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[i:], [i], [e], [æ], [a:], [o:], [o], [u:], [yu:], [u], [yu], [ər], [ə]
Spelling examples: see – hit – red – cat – car – more – not – rule – use –
book – fury – sir – but.
bee – see – fee – free – tree – three – knee – feel – keen – seen – seem –
feed – need – speed – cheese – sleeve;
meet – feet – sleet – seek – peek – meek – week – deep – keep – sleep –
steep – geese;
sea – tea – team – cream – clean – lead – read – deal – meal – leave –
please – tease – breathe – easy;
heat – meat – seat – peak – speak – weak – leak – leaf – leap – heap –
teach – peach – peace – lease – least – feast – beast; release;
fear – hear – ear – near – clear – rear – tear – dear – year – beard; appear
– disappear;
Note: The sound [i:] before final [r] in words like "here, sincere, near,
appear, cheer, engineer" usually has diphthongal character. Transcription
symbols for this sound in American ESL materials may be [i:r], [ihr], [ir], [i:
(ə)r], [iər].
Note: In AmE, [i:] or [e] (usually [i:]) is pronounced in the word "leisure".
(В AmE, [i:] или [e] (обычно [i:]) произносится в слове "leisure".)
hit – it – fit – bit – sit – quit – tip – dip – lip – lick – pick – sick – kiss – miss
– this;
did – kid – lid – rid – bid – rib – lib – pig – fig – dig – his – is – Liz – live –
bridge;
fist – list – mist – risk – disk – gift – drift – lift – stiff – fix – six – dish – fish
– rich – witch;
fill – kill – bill – swim – him – Tim – win – pin – pink – drink – sing – bring –
rinse;
finish – limit – visit – critic – liquid – river – dinner – idiot – city – pity –
sister – history – distance – dizzy;
red – bed – bet – let – met – set – dress – mess – stress – yes – rest – test
– chest – desk – deck – neck – peck; debt;
bell – tell – sell – well – pen – men – rent – end – spend – leg – peg – help
– self;
bent – lent – sent – spent – went – kept – crept – slept – swept – wept –
left – held – felt;
care – dare – bare – rare – share – spare – stare – scare; declare – compare
– prepare;
Note: The sound [e] before final [r] in words like "care, share, compare, air,
repair, wear, bear" usually has diphthongal character [e(ə)r].
Note: In AmE, initial "e" in words like "embrace, employ, engage, enjoy,
escape, establish" is pronounced [e] or [i].
bad – lad – sad – mad – had – glad – add – cab – lab – tab – bag – lag –
flag – rag – drag – tag;
cat – rat – sat – mat – cap – lap – map – tap – wrap – back – pack – lack –
rack – sack – stack;
catch – match – latch – batch – patch – cash – cache – clash – slash – dash
– mash – rash – crash;
ham – Pam – Sam – tram – tramp – camp – lamp – damp – stamp; lamb;
fan – pan – Ann – Annie – Dan – tan – man – ban – plan – clan – ran –
span;
bank – tank – rank – frank – bang – hang – rang – sang – anger – angry –
angle;
class – glass – grass – grasp – task – ask – last – fast – past – master –
pass – mass – bath – path – jazz; disaster;
Note: In AmE, "a" in words like "ask, after, class, dance, demand, last,
path, castle" may be pronounced [a:] in some regions.
car – are – far – bar – star – card – hard – garden – pardon – yard – guard;
regard;
sergeant.
core – more – bore – shore – sore – store – tore; before – explore – ignore;
cord – lord – sword – order – port – sort – sport – short – fork – pork –
force – horse – north – porch – torch;
call – hall – ball – tall – wall – all – always – false – salt – halt; walk – talk –
chalk;
long – wrong – song – gone – boss – loss – lost – cost – dog – fog – log;
Note: In AmE, [o:] or [o] is pronounced in words like "gone, coffee, office,
borrow, orange, sorry, dog, song, loss, lost, quarrel, want, wash, water".
Note: In AmE, "o" before "r" in some words, e.g., "port, force, more", may
be pronounced [ou] (as in "no").
hot – lot – not – got – bottle – bottom – body – model – modern; forgot –
forgotten;
rude – rule – rumor – ruin – brutal – truth – June – junior – Julia – Luke –
Lucy – lunatic – luminous – parachute;
too – zoo – food – mood – cool – school – fool – foolish – pool – tool – boom
– room – groom – moon – soon – choose – soothe;
boot– root – shoot – booth – tooth – boost – rooster – goose – loose – proof
– roof;
Note: In AmE, [u:] or [u] is pronounced in "room, broom, groom, roof, root,
soot, hoof, coop, boulevard".
Note:
In AmE, [u:] or [yu:] (usually [u:]) is pronounced after "d, n, s, t" in words
like these:
duty – due – dew – dual – dude – dune – duplicate; produce (v.) – reduce;
beauty – beautiful;
yule – yuletide.
Note: In AmE, [u:] or [yu:] (usually [u:]) is pronounced after "d, n, s, t" in
words like "duty, due, produce, new, newspaper, neutral, suit, super,
consumer, tune, tulip, student, stupid".
Note: The sound [u] before final [r] as in "poor, tour, sure, lure, endure,
assure, insure" usually has diphthongal character [u(ə)r].
Note: In AmE, [u:] or [u] is pronounced in "room, broom, groom, roof, root,
soot, hoof, coop, boulevard".
Note: In AmE, [u] or [yu] (usually [u]) is pronounced after "d" in "during,
durable, duration, endurance".
Note: The sound [yu] before final [r] as in "cure, pure, secure, obscure"
usually has diphthongal character [yu(ə)r].
The sound [ər] as in SIR
her – err – were – herb – verb – verse – serve – nerve – nervous – certain;
fur – purr – burn – turn – curb – curse – nurse – purse – church – urge –
hurt – burst;
fir – sir – stir – bird – shirt – skirt – firm – girl – circle – circus – circuit –
dirty – third – thirty – first – thirsty;
hush – rush – brush – blush – plush – much – such – cuff – stuff – buff –
puff;
duck – luck – truck – rug – bug – lug – mug – cup – cub – club – rub – tub;
fun – bun – gun – nun – pun – run – sun – dull – gull – hull – null – skull –
gulf – gulp;
come – some – son – ton – done – won – one – tongue – glove – love –
dove;
blood, flood;
rough – tough – touch – country – cousin – couple – double – trouble –
young – famous – jealous;
Note: The following transcription symbols are generally used for the neutral
sound in American ESL materials: 1. [ʌ] (caret) in stressed syllables (fun,
son) and [ə] (schwa) in unstressed syllables (about, lesson); 2. [ə] (schwa)
in both stressed and unstressed syllables.