l
|

l
l

l
l
|

l
l
l

lquune, |eighth note (r.) - |

l
I
l l
lquuy |whrf, ir . l
|

l
l09

l
I

l
l

rrd-l

Wm rig on top of
bed that is made up traditi
nally using sheets and blankets as distinct frm duvet.

phonograph

gramophone
rd
gr r

bell r
( (/,)

- hr is some evidence of us
, gil vaiations. In ArnE,
JI d is usually hot

rl

mild.

spool

rl ofcotton spool

whereas red bell r is

of

KaTyIIIKa

thd

neighborhood,

district
rfrigrtr

icebox (oDs)

q In r, icebox rf to the

gl,

t ofthe frigrtr kept

below freezing point and
cool is well-insulated

fr carrying food and

drink. The mri practice

of grgs and supermarkets
selling ice to replenish cool

(ut) - mis cal|ed Rd

lph

should not itdu them-

saying'Hi, I'm Randy.'

tail light,

rr light

front desk

registrdrtion

Both r and m use r-

ceptionist to m the rs
in mmril office who
greets visitors.

1icence

mr

umr

relative

relation

(m-

u)

rml m mYlg m

rtr (-tri) round-trip

ticket
ticket

(reverse/
trsfr)

(i hotet)

eceptionist

is unknown in iti.

selves in British ils

h call

collect call

rslg

lights

back up lights

(mu)

ig book

ig idr

looseleaf
notebook
binder

(rcz zopo-

hr r rius thr

regional and local Nrth

mri names.

up

l".ru l

ll

|mrry-g- |

lllll

ld,
l
lrusl l

|rdt |trffi il

I
l

l
l

rur .rur..

l
|

l
|

IUI

|rubbish, lgrg,

lS

I l

to calI smb,
| to phone smb | -

|
rrSe

d)

to rig smb

lblush

|dt

yll

ring rd,
beltway, loop (iUI
irulr road

lls

ll|po.ouo.oll

pavement

d surface

pavement

)(

rocket

arugula

ll

|
|HocTopoH-l
|- l
|.".r."u -

lIJ;.""o,"l
l"o.o "r*.-

|nu.rr*

lTb. Britirb uiti is

l[l'rz], the m one is

l[l'r].

| l
|fs |tsh l
l

I
I

l
l
l

l
l

l
l

zUIKa, -

rll

hoagie

t/)

zlrl

The alternative m usage

sumi r sub is not u-

common in Bitish usage.

Gi.inder (mid-west esp.

Pittsburgh), h r
(New rls) r gil

US variants. The usage hoagie

is mr specirc to thePhiladelphia r.

l12

'/r-"

ll


JI -

mli

rm of
Wheat

sri flats

rtmt

hotel
scibbling

rl rrr service station -

pad,

station

writing pad

In , the salty wtr that

rs most of the Earth's
srf is usually called the
sea. is used only in
place namesl- the PaciJic

, In m, the wtr ig the Earth's surface is

usually called the . But

mri sks sometimes
call this wtr the sea when
they r talking about trvelling in boat r ship, In
m, sea also m

serviette

napkin

settee

love seat

Str

shopping
rd

mall

show

fair

shop

agricultural shows held in

rurl districts. In r, fi is
travelling collection ofrides
and amusements that is set up
fr few days in convenient

lg of salty wtr that is

semidetached
house

duplex
(house)
attached

hm (oDs)

The single-stofled version,

, which is very unusual,
is

called semi-detached ryl galow in . An

apartment
with two flrs would
called maisonette in r.

equivalent ofa state r

country fair. The nearest r

smaller than an ocean.

The mri tm rfrs to

goods sold commission,
concept unknown in the UK.

hr is no direct British

location.
sideboard

buffet

(0m u)

sideboards

sideburns

sil

muffler

(mu)

single ticket

sitting rm,
living rm

one-way

ticket

family rm,
living rm

drawing rrr
'/"8*

ll5

(to )
situated

(to )

,
-

located

|;;

l
l

skip

dumpster

spping r Jump r

zL

skiTting rd baseboard

m term is rritry.

