Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
О.А. Егорова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
СБОРНИК ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИХ
УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
(к учебнику “International Express”)
Уровень А2
Издательство
«МГИМО-Университет»
2011
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Егорова О.А.
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА
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языковых сообщений (письмо, говорение), с интерактивными действиями (диалог),
медиацией (перевод, реферирование).
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отработки навыков устной речи, в частности – коммуникативных компетенций, а именно
– диалогов, развития монологических высказываний, проведения конференций, интервью,
исследовательской работы. Задания в этих разделах обеспечивают закрепление вводимого
языкового материала благодаря многократному повторению и использованию в
разнообразных функциональных речевых актах.
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UNIT I First Meetings
Topical Vocabulary
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Task 1. Grammar time: use the Present Simple Tense for the words in brackets.
Linda and I (to work) for the company which (to produce) automobiles. We both (to work) at an
office which (to be) just in front of the factory where cars (to be made). I (to start) work at 10
o’clock, and Linda (to come) to the office at 9. She (to be) good at typing. She (to write) letters
and reports every day. She (not to know) French very well, so she often (to go) to the sixth floor
where I (to work). I sometimes (to help) her translate letters, as I (to know) French rather well.
Linda also (to answer) telephone calls, sometimes she (to show) visitors around the factory. She
(to do) paperwork, she (to write) memos, (to file) reports and (to answer) letters. She always (to
arrange) meetings for her boss and other managers of the company. You (to understand) what
her job (to be)? Yes, she (to be) a secretary. But she (not to like) her job and she (to want) to be a
manager.
Task 2. Match words 1-15 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them. Think
of sentences with the words from the box.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing smth for a period of time; the
process of gaining this –
2) the fact of a number of people not having a job; the number of people without a job; the state
of not having a job –
3) to sell and send goods to another country –
4) a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public –
5) a person or an organization that buys smth from a shop/store or business –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. …………………….. of this supermarket are satisfied with the quality of the products they
buy there.
2. Do you have any previous .................... of this type of work?
3. Australia is a wool-growing country. It …………………… its wool and woolen things to
different countries of the world.
4. It was a time of mass ………………………… .
5. She didn't get much money when she worked in the translation agency but it was all good
…………….
6. They know me – I'm a regular ………………… .
7. This ……………………… takes place twice a year in Italy and is devoted to modern art.
8. If you have any questions about the products and service, go to the ……………………
service department.
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9. What measures does the government take to reduce ………………………… in this area?
10. Have you seen the Picasso……………………..?
Task 5 a) translate the dialogue into English; b) think of a similar situation and role play your
dialogue.
Task 6. Study the following use of “make” and “have” and do the exercise below.
make have
a change вносить изменения a break сделать перерыв
a choice сделать выбор fun / a good time повеселиться /хорошо
провести время
a decision принять решение a look (a chat, a smoke, a взглянуть, посмотреть
drink, a try) (поболтать, покурить,
выпить, сделать попытку)
friends / подружиться / an experience иметь опыт
enemies стать врагами
a law издавать закон a bath / shower принимать ванну / душ
a list составить список a feeling иметь/испытывать чувство
(ощущение)
money зарабатывать a problem иметь проблему
деньги
Choose either “make” or “have” to complete the sentences. Translate the sentences from
English into Russian.
Task 7. Story time: Use the information below to make up a Visitor Profile. Use the Present
Simple Tense. Think of as many sentences as possible.
NICK MARSHAL
to be a special guest at the international amusement forum • to come from the United States
of America, New York • to live and work in Los Angeles • to be in a very successful
entertainment business • to know a lot about the cartoon and movie world • to run his own
company Marshal Entertainment • to produce cartoons and movies for children • to have a
rich experience in working with Walt Disney company • to speak Spanish and Japanese •
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to have business partners in Japan • the Japanese to help Nick Marshal with new and unusual
ideas on movie production • to always travel on business • to arrange shows of his
amusement products twice a year in different capitals • to meet key people in the
entertainment business all over the world • to enjoy mountain skiing, horse-riding and
playing golf between business trips
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14. На каком языке Вы разговариваете с Вашим ребёнком, если Вы из Швеции, а Ваш
муж (жена) из Италии?
15. Какие страны-производители вина вы знаете?
Task 10. Translate the dialogue into Russian. Learn it and then reproduce it in class. Think of
a similar situation and role play your dialogue.
Task 11. Read the script from a BBC programme about formal greetings and comment on
difference between formal and informal greetings.
Hello! I’m Jackie Dalton. This programme is about greetings and the language you might use if
you’re greeting people in quite formal situations, when you want to sound polite.
The greeting “Good morning, sir/madam” sounds very formal. It gives extra status or importance
to the person you are talking to and there are several situations where you might hear it. One of
the most common situations is in the service industry. It could be a hotel receptionist talking to a
guest, a waiter talking to a customer in a restaurant. Or it could be in a shop – anywhere where
people are dealing with customers or clients.
If a waiter says “good evening, sir/madam” you would just reply with “good evening” but you
wouldn’t say “good evening, sir” back. This is because, in this particular situation, you are the
one with a higher social standing here, so you don’t need to show this extra sign of respect.
Likewise, if you walk into a hotel and the receptionist says “good afternoon, madam/sir”, it
would usually sound strange to say “good afternoon, madam/sir” back. In the service industry
there are other situations where you might hear “sir” and “madam”. For example: “Good
morning, sir/madam. It’s a real honour to have you here”.
The situation that makes me think of is of greeting a VIP – perhaps a very important politician or
leader who you meet. In some cases, people use it when they are greeting someone much older
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than they are, as a sign of respect. Or you may occasionally hear it in the workplace, where
employees want to show respect for their superiors.
You use might “sir” or “madam” in the service industry, with VIPs, with much old people and,
sometimes, with bosses at work. But, as well as using these kinds of words, what else is it that
makes language in greetings sound more formal and polite? Here are two different versions of a
greeting between James and his boss Mr Jones.
Dialogue 1 Dialogue 2
The second greeting is more formal. One of the most obvious differences is in how long the
phrases are. ‘Good morning’ sounds more formal than “morning” because ‘morning’ is shorter
and it’s an easier way of greeting someone. “Hello” is also a bit more formal than ‘hi’. “I’m very
well, thank you” also sounds more formal than “fine, thanks” or “good, thanks” again, mainly
because it takes longer to say. This doesn’t mean you should never say “hi” in formal situations,
it’s just that if you want to sound more polite, using more complete words and phrases will help.
Words that are longer tend to sound more formal and polite, while shorter, abbreviated words are
more likely to sound informal and friendly.
Task 12. Render the text into English and comment if information is new to you.
***
Мейши (meishi) – японская деловая визитка. Она отличается от визиток в западных
странах. Человек даёт визитку после того как познакомился с новым деловым партнёром.
Японцы хранят визитки в кожаном футляре (кошельке, визитнице), поэтому их визитки
никогда не бывают грязными, потрёпанными и тёплыми. Японцы держат визитку двумя
руками и называют свою компанию, должность (положение) и имя. Визитку держат так,
чтобы получатель мейши мог прочесть информацию на ней. Когда японец даёт визитку,
его пальцы не должны закрывать имя владельца мейши. Это считается дурным тоном (to
be rude). Получатель мейши должен прочитать всю информацию на визитке, отметить имя
и должность владельца карточки и потом поклониться. Если два японца обмениваются
визитками за столом, то карточка должна находиться поверх кожаного футляра, если
встреча не окончилась. Если за столом несколько человек и у тебя несколько визиток, то
карточка человека с более высоким статусом находится на кожаном футляре, а карточки
остальных участников встречи находятся рядом с футляром на столе. Японцы никогда не
кладут визитки в карман и не пишут на них.
Task 13. Role-play the following situation. You are at an international wine (photography, new
technologies) exhibition in Madrid. Make up a dialogue with one of the participants of this event
and ask him/her:
Remember that this person may become your future partner. Ask as many questions as possible
to make the dialogue efficient for you.
Topical Vocabulary
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To do a job Выполнять работу (задание)
Working hours Часы работы
To go on strike Бастовать, объявлять забастовку
To be on maternity leave Быть в декретном отпуске; в декрете
Working conditions Условия работы
Official retirement age Официальный возраст выхода на пенсию
To increase worldwide revenue Увеличивать мировой доход, выручку
To take / to leave a message Принимать, передавать / оставить сообщение
To work for a company (a person) Работать на компанию (человека)
To deal with a problem Решать проблему
To deal with people Иметь дело с людьми
To do research Проводить исследование
To put smb through with smb Соединять кого-либо с кем-либо (по телефону)
A range of products Линия (разнообразие, ассортимент) продуктов
To have a demand for Иметь спрос на
Sales figures Данные о продажах
To expand a company’s activities overseas Расширять деятельность компании за рубежом
To speak on the phone Говорить по телефону
To negotiate sales Обсуждать условия продажи
Task 1. Grammar time: put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present
Continuous Tense.
1. The clock (to strike) 5. It is time to finish our work for today.
2. Where (to be) Mr Brown? – He (to prepare) a report about sales figures. He usually (to
prepare) his reports at this time.
3. I (to be) glad to know that our business partners (to come) to us next week.
4. Can I see Mr Green? – I am sorry, he (to have) a meeting now.
5. He often (to change) his political views. Now he (to belong) to the Labour Party.
6. Look, somebody (to try) to open your car.
7. Her brother (to work) in Canada at present.
8. Please, be quiet. We (to work) on a translation and you (to make) much noise.
9. The living standards (to change). Every month things (to get) more and more expensive.
10. He (to want) to buy a new car, but first he must learn to drive, so he (to take) his driving
lessons.
11. When they (to fly) to New York? – In a week.
12. What you (to do)? Why you (to put) salt into coffee?
Task 2. Match words 1-15 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them. Think
of sentences using the words in the box.
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7) to improve 15) to do (research) better ▪ a matter ▪ an enterprise ▪ to take an exam ▪
8) to negotiate to solve ▪ to discuss ▪ facts ▪ a business ▪ immense ▪
an establishment
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) to stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you
are ill/sick; to tell smb they must stop doing their job –
2) a request for information about smb/smth; a question about smb/smth –
3) a business company that is owned or controlled by another larger company –
4) customers’ desire or need of for goods or services which they want to buy or use –
5) a person whose job is to deal with people arriving at or telephoning a hotel, an office
building, a doctor's surgery, etc. –
b) complete the sentences with an appropriate word from the box in a) and translate the
sentences into Russian.
1) I have to make a few …………… (= try to find out about it) and then I will get back to you.
2) There's an increased …………………… for organic produce these days.
3) She's working for an overseas ……………………. of the company.
4) She has got a job as a …………………….. in the Plaza Hotel.
5) All ………………….. are addressed to the customer services department.
6) The official age when employees of this company ………………… is 65.
Task 4 a) complete the text with the words and word-combinations from the table. Make all the
necessary changes; b) express your opinion on how difficult or easy Bella’s job is and the
reasons for this; c) describe the things you do in your job; d) make up a dialogue with your
partner to discuss each other’s work duties.
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………………….. where she will be the boss and will have her own PA. Bella is
planning…………….. .
Task 5. Translate the following phrases, learn them and complete the exercise below.
To supervise work
To complete work WORK
Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the phrases above about “work”,
“job” or “career”.
1. Она сейчас на пике своей карьеры. Она руководит командой из 200 человек.
2. Я устраиваюсь на работу в бюро переводов.
3. Это работа, которая требует много знаний, умений и сил. Тем не менее, ей нравится
своя работа.
4. Сейчас мы работаем над дизайном нового стадиона.
5. Он делает блистательную карьеру в шоу бизнесе.
6. Этот скандал может разрушить всю твою карьеру, которая началась так успешно.
7. Вы готовы приступить к работе в этом году? – Я пока в декрете, но готова работать
неполный рабочий день.
8. Мы с коллегами завершаем работу над новым проектом.
9. Кто руководит Вашей работой?
10. У неё постоянная работа в местном театре. Она довольна и не хочет строить себе
многообещающую и успешную карьеру.
11. С какими зарубежными компаниями Вы тесно сотрудничаете?
Task 6. Look at the words to do with “money” and “work” on the right and decide which
word best completes each phrase. Think of different situations where these phrases can be
used.
A weekly…………………………. wage
An annual………………………… benefit
The rates of………………………. salary
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Unemployment…………………… pension
A retirement……………………… pay
Task 7. Story time: use the phrases in the box to make up a story about the Nestle Group.
Make necessary changes and if possible add your own information about this company to
complete the story.
NESTLE GROUP
Henri Nestlé, a pharmacist from Switzerland to start his company in the 1860s • to be head office
in a Swiss city Vevey • the world’s largest food and nutrition producer • to produce dairy
products, tea, coffee, cookies, soups, chocolate, petcare, baby foods, ice-cream, breakfast
cereals… • slogan to be To make life better and offer customers quality products • 280 000
employees to work for this Group • to have 456 factories and production plants in 84 countries
• demand for Nestle products to increase / to grow • to export products to different countries in
the world • successful business • to expand its activities • to do research in the area of food and
nutrition • to improve the quality of what they make • sales to grow every year • a range of
products to get bigger
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8. Компания DP производит большое разнообразие молочной продукции по низким
ценам, поэтому спрос на них всё увеличивается.
9. Некоторые зарубежные компании (например, в Соединённом Королевстве)
обрабатывают (отвечают на) запросы покупателей через call-центры в Индии.
10. Наша компания оказывает компьютерные услуги. Некоторые сотрудники могут
работать со своих компьютеров дома.
11. Сейчас у многих есть спутниковые тарелки.
12. Ты уже планируешь свой отпуск? – Нет. Я всегда беру свой двухнедельный отпуск
зимой и провожу его на лыжном курорте с друзьями.
13. Поездка на метро занимает у меня всего час.
14. Я сейчас очень занят. Я работаю над важным проектом – организую международную
выставку продуктов новых технологий.
15. Официальный возраст ухода на пенсию сейчас увеличивается, но у мужчин и женщин
он разный.
16. Работники текстильного завода бастуют, так как хотят повышения заработной платы
и лучших условий работы.
17. Renault-Nissan Group является одним из крупнейших в мире производителей
автомобилей.
18. Известные потребительские бренды компании Unilever включают широкий выбор
товаров (например, еда, товары личной гигиены).
19. Мир тесен!
Task 10. Translate the text about finding a job into English.
Task 11 a) translate the dialogues, learn and reproduce them in class; b) think of similar
situations and make up your own dialogues.
DIALOGUE 1
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DIALOGUE 2
DIALOGUE 3
Task 12 a) translate the text into Russian and comment on any new information contained in
the text.
COLIN’S is a family-run clothing company. It is part of Eroglu Holding and was founded in
Istanbul in 1983 by the five Eroglu brothers. COLIN’S always follows its brand principles and is
a prosperous and caring company.
COLIN’S follows the rules of seven “T”s: Talk, Trust, Try, Tell, Transparency, True, Test.
“We are COLIN’S and we love fashion” – this is the passion and motivation that makes team
work hard and move forward day after day.
The company makes all the changes to face tomorrow’s global competition and future market
challenges. However, COLIN’S remains true to its mission and values. Although part of Eroglu
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Holding, the brand COLIN’S remains independent. The management of the company think that
this independence fosters growth and creativity.
COLIN’S offers real value for money for fashion and up-to-date casual and jeans wear. They
have a wide range of quality clothes both for men and women.
Monitoring, managing and controlling are core activities that ensure the best possible product
quality and meet customers’ expectations. Quality is the cornerstone of their brand promise and a
key to their global competitiveness. COLIN’S imports its products all over the world.
COLIN’S relies on its successful team, years of experience and efficient and sustainable
production process. Respect for everyone in the team is the basis of the positive atmosphere in
COLIN’S.