In , sd is rd
on which something, such as
model rilw layout, is
built. is sometimes used
with the same meaning in
m but in r, this rfrs to

wall and ceiling.

bowl ing-alley l
I

sleeping r

Pullman,

sleeper
the small
hrs

wee hours

small rit

r print

Smart

StyliSh

smrt aleck
(slg)

Sman-ass
(slg)

i16

spectacles, eyeglasses

|rp.cs
|spirit

level

lmulti-pole electrical

In m, smt usualiy means

"lr".

|"u.uu (m-

con-

|both and

l
l

l
I

l
l

Usually just plain glasses

lypoBeHb,

rtr's |

teuet

ll|Bar.pnacll
tiquo,
|spirits
lllll
l

The details of something such

as contract that r
ritd
m ry small lette and often
contain conditions that limit
ur rights,

plug

ll|u)ll

|snring

The hrs in the

- middle of the night, ftr

midnight.

lsrkig plug |spark

lll..ll

|
sled, sleigh

sockets r tiulr types of

ltrs.
|_
|
|
lr couch lor"u, l
lsomewhere |someplace |-, l
l
I
l-l

|1uz1

sledge

ud moulding between

;kittle-alley

por.r*u
l

l
l

m.

in

r
onion sca|lio1_'.,
I
|
|l
urrrvrr
lltrtl
l

rt.tt,

rhst

naprep l

l
I
|seab
lto stand for lto fr
I
"",.ru*"r"
*."- |
l
l
l"uo'o
lllou,royll
|

lsdd lm|fl

,rr)
|("

lamp |r*. l

Irrun"r, Iappetize |.u*y.*u |rs d'w is thr nosh.

|hod'oeuvre| l
l
l

stick
lsticking Iadhesive , | |The mri trm d d
|lst Band Aid l
lis rritry. The wrd l
l
l
|dage rfig to ad-hoc
l
l
l
lwound dessing made of
gauze etc is mm to
ll
ll
ll
lcloth,
l - -,-l D-,
l

l1"|

l
l
I
I

stock

bouillon

stone

pit, seed

(rcm)

Stone

l4 pounds

tr,
(
)

StoreS

gis

Stream, rk

rk

straightaway

ht

subsidiary

elective

away

(d)

I British usage, k is
small inlet of the sea. The
mri wrd also
spelt rik, reflecting mm pronunciation, although
this would considered
uneducatcd.

Irur*.o
t
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

dss

lIn r, subway is unde1-

ground tunnel that people

walk though to get to the

otherside ofa busy road. In

m this is called an udrpass. subway in m is an
udgrud.

Sugr:Si

sugar-bowl

sultana

raisin

ll8

| (m.)

Idoctor's/ |
l

dentist's

lofIice
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

|trr to the usage actual

|surgery is l done srlgeons in hospitals. British
lsir surgical stffr often
lrfrrd to as r thr
lD mttr how

than

highly

lqualired. This I
lback to the time when doctors
lw qualified but surgeons
lwr little m than rrs
lunworthy of the hrifi
ltitle. British dentists
triris r use
|

ltitle

D.

dates

and
the

lalcohol l l
susdr |gurt., b.lt (dz tn Briti.t usg, gr is
l
l
|rcrcu |band, usually elastic, that
l
l
|rc) |goes d the leg to surt
l
l
l
la sock r stocng. hr r
gd specific connotal
l
l
llllt

l
|r*""t .orn, |.orn
|maize, l
l-- l

|tion,.
|"*upr* l
l, l
l - |
l

li,
lllll l
lr*..r. Icandy |*r
l
l
l

|tbe-cob

sweetshop, l dstr | l
l -

lI|,""ll

lfti

l19

l
I

l
I

l
I

l
I

|
|

l
l
l

lparticular crystallized sugr

lconfection in ifish usage.

l
l

| wr d f to

uimm)

subway

l
l
l

l
l

swiss rll

jelly roll

SwithhL

rllr-t

rilw

,ii

"-r"*;

li'

<(-

>

lve-bye , |-

taking the
rgist

attendance

tallboy

highboy

tkr

delivery
tkr

tap

faucet

taking

vehicle that trsrts

and
dlis liquids suclr
as milk

and trlm products.