Their team lives and works in the Turkish metropolis, Istanbul – a multicultural melting pot that
provides the optimal conditions to inspire the team’s creativity. They live, work and create in an
open-minded and friendly environment.
Their multinational team members support each other in picking up trends from all over the
world. Their sales team is in constant contact with their customers and conveys the message to
the product development team. The designers discuss the latest developments with their buyers.
The mission of the logistics team is to make “it” happen. Their customer service team members
can share information about the customers with the rest of the team in order to create a better
understanding of their needs and expectations and provide better service for them.
The company’s team and management do their best to achieve the best possible results. The
caring attitude towards each customer and friendly relationships are fundamental to the
philosophy, corporate culture and success of COLIN’S.
b) what can you say about your company using the information from the text above.
Task 14. Find the equivalents for the Russian phrases in the text.
Task 15. Render the text into English and speak about the milestones of Google.
Двое молодых студентов Сергей Брин и Лэрри Пэйдж основывают компанию Google 4
сентября 1998 года в городе Менло-Парк (штат Калифорния, США). В наши дни Google
является «поисковым гигантом».
В 1998 году они начинают поиск инвестиций для дальнейшего развития. За год им удаётся
привлечь около 1 млн. долларов. Первым инвестором становится Sun Microsystems, хозяин
которой – Энди Бехтольшайм, инвестирует 100 тысяч долларов. В сентябре 1998 года
зарегистрирована компания Google Inc.
В феврале 1999 года офис Google Inc. переезжают в Пало Альто. Они расширяют
огромную базу данных и нанимают большое число сотрудников. Эти меры позволяют
резко поднять производительность ресурса. Компания обрабатывает уже 500 тысяч
запросов в день.
Пэйдж и Брин открывают торговые офисы в Гамбурге и Токио. Кроме того, языковая
поддержка теперь позволяет осуществлять поиск на 26 языках.
В 2004 году Google становится публичной компанией – начинает продажу своих акций на
фондовом рынке.
В октябре 2004 года появляется очень полезный сервис Google – Book Search. Компания
преставляет его на книжной выставке во Франкфурте. Этот сервис осуществляет
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полнотекстовый поиск по книгам, которые Google переводит в цифровой формат. Google
Calendar – это он-лайн сервис для планирования встреч, событий.
Много внимания уделяет Google и внешнему виду главной страницы, для того, что бы
каждый мог настроить её наиболее удобным способом. В мае 2005 года Google
представила сервис персонализированных домашних страниц Personalized Homepage, дав
возможность пользователям настраивать под себя домашнюю страницу Google.
Компания Google благодаря своим успехам обладает большим количеством наград, среди
которых «Лучшая поисковая система в Интернете» от Webby. Огромное количество
компаний и Интернет ресурсов используют на своих страницах ресурсы компании Google,
включая такие крупные компании как AOL и BBS. Рыночная капитализация компании на
2009 год составляет 160 млрд. долларов США. Сегодня Google самый дорогой бренд в
мире.
Task 16. Role-play the following situation. You are at a press conference. You and your
colleague are journalists and the rest of the group are representatives of Bosch (or any other
company). You need to write an article about this company. Ask the employees of Bosch:
- when it started;
- where its head office(s) is/are;
- what it specializes in/produces/manufactures;
- how many employees work for this company;
- if they have subsidiaries, divisions and where;
- what countries they export their products to;
- what companies they closely work with;
- what its worldwide turnover is;
- how much it spends on R&D;
- if they are expanding their activities;
- what famous consumer brands it includes;
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UNIT III Challenges
Topical Vocabulary
To depend on Зависеть от
To become a reality Становится реальностью, воплотщаться в
жизнь
A reason for Причина чего-либо
The importance of smth Важность чего-либо
To bring visitors Привлекать туристов
To be on holiday Быть на каникулах
To be (become) interested in smth / in doing Быть заинтересованным в чём-либо
smth (заинтересоваться, увлечься)
To start a band Организовать музыкальную группу
To bring changes Внести изменения
To arrive in a country/at a hotel Прибывать, прибывать в страну/отель
To welcome smb/ smth Приветствовать кого/что-либо
To complain of/about smth to smb Жаловаться, выражать недовольство
To create jobs Создавать рабочие места
Traffic problems Проблемы на дорогах
Leisure activities Деятельность в свободное время
To listen to music Слушать музыку
To achieve success Достигать успеха
To survive smth Пережить что-либо, остаться в живых
To run out of smth Испытывать нехватку чего-либо, кончаться,
иссекать
A round-the-world trip Кругосветное путешествие
A success story История успеха
To make progress Делать успехи
To work hard Много, усердно работать
To take a seat Садиться
To look after smb/smth Присматривать за кем-л./чем-л.
Task 1. Grammar time: use the proper forms of the Past Simple Tense for the words in
brackets.
Task 2. Match words 1-15 with their synonyms in italics and memorize them. Think of
sentences using the words from the box.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skill –
2) to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time –
3) to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about smb/smth –
4) an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events –
b) complete the sentences with the appropriate word from the box.
Task 4. Learn these commonly used phrases containing “go”, “do” and “play” and do the
exercise below.
Note that if you are a serious sportsman, you will certainly PRACTISE your sport which means
you will do something again and again to get better at it, in other words to TRAIN. If you are a
footballer you must PRACTISE taking a penalty, for example.
24
There are six verb + noun mistakes in this letter. Find and correct them.
Hi, Jeff!
Would you like to spend a sporting weekend with me next month? It sounds great –
would make a change from playing computer games. You can make lots of different
activities. You could even do fishing, I think. You can’t go skiing at this time of year
but you can make water skiing, if you like. Everyone has to make general exercises
first in the morning and then you can make whatever sport you like, more or less.
I’ve never practised badminton so I guess I’m going to do that. Then in the
afternoon I’m looking forward to the chance to practise my tennis serve with their
professional coach. Please try to come!
Michael
Task 5. Story time: use the information below to make up a story about a woman’s solo
achievement. Use the correct tense. Think of as many sentences as possible.
ADRIANA RAST
to come from Switzerland • to be 28 years of age • to have a family: a husband and a son •
to have a personal goal to reach the top of the French Alps • to hope to reach the top in two
days if everything to go well • to start her final ascent on 12 August • to be 5 a.m. •
to be dark and cold • to be a big challenge • to fight against nature • to move slowly •
to keep the rhythm of climbing • to try to think only about the next steps and not about the
top • to look down • to slip on the icy ridge • to start sliding down • to be scared • to be
brave • to dig her axe into the snow • to feel alive • to go on climbing • to think about the
life on the ground, the family and work • she to understand that all these things not to be
important then • to see the top of the mountain • to be happy and excited • to be on the top
of the French Alps at last • to begin singing • to be her solo achievement • her family,
friends and colleagues to congratulate her on this great success.
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Task 7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary contained in
the unit.
Task 8 a) translate the text into Russian and comment on any new information contained in
the text; b) express your opinion about this project.
A few years ago in Tokyo the Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) developed partner robots which
function as personal assistants for humans. TMC exhibited these robots at Expo 2005 in Aichi,
Japan in March.
Toyota carries out its corporate activities based on the spirit of “contributing to society through
making things and making automobiles.” At the same time, people around the globe are starting
to demand and desire better and more diversified lifestyles. These changes are especially
prominent in Japan where birth rates are decreasing and people are ageing rapidly. They
understand that they need to secure a stable labor force for the future so that people can enjoy
comfortable standards of living.
Toyota focused on these issues and promoted the development of human-assisting partner robots.
It used the collective experience cultivated by the Toyota Group in automotive development and
production engineering.
Toyota wanted its partner robots to have human characteristics, such as being agile, warm and
kind and also intelligent enough to skillfully operate a wide range of devices in the areas of
26
personal assistance, care for the elderly, manufacturing, and mobility. Furthermore, since each
area requires a special set of skills, Toyota is promoting the development of three different types
of partner robots (walking, rolling, and mountable), each with its own areas of experience and
skills.
Toyota plans to continue focusing the energy of the Toyota Group to further utilize their wealth
of technical experience in automotive development and production to expand the usefulness of
these robots and broaden their functions and areas of application.
The walking model walks on two legs similar to a person. It is 120 cm high and weighs 35 kg.
The rolling model zooms along quickly without taking up much space. It is 100 cm high and
weighs 35 kg. The walking model and the rolling model use their hands to carry out a wide
variety of tasks.
The mountable model can carry its passengers almost anywhere they need to go. It is fun to ride
and operate. It is 180 cm high and weighs 75 kg.
Toyota also developed the following “advanced technologies” for use in its partner robots:
1. Artificial lips which enable robots to play musical instruments (trumpets, for example) like
humans do. Their lips move with the same finesse as human lips.
2. Mobility Control Technology – Toyota came up with the new stabilizing technologies for
robots. Small, light-weight and low-cost high-precision-sensors are based on automotive
sensor technology. They are used to detect a tilt of a robot.
3. Wire-operation system. The actuators as power sources are located on its torso, and wires are
used to move the arms and legs. As a result, this can reduce the weight of the arms and legs
and add limberness and speed to the motion.
Task 10. Find the English equivalents for the following phrases in the text.
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развитие, комфортно жить, снижать уровень рождаемости, использовать богатство
технического опыта
Task 11. Translate the text into English using the vocabulary of the previous three units.
Позвоните, родители!
Раньше Николаев поставлял оборудование операторам связи, но в 2007 году решил сам
торговать телефонами. Он тесно работал с китайской фабрикой Newplan Enterprises. Он
заказал там партию мобильных телефонов с двумя сим-картами для рынка Латвии
(головной офис ОрбитаТелеком расположен именно в этой стране). Затем Николаев
предложил свои услуги Мегафону, который хотел найти поставщика мобильных
телефонов для пожилых людей. Николаев быстро предложил Мегафону несколько
вариантов аппарата. Мегафон выбрал модель CP90 – широкий белый аппарат с большими
квадратными кнопками и маленьким чёрно-белым экраном. В телефоне есть ещё радио и
фонарик. «Фишка» – большая кнопка SOS на тыльной стороне. Если на неё нажать, то
телефон производит громкий пронзительный сигнал, отправляет SMS сообщение на
определённый номер с просьбой о помощи, а затем начинает дозваниваться по тому же
телефону.
На рынках эта модель появилась в 2009 осенью в Латвии под маркой C50+, в салонах
Мегафона под маркой «Мегафон» и в московской розничной сети электроники Ион под
маркой CP90. Маркетологи Мегафона написали внутри коробки «Социальный телефон»,
однако М.Николаеву эта надпись не нравится. На своих собственных телефонах он пишет
«Телефон с большими кнопками». В 2009 году телефон стоил 3500 рублей. Продажи этих
телефон растут очень быстро. Аппараты покупают не только в подарок родителям, но и
для себя. В начале 2010 года CP09 получил высокие награды в области промышленного
дизайна iF и Red Dot. Эта модель популярна у байкеров: им легко нажимать клавиши в
перчатках.
На китайском рынке Newplan продал с осени 2009 года около 350 000 аппаратов,
ОрбитаТелеком – больше 40 000 в России и около 200 000 – в Европе. Выручка компании
составляет более 20 млрд. долларов.
Сейчас партнёры разрабатывают новые модели подобных телефонов.
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Task 12. Role-play the following situation. You are at an international wine conference in the
French capital. During the coffee break commence a dialogue with one of the participants of the
conference and find out:
- their name;
- if they are enjoying the conference;
- where they come from;
- if it is their first time in Paris;
- their profession;
- if they have a business or they work for someone;
- how, when and where they started their business;
- how much they produce;
- what wines they specialize in.
Topical Vocabulary
1. Do you have any plans for the next week? – Well, actually, I (go/am going/am going to go) to
the photo exhibition with my colleague.
2. When ……….. the second term ……………… (does….start/is…going to start)?
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3. Why are you taking the sewing machine out of the cupboard? – I (am going to remake/am
remaking/remake) my dress. It is too big for me now.
4. We (are moving/move) to a new office tomorrow.
5. Why are you buying so much wallpaper? – My husband and I (redecorate/are going to
redecorate) our flat.
6. I (am/am going to be) rich one day!
7. Look, the car (crashes/is going to crash/is crashing)!
8. The National Theatre (is celebrating/is going to celebrate/celebrates) its thirtieth anniversary.
9. We (am winning/are going to win/win) the European Cup next year.
10. According to my diary, we (meet/ are meeting/are going to meet) at 3 p.m. tomorrow.
Task 2 a) match words 1-14 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them.
Think of sentences using the words from the box.
b) find 7 synonyms (adjectives) from the unit to the word which means “good”.
c) complete the definitions with the appropriate word (“inn”, “hotel” and “motel”) and mind
the difference between them.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) to state or show that smth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence –
2) a party that is organized by a group or club –
3) a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, in which a group of people
share their knowledge and experience –
4) something that you need or want –
5) buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose –
6) to provide yourself/smb/smth with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or
activity –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. The hotel has special ……………………. for welcoming disabled people.
2. Our immediate …………………. is extra staff.
3. Please write ………………………….. your reservation (= say that it is definite).
4. The service in this hotel meets our ……………………….
5. Can you ………………………what happened?
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6. All rooms have private ………………….. (= a private bathroom).
7. The centre is well ………….ed for surfing and diving.
8. The manager is arranging …………………. on cultural differences for the employees of his
division.
9. The division manager …………………… that the meeting will take place next week.
10. She got a bank loan to rent and ………….. a small workshop.
Task 4 a) read Joannie and Stephen’s letter to their son and daughter-in-law and make a list
of their arrangements.
Task 6 a) translate these dialogues into English; b) think of similar situations and make up
your own dialogues.
- Доброе утро! Отель Азимут. Меня зовут Элен. Чем могу Вам помочь?
- Здравствуйте! Я бы хотела забронировать двухместный номер.
- Оставайтесь на линии. Да, у нас есть сейчас номер на двоих. Это уютный номер с душем,
кондиционером, телевизором, холодильником. Окна номера выходят на парк.
- Замечательно! Мне нравится. Сколько стоит номер?
- 2000 рублей в сутки.
- Очень хорошо. Я беру этот номер.
- Когда Вы планируете приехать и уехать?
- Мы собираемся пробыть в отеле с 30 апреля по 5 мая.
- До свидания. Ждём Вас 30 апреля.
II
Task 8. Story time: a) use the information below to compose a story about Tony and May’s
experience travelling to Prague. Use the Past Simple Tense.
Vacation in Prague
to go to Prague on summer vacation • to arrive at the airport • to take a taxi • to try to go to their
hotel • not to know the way to the hotel (a taxi driver) • to speak little English • to be a bad start
of their journey • to take them 3 hours to get to the hotel • to be very tired and angry • to meet
nobody at the reception desk in the hotel • to turn up at last (the receptionist)
• to have no reservations for them • to be very upset • to have only two small rooms at the front
of the hotel • to have no choice • to fill a new registration form • to have no passport on smb • to
carry their bags to their room • to have no money to tip the porter • to decide to buy a sandwich
• to be closed (the room service)
b) talk about your own experience staying in a hotel. Was it a good experience?
Task 11. Read and translate into Russian the script from a BBC programme. Talk about what
you have learnt about the way hotels work and how to make a reservation.
Hotels employ many people, from chefs and receptionists, to porters, maids and managers. Here
we are going to meet a person who is responsible for most of what a hotel does. His name is
Gregory Pepek and he is the Operations Manager for Le Meridien Wardorf.
THE COMPANY. My name is Gregory Pepek. I'm the Operations Manager of the Waldorf
Meridien hotel in London, which is a five star hotel which is under the brand of Meridien.
THE JOB. I'm responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel. So all the managers of each
division, for instance, the restaurant, or conference and banqueting or housekeeping, report to
me. It's my role to set them goals. They all carry out these objectives in their own divisions.
Our hotel is part of a chain and that is the reason we are required to meet certain standards and
visitors’ needs. We are required to provide certain services, such as 24 hour room service, 24
hour porterage and 24 hour valet as well. It is my role to ensure these standards are maintained at
all times.
Also, as Operations Manager, I have direct responsibility for the reservations department in the
hotel which is the most important department in the hotel in terms of profit and revenue. It's
where we make sixty per cent of our revenue in the hotel.
HOTELS AND INTERNET. People can book hotel reservations in a number of ways. Internet
is becoming more and more important for hotel bookings. I wouldn't say overall it is going to
34
increase our bookings, we have to be aware of it because it's a different method of the way guests
can book.
So, we have to make sure we are offering the right rates, at the right time and in simple English,
so that everyone around the world can understand, as now it is not just travel agents accessing
the hotel information, it's somebody sitting at home.
1. When making a booking, I suppose the most important thing to remember, if you are a leisure
traveller, is to book as early as possible because that is the time when most of the discount or
special offers are available.
2. When you make the reservation by phone or the internet always ask for or write down the
confirmation number. And they can easily find your booking, even if they spelt your name
wrong or something went wrong.
3. If you have any special requirements for rooms, such as you'd like a room which is quiet, or at
the front of the hotel, or it's not near a lift or it is near a lift, then again I would suggest, or
recommend, that you make these at the time of booking. Once you check in on the day, those
preferences might not be available when you check in.
4. To guarantee your room, hotels in London, or in England specially, will ask for a credit card
or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late
arrival. In most UK hotels, if it is not guaranteed by a credit card, or some form of payment,
people have to vacate the room between 2 and 4 pm now.
Task 12. Find English equivalents for the Russian phrases from the text above.
Task 14. Translate the text into English and say if you plan or are going to visit these places
and why/why not.
Сидней
Квартал Рокс (The Rocks) – историческая часть города. Теперь это торговый и
гастрономический квартал. Здесь можно увидеть множество ресторанов с великолепным
видом на Оперный театр. На западном берегу Sydney Cove над Роксом пролегает часть
моста Харбор-Бридж. Отсюда началась история Австралии, когда первые колонисты,
построившие свои дома на скалах между Sydney Cove и Walsh Bay, стали двигаться
дальше и покорять континент.
36
все крупные пресноводные и морские рыбы, кораллы, а в просторном террариуме можно
увидеть несколько крокодилов.
Королевские ботанические сады (Royal Botanic Gardens) и парк The Domain – лучшее
место для отдыха от суматохи большого города, расположенное неподалеку от шумного
центра Сиднея. Сады территория The Domain образуют старейший парк Австралии. В
этом оазисе покоя кажется, что город находится в миллионах миль отсюда. Это
излюбленное место для пикников всех сиднейцев, поэтому по выходным в парке особенно
многолюдно. Чудесный парк прекрасно располагает к тому, чтобы позагорать,
пробежаться или просто пройтись и полюбоваться красивейшим видом на бухту и
Сиднейский оперный театр.
Task 15. Role-play the following situation. You are going to visit New York (or any other city)
on business in a fortnight’s time. Converse with your colleague(s) about your trip, in
particular about:
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: complete the sentences using few/a few, little/a little, many/much.
1. We did very ……….. business during the recession but ………. customers continued to spend
………….. money on jewelry.
2. Are there ….. employees in this company?
3. He is very successful even though he has ……….. education.
4. When she sold her house she only took ………. furniture with her and ………. personal
possessions.
5. There is not ……….. international news in the local newspaper.
6. His work is well-paid but it does not give him ……. satisfaction.
7. The group have brought very ……………… luggage, only ………. suitcases, but as for me, I
will need ………….. help to carry my suitcases up the stairs, because some of them are very
heavy.
8. My colleague is not sociable. He has ……….. friends.
9. He worked a lot, but achieved …………..
10. There is no need to hurry. We still have ………. minutes left.
Task 2. Match words 1-10 with their synonyms in the box, translate and memorize them.
Think of sentences with the words from the box.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. My ………… is that I will have a good education so that I can apply for a well-paid job.
2. About 36,000 …………………live in our city.
3. The company is ……………… a new range of products this year.
4. The brochure …………………ed (that) the local food would be superb.
5. The task of any government is ……………… economic growth.
6. The new regulations will be of great …………….. to all the employees.
7. The aim of the seminar is ……………….. awareness of cultural differences.
8. We want to ……………… the latest technology into schools.
9. He could not see the ………………… of arguing any longer.
10. The oldest ………………… of this village is 103 years of age.
11. I'll see what I can do but I can't …………… anything.
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12. For maximum ……………….., take the tablets before meals.
13. I've …………..ed myself some fun when the exams are over.
Task 4. There are a lot of jokes about health. Match the sentences a) to e) to compose a joke in
1-5. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The advantage of exercising every day is that …. a) to have a bacon sandwich in each
2. If you want to look young and thin …… hand.
3. Her idea of a balanced diet is ……….. b) you cannot get you and the water into
4. I kept reading in the papers that smoking was the bath at the same time.
bad for you, so finally I decided ………. c) to give up reading newspapers.
5. You know you are overweight when……… d) you die healthier.
e) hang around old fat people.
Task 5. Read the information below and nominate the myths and scientific facts.
▪ Garlic prevents heart disease ▪ Apricots are good for your skin ▪ Green tea protects your teeth.
▪ Brown eggs are more nutritious than white eggs ▪ Onions are good for your nerves ▪ Eating
raw goldfish helps you to gain strength ▪ Milk strengthens your bones ▪ Cutting out certain foods
is the fastest way to a healthy diet ▪ Bananas are good for your muscles ▪ Cabbage may help
prevent the development of cancer ▪ Cranberry helps soothe your tired eyes ▪ Milk is very good
for children ▪ Eating healthy means trying to consume a little less than you would like to ▪ Eating
only one type of food, such as grapefruit, helps to lose weight.
Task 6. Insert the necessary words. Answer the question: What is one method of controlling
your weight?
A humorist once wrote that the word ……….. comes from the word “die”. Most people who try
to ……….. their weight would probably agree. In Great Britain, being ……………….. is a
national problem. Much advice is given to help people to control their ………….. A modern
method is to make people understand the difference between real hunger and other factors that
make them …….. . For example, a travelling salesman realized that he ………. lots of snacks
only while driving his car. Because he found the source of his overeating he could ………. the
problem.
Task 7. Story time: use the information below to make up a story on the part of Betty Winter.
BETTY WINTER
• to be overweight • to lose 70 pounds 4 months ago • uncensored diet story • to achieve one’s
goal • to lose fat fast and easy • to find a great online fat loss programme • to begin one’s search
for the best diet • to be at a friend’s house • to weigh oneself • to weigh 227 pounds • to change
one’s life • to be huge (about herself) • to buy bigger clothes • to sense laughter behind one’s
back • to feel like a stranger at home • not to appreciate Betty (about her husband) • to smell like
McDonalds (about her car) • to want a different life • to need a change • to give much advice
(about her friends) • to try the gym • to be still huge (about weight) • to try a few diets • to starve
39
oneself to death • to combine starving with the gym • to have a near-death experience • to be an
unhealthy and easy way to lose weight • to buy a lot of food • to stay slim • to create meal plans
and recipes •to learn about calorie shifting • to be able to eat a few times a day • to stop buying
expensive food that promises miracles • to stop bad eating habits
to change one’s life completely • to look great now • to lead a healthy way of life now
40
Task 10. Read the following questionnaire and a) learn the vocabulary about fitness and
answer the questions; b) conduct a research exercise by asking your friends, acquaintances or
strangers in the street how they keep fit. Summarize their opinions and give a presentation in
class.
ARE YOU I N G O O D S H A P E?
Task 11. Translate the dialogue into English and use it in class.
- Привет, Джордж!
- Привет, Эмили, как дела?
- Спасибо, всё в порядке. Я сейчас возвращаюсь из спортивного клуба.
- Я не знал, что ты занимаешься спортом.
- О, да, я много занимаюсь спортом. По понедельникам и средам я хожу на аэробику.
Это по-настоящему полезно для сердца и помогает мне поддерживать форму.
- Да, ты прекрасно выглядишь! Ты занимаешься каким-либо другим видом спорта?
- По вторникам я хожу на йогу. Это помогает растянуть тело и отдохнуть.
- А по пятницам? Ты что-нибудь делаешь в этот день?
- Конечно, я хожу в тренажёрный зал и тренируюсь с гантелями в течение двух часов.
Это самый хороший способ укрепления мышц. А ты, Джордж, делаешь что-нибудь, чтобы
вести здоровый образ жизни?
- Я тоже делаю кое-какие упражнения. Бегаю каждый день перед завтраком. И
упражняюсь каждый вечер перед сном. Я отжимаюсь и приседаю.
- А почему бы тебе не пойти со мной в спортивный клуб? У тебя будет возможность
потренироваться побольше. Твои упражнения – это просто разминка перед настоящей
тренировкой.
- Ты права. Стоит попробовать. А ты делаешь ещё что-нибудь, чтобы оставаться
здоровой?
- Как ты знаешь, я не курю и не пью алкоголь. Я стараюсь избегать стрессовых ситуаций
и не переживать по различным поводам. Кроме того, я ем только здоровую пищу.
- Здоровую пищу?
- Да, овощи, фрукты, злаки, ржаной хлеб...
- Я думаю, что я тоже постараюсь сделать свой образ жизни более здоровым. Я буду есть
только здоровую пищу. И... когда мы идём в спортивный клуб?
Task 12. Translate the text into Russian and comment on whether or not this is a good law.
Answer the question: Should we take similar measures?
San Francisco has passed a law banning fast-food restaurants from giving away toys with some
children's meals. Supporters say many fast-food meals are very unhealthy, but McDonald's
called the legislation misguided.
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It could spell the end of the Happy Meal, the fast-food snack that is a hit with children at
McDonalds, because it is served with a free toy. City leaders in San Francisco have argued that
the same meal contains too many calories and they consider it has contributed to the situation
where nearly 20% of American children are obese.
San Francisco has become the first major US city to ban fast-food restaurants from giving away
toys with meals that do not meet nutritional guidelines. In future, you will only receive the toy if
you buy a healthy snack.
The burger giant McDonalds sent senior executives to the city to oppose the measure. In a
statement, the company said: “Parents tell us it is their right and responsibility, not the
government's, to make their own decisions and to choose what is right for their children”.
McDonalds, Burger King and 15 other food companies have signed up to self-regulate the way
they advertise food to young people.
Task 13. Translate the text into Russian and comment on how people can enjoy the food they
love and stay healthy and slim at the same time.
Healthy eating – it is the first thing to remember when thinking about losing weight. Eating a
healthy meal once a day is not a difficult task. In fact eating healthy meals all your life is easy.
You can eat ordinary things that you buy in your local store, you just need to know how and
when. No need for expensive stuff they advertise on TV or fancy web sites. Millions of men and
women all over the world struggle with weight issues and do not know how to resolve these
problems.
One disadvantage of losing weight too quickly is that your overall health condition suffers.
Unfortunately, many people have a hard time sticking to a long term diet, which is much safer.
There are, however, easy ways to lose weight over a long period of time, without starving and
sacrificing your health. There are a few things to remember before starting any good diet:
First, on any healthy diet you must eat and not starve. Your metabolism does not even kick in
and start working each day until you have given it some fuel to work with, and you cannot
possibly stick to anything long term if you feel like you are starving to death. Second, you have
to enjoy what you are eating. You cannot have chocolate cake for every meal and lose weight,
but you can prepare healthy meals that taste good.
And third, you just have to eat several times throughout the day so that you never actually feel
overly hungry. When you get too hungry, you will almost always eat more than you actually
need to make that hungry feeling go away. Experts recommend eating five or six times a day.
That is a starting point to build any diet. These are very easy ways to lose weight over a long
period of time simply because you will never be hungry.
It is common knowledge that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. And in terms of
boosting your metabolism, as a part of your easy healthy diet, this is indeed the case! There are a
couple of reasons why eating a hearty and healthy breakfast can boost metabolism and lead to
weight loss goals.
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The first reason is that people who eat breakfast are much less inclined to snack throughout the
morning. For example, if you had a good breakfast of fruit and low-sugar cereal in the morning,
your chances of visiting the vending machine at work around 10:30 a.m. diminish significantly.
But this does not mean that you should not eat something between breakfast and lunch. It simply
means that, since you will not be extremely hungry at 10:30am (because you skipped breakfast),
you will be less inclined to eat anything that you get your hands on; such as a tasty donut that
your co-worker was kind enough to offer you. In other words, by starting your day in a nutritious
way, you will have more control over what you eat throughout the day.
The second reason is connected with metabolism-boosting. Studies have shown that metabolism
slows during sleep, and does not typically get going again until you eat. Therefore, starting the
day with breakfast is like kickstarting your metabolism. You will actually burn more calories
throughout the day, simply by eating breakfast.
However you must beware of high-fat breakfasts. Studies show that high-fat breakfasts, such as
those that include bacon and sausage, not only deliver lots of calories (there are 9 calories for
every gram of fat, compared to 4 for every gram of carbohydrates and proteins, respectively).
But they also can make you very hungry again, very soon! Breakfasts that are high in fiber take
longer to digest, and thus, the body won’t be hungry again for a while.
This is something to bear in mind; and it may explain why many people who eat breakfast find
themselves painfully hungry by lunchtime; it’s not their “overactive metabolism” at work; it’s
the high fat content, which has been digested swiftly.
We must always make the correct choices with our food and drink and this will protect us from
killer diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
Task 14. Find English equivalents for the Russian phrases from the text above.
Task 15. Translate the text into English. The word combinations and phrases in the box may
be helpful to you.
В настоящее время люди всё больше думают о своём здоровье и качестве жизни. Они
понимают, что здоровье не купишь ни за какие деньги.
Многие люди не всегда завтракают или обедают, едят вредную для здоровья пищу и
переедают. Если мы слишком много едим, мы страдаем ожирением. Ожирение приводит к
серьёзным заболеваниям. Многим, прежде всего молодым людям, нравятся такие напитки,
как Кока Кола и кофе; многие «увлекаются» пиццами и гамбургерами. При этом все
знают, что не всё что вкусно, полезно. Ожирение – одна из актуальных проблем здоровья
в современном мире.
Чрезмерная диета может быть очень опасна для здоровья. Есть люди, которые
отказываются есть мясо, поскольку считают, что оно вредно. Они полагают, что
вегетарианская пища уменьшает риск заболевания раком и что вегетарианцы живут
дольше. Это спорное утверждение. Если мясо есть в разумных количествах, оно полезно
для здоровья.
Task 16. Act out a conversation with your colleague about bad habits and healthy living while
expressing the opposite opinion. Speak about smoking (reasons for smoking and its dangers),
dieting (whether it is healthy or dangerous) and playing sport (whether it assists in keeping fit).
Task 17. Answer the question: What is your personal understanding of a healthy way of
living?
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: use the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
Task 2 a) match words 1-12 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them.
Think of sentences using the words in the box.
b) Fill in the gaps with one of the following words: “trip”, “voyage”, “journey”, “travels”,
“flight”, “outing” and consider the difference between them. Compose sentences using these
words.
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………………. is an occasion when you go somewhere and come back again.
……………….. is a long journey, especially by boat or into space.
………………. an occasion when you travel from one place to another, especially when there is a long
distance between the places.
……………… is a journey through air or space in a vehicle such as a plane.
……………… is a series of journeys that someone makes to different places.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
b) insert the words in the box in a) into the gaps and translate these sentences into Russian.
Task 4. Complete the text using the appropriate word or word-combinations from the box and
talk about the process of boarding a plane.