(aodo.
O\

tap
tm

pigot
asphalt

The trm is
ritry.
lhe mri usage trm

ls used to fr to sf

irt runways etc.

taxi

tea towel

dish towel

IrxoHoe

tea trII

tea-cart

of

rr

(
urc)

tm

SmSt

I think..

l guess...

.i, ...

l20

g-72

12l

toll motoay turnpike

to top up

to refill

r,

-_-------.1il

(mu)

th

flashlight

(urcu)

tffi f trfr

violation

tennis-shoes, I sneakes

gymshoes
town

mi usage, i is
used f irtd
I
|r, which seems to mean
IIn

it has some frm of local

lthat
lgmt, as such the IRulation m only few
Ihundred. h r state-by8il variations in the
lstate.
meaning of the m|r
tm.
In British usage,
|

u is only city if
it has cathedral has
I
rl wrt saying it is city. If it is not city it is town

Ian

(r village).

town t

downtown

The wrd center is, rt-

ly, mm usage in New

England.

l
I

track,
unpdved rd

dirt road

l
l
l
I
l
l

usl |".u,
l,
l"*
l
l
l
l

so*e m speakers use hobo

Ito m casual itinerant

lwk as distinct fm um
lr tm who lives begging
land handouts, hr is
lwd in r to convey

no

this

lprecise

distinction,

il "p"up*u B.itbb usage, il is

( ) |period of widespread public
l circus l
ltravelling fir

city

|,ru-o
l
l
l
l
l
l

l
l
I
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

ltr.u"l" ,r*

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

"

llti often associated

lwith street processions, this
lalso applies to few mri
lcities such as New ls.
lfi is tllig entertainment
lwith sideshows and rides such
fris wheels,
|as dodgems,

lhltr-skltst.is

(r

lhas seating round rig

lsl rings) whr clowns
land animals rfm,
ltent ig the ig
lirus is callcd the big

The
ofa

top,

|.rpon l
ltritby
|.ru |r*.** l
lIlll
ll|6.rpo"u"ll
l
l
l'"nonu l
l

ltrollev
I
l
l
l,rour...
|trsr

l22
9"

suit

lrt
l
l
l

loun'r, slacKs

*"

|{, ,ln,p-

lr.n.**u

lB.B

|m)

suit, | l
lnant suit i*o"ro*
l

|slack

l2

l
l
|
I

I
I

l
l
l
l

l
l

does not use the

word

t in this context rsrig

trilr Rulled
|it r wheeled
| vehicle r

| l

horse,

l
I

I
t

l
l

trunk call

J:

veSt

(u

Shirts (with long sleeves) in

both r and m h |

The mri habit of saying

England when the United
Kingdom is meant is mildly
annoying to people who live
in England and extremely
annoying to people who live
in Wales, Scotland and
Nrthr Ieland. This mi habit is becoming less

mm.

(dopoeu)

ln m, vest is piece of
clothing with buttons on the
front and no sleeves that men
often wr r their shirt as
rt of suit. Bitish speakers
call this waistcoat ().

W
wages sheet

England

United
Kingdom

undershirt

-rll

wallet

billfold

waste r

trash

waste r

trsh

wrdr

closet

wash(-hand)

washbowl

(oDs)

l,

(0 Hbtx )

basket

basin

Qtturc)

washing up

dish pan

bowl
to wash up

to do the
dishes

way out

exit

(u zrc)

wellingtons,
wellington

galoshes

boots, welly,

wellies

The m trm is becoming

obsolescent and being rplaced wallet.

white wax
college

In r, college usually means place whr students r

g 18 r trained in rtiulr subject r skill, earning
qualircation that iS not usually an academic degree, l
.tuaying fr an academic degree g to university, In m,
college is l whr students can eam bachelor's degree (: first degree), and university ffrs both bachelor's
degrees and advanced degrees.