Travelling
flight ▪ push ▪ lounge ▪ excess luggage ▪ to take off ▪ to check in ▪ a conveyor belt ▪ a trolley ▪
check-in ▪ weigh ▪ travelling by air ▪ a security guard ▪ to taxi ▪ duty-free goods ▪ hand luggage
▪ board ▪ the departure gate ▪ an immigration officer ▪ the departure board ▪ the control tower ▪
moves
When …………………… you have to get to the airport early in order …………………… about
an hour before your ……………. . If you have a lot of ……………., you can put it on ………..
and ………….. it to the …………… desk where someone will check your ticket and ………….
your luggage. If you have ……………………, it can be very expensive because you have to pay
extra money for it. Your heavy luggage is put on ……………………… and carried away. A
light bag is classed as………………… and you can take it with you on the plane.
…………………………… looks at your passport and checks your hand luggage before you go
into the ……………….. to wait until your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some
cheap ……………….. here. Then you see on ………………………………… or you hear an
announcement that you must ………………… your plane. You go through
……………………… When all the passengers are on board, the plane begins ………….. to the
end of the runway. Finally, permission is received from ……………… and the plane
……………… faster and faster in order …………………. .
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Task 5. Translate the dialogues into Russian. Pay attention to the phrases and phrasal verbs in
bold. Сonduct a role-play using these dialogues.
DIALOGUE 1
VICKI: Wow, that looks like a long email you’re reading there…
MATT: Yes, it’s from my friend Peter who has just started a round-the-world trip.
VICKI: Wow – he’s going round the world – how exciting! So did you go with him to the
airport to say goodbye to him?
MATT: Yes I went to see him off at the airport last week. He sounds like he’s having a
great time.
VICKI: So tell us more about your friend’s trip.
MATT: Well, after I saw him off at the airport, he took a plane to Australia!
VICKI: What a great start! Where in Australia? Sydney? Perth?
MATT: Actually his plane touched down in Melbourne. He’s going to travel all around
Australia.
VICKI: So, his plane touched down – it landed, in Melbourne. I’d love to go there. But I
think he’s really brave travelling around on his own.
MATT: Well I’m sure he’ll meet lots of people while he’s travelling.
VICKI: That’s true.
DIALOGUE 2
VICKI: So after your friend got off the plane Matt, what did he do?
MATT: Well, he had reserved a few nights in a hotel, so he went to check in.
VICKI: We use that phrase – to check in, when you arrive at a hotel and give your name
and get the keys to your room.
MATT: Ah but Peter didn’t like the hotel very much so he checked out again straight away!
VICKI: So he changed his mind, gave his keys back and left!
MATT: Yes, well he says in his email that the hotel was dirty and noisy, so he just decided
to check out!
VICKI: Wow it must have been bad if he left immediately. I hope he found somewhere else
to stay.
MATT: Yes, he found another hotel, checked in there and is much happier now.
DIALOGUE 3
DIALOGUE 4
Task 6. Translate the sentences into Russian, paying attention to the phrases and phrasal
verbs in bold.
1. When my brother went to university in Manchester, I went to the station to see him off.
2. Please keep your seatbelts fastened and your mobile phones switched off until the plane
has touched down.
3. When I moved to live in Edinburgh, I spent the first few days just looking around the city –
it’s so beautiful.
4. Even though my uncle lives in Los Angeles now, he still comes back to visit us in London
every few months.
5. Please make sure you have your passports and credit cards ready so that we can check in
quickly at the hotel.
6. On the day I left, I had to get up early to pack because I had to check out of the hotel
by 10.00.
Task 7. Story time: use the phrases in the box to compose a letter of complaint to the manager
of a hotel where Barbara Mint has stayed.
to stay at a hotel for 3 days in summer • to be extremely disappointed • to charge high prices • to
expect a better standard of service • the noise from the disco to be the most serious problem • to
keep going until 3 a.m. • to be in London to attend a very important conference • to be fresh and
alert • to be very hot outside • to open the windows • to be disturbed by the row • to ask the
managers to install air-conditioning • to be disappointing (about the food) • to be uninteresting
(about the menu) • to be tired (about the salads) • to come out of tins (about the soups) • not to be
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properly washed (about glasses and cutlery) • to leave much to be desired (about cleanliness) • to
find somebody’s personal things in the wardrobe • to complain about this at the reception • to
seem more amused than concerned (the hotel staff) • to be rude • to decide to advise my
company not to use this hotel again.
Task 8. Find English equivalents for the following phrases in Russian. Think of situations
where these word-combinations could be used.
Пристегнуть ремни, положить ручную кладь в шкафчик над головой, изучить инструкцию
по безопасности, зайти на борт самолёта, на борту самолёта, пройти паспортный
контроль, заполнить карту прибытия, занять место у прохода (у окна), предъявить
посадочный талон, получить регистрационный номер, кормить пассажиров во время
полёта, оставить сумки без присмотра, поинтересоваться о своём рейсе у информационной
стойки, регистрироваться на рейс, гулять по магазину, торгующему беспошлинными
товарами; везти багаж на тележке, попросить бортпроводника о помощи, заполнить
декларацию, подойдите к выходу номер 14.
Мистеру Блэку нужно было поехать в Нью-Йорк по делам, и он взял с собой жену и
старшего сына. Путешествие стоило дорого. Они решили продать машину и потратить эти
деньги на поездку. Блэки прибыли в аэропорт. К счастью, им не пришлось долго стоять в
очереди на регистрацию. После этого они пошли в магазин беспошлинных товаров, где и
провели большую часть времени. Вскоре они услышали объявление о своём рейсе. Семья
села в самолёт и заняла свои места: муж с женой сели у окна, а сын у прохода. Через
восемь часов их самолёт приземлился в Нью-Йорке. Семья Блэков прошла таможенный
контроль и отправилась в отель.
Всё показалось им необыкновенным в городе. Шофёр такси был очень разговорчивым и
по пути в отель рассказал им про Америку. Он старался убедить гостей, что всё в Америке
– лучшее в мире. Но Блэки вскоре обнаружили, что это совсем не так.
Билл предложил своей семье поехать обратно в Англию морем. Сыну очень понравилась
эта идея. Однако, Миссис Блэк сказала, что плохо переносит море. Биллу пришлось
отказаться от мысли поехать на пароходе домой в Англию.
Task 11. Compare the speed, comfort, safety and cost travelling by air, sea and land.
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Task 12. Translate the text into Russian. What thoughts about travelling do you dis/agree
with?
Travelling has less to do with seeing things than experiencing them…I decided to take a year to
see the world. I had a bit of money saved…I packed some gear and my bike and caught a flight
to Europe. I spent the first three months there…just doing whatever I felt like. I did not even
have a planned itinerary…but when I think back on those months, I mostly remember the friends
I made along the way and the good times we spend together. Like in Italy, I saw Colosseum in
Rome and the canals in Venice, but what I really remember was a weekend I spent in Bari – this
out-of-the-way city in the southern part of the country…with some Italian students I happened to
meet. They took me to this little bar where a local band was playing, and even though most of
them did not speak a word in English and my Italian was limited to menu items we ended up
laughing all night long. After that they showed me around Lecce and Matera, and little by little,
we became good friends. Same type of thing in France and Norway and Germany. I stayed in
hostels when I had to, but most of the time I'd just show up in a city and meet someone who
would offer to let me stay with them for a little while. I'd find odd jobs to pick up extra spending
money, and when I was ready for someplace new, I'd just take off. At first I thought it was easy
because Europe and America are a lot alike. But the same thing happened when I went to Syria
and Ethiopia and South America and Japan and China…Even if I went to the same places and
met the same people, it would not be the same. My experience would not be the same. To me,
that's what travelling should be about. Meeting people, learning to not only appreciate a different
culture, but really enjoy it like a local. My advice would be to make a list of places on some
index cards, shuffle them and pick any five at random. Then just…go and see what happens. If
you have the right mind-set, it does not matter where you end up or how much money you
brought. It'll be something you'll remember forever.
(Nicholas Sparks “The Choice”)
Task 13. Translate these tips for travellers into Russian and state whether you follow any of
them.
Do not carry a large amount of cash with you. If someone steals it or you lose it, you are not
likely to get it back. Carry enough cash for your day-today expenses. If you are staying in a
hotel, give any large amounts of cash to the manager to put in the hotel safe and ask for a receipt.
Do not leave your luggage, including your briefcase, unattended on railway platforms, waiting
rooms, luggage racks or anywhere else. You should carry valuables such as a camera, or a radio.
You should take special care of your passport, plane tickets and other personal documents.
On long journeys travellers can reduce the effects of jet lag by choosing when to fly. If
possible, you should fly at night and sleep for the whole journey. Make sure you feel tired before
the flight. Change your watch when the flight takes off. If necessary take a sleeping tablet, but
not a strong one and do not drink alcohol during the flight. Make sure flight attendants do not
disturb you. When you arrive do not have a rest. You should do some light exercises or go out in
the sunlight.
Не берите слишком много вещей. Берите только те вещи, без которых действительно не
обойтись. Если Вы колеблетесь, брать вещь или нет, то лучше её оставить. Всё, что Вы
хотите взять, должно войти в одну сумку. Берите вещи, которые не надо гладить. Не
забудьте будильник. Теперь поднимите сумку и повесьте себе на плечо. Походите с ней
51
пять минут. Вы устали. Вам придётся вынуть некоторые вещи. Без этих новых туфель
можно обойтись, но не забудьте взять с собой старые кроссовки.
Захватите карманный словарь. Вы сможете им воспользоваться при необходимости.
Если Вы едете заграницу по частному приглашению, привезите небольшой подарок
людям, у которых Вы остановитесь.
Кроме этого, возьмите несколько сувенирчиков из Вашей страны. Вы можете пойти в
гости и Вы приятно удивите хозяев своим вниманием.
Task 15. Render this text into English and state whether you agree/disagree with the
information giving your reasons.
Task 16. Act out a conversation with your colleague about your past experience in travelling
on business. Speak about preparations for the flight, how you received the tickets, the seating
category, the stopovers you made during your flight, the things you did on board the plane, and
the hotel where you stayed.
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UNIT VII Changing Lives
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple tense-
forms.
1. I (to know) Jack for 10 years. We (to study) at university together. He was one of the brightest
students in our group.
2. I (to order) a taxi to take you to the airport. So you will be on time.
3. He (to be) interested in jazz ever since he graduated from university.
4. Sorry, I cannot accept your invitation. We already (to make) our plans for the holiday.
5. The plane (to take off) from London at 9 a.m. and (to land) in Geneva at 10.30.
6. Anyone (to leave) a message for me?
7. The employment office (to call) me twice since I moved to Los Angeles.
8. We (to run) out of sugar. Can you go and get some from the shop?
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9. It’s been ages since I last (to see) a decent comedy on TV.
10. The police (to find) the bomb yet?
Task 2 a) match words 1-14 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them.
Think of sentences with the words from the box.
Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) how well or badly you do smth; how well or badly smth works –
2) to behave towards someone in a particular way –
3) to get help or an advantage from something –
4) all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc., when talked about as a group; people
who share the same religion, race, job etc. –
5) something very bad that happens and causes a lot of damage or kills a lot of people –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. She felt her colleagues ……………..ed her unfairly and she made up her mind to complain to
her boss.
2. The new management techniques aim to improve ……………………. .
3. A series of ……………….. forced the company to close down.
4. Unemployed people stand to …………… most from these policies.
5. He urged the international …………………… to take decisive action on debt relief.
6. He criticized the recent poor ………………………. of the company.
7. The aim of the programme is to improve ……………. relations.
8. We …………….ed directly from the reorganization.
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Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word or word-combination from the box.
Translate the text and comment on the way life in Vietnam has changed due to Fairtrade.
earned their living ▪ improve learning conditions ▪ to raise their standard of living ▪
production capacity ▪ have enabled ▪ brought new hope ▪ fabric ▪ to increase their income ▪ to
maintain their traditional lifestyle ▪ to enjoy the first benefits ▪ to carry out a "big" project ▪
needs improving ▪ secure ▪ take care of
Nam Lanh is a village in north Vietnam. In 2005 people of this village decided to sell tea
…………………….. . They thought they were able to improve and …………………… .
Fairtrade has brought additional benefits that ……….. the villagers to improve their school.
The villagers are subsistence farmers, who traditionally ……………………… by growing rice,
herbs and rearing chickens. The year 2005 ………………………. when the villagers started
exporting wild tea for export to European markets. Their aim is to increase their income to help
them to stay on their land and in their villages and ………………………………. .
A small percentage of their tea is now sold under Fairtrade terms and the community has started
to receive a modest Fairtrade Premium. Mr Ban Thua Chieu, President of the tea cooperative in
the Yen Bai region, explains that “As we have a limited ……………………… and have only
been selling small quantities of tea under Fairtrade terms, the Premium money we have received
is still low. But this small amount is enabling us ………………………… .” Mr Chieu and the
villagers are constructing a concrete school structure for over 40 children in the village.
Currently in the village there are two schools, a new one made out of concrete and an old
wooden hut. With the Premium, the villagers of Nam Lanh will build a second concrete school
which will not only …………………………….. for the children but help support the traditional
………….. of the village. Parents are often away for many hours in the mountains where they
………………….. their semi-wild crops. When they are away they want to be sure that their
children are looked after and are …………… .
As the wild tea pickers in Yen Bai are ……………………….. of Fairtrade, villagers are already
planning a second project. As is evident even on a sunny dry day, the road that leads to the
village …………………… . For this to happen they hope to find more buyers to buy their tea on
Fairtrade terms. Every three months we meet at the village communal house to decide how to use
the Fairtrade Premium. All villagers discuss their priorities together', adds Mr Chieu.
Task 5. Translate real people’s opinions about Fairtrade into English using words and
phrases from the box and say how different these people’s lives have become. Pay attention to
the use of the Present Perfect Tense. Retell the opinions in the 3d Person Singular.
55
AKOSUA BOADU: Fairtrade очень много сделал для меня. Тот кредит, который они мне
предоставили, помог мне приобрести швейную машину для дочери…»
AKUA GYAMFUA: «Мы теперь можем гордиться тем, что сами заботимся о себе и своих
детях…благодаря Fairtrade мы можем твёрдо стоять на своих ногах… мы стали стали
сами себя обеспечивать. Fairtrade помог получить многим женщинам образование.
Fairtrade внёс значительные изменения в нашу жизнь».
SAFOWAH DIANA: «Мои надежды это ... Я сама твёрдо стою на ногах. Ко мне приходят
люди, чтобы научиться у меня».
VIDA ADDAI: «С тех пор, как мы построили скважину, мы больше не страдаем
болезнями, передающимися через воду».
Task 6. Story time: use the phrases in the box to make up a story about Makandianfing Keita,
a cotton farmer in Mali. Use all the Grammar tenses you have learnt.
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4. Существует множество благотворительных организаций в мире. Они оказывают
финансовую и гуманитарную помощь населению стран третьего мира. Они раздают им
одежду и продукты питания.
5. В настоящее время большое число природных катаклизмов наносят серьёзный урон
экономике многих стран мира.
6. С прошлого года цены на какао, кофе и чай выросли на 2 процента.
7. Сейчас ООН реализует программу помощи жителям острова Гаити. Гаитяне, однако,
жалуются, что ничего не изменилось с прошлого года: воды нет, повсюду нищета, люди
живут на улицах, распространяется серьёзное заболевание холера. Представители
администрации Америки заявляют, что они делают всё возможное, чтобы улучшить
условия жизни гаитян и помочь им с рабочими местами.
8. Необходимо разработать долгосрочные программы помощи развивающимся странам,
чтобы избежать нищеты и различных заболеваний.
9. Производители одного из кооперативов в Коста Рике смогли предотвратить (избежать)
катастрофу благодаря тому, что цены Fairtrade покрыли все издержки производства.
10. Производители могут продавать компании Fairtrade только малую часть того, что они
выращивают, поскольку их рынок по-прежнему остаётся небольшим.
11. Мы оптимистично смотрим на развитие отношений между западными и азиатскими
компаниями.
12. Льготы – это дополнительные блага, повышающие уровень жизни
работника.
13. В последнее время местные фермеры перестали использовать вредные химикаты в
сельском хозяйстве, тем самым улучшили качество своего урожая.
14. Местные сообщества построили колодцы с чистой питьевой водой, дороги и школы
на социальные пособия, которые им предоставила компания Fairtrade.
15. Недавно руководство внесло значительные изменения в работу всей нашей компании.
Теперь ни у кого нет своего собственного кабинета, все имеют доступ к информации о
доходах и достижениях любого сотрудника. Однако если работник чем-либо недоволен,
то он может открыто высказать свои претензии или пожелания менеджеру.
16. В прошлом году произошло падение импорта на 3 %.
17. Резкое падение цен на экспортные товары сильно ударило по местным
производителям.
18. Есть ли у вас какие-нибудь предложения по поводу улучшения непростой
экономической ситуации в развивающихся странах?
19. Почему бы не сделать второй день пребывания итальянцев в Москве менее
напряжённым? Пусть они пообщаются со своими принимающими семьями, лучше узнают
друг друга. Можно завершить день пикником на открытом воздухе. – Мне кажется, твоё
предложение звучит очень заманчиво!
20. Руководство компании относится ко всем сотрудникам одинаково.
Task 9. Translate the dialogue into Russian paying attention to the phrases in bold. Guess how
Abigail’s life can change if he is finally given a pay rise.
Task 10. Translate the dialogue. Pay special attention to the phrases which can help you
describe graphs and trends.
TAN: Now, I'd like to refer to the first graph – as you can see this is a bar graph
measuring net sales over the first ten months of the year. You'll notice that sales rose
steadily in the first few months, then there was a marked increase in April. They
peaked in May at around 3.2 million, and levelled off, then there was a dramatic
drop in the following month, followed by a significant increase in August, and this
trend has continued up until the present.
JOHN: What was the reason for the sudden drop in July?
TAN: This was mainly due to a drop off in air conditioner sales – so it's a seasonal effect.
DENISE Could it be a consequence of the negative effect of the interest rate rise?
:
TAN: Possibly. Now, if I could draw your attention to this next diagram. This is a line
graph of sales – the blue line represents air conditioner sales, the red line shows
heaters. As you'll note, air conditioner sales dropped steadily from January to July,
bottoming out then, while heater sales experienced a sharp increase from March
to June, then dropped markedly from June to July, then declined through to
September, with a pronounced drop in October.
JOHN: Does this explain the fluctuation in total sales?
TAN: Largely – if we look at this pie diagram, you can see that air conditioners and
heaters together represent more than half of our total sales – but they vary seasonally,
while other appliances are fairly steady through the year.
JOHN: Well, we can't sell air conditioners when it's cold. What's the solution?
TAN: Export to Europe and America!
DENISE Easier said than done.
:
Task 11. Say why these people consider their companies the best to work for. Do you agree
with them? Whose company would you dis/like to work in? Why and why not?
DARCY Beeman, regional leader and financial adviser: “Jones will send someone to my office
to cover me while I'm gone and serve my clients. It doesn't cost me anything while I'm out on
leave. They make it easy. I can come back and take a couple of appointments a day and then
come home. If I want to bring my daughter into the office, that's fine… The hours are really what
you want them to be.”
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MICHELLE Dockery, development tester in R&D: “The people here are the best. All really
highly educated people and they're all very supportive. It feels like a family – almost like an
extension of home. I have two daughters who are both in the SAS childcare program and the
daycare is right on campus. I'm in walking distance from them and I'm able to visit them during
the day and have lunch with them. Also, I was able to nurse both my children for the first year.”
CHRIS DePumpo, store manager: “The company is family owned and there's access to the senior
executives. I can speak to the president if I have any questions. I have opportunities for
development and growth and it's fun.”
KEN Norton, senior product manager: “The food, the resources and the amazing people are
around you. For me though, the food is always the thing that I talk about the most – it is pretty
amazing. It's not so much the quality, but also the way in which the café is part of our culture. It's
like the village square in ancient Rome, where everyone meets and comes together. Some of the
coolest ideas have come from casual conversations in the cafés. Lunch is part of the creative,
innovative process. I'm a cyclist and I race bikes and I spend a lot of time training. I can go for a
ride in the morning and work from home, or in the early afternoon. The flexibility is
accommodating for having a life outside the office. You get the sense that the people running
things care about you and your life.”
JOHN Sullivan, store director: “Coming to this company was a great transition for me because of
the family atmosphere that it offered. We call our customers "guests" here. Whether it's giving a
little kid a cookie and a balloon or taking a cart of groceries to someone's car, I love being an
example to others. I wouldn't ask any associate to do something I wouldn't do myself, for
example taking the trash out. We have a wonderful relationship in the store. We really are a
family. We don't have a TV in the break room and it has been so interesting to see the
interpersonal relationships develop. I know their kids, their husbands and wives, I know their
dogs' and cats' names, what classes they are taking in school and whether they got a flat on the
way to work. The nice thing about this company is all the associates are empowered to do what it
takes to make their guests happy and meet their needs. It makes me excited to come to work
every day. I love seeing everybody.”
JOSEPH P. Gallagher, director of marketing: “After two years at the company I was diagnosed
with stomach cancer and took several months off. All through that process the company was
immensely supportive of me and my family. My wife was very pregnant and the employees on
my team set up a night nanny and six months of dinners delivered to our home. The company
kept my job for me and raised $30,000 in my name for the American Cancer Society. I felt that
the organization was an extension of my family, and when I came back in the summer my job
was here, plus my company were happy to see me. I was part-time for about six months and then
went full time. Now I'm back on my original growth trajectory.”
Task 12. Render the text into English using phrases from the box.
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Опыт российских организаций последних лет показал, что предоставление сотрудникам
дополнительных социальных льгот повышает результативность их работы и
лояльность, усиливает мотивацию, снижает текучесть кадров. В итоге это
способствует повышению конкурентоспособности компании.
B. Деньги вперед?
Нужен ли соцпакет для топ-менеджеров, и какие льготы для них подобрать, ведь этих
людей мало чем можно удивить. Часто руководители просто не успевают пользоваться
льготами, которые имеют рядовые сотрудники, – пропускают обед, занятия в спортзале.
Имеет смысл подойти к этой проблеме индивидуально.
***
SAS признали одной из лучших компаний за последние 13 лет. SAS имеет длинный список
льгот – помогает сотрудникам при воспитании детей, предоставляет медицинское
страхование и неограниченное число больничных дней. Кроме того, компания имеет свой
медицинский центр, спортцентр для фитнеса, библиотеку, летние лагеря для детей.
За всю свою 94-летнюю историю компания Wegmans Food Markets ни разу не проводила
увольнения сотрудников. Так, на сегодняшний день в компании 4000 тыс. работников
(11% от общего персонала) трудятся более 15 лет.
Task 13. Role-play the following situation. You are at an international conference in Tokyo
which is devoted to the world’s best companies. Talk to a participant of this event about each
other’s companies. Ask what company s/he works for, what it specializes in, how successful it is,
why s/he works there, what benefits and perks his/her company’s management offers, offered its
employees and which ones they have introduced recently, why s/he thinks their company is the
best.
Task 14. Do research. Ask your friends and acquaintances who work in different companies and
in different countries and ask them about the perks and benefits they are offered in their
companies. Summarize their opinions and present your research findings in class.
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: complete the situations with proper modal verbs in the correct form:
must, have to, may, and should.
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Task 2. Match words 1-14 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them. Think
of sentences with the words from the box.
Task 3. Match a word from the box with one of the definitions below.
1) to give smth to smb and at the same time receive smth different or even better instead –
2) to tell smb that you like or admire smth they have done, their appearance, etc. –
3) to make smb pay money as an official punishment –
4) having the job or duty of doing smth, taking care of smb/sth, so that you may be blamed if
smth goes wrong –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
Task 4. Story time: compose a personal story about Olga’s experience in Australia, using the
phrases in the box. Which of them refer to Australians and which to the Russian tourist?
to come from Russia • to visit Australia with her friends for a month • to be a very responsible
and honest lot • to experience culture shock • to love making jokes and at the same time to take
everything seriously • to realize all the wishes of Olga’s group • to lose her wristwatch while
bushwalking • to be upset by its loss • to report to the police • to ask Olga a lot of questions
about the appearance of the watch, its cost, Olga’s personal data for 1,5 hours • to feel exhausted
after this interrogation • to promise Olga to find her watch • not to believe it • to purchase a
watch at Sydney University • to buy Olga a replacement • to return to Russia • to have an email
from Australia 10 days later • to find Olga’s watch in the bush beside the track • to send the
found wristwatch by separate post • to write “children’s watch” on the envelope in terms of
security • to write an article on Olga’s watch in a local paper • to describe Olga’s watch as a
family heirloom • to be happy and pleasantly shocked with Australians
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Пересечение культур, называть друг друга по имени, быть в отпуске, прерывать
собеседника, обмениваться визитными карточками при первой встрече, уметь слушать,
опоздать на встречу, неэффективный способ работы, говорить по очереди, обильно и
выразительно использовать язык жестов, сделать комплимент японцам по поводу их
национальной кухни, получить разрешение фотографировать, одеваться на работу строго,
попусту тратить время, проявлять уважение к другим, легко приспосабливаться к разным
ситуациям, столкновение культур, выразить несогласие, сделать паузу прежде чем
ответить, иметь фиксированный график работы, стоять далеко друг от друга, подавать
заявление на визу, беспокоиться о чём-либо, согласиться на деловую сделку, справиться с
трудной задачей, организовывать рекламную кампанию, задеть чьи-либо чувства.
Task 7. Render the texts into English. Say what countries (nations) fall into the category of
multiactive, monoactive and reactive cultures and give reasons for this. What nations do you
think are more difficult to do business with and why.
Эти культуры называют слушающими. Прежде чем начать обсуждение, они обязательно
выслушивают своего собеседника. После того когда определится позиция партнёра или
собеседника, они перейдут к выражению своего мнения. Обычно это происходит после
паузы, которая, по их мнению, должна показать уважительное отношение к тому, что они
услышали. Во время паузы реактивные народы не просто молчат, они обдумывают
дальнейшие действия, поэтому такие паузы называют «конструктивным молчанием».
Стиль их общения можно выразить следующей формулой: «монолог – пауза – ответ –
монолог». Тихий и спокойный голос, вежливая интонация, использование безличных
предложений, стремление избежать зрительного контакта при разговоре – всё это
характерно для общения реактивных народов. Для них важно не только, ЧТО сказано, но
также КАК это сказано, КТО сказал.
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разговоре. В спорах представители этого типа культуры ведут себя сдержанно, вежливо и
говорят правду, даже если она может обидеть оппонента.
Они искренно верят, что качественный товар найдёт своего покупателя всегда. Поэтому
приёмы продаж у них в разных уголках планеты одинаковые.
Они всегда соблюдают законы и правила, что вызывает иронию у многих русских: «Ох уж
эти немцы! Они даже в полночь на пустынной дороге будут ждать зелёного сигнала
светофора, чтобы перейти улицу!»
Для моноактивных народов контрактные обязательства крайне важны, а задержка платежа
и изменение сроков недопустимы.
(А. Косов «Фонарик для чужой души»)
Task 8. Render the text into English using the words and phrases from the box.
to present the biggest obstacle ▪ identical dark suits ▪ to resolutely refuse ▪ to remove ones
jackets ▪ the scheduled 10 minutes ▪ to get to know one another ▪ to be deferential ▪ to stretch
beyond 20 minutes ▪ to aggressively contradict ▪ at nearly every encounter ▪ at the first
recruiting interview ▪ to fill particular slots ▪ to have a limited commitment to ▪ to be clearly
defined ▪ at will ▪ to be hardly more different ▪ to join a company ▪ middle managers ▪
superiors ▪ to become involved ▪ to resolve an issue ▪ to conclude wrongly ▪ to share
someone’s belief
Task 9. Translate the script from the BBC programme about “culture shock" and its five
stages into Russian and say what it means to experience culture shock. Complete the text with
appropriate English phrases from the box.
Rajni Badlani: When I first went to England I was absolutely, absolutely shocked. There were
three of us. Two of us Indians and there was one English person. Right in the middle of the
conversation he takes out a banana, peels it and starts eating it, without even saying ‘excuse me’
or whatever. We expect to be offered.
Marc: Dr Badlani describes a moment when two cultures collided, a moment of ‘culture shock’.
People who spend time living in another culture have many moments like this. But ‘culture
shock’ isn’t simply a series of small incidents that upset or puzzle us. It’s more a process – and,
in fact, it’s a process that many of us experience without ever leaving home. To explain further,
here’s Rebecca Fong, a teacher of intercultural communication at the University of the West of
England.
Rebecca Fong: Most of us tend to think of culture shock as a kind of exotic illness that we get
when we get to far-off places. Actually it’s extremely similar to something when we go through
any kind of change in our life. We’re constantly having to deal with the kinds of changes that
come with different stages of personal development and different events in your life like moving
house or getting a new job or divorce and all of these things involve us giving up something that
we were familiar with and trying to adjust and adapt to something new. Obviously changes like
this are traumatic in different degrees and they’ll be worse for some people than others.
Callum: The degree to which people experience culture shock when they visit a foreign country
depends on several things. One of the most important of these is ‘cultural distance’ – how
different is the culture that you’re visiting from the one that you’ve grown up in. Then, what is
your role in the new culture? Do you have people to talk to or do you feel terribly lonely? To
some extent, this will depend on your personality. But despite these individual differences, there
are certain stages to the process of culture shock that most people experience. Rebecca Fong
guides us through those stages now, with help and comments from people from around the
world. We begin in a positive frame of mind.
Rebecca Fong: Culture shock has roughly five different phases. The first is euphoria or
exhilaration, or the honeymoon period. It often takes from a few weeks to a few months
depending on the cultural distance, your personality and all the factors that we’ve already
mentioned. You’ve got over the panic of the travel and the departure and saying goodbye to your
friends and the journey was very exciting and you’ve got lots of things to look forward to – and
you arrive and you’re so busy looking for accommodation and the things that you need in that
country and getting to know the new people at work, and you tackle all your problems with good
humour – and you are far too busy to get at all negative or depressed. It’s not until after this has
worn off a little bit that you start to run into some of the problems. The climate will be different,
the traffic problems may be very different or you may find that the food is not to your liking.
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Mahmoud Jamal: When I was about 18 my aim was to go abroad to study. I decided to come to
London. When I first arrived I was only probably about 19 – what surprised me was the journey
from the airport, it was drizzling, it was middle of October, I was in a bus, I was looking at the
dark rooftops – it all seemed very, very strange. But soon enough I managed to find my ground –
I managed to find a place to live in and go and start working in the City of London. Now the
interesting thing is that I did not know that I was that different – which is so obvious now – but
at the time somehow the issue of race was not an issue that I had ever confronted in my life – so
I think this is something that can happen to people who move from one racial group or culture to
another.
Rebecca Fong: You begin to realize that you are an outsider and although the people from that
country are being polite and fairly kind to you, you start to realize that they don’t actually
understand what the problems are for you. And you start feeling yourself being critical about the
culture. You might begin to lose your sense of balance, you might begin to lose your sense of
humour. You might begin to think about your own culture very fondly and you might without
knowing it idealize or overidealise your own culture, romanticize it, think about how everything
at home is wonderful, you could get quite exaggerated ideas of how it is back home in this
particular stage. A lot of people get to this stage, suffer it for a while and then give up.
Devon Krohn: When I was abroad I started to feel quite homesick for England, which is part of
the reason why I came back. I was missing the kind of politeness that you get in English society
in everyday life in the supermarket, in the post office, where people greet you and they say thank
you and goodbye. When I came back to England I found it’s not really that different, but actually
it’s the same as it was abroad.