county

mri usage would, typically, "rg County", Apart

frm "county Durham" the wrd would not used in

referring to British administrative division. The suffrx -shire

means that it is county anyway. The use of the word
is normal rfrrig to lish administrative divisions, They
called parishes in Louisiana. In British usage, parish is the

lowest level unit of government (rr1 areas only) r

ecclesiastical organization. hr r no standard geo-

pedestrian |

cossing

graphical subdivisions between the nations of the uk and

and the provinces
l ihe counties. Unlikelhe states of the USA
postal
abbreviations fr
l of canada thr r no standard
and their ms r frequently omitted frm
l Britirh

J -

18. ,
rI,
l
,
,

post ofIice
"ounties,
addresses, ti that is accepted the
post code is included.
I

couple

In r, l of things r people always means two

of them. In AmE, couple of m also m two, but it often
m any small mr.
In the UK, dt who works in local community, not in

dtr

hospital, is called GP r grl rtitir (r

family dt), and has the title D, But srgs,

dentists and vets r all frrd to the titles r, rs, r
Miss. In the US, hw all of these dtrs use the title D,

sometimes
In British usage, Asian usually
rfrs to British people whose
families originally m frm trre
countries of south Asia
(India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
S;i-i;;Oul.
m, it
""d iu.i
g, qe t_ frm ti.*
una'nSoutheast
::::'Y.:"*T
Asia, such as China, Japan, Thailand,
orio."".
In

r,

the d often frs to the

drtw England
n AmE, it usually .. r, to
rdr betwe en
rj,::":l11{..I
the

US and Mexico.

ii.

ifa

fdl

ln ., federal is sometimes used in rfrrig to issues that

l rht to all the cpuntries in tlre ur union, It is r
of the UK (England,
I used in rfrrig to the countries
r to the central
lreland)
Northern
and
l Scotland, Wales,
to the US
rfrs
fdl
m,
In
grmt.
l Bri,irt,,

smt r to national laws, taxes etc, to recognise that

the government laws of rtilr
l ir,. ur. different frm

US,tut..

|2,7

lwr

In both the uk and the us. lwr is the grl

wrd frl
tld legal adviser. I r, lwr who usually
wrks iri
l
but m also work in some courts of law is called
6
i ::',:]1l::
Lws who do most of their work rrstig
l :_:']",:
RI in urt trials r called ristrs in England anj
|
advocates in Scotland. In both r and m,
counsel is th;
l
IrmI leB.al w1{_f lw who is rstig people

I
ut, and in us court, you might call them
si.
lw in the US is also sometimes frrd
to as an
especially in fml speech r official
"tt"ii.y;
I

letters.

rfssr

In British usage, .
highest status, usually one who is in chaige r
tne otirer

teachers of their subject. In mri usage-,

fss is,
any full-time teacher at university.

school

In both BrE and ArnE

children r taught fm the age of

ir

5 until they r 18.

mi speakers also use school to rfr to
university. In
r, you say that children r at school drig the
day. In
you usually say they r i school, but
mri speake
{m,
also use in school when they mean studying
at
university rthr than having
l

job.

J";i;;

lc

l
..
l
l
I
l
l
l
l
i
l
l

lol-.

lf...h-an
l

cheese.

oun ofa hus consisting ofwooden ds the outside

loithe building

nurn.u

at grud r first flr level (r higher)

Britlsh houses simplv do not

l ailowing people to walk rud,
prtlo meaning
l have su things. The st equivalents r
pavcd
with slabs,
Ian urfd adjacent to building
thc stde ofa
l verandah - d and glassed walkway along
ontirely
oxt6nlon
room-lik.

srtr
and
lbuilding
gardens
ln
uco
fr
decking
glass.
Wooden
in
rfd
and
walled
l
lwas introduced to the British mrkt in 1998 and ls bcing

lheavily mtd as

to-".n,

decng,

"oin.