Rebecca Fong: If you can get past this stage you come into recovery or acculturation – the
learning process, the process of change over time where your contact with that culture seems to
improve and you integrate better with the culture. Language skills of course improve over time
and this is one of the things that helps you in this stage. You might find your sense of humour
coming back and you actually make more effort to become part of the community – make friends
and find out about the manners and customs of the particular place that you’re in. So in this stage
you’re learning and that brings you rewards which will eventually help you recover from your
culture shock. But at this stage you can still feel superior to the host culture and have some
difficulty in completely letting go of your own ideas and supplanting them with the ideas of the
new culture.
Mahmoud Jamal: When I first came to Britain I did not know who I was. As I discovered
Britain I also discovered myself – and this is also very important when people move from one
culture to another, one place to another. You know you wanted to be embraced by the culture
you went into – you wanted to feel at home – then you had a sense that oh well they were not
quite accepting you – so you had to find out who you were in order to relate to something that
belongs to you. So it can be quite a severe battle between the culture you are in and the culture
that you belong to – and then slowly you reach a compromise and you learn to live with it and
you learn to live with yourself.
Rebecca Fong: It’s not until the next stage – which is stage four – that you really adjust properly
and start to appreciate the culture for what it is – you start to understand the values and the norms
of that culture and its customs for what they really are. You might even begin to believe that
some of their values are better than your own. But that’s not necessarily the end of the wave
because if you ever find yourself going back home after your period abroad you might find quite
some difficulty re-adapting to your own culture. People will be pleased to see you of course and
you’ll long to talk to your family and friends about your experience – but pretty soon they won’t
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be interested in asking you questions about your having living abroad and you’ll find yourself
wanting to convey the information that you’ve learnt but having no real audience to do it with.
So it can be quite a challenge going back home and sometimes this can be referred to as re-
acculturation or re-entry shock.
Kyung-ja Yoo: People change. I’m really conscious of changing. Every year I go back to Tokyo
and then as soon as I see my family my friends – first couple of hours, that’s all right, but after
that I feel that I’m distancing myself from their emotion. Sometimes even my parents say that I
get cold towards them. I’m not but the way I show my affection is changing. But you can’t really
explain that to the people who’ve never been out of the country.
Task 11. Find English equivalents for the Russian phrases from the text above.
Task 13. Act out a conversation with your colleague about your experience in dealing with
representatives of different cultures. Speak about difficulties, hurdles and misunderstandings
you faced when doing business with your counter partners. Say what you did to promote this
cross-cultural dialogue and end it successfully. Mention if you experienced culture shock
communicating with foreign colleagues.
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71
UNIT IX For Over A Century
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous for the
verbs in brackets.
1. You (to decide) where to go? – Not yet. – We (to think) about it for the whole week.
2. I remember meeting your brother last summer, but I (not to see) him this year. What he (to
do) since then?
3. Sorry about the mess. – I (to paint) the house.
4. They (to repair) the road all this week, but they (not to finish) it yet.
5. Since I last stayed at this hotel, they (to put) their prices up.
6. Food prices (to rise) so rapidly in the past few months.
7. You look tired. I think you (to work) hard lately and you (not to get) enough fresh air and
exercise.
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8. I know that since January he (to be) in charge of the marketing department.
9. He (to apply) for jobs without success for months now.
10. In recent years terrorism (to become) a greater threat.
Task 2 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) to say what you think will happen in the future based on information that you have now –
2) to make a business, an idea, an influence, etc. cover more areas or operate in more places –
3) (usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions) to
have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do smth –
4) to add dirty or harmful substances to land, air, water, etc. so that it is no longer pleasant or
safe to use –
5) to travel or go somewhere with smb –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
Task 4. Reproduce the text about Barone Ricasoli and Brolio Castle.
According to Family Business, the leading American magazine that deals with the world
classification of family businesses, Barone Ricasoli is the fourth longest-lived company in the
world and the second in the wine sector. Barone Ricasoli is therefore the oldest winery in Italy.
The name Ricasoli has been linked to wine since 1141, when Brolio Castle passed into the hands
of the Ricasoli family.
After centuries defending the lands and signorial feuds, the Ricasolis dedicated themselves to the
development of agriculture and vineyard. Already in the 1600s documents report the first exports
to Amsterdam and England, whereas at the start of the 1900s Brolio wines were known and were
exported all over the world: China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Guatemala, Costa Rica and the
then British African colonies.
The first stones of Brolio Castle dates back to the middle ages. The castle passed into the hands
of the Ricasoli family thanks to an exchange of lands in 1141. Brolio, on the border between the
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territories of Siena and Florence, soon became the stage for all the disputes of the period,
representing the Florentine bulwark against the fearsome Siena. Through the centuries the castle
has suffered attacks and destruction in numerous historical battles, from Aragonese and Spanish
attacks during the fifteenth century, to disputes in the seventeenth century right through to
bombings and artillery attacks during the Second World War.
The castle has been rebuilt and modified several times and today it bears marks of the different
eras: from the fortified medieval bastions to the Romanesque and neo-Gothic additions and the
unique nineteenth century Tuscan details.
The castle is surrounded by 240 hectares of vineyards, forming part of the farm’s lands, making
it the largest in the Chianti Classico area: 1,200 hectares in the communes of Gaiole and
Castelnuovo Berardenga – valleys, hills, woods of oak and chestnut trees, 26 hectares of olive
groves, all enjoying the beauty and the wide variety of soils and climate in this central Chianti
area. The nearby avant-garde cellars are where we undertake the same pursuit of excellence
today that drove Bettino Ricasoli to invent the Chianti formula in 1872.
Task 5. Find English equivalents from the text for the Russian phrases.
Task 6. Story time: use the phrases from the box to compose a story about the Italian wine
entrepreneur.
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Task 7. Find English equivalents from Unit 9 for the following phrases in Russian.
1. Сейчас китайцы стали жить по меркам западной жизни (to enjoy western standards of
living).
2. Мы с нетерпением ждём Вашего приезда.
3. Министр финансов прогнозирует рост экономики на 2 % в следующем году.
4. Ещё в 1978 году всё промышленное производство находилось под контролем
коммунистического государства.
5. Вы не подбросите нас до железнодорожного вокзала?
6. За последние 15 лет в экономике Китая произошли значительные изменения.
7. Массовое производство фотоаппаратов позволило компании значительно расширить
свою деятельность.
8. Уточните время прилёта самолёта Боинг 777 Москва-Абу-Даби.
9. Вы проводили наших зарубежных партнёров до гостиницы?
10. Это книга о компании, которая существует на рынке уже более 100 лет.
11. Одолжите мне немного денег.
12. Теперь это новый высокотехнологичный продукт стал доступным для большего числа
людей.
13. За последнее десятилетие экономика Китая развивалась гораздо быстрее, чем в других
странах.
14. Производители машин Рено снижают цены в связи с ростом конкуренции на рынке
автомобилей.
15. Жители некоторых стран Африки недовольны своим нынешним правительством и
требуют его отставки. За последние три месяца жители этих стран провели
многочисленные акции протеста. Они требуют сменить руководителей стран, а также
улучшить условия жизни и работы.
16. Многие люди всё чаще стали приобретать товары в кредит.
17. Средний доход жителей Китая увеличился в два раза за последние 10 лет, поэтому
многие китайцы сейчас могут позволить себе приобретать потребительские товары.
18. За последний год компания два раза выставляла свою продукцию на крупнейших
международных ярмарках.
19. Объём продаж этой компании никогда не снижался за всю историю её существования.
20. Мы выступаем за модернизацию учебного процесса.
21. Компания Конго Гуми занимается строительством храмов уже более 14 веков.
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Task 9. Highlight the most important facts about the history of soy sauce.
During the hundred years from the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-eighteenth century, the
Mogi and Takanashi families led soy sauce production. Their business prospered in the city of
Noda, located in Chiba Prefecture. This is where Kikkoman was born.
Noda is located on the Kanto plain, which once used to be one of the largest production centers
for soybeans and wheat. It was easy to secure the necessary workforce in this region, owing to its
growing population following on the establishment of nearby Edo (today’s Tokyo) as the capital
of Japan. Besides its geographic advantages, boat transport developed in Noda, which was
blessed with two major waterways: the Tone and Edo rivers. It facilitated the transportation of
ingredients. Manufactured products could be delivered to Edo for mass consumption.
Based on historical documents, nineteen soy sauce brewers organized an association in Noda to
ship soy sauce mainly to Edo. By the mid-nineteenth century, Noda had become the largest soy
sauce producer in the Kanto region.
In 1917, the Mogi family, the Takanashi family and the Horikiri family merged their businesses
to form Noda Shoyu Co., Ltd. In 1964, Noda Shoyu Co., Ltd. changed its corporate name to
Kikkoman Shoyu Co., Ltd. In 1980, this trade name was altered to the company’s current name:
Kikkoman Corporation.
In the mid-seventeenth century, traders began overseas exports of Japanese soy sauce, and
exports of Kikkoman Soy Sauce started in the mid-nineteenth century; it was only after the
Second World War, however, that Kikkoman’s business abroad expanded significantly.
Following the war, Occupation forces, journalists and other foreigners resided in Japan. Seeing
that they were becoming familiar with Japanese cuisine and its use of soy sauce, Kikkoman saw
great potential in overseas expansion.
In 1957, Kikkoman opened its first overseas sales base in San Francisco. To meet steadily
increasing demand, Kikkoman then built its first overseas production plant in the United States
in 1972. Following on its success in the U.S. market, Kikkoman began to establish production
and sales networks throughout the world. Today, Kikkoman has three soy sauce production
plants in Japan and seven abroad, and sells to markets worldwide.
The mission and dream of Kikkoman is to make naturally brewed soy sauce a standard global
seasoning.
Task 10. Render the text into English. Say what these companies have been producing for a
certain period of time.
B. На втором месте – немногим более молодая компания Hoshi – основанная 1290 лет
назад. Как рассказывают в самой компании, согласно древней легенде, некогда очень
давно к одному священнику спустился бог горы Хакусан, который наказал ему найти
подземный горячий источник на этой горе. Источник нашли, и священник обратился к
семье Хоси с тем, чтобы ее члены возвели там курорт, куда люди могли бы ездить
лечиться на воды. Сейчас отель у этого источника, которым управляет компания Hoshi,
располагает сотней номеров, в которых могут одновременно разместиться 450
нуждающихся в лечении постояльцев.
Доминируют же в первой десятке итальянцы. Целых пять компаний из этой страны входят
в top10 древнейших предприятий планеты. По мнению аналитиков, это свидетельство
силы семейных уз и традиций в Италии, фактор, говорящий о силе внутрисемейных
связей в итальянском бизнесе и нежелании большинства руководителей превращать
семейный бизнес в классические акционерные предприятия. Итальянские семейные
компании, хоть и менее древние, нежели японские, занимают четвертое (Barone Ricasole –
виноделие, оливки), пятое (Barovier&Toso – стеклоделие), восьмое (Torrini Firenze –
ювелирное дело), девятое (Antinori – виноделие, оливки) и десятое (Camuffo –
судостроение) места в списке.
Отметим также, что из первой двадцатки шесть компаний – это старые винодельческие
фирмы. Судя по тому, что винодельческие компании и фирмы по производству
алкогольных напитков вообще доминируют в рейтинге (всего их 25 в top100), в этой
отрасли семейные традиции наиболее сильны и «семейственность» бизнеса меньше всего
мешает его выживанию в современных условиях по сравнению с другими отраслями
деятельности. Замыкает первую двадцатку впервые встречающийся в рейтинге
представитель сферы финансового дела – немецкий банк Bernberg Bank. Основанный в
1590 году, это один из немногих старейших частных банков Германии, до сих пор
остающийся независимым.
Task 11. Render the text into English and comment on the economic growth of today’s China.
При этом Китай – бедная страна… Да, китайцы в прошлом году купили больше всего в
мире машин, но и сейчас уровень владения автомобилями в Китае как в США в 1917 году.
В КНР до сих пор более 50% населения живет в деревнях, без доступа к элементарной
инфраструктуре.
Сейчас Китай пытается повторить путь, который «азиатские тигры» прошли в 1980-е
годы. Такие массивные структурные изменения экономики, как рост урбанизации, всегда
сопровождаются повышенными темпами роста производства, увеличением объема
инвестиций в основной капитал и увеличением потребительского спроса. Китайской
экономике потребуется еще лет 20 для того, чтобы встать в один ряд с другими
индустриальными державами, все эти годы темпы экономического роста будут высокими.
Поэтому утверждение, что Китай уже исчерпал свой инвестиционный потенциал, —
большое преувеличение…
(Forbes, июнь 2010)
Task 12. Do research. Describe different products Russian and overseas companies have been
producing for a certain period of time. Say when and where they started the production of these
78
products; if they have ever exhibited their products at international events; if their sales have
increased or dropped for their history.
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If you (to translate) this article into Russian, I (to use) it in my report.
2. Where you (to go) when you (to come) to Moscow?
3. She (to take) her children out for a walk, if she (to finish) her work earlier.
4. Tell him to wait when he (to come). I may be late.
5. It my colleague (to have) any problems with computer, he (to give a ring) you.
6. If they (to leave) now, they (to be able to catch) the 6 o’clock train.
7. We (to need) more chairs if we (to invite) so many people to the party.
8. If Jack (to call), I (to let) you know.
9. If you (to be) more attentive, you (to make) such mistakes.
10. If (to find out) her address, he (to write) her.
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Task 2 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) the number of years that a person is likely to live; the length of time that smth is likely to exist
or continue for –
2) a duty to deal with or take care of smb/smth, so that you may be blamed if smth goes wrong –
3) to make smth continue at the same level, standard, etc.; to support smb/smth over a long
period of time by giving money, paying for food, etc. –
4) suitable for people to live in –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. The government must do its best ……………………….. prices (= prevent them falling or
rising)
2. We are recruiting a sales manager with ………………………. for the European market.
3. ………………………… for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.
4. She ………………………... a dignified silence.
5. Women have a longer ……………………… than men.
6. The …………………………... for doing this rests with the department managers.
7. The ………………………….. of a large bus is about 15 years.
8. The house should be …………………… by the new year.
9. The two countries have always ……………………… close relations.
10. I don't feel ready to take on new ………………………… .
11. They've done their best to make the house habitable.
12. Her income was barely enough …………………. one child, let alone three.
Task 4. Complete the following extracts to an international magazine with appropriate phrases
from the box.
devastating floods / famines ▪ the number of fish ▪ climate change ▪ have disturbed the ozone
layer ▪ fossil fuels ▪ rising sea levels ▪ green politics ▪ greenhouse gases ▪ to tackle pollution ▪
disturb the ecological balance ▪ exhaust fumes ▪ irreversible damage ▪ natural disasters ▪ crops
fail
80
катастрофы), but it is human beings who are
causing them.
Task 5. Story time: use phrases from the box to compose a story about Ms Bicky.
to be over 50 y.o. • to be single and poor • to live in a tiny apartment • to pretend to be happy • to
want to look beautiful and cheerful • to ask for leftovers • to look for make-up in Public Ladies •
to keep up her appearances • to wind her waist around with papers to look slim • to take a walk
in parks • to meet an old man • to live in a small apartment • to look miserable • to enjoy the
company of Ms Bicky • to spend much time together • to imagine things about her flat (to speak
about her flat as a big, spacious and beautifully decorated apartment) • to pretend to be busy and
have a lot of things to do at home • to produce a good impression on the man • to invite to a
restaurant • to be surprised and pleased • to get drunk • to ask her to marry him • to get frightened
• never to go to parks and get acquainted with anyone
Task 7. Translate the sentences into English using the vocabulary of the unit.
1. Кажется невероятным, что число людей, которые не имеют доступа к чистой питьевой
воде, увеличится до 4 млрд. к 2025 году.
2. Продолжительность жизни с каждым поколением увеличивается.
3. Будущее жизни на земле зависит от нашей способности действовать решительно.
4. Учёные предсказывают, что 80 % дикой природы погибнет, если мы сейчас не
предпримем какие-либо шаги (действия), чтобы остановить глобальное потепление.
5. Развитие медицины и улучшение санитарных условий означают, что инфекционные
заболевания больше не убивают миллионы детей и взрослых, как это было в прошлом.
6. Леса играют важную роль в нашей жизни. Они дают нам чистый воздух, а также
растения, из которых потом люди делают лекарства. Если человек продолжит вырубать
леса и загрязнять окружающую среду, то через несколько лет будет уже поздно что-либо
делать, чтобы спасти планету.
7. Чтобы предоставить людям, которые живут в нищете, возможность лучше жить,
потребуются ресурсы ещё 4-5 планет.
8. Мы несём ответственность за последующие поколения. Мы должны оставить после
себя здоровую и жизнеспособную планету.
9. Какой уровень рождаемости в развивающихся странах в настоящее время?
10. Если предсказания учёных о повышении уровня моря окажутся верными, то половина
населения Америки, которое живёт в прибрежных районах, потеряют свои дома.
11. Есть ли надежда на лучшие условия жизни и работы у жителей стран третьего мира?
81
12. Если водные ресурсы закончатся, то у людей не будет возможность развивать
сельское хозяйство и индустрию. Вода станет главной причиной войн на земле, так как
без воды люди и природа не выживут.
13. Сто лет назад продолжительность жизни в развитых странах составляла у женщин 49
лет.
14. В 2011 году правительство Франции увеличило официальный возраст ухода на
пенсию.
15. В 2002 году Всемирный банк прогнозировал падение численности работающего
населения в странах Европейского Союза, на 7 %.
16. В Японии и Франции продолжительность жизни является самой высокой.
17. Быть старым (в возрасте) не значит болеть. Исследования показали, что здоровый
образ жизни (правильная еда и регулярное занятие спортом) сохранит присутствие
здравого ума и молодость тела.
18. Никогда не поздно начать учиться.
19. Австралийцы – очень жизнерадостная нация. Даже в 70-80 лет они выглядят очень
бодро, активно занимаются спором, быстро ездят на машинах, шутят и живут полной
жизнью.
20. Меня интересует, как долго продлится моё путешествие.
Task 8. Consider these hints on how to save the environment. Can you think of any other
energy-saving tips to add to this list? Which of them do you follow?
Task 9. Render the text into English. What can you say about the garbage problem in Russia
based on the information from the text? Do you agree with the solutions of this issue
according to the text?
Мусор
Что делать? Решить проблему можно, но для этого необходимо помнить о двух вещах. Во-
первых, мы должны прекратить сбрасывать мусор в места свалки и, во-вторых, важно
сократить количество выбрасываемого мусора.
Task 10 a) Match environmental terms 1)-13) with their definitions a)-m) and learn this
vocabulary b) think of your own sentences with these notions.
1) carbon footprint a) the natural world, including the air, water and land in or on which
people, animals and plants live;
2) environmental b) keep and protect something from waste;
3) a bottle bank c) a place where wind turbines (tall structures with blades that are
blown; round by the wind) are used to produce electricity from the
power of the wind;
4) wind farm d) relating to the natural world and the effect humans have on it;
5) the greenhouse e) not using artificial chemicals in the growing of plants or raising
effect animals for food and other products;
6) pollution f) human-caused increase in the global temperature;
7) environmentalist g) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the
atmosphere which the majority of scientists think causes global
warming;
8) the environment h) designed not to damage or harm the environment;
9) environmentally i) collect and treat rubbish to produce useful materials which can be
friendly / green used again;
10) organic j) damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste;
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11) global warming / k) a large container which people put empty bottles and other glass
climate change objects into so that the glass can be used again;
12) conserve energy / l) an individual's or organization’s total output of carbon dioxide and
electricity / power other greenhouse gases caused by their everyday actions;
13) recycle m)person who wants to protect the environment from being damaged
by human activities;
Task 11. Translate the sentences using the terms from the previous exercise. The phrases in
the box can help you translate the sentences.
Task 12. Role-play the following interview about ageing population. Comment on any new
information.
ALICE: Hello! I’m Alice and this is 6 Minute English. I’m joined today by Abdu. Hi Abdu.
ABDU: Hi Alice.
ALICE: Today we’re talking about ageing populations, pensions and retirement. I’m going to
start by asking you Abdu – what age do you expect to retire?
ABDU: I’m planning to retire around 65 to 70.
ALICE: And do you have a pension?
ABDU: Unfortunately not.
ALICE: I’ve also got a third question – according to the United Nations in 1950, 8% of the
world’s population was over 60 years old. Currently 11% of the world’s population is
over 60. Any guesses what percentage will be over 60 in 2050?
ABDU: I’m not sure – it looks like it’s going up? I would guess 15%.
ALICE: Have a think about it. There are lots of terms for people who have reached retirement
age. Official terms in British English are ‘OAP – which stands for old aged pensioner’
84
and in American English ‘Senior Citizen’ or ‘Senior’.
ABDU: You hear the term OAP less frequently these days in the UK. It doesn’t sound as
respectful perhaps as ‘Senior Citizen’.
ALICE: In many countries, economists and politicians are talking about the impact of an
ageing population. In many countries around the world people are living longer and
will spend more time in retirement. Experts are worried about how we will pay for
the health and services for an increasing number of people in retirement.
ABDU: Some people save money in pension plans or retirement funds as they’re called in the
United States. What’s interesting is how many people don’t have pensions despite the
warnings given by governments about saving for retirement. According to a BBC
survey, only 2 out of every 10 people around the world have a pension.
ALICE: We asked people if they were scared about getting old and not having enough money
to live on. Here’s what they said:
Goodness there’s a question – I currently have a pension in my job so I’m not too worried that
way and I’m also hoping to save for my retirement and for later years by owning property and
renting that out and selling it on when I need more income. I’m not fussed about getting old –we
all have to get older sometime, you know, so I’m not scared about it. Life is life and that’s the
way life should be. I’m not scared about getting older or being unemployed, at all. Not very
scared – I’m more scared about getting older than being unemployed. Absolutely terrified – I
don’t know what’s going to happen in the future. I’m really worried and I really need to sort that
out.
ALICE: Some people have other plans for how they will survive financially when they retire.
One man said he was hoping to save for retirement by owning property and renting it
out or selling it when he needs more income.
ABDU: And one man said he was terrified – very very frightened about what’s going to
happen in the future because he hasn’t thought about planning for retirement.
ALICE: In some countries the age of retirement is increasing so that people will work longer
before they collect their pensions. This is very controversial in some societies.
ABDU: In France people went on strike to complain about proposals to increase the retirement
age from 60 to 62.
ALICE: And in the UK, some people in their 20s and 30s are annoyed that they may have to
work longer than people in previous generations – especially those born in the 1940s
and 50s who are sometimes called the baby boomer generation.
ABDU: The baby boomers – people born between the years of 1945 and 1964 after the Second
World War, when there was a large increase in the number of children born.
ALICE: Here’s Rosamund Irwin, a 26-year-old journalist, talking to her father Nigel, a 60-
year-old lawyer. She thinks life is going to be very difficult for young people in the
future:
Well, I think the baby boomers are guilty of great generational injustice. What they’ve done to
the future is they have had the very advantageous position of having access to very generous
pensions. They’ve had cheap housing when they came out of university and they didn’t pay to go
to university. This problem that arises is because of changes in demographics, and the
expectation that we’ll all live longer and I think that the next generation has every prospect of
living longer, than we baby boomer generation. And so if they want to complain that they’ve got
to work longer to earn those pensions it’s because they will live longer overall.
ALICE: So Rosamund Irwin says it’s unfair that her generation will have to work longer than
her parents did. She says there is generational injustice.
ABDU: She says her parent’s generation started from an advantageous position.
85
ALICE: They have generous pensions and had cheap housing compared to today. But her
father says his generation shouldn’t be blamed. He thinks the problem arises because
of changes in demographics. In this case, that’s the spread of ages across the
population, the fact that there are more older people than there were before.
ABDU: But he says that younger people have every prospect of living longer.
ALICE: I think he means that the younger generation should be grateful that they will live
longer than people have ever done before – but they will have to pay for it. So have
you had a thought about our question at the beginning of the programme Abdu? What
percentage of the world’s population will be over the age of 60 in 2050?
ABDU: I’m sticking with my original answer – 15%.
ALICE: Actually, it’s a bit higher. By the middle of this century, the United Nations estimates
that 22% of people will be over the age of 60. Well that’s all we’ve got time for today.
Thanks for joining us and see you next time.
ALICE/ Bye!
ABDU:
Task 14. Hold a conference with your groupmates on environmental issues. Each of you
represents a country. Discuss environmental problems you face in your country and ways of
addressing them.
Task 15. Do research. Use the statement “To be old does not mean being ill” to compare senior
citizens from different cultures and countries. What life do they lead after they retire? Do they
retire from life as well? Use real examples, books and movies. Present your results in class.
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: put the verbs in brackets in the correct form of Conditional 2.
Task 2 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) to combine two or more things so that they work together; to combine with smth else in this
way –
2) the state of being crowded and full of traffic –
3) to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation; to avoid smth unpleasant or dangerous
–
4) to ask an amount of money for goods or a service –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. Engineers are hoping network …………….. will become a thing of the past.
2. We won't ……………… you for delivery.
3. She managed ……………….. from the burning car.
4. The restaurant ………………… £20 for dinner.
5. She was lucky ……………. punishment.
6. The department has successfully ……………… new ideas into the traditional course
structure.
7. He only ………………….ed me half price.
8. The results should be ………………….ed into the final report.
9. The pilot ……………. death by seconds.
10. What did they …………….. for the repairs?
11. Better public transport would help ease traffic …………………...
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12. Do you think museums should …………………. for admission?
Task 4. Translate the dialogue of two young Americans talking about Paris and London. Say
what they dis/like about these cities.
Task 5. Story time: make up a review of the best cities to live in using the phrases in the box.
Add more information if necessary. Explain why these cities are considered the best to live in.
Montreal: one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities • to represent a little slice of
Europe under North American skies • to have diverse restaurants • an amazing nightlife • to be
freezing cold in winter • a rapidly growing economy • a great place to make one’s home.
Paris: rich culture • developed public transport system • to be home to some of Europe’s largest
corporations • to be famous for romanticism • to play a crucial role in the international economy.
New York: the largest city in the USA • “the Big Apple”, “the City That Never Sleeps” • to have
the lowest crime rate among major US cities • an international center for business, finance,
fashion, medicine, entertainment, media, culture • to have a lot of museums, galleries,
performance venues, international corporations • multicultural city • to be home to the
headquarters of the United Nations Organization • a city of skyscrapers • to attract people from
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all over the globe • to come there for economic opportunity, culture and fast-paced lifestyle.
Seoul: a capital city • a vibrant place • to offer a great deal to the prospective international
resident • friendly citizens • excellent entertainment and dining, • a multi-religious society •
superb public transit • to have international connections • to have one of the world’s best
airports.
Frankfurt: economic capital of Germany • endless employment opportunities • not a rich cultural
life • to offer a high quality of life and other comforts • to boast excellent connections to
destinations across the globe (about the city’s airport) • a good base to start travelling around
Europe.
Melbourne: one of the world’s nicest cities • a great place to make one’s home • to have beautiful
beaches • great restaurants, an exciting downtown area • to enjoy laid back lifestyle (its
residents) • to operate at a slower pace than Sydney • to have four distinct seasons.
Miami: “a stateside tropical paradise” • to combine Latin culture and sizzling beaches • a great
place for an outdoor enthusiast • the best place for a single professional • a fairy tale for those
seeking a busy city life • strong local economy • low taxes, affordable rents • to have travel
connections to Latin America.
Task 8. Translate the dialogue about the London Tube and comment on any new information.
What is your attitude to the underground?
ALICE: Hi Yvonne.
YVONNE: Now Alice, how do you get around London?
ALICE: Ooh – by bus, bicycle and usually the Tube.
YVONNE: Aha, and most people would agree that the London Underground – ‘the Tube’ – is
the best way to get around this city. But many people have a love-hate
relationship with the underground – we either love it or hate it.
ALICE: Oh dear, more delays – that's when the Tube is running late and doesn't come along
when we expect it to. And that makes it unreliable.
YVONNE: And the thing I hate most is that on a crowded carriage – or compartment – I
always have to stand under someone's armpit – and they don't always smell very
nice!
ALICE: Oh, Yvonne – you poor thing. It's probably because you're not that tall, right?
YVONNE: Anyway, there is a lot to love about the Tube as well. It’s reasonably fast, it covers
a wide area and it has a long history. During the last financial year, how many
kilometres did Tube trains travel? Was it about equal to: a) 72 trips to the moon and
back b) 85 trips to the moon and back or c) 90 trips to the moon and back?
ALICE: Oh, I've got no idea, so I'm going to guess and go for the big one. 90 trips to the
moon and back.
YVONNE: Mmm – a very brave guess! Now, if you live or work in London, or even if you’ve
only ever used the Tube once as a visitor to Britain, you’ll probably have an
opinion on it.
ALICE: Yes, tourists and visitors to London who I’ve spoken to say they find it quite
simple to use and that the map is very good. It's difficult to get lost underground.
YVONNE: Hmm, it is. When our colleague Natalie first arrived in London from Northern
Ireland, one thing about the Tube really surprised her.
Natalie: Nobody speaks to each other on the Tube; nobody looks at each other either most of the
time. And at first, it was strange being that close to strangers, but you just have to get on with it
or you'll not get on the Tube.
YVONNE: So Natalie found it strange to be standing so close to people she didn't know –
strangers – because the Tube was so crowded.
ALICE: She soon realized that if she didn't “get on with it”, squeeze into a carriage and
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travel in cramped conditions at rush hour, she might never go anywhere.
YVONNE: Mm, Natalie was most surprised that people don’t really speak to each other on the
Tube. And do you know, it's true. We do avoid eye contact with other people, but
I’m not sure why? But I'm a Londoner, and of course, I think lots of us are quite
friendly.
ALICE: I think it happens in all big cities. When there are lots of people in small, public
places, people avoid eye contact or talking to each other.
YVONNE: Now let’s hear from Wang Fei, another of our colleagues. He's from China, but has
a much more romantic view of the Tube. Let’s listen to part of this rather poetic
piece he created about the sounds we hear underground:
Wang Fei: I hear a rumbling noise begin quietly, then grow louder and louder, building up to a
noise explosion as the train comes into the station. (This is South Kensington…). I hear the beeping
sound and the doors open and close. I hear the clacking sound of the track, a constant
soundtrack to people silently reading newspapers and books on the train.
YVONNE: Aw, Alice, that might certainly make us feel a little differently about the Tube,
don't you think?
ALICE: Yes, it often takes fresh eyes to look at something we take for granted.
YVONNE: That’s true. So Wang Fei used quite a few adjectives to describe some of the
sounds we heard there as we travel on the Tube. Alice, remind us of a few please.
ALICE: Sure. Wang Fei describes the sudden, loud sound that we hear as the train arrives at
a station as 'a noise explosion'. But first, the train makes a quiet, rumbling noise
that grows louder and louder.
YVONNE: Mmm, that was lovely, because it's the same word we use to describe the sound our
stomachs make when we're hungry. Our stomachs rumble. They make a rumbling
sound.
ALICE: Then there was 'beeping' – that's the sound we hear as the doors open and close on
the carriages. And this beeping's really important for blind or visually impaired
people to know when the doors are open or shut.
YVONNE: Yes, because the beeping sound lets them know when it's safe to get on and off the
train.
ALICE: We also heard about the “clacking” sound – which Wang Fei says is a continuous
sound that we hear in the background. So it's like the music in a film; he calls it 'a
constant soundtrack'.
YVONNE: 'A constant soundtrack'. Well, I hope we'll both think about all those things next
time we're stuck on a Tube train, Alice.