. "

)l.

l
l

is

just that there is

ukw

**

It is not that wheeled stthtr

hospitats, it

univnlty,

___]

ucd to
l ""**. In r freshman r frshr iB Bomotlmer
l rfr to first r udgrdut at

lf"i.lo. ,,,k l
l

lil,il,:,;l

19.
zUI r:

to lock the door

after the hrs
has been stolen

not to r rss
fthig

not to r d t
(continental)

(MHll aOtO
0

not worth fthig

not worth continental

al fr

enough to make cat

laugh

enough to make hs ,(yplil Hluax. O,

tl
laugh

up (down) one's street

(down) one's alley

*-_

,
;
, ,

to get iirto trul

to get into jam

agfl,

-,

evidence

r AmE
()
- ,
,
u
}^{ rI
-

, ,
:uI :

to set one's at
Someone

to set one's f
Someone

,
-

to (look) white
the gills; to (look)
g and yellow above
the gills

to (look) white
,
rd the gills; to , JUI(look) gr and yellow
d the gills

to beat about the bush

to beat rd the bush

in fits and starts
to take the cake

to keep smb in suspense

to lock the stable door

ftr the hrs
has been stolen

, , r
- -

( , hl etc) ( cent, rd cent)

OOl J_
Rl
t 9&

cTolt

ti
HaEPlEi ?O

*a*l
to turn King's/Queen's

to as fit as fiddle

to turn state's
evidence

l I* =

0!, ll tll aiaa

! ll =
to as fit as fiddle/
()
i a
fiddle
to as fi as

m , l0,
, }tua!

AmE

Russian

to get/have the swelled

head

to get/have the big head

, ElEHamb=
, HQl

to blow one's own hr to toot one's own hr

to rss smb's path

to rss smb's tk

, Ol

9r

ll


too big fr one's
trss/hs

too big fr one'

ts/iths

, zD,

BrE I! ( ) and, . m .

to thw smth
into the waste basket ( - ";;;-""r.*
- , )
il

r:

m:

to throw smth into the dustbin

to throw smth into the wastebasket

1.

25theehundredandtwenty-fivethreehundedtwenty-five

7l9 seven hdrd d nineteen

1'' ;r;; ;r*,d and seventy-seven

seven hdrd nineteen

thr thousand seventy-seven

2. <0>

t [:t],

zr ['].

0.5

nought point

five

zr point five

u; itfl

3. - 0 "1.r." *ui [au] ( account m is

fr three two six six nine), JI
, <,0,> zr,

Z degrees FahTenheit

17.8 degrees below zr trd.

4. r

iI,m-z.

(r)

Manchester thTee; Liverpool

(AmE) Boston seven; Chicago z.

nil.

'

5. 1
u m; double:
| 07 -4922.

(r)

three S
(m1 three seven

fur nine dorrble two,

fur nine two two,
l33

1, , ,
,
, m

-.':

r JI

(r) 6.4.99: th il l999.

(m) 4.6.99 June 4,1999.
r

r ,
(K.S. kr)
(Keith kr).
6. u

, rs, , D,

,
m cTaHoBi
l r.

h the twt-fist nineteen ninety.

u:h tw-fist of March, ninetben
ninety.

YuT:\ *t-first, nineteen ninety.

il third. July seventeenth.
rI m
_ ' :*

(D . Hawke?
,
-",
(Dr r, Hawkes,). r
IuIuI, "".rrruu.r
.
3. r
''Dr Sir'',
m

"Gentlemen,,.

4. m
*Yrs

faithfully", r""
Si...l, Sirl s, Ys
sil Yrs trl.
5.
,

,

- (Keith S. rkr).
l4

I
l.

!:::!!,,".

dp. :

" Z *yp.u n.-l|

ggl l
7,

i"r::::,:1:r,"""
.. ,' . ,

iH

, ;;;;;;^;;i.;;i't

,., . .3- .:

"r**'-,'rir'.*^

2-

3,

4,

IIIrc -., ..
JI
l // . . l.476.
., 200. . -t.
Js, D, English ig Dictionary.

lth edition. Cambridge

University Press, 2003.

5, Ladefoged, . rs in Phonetics.
Boston, 2001.

4th

. Longman Dictionary of English Language

7. Macmillan li Dictionary. 2002.
8. Muryhy,

edition. Heinle & Heinle,

and ltr. 2000.

. English Gmmri Use. 3'd edition.

Cambridge Univesity

rss, 2004.
9.
10.

The Random House College Dictionary.

N-Y, 19s0.
. rtil English Usage. 3'd edition.
fd Univesity Press,
::,
2004.