ALICE: I hope so.
YVONNE: And before we go, our question! I asked you Alice: during the last financial year,
how many kilometres did Tube trains travel, in terms of trips to the moon and
back? And your answer was?
ALICE: I think I said 90.
YVONNE: Yes, 90 trips to the moon and back.
ALICE: Amazing!
BOTH: Bye!
Task 10. Translate this dialogue and role play it. Use the phrases from the box while
translating.
(Бил действительно старается стать настоящим жителем Нью-Йорка. Пока они едут
на машине, он читает дорожные знаки, комментирует их. Когда на дорогах никого нет,
он читает путеводитель и разные буклеты по Нью-Йорку, которые он с собой захватил,
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изучает туристические маршруты. Он кричит от радости, когда видит какое-нибудь
знакомое историческое здание, церковь или памятник).
Task 11. Translate the text into English and say whether you would like to live or just visit this
city and why/why not.
Есть нашей на планете места и города, известные, очень комфортные для отдыха и
туризма. Уникальный город-страна на юго-востоке Китая.
Около 98% населения Гонг Конга – этнические китайцы. Английским языком владеет
большинство, особенно молодежь. Местные жители – доброжелательный, современный,
веселый народ, гоняющий на Ягуарах, Поршах и Мерседесах.
Гонг Конгцы – народ очень деловой и прагматичный. Они всегда спешат, расталкивая
всех вокруг и крайне редко при этом извиняясь. Каждый Гонг Конгец имеет сотовый
телефон, по которому он постоянно разговаривает – в кинотеатре во время сеанса, в
переполненном трамвае, в туалете, в метро.
«Город денег» (Гонконг известен как один из самых дорогих городов мира) местные
жители предпочитаю называть городом Жизни. Он действительно как жизнь – на выбор
все варианты от дешевого, до фантастически дорогого.
Гонг Конг очень небольшой по площади, и большая часть его территории – это горная
местность, непригодная для жилья и маленькие, малозаселенные острова (их более 200).
Жилые дома в основном – 30-40 этажные.
Питание: вариантов как пищи так и цен множество: от Макдональдсов до ресторанов где,
бывало, обедала Принцесса Диана. Все кухни мира.
В столице Индии введена в действие линия метро, ведущая в аэропорт. В Москве такой
линии нет. Те жители Дели, кто в состоянии купить билет, хвалят метро, которое
работающее всего семь лет.
Раньше поездка из дома обходилась в 50 рупий, теперь – в 15. Цена поездки зависит от
расстояния. Самый дешевый билет – 8 рупий, самый дорогой (исключая поездку в
аэропорт) – 30. Есть вариант, подходящий для туристов, – проездной на 1–3 дня. Воздух
во всех вагонах в подземной части охлаждается кондиционерами.
Атмосфера в метро – полный контраст с тем, что творится на поверхности или внизу, под
путями поездов. На перронах и в вагонах чисто. Поезда прибывают на станцию строго по
графику. Сейчас метро перевозит по 1,6 млн. пассажиров каждый день, но, поскольку их
становится все больше, число вагонов в составе планируется увеличить.
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В том, что работа идет без серьезных срывов, – немалая заслуга 79-летнего
Элаттувалапила Шридарана, генерального директора корпорации. В таком возрасте
руководить сложной транспортной системой, которая должна стремительно расширяться,
непросто. Но Шридаран с работой справляется.
(«Независимая Газета», март 2011)
Task 13. Imagine you are writing an article to a travel magazine. Share your impressions about
living in another country (city) with readers.
Topical Vocabulary
Task 1. Grammar time: complete these sentences using a suitable passive for the verbs in
brackets.
Task 2. Match words 1-14 with their synonyms in italics, translate and memorize them. Think
of sentences with the words from the box.
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Task 3 a) match a word from the box with one of the definitions below:
1) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or
political aim –
2) to get rid of smth unpleasant, dirty, etc.; to make smth disappear –
3) to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it, etc. –
4) to achieve smth that you have been trying to do or get; to have the result or effect that was
intended –
b) fill in the gaps with the words from the box in a) and translate these sentences into Russian.
1. They are aiming to increase production from the meat …………………ing plant.
2. She has ……………… all her problems.
3. Today police launched ………………………… to reduce road accidents.
4. Our plan ……………….. .
5. People have criticized the way in which she conducted her election ………………………..
6. It was impossible ……………….. the stain from the tablecloth.
7. Most of the food we buy is ……………. in some way.
8. I sent three rolls of film away to be ………………. .
9. She has ……………………… in a difficult career.
Task 4. Put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate passive form and translate the text.
Comment on any new information contained the text.
In both East and West, people have searched for centuries for better ways to preserve foods,
discovering through experience that the use of salt not only preserves, but improves flavor. This
is because proteins which (to contain) in food (to break down) by microorganisms into taste-
enhancing umami components.
In ancient China, preserved foods and their seasonings (to know) as jiang – perhaps the
forerunner to what we now know as soy sauce. Different types of jiang (to produce) from meat,
seafood, vegetables and grain. Of these ingredients, grain was the most easily available and
manageable, and so the jiang that (to make) from soybeans and wheat in particular developed
more rapidly. The process of making this “grain jiang” eventually spread from China into Japan
and other neighboring countries. Today’s soy sauce (to say) to originate from this seasoning.
After being introduced into Japan, the development and processing of jiang took a distinctive
turn; in the middle of the seventeenth century, the process of producing naturally brewed soy
sauce (to establish) here, and began to spread throughout the country.
Task 5. Story time: use phrases in the box to make up a strange but true story about a British
couple Brenda and James Harris, working in Australia.
DEAD AGAIN
to have a very unusual experience with a kangaroo last year ▪ to work as photographers for a
British magazine ▪ to be going to take photos of models in clothes in the Australian outback ▪ to
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be driving along an empty dirty road in their 4x4 ▪ to suddenly appear out of nowhere (about a
kangaroo) ▪ to try to change the direction of the car ▪ to be late ▪ to hit the roo with the car ▪ to
feel sick ▪ to jump out of the car ▪ to die of shock ▪ to have to decide what to do ▪ to bury the roo
▪ to feel strange about digging a hole in the desert at 3 in the morning ▪ just to leave him ▪ to give
the guy a sort of burial ▪ to have a whole load of expensive suits and dresses (from Versace,
Giorgio Armani, Gaultier) in the back of the car ▪ to dress the dead roo up in all this stuff and get
a few shots of that ▪ to lay the dear kangaroo out in the boot of the car ▪ to start dressing him up ▪
to look really good in his Armani suit and sunglasses and a typical Australian hat ▪ to be still
complaining about the whole idea (Boris) ▪ to fall asleep ▪ to start to organize the shoot ▪ to set
up the camera ▪ to drag the dead roo into position ▪ to be excited ▪ all to go well ▪ to open the
eyes ▪ to look around ▪ to look at the strange clothes ▪ to jump away in the bush with his 4,000
euro Giorgio Armani suit ▪ to stand in amazement ▪ to get angry (Brenda) ▪ to exclaim with relief
– to be alive! (Boris) ▪ to explain to the boss about the loss of this expensive suit
Task 7. Translate these sentences into English using the vocabulary of the unit.
Task 8. Translate the text. Speak about different uses of clay. Do the exercise below the text.
The first evidence of the production of bricks dates back to the days of the Babylonians, more
than 5000 years ago. At first they were used in their unbaked form, simply left to dry in the sun
and it was only in 2500 BC that they began to be baked.
Stone wasn’t always available and when it was, the crafting process was difficult and time
consuming. Clay on the other hand, was perfectly easy to mix and mould and, once dry, was a
valid support for early constructions.
Right from the start, the brick has always been a parallelepiped with a precise golden
relationship between its three dimensions. The length is normally twice the width and the width
is twice the thickness. Thanks to the fact that is so easy to mould, clay has always enabled the
construction of bricks with different profiles, enabling the builder artistically to enhance the
construction, setting different trends in different periods and places.
From the Sumerians to the Babylonians, from the Assyrians to the Egyptians, from the Greeks to
the Romans, terracotta bricks represent a material which has been used beyond every national
boundary throughout history. There is considerable evidence of the rich medieval architecture in
Europe.
The terracotta brick continues to be one of very few products made exclusively of natural
materials: clay, sand, water and fire being the elements used in the creation process.
The support provided by the latest technology in controlling the baking process creates a product
that represents a choice aimed at guaranteeing durable constructions which are both attractive
and economically remunerative in time.
Clay is very fine particles of dirt which float in a stream or river and then sink to the bottom,
where they press on each other and stick together. Clay is generally found along the banks of a
river or stream, wherever the river is pulling dirt down off the mountains or hills and dropping it
in a quiet part of the river lower down. So people who live in river valleys can get a lot of clay.
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What is so cool about clay (besides that it is easy and cheap to get) is that it is squishy when it is
wet, so you can make it any shape you like, and then it dries hard in the sun, pretty fast, as the
water evaporates out. If you dry clay in the sun you can make it soft again just by throwing it in a
bucket of water and waiting a week or two.
But if clay pot or sculpture is put in a fire, or in an oven (an oven for clay is called a kiln) and
baked it for a while very hot, the clay becomes even harder and it will not get soft again even if
you put it in water for a long time. This is called firing. People first began to fire clay about 6000
BC.
The most important thing that people in the ancient world did with clay was to build houses out
of it by making bricks and drying them in the sun. They mixed straw with the clay to help it stick
together better. This is called mud-brick, or adobe (ah-DOUGH-bee), or pise (pea-SAY).
Sometimes builders fired the bricks to make them harder and more waterproof.
But potters also used fired clay to make dishes and plates and cups and cookpots. Builders
generally fired their roof tiles, which had to be more waterproof than the walls. And they used it
for statues too. The Etruscans in particular are known for their clay statues.
Task 10. Find English equivalents for the Russian phrases from the test above.
Обжигать, оседать на дно, придавать любую форму, делать посуду, бросать в огонь, быть
известным (знаменитым) чем-либо, давать возможность, датироваться (восходить к),
сушить на солнце, прочные конструкции, водостойкий, трудоёмкий, экономически
выгодный, укреплять конструкцию, за пределами государственной границы.
Task 11. Render the text into English and comment on any new information contained in the
text.
This programme is about ways of saying goodbye…there are plenty of expressions in English
you can use, other than just goodbye, of course and we’ll look at some of the situations where
they might be appropriate. Let’s take a trip to the pub, imagine Alex is with friends. It’s getting
late and Alex decides he wants to go home.
It’s time I made a move is a way of saying it’s time for me to go. He starts the sentence with right
then, which is a way of getting attention and often signals that the speaker is about to do
something or make a suggestion… Right then, it’s time to go! Right then! Let’s go shopping!
There are several other expressions you could use which also serve as a way of getting attention,
which you could use before you want to announce that you’re leaving.
Instead of saying I suppose it’s time I made a move, you could make a more definite statement
telling everyone you’re going – I’m going to make a move.
See you later is an expression we hear very often when friends or colleagues say goodbye to each
other, generally when they’re going to see each other quite soon. You could of course be more
specific about when you’ll see them.
Examples: Right, lovely to see you all – I’m off now, bye!
OK, I’m off! See you tomorrow!
Right, that’s me off, guys!
That’s me off is a variation on I’m off. Another thing you might do when saying goodbye is
showing pleasure at having seen the person. You could use phrases like it’s been lovely to see
you or good to see you again.
Examples: Well, I’m going to have to go but it’s been great to catch up.
Nice to catch up with you again and I’ll see you soon!
Examples: Andrew, thanks, it’s been a lovely evening. Thank you very much but we must
be off, we have to catch a train… um, thanks again for a lovely evening!
Thanks it’s been a lovely evening, but I ought to think about heading home soon.
Thanks again for all that lovely food and you must come over to ours some time!
It can be considered quite rude if you had food or drink at someone’s house and then just said
good bye without thanking them for it. So the kinds of phrases we heard in those examples are
always useful to know – it’s been a lovely evening; thank you for the lovely food; thank you for a
lovely time, it was really nice. Another set of expressions that you might find useful is language
for leaving in a hurry… you’re having coffee with a friend and suddenly realize you’ve got to
go, or you’ll miss your train.
Examples I’m sorry, I’m gonna have to dash! I’ve just realized I’m gonna miss my train if I
don’t go now, but I’ll see you later – bye bye!
Yikes! Is that the time! I’ve gotta go!
I’m really sorry, but I’m gonna have to dash off to catch my train.
Sorry to have to leave so soon, but otherwise I’m gonna miss my train – must
dash!
Cheerio!
I must dash or I’m going to have to dash are an informal way of saying you’re going to have to
leave quickly. Cheerio is very light-hearted and English word to say goodbye.
Task 13. Render the text into English and speak about the history of concrete.
Трудно точно сказать, где и когда появился бетон, так как начало его зарождения уходит
далеко в глубь веков. Очевидно лишь то, он прошел длинный путь развития.
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далекие времена широко применялись при строительстве самых различных построек и
сооружений.
Народы, жившие на островах Эгейского моря и в Малой Азии, начиная с VII-VI вв. до
н. э. применяли растворы на жирной извести с гидравлическими добавками при
строительстве отдельных зданий и гидротехнических сооружений. В Индии уже в наше
время в храмах и дворцах знати были обнаружены хорошо сохранившиеся бетонные
«набивные» полы (IV-V вв. до н. э.).
Task 14. Hold a talk with your groupmates about different materials and their use.
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List of Reference
1. Арбекова Т.И., Власова Н.Н., Макарова Г.А. Я хочу и буду знать английский: Учебник.
– 3 изд., перераб. И доп. – М.: «ЧеРо» при участии издательства «Юрайт», 2002. – 560 с.
2. Карневская Е.Б. Английский язык. На пути к успеху. – Мн.: Аверсэв, 2005. – 288 с.
3. Косов А.В. Фонарик для чужой души. – М., Издательский дом «Валютный спекулянт»,
2007. – 168 с.
4. Макарова Г.А. Английский всерьёз. Учебник. – М.: ЧеРо: Высш.шк.: Издательство
Московского университета, 2002. – 592 с.
5. Практический курс английского языка. I курс: Учеб. для пед. ин-тов по спец.
«иностран.яз» / Л.И.Селянина, К.П. Гинтовт, М.А. Соколова и др. / под ред. В.Д.
Аракина. – 4 изд., испр. – М..: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 1997. – 536 с.
6. Тесты. Иностранные языки. Варианты и ответы централизованного (абитуриентского)
тестирования. – М.: Центр тестирования МО РФ, 2004.
7. McCarthy M., O’Dell F. English Collocations in Use. – Cambridge: CUP, 2007. – 190 p.
8. Nicholas Sparks “The Choice”.
9. Oxford Advances Learner’s Dictionary. – 7-th edition. – Oxford: OUP, – 2008.
10. Swan M. Practical English Usage. International Student’s Edition – 3-d edition. – Oxford:
OUP, 2009. – 653 p.
Internet sources
1. http://www.bbc.co.uk
2. www.abc.net.au
3. http://www.tripnewswire.com
4. http://businesstravel.about.com
5. http://australianetwork.com
6. http://www.fairtrade.org.uk
7. www.forbes.ru
8. http://www.guardian.co.uk
9. www.macmillandictionary.com
10. www.ng.ru
11. http://www.un.org/en
12. http://biz.liga.net/news
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Предисловие 3
Unit 1. First Meetings 6
Unit 2. The world of work 13
Unit 3. Challenges 23
Unit 4. Plans and arrangements 29
Unit 5. How healthy is your lifestyle? 37
Unit 6. Flying gets cheaper 44
Unit 7. Changing lives 53
Unit 8. Crossing cultures 61
Unit 9. For over a century 70
Unit 10. Will our planet survive? 77
Unit 11. Getting around in cities 84
Unit 12. The story of cork 93
List of Reference 101
